Time Management We only have 24 hours in a day, so time management is all about focusing on how we can get the most out of ourselves with the 24 hours we’re given. Do you spend too much time talking on the phone, daydreaming, net surfing, watching TV, or forgetting things? Set yourself a strict time limit so these activities don’t prevent you from accomplishing other important tasks.
»» Talking on the phone »» Too much attention to detail »» Trouble getting started
Make a daily “To Do” list and prioritise ruthlessly. List tasks according to their priority. Use categories such as:
»» Perfectionism
Things I Must Do…
»» Forgetting things
Avoid “Time Wasters”
Manage “Time Wasters”
»» Not using spare time »» Daydreaming
Things I Should Do…
»» Lack of planning
Things I Could Do… It is a good idea to do this at the start of each day so that you use your day more efficiently. Break tasks into 15 min, 30 min or 1 hour time lots to give a sense of deadline to tasks. Every time that you complete a task, tick it off and reward yourself.
»» Surfing the Internet »» Disorganisation »» Worry and lack of confidence »» Exercising too much
Use Me!
»» Watching TV
It is easy to forget what homework or assignment is due, when work is on, or when upcoming social events demand attendance. It is a good idea to actively use MyDiary every day to note down all these commitments so you are better organised and prepared.
Create Routines
Fill in a timetable each week for when you plan to complete your homework, assignments and study – then aim to stick to it!
Over Plan To Get More Done
Work expands to fill the time you give to it, so if you only have a single job to do in the day, then you’ll get that done. If you give yourself three jobs to complete, chances are you would have still squeezed them in. So try to push yourself to accomplish more, by giving yourself more jobs to do in priority order.
Tidbits A minute now is better than a minute later. Time flies like an arrow. Fruit flies like an orange. Trouble with our times is that the future is not what it used to be.
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Goal Setting The Goal Getting Formula Written by Dr. Peter Dingle; Associate Professor, Health and the Environment, Murdoch University
What are your goals?
Precise: Be as specific and as clear as possible.
When? Set your goals in a time frame. Set a time and a date (crucial for success).
Positive: You will always head in the direction of your goals. A negative goal will take you in a negative direction.
Where? Create an environment around you to support your goals - a place that refreshes, motivates and inspires you.
Purpose Driven: Find out what is really important to you and head in that direction. Make sure your goals are consistent with your values.
Who? Who can help you and support you along the way? Identify role models, mentors. Who should you stay away from? (The negative people in your life and the media.)
Present: When your mind thinks you are already there, it will do everything it can to keep you there.
Personal: Make sure your goals are what you want and not other people’s goals. Short Term: Set goals you can achieve each day and each week to build up your successes. Long Term: Set long-term goals that give you something to strive for. Challenging and Significant: Make your goals worth while. If they are too easy, your mind thinks, “Why bother?” Measurable: This makes it easy to see how well you are doing, to measure your pace and your success.
Why? Why is achieving the goal so important?
Flexible: This means that if major things happen in your life and you are not on target, simply adjust your goals. “Stuff” happens in our lives and we can’t always plan for it.
What are the benefits I gain by taking action now? Start with at least 5 reasons and keep adding more reasons. This is really the most important step - it keeps you motivated. Make your reasons personal and important to you.
Now write them down
How? These are the steps you need to take to achieve your goals.
2
Make sure your goals are:
Most people do not write down their goals. The research shows that those who do not write their goals do not achieve them as successfully as those who do write them. Because it is a commitment, it seems hard. But the hardest part is starting. Writing your goals more than doubles your chances of getting them. The act of writing uses the senses of sight and touch; it focuses your thoughts and uses muscles. All of these stimulate the release of chemicals in your brain, which cause millions of extra connections in the brain to be formed, greatly reinforcing your chance of achieving goals.
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Goals for 2011 Weekly Goals
Deadline
Result
Short Term Goals
Deadline
Result
Long Term Goals
Deadline
Result
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Editing Tips – Proofreading Distrust every word on the page… and practise to master. But once you have the hang of it you’ll gain precious marks in your assignments and tests. Here are some tips for catching editing mistakes: Hints on Tricky Words » a piece of pie » you hear with your ear » necessary has one collar and two socks » quite/quiet – Silent ends with the letter t and quiet ends with the letter t » principal/principle – The principal is your pal » because – Betty eats cake and uncle Sam’s eggs » accommodation – There are two caravans and two motels » meat/meet – I like to eat meat » stationary/stationery – A car is stationary » island – An island is land surrounded by sea
Grammar Checklist
»» Does your writing make sense? »» Have you used correct pronouns? »» Is the tense consistent?
If there are types of errors you know you tend to make, double check for those.
Read one word at a time Be sure to read what is actually on the page, not what you think is there.
Read very very slowly When you read normally, you see only the first and last few letters. You “fix your eyes” on the print only three or four times per line, or less. You take in the words between your fixation points with your peripheral vision, which gets less accurate the further it is from the point. The average reader can only take in six letters accurately with one fixation. This means you have to fix your eyes on almost every word you have written and do it twice for longer words, in order to proofread accurately. You have to look at the word, not slide over it.
Read out loud You are more likely to hear a mistake such as repeating or omitting words. This is because you are using two senses, seeing and hearing, and you are forced to slow down. This keeps you conscious of every word.
Proofread more than once If possible ask friends/parents/siblings to check it too. It is harder to detect mistakes in your own work than in someone else’s.
Commas A comma is used when you take a breath in a middle of a sentence. Commas divide a sentence into parts, making it easier for the reader to understand.
“Speech Marks” “Use them to show when somebody is talking.”
»» Are there any gaps in the meaning of your information?
Paragraphs
»» Do the events and facts follow each other in a logical sequence?
The Ownership Apostrophe
»» Are there any parts, or words, that can be left out? »» Can you make your ideas clearer?
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Be aware of your bad habits
A paragraph is a group of sentences dealing with the same topic. Paragraphs are either indented or spaced.
The apostrophe is used to show that something belongs to someone or something. It goes after the last letter of the owner’s name e.g. this is Claire’s bag.
??? The question mark is placed at the end of a question. As it completes a sentence (in the same way as a full stop) the next word begins with a capital letter.
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Study Tips »» Because otherwise you will forget Studies show the effect of revision on memory. An average person would forget ~ 25% of information after a day, ~ 40% after a week, ~ 55% after a month and ~ 80% or more after 3 months. However, if you revise what you learn you are able to recall information better.
»» To improve your marks »» To make school easier and more enjoyable »» To improve your memory and make you less stressed during exams »» It will help you develop one of life’s greatest skills – self-discipline
Where should I study? »» Ideally in a quiet place, away from family, noise, mobile phone & the TV »» It is best to have a regular spot with a desk, chair, good lighting, a shelf and a storage space for your notes »» You can use any spare time available to catch up, such as in the car, on the train, waiting for someone, at the library, during lunchtime or at work when it is quiet
You may find that the following strategies assist you to solve maths/logic and other problems in general. » Read the problem… then read the problem again
Problem Solving
Why should I study?
» Ensure that you understand the meaning of all the words in the problem » List relevant facts & assumptions regarding the problem » Ask yourself if there are any patterns » Try drawing: A table, diagram, model, picture or an equation Does your answer make sense? Could there be more than one solution? Can you answer the problem with common sense?
How can I revise? Revision should be divided into sessions of at least 20 minutes. You should try to revise each night what you did in class that day. Read class notes, assignments, handouts or previous tests and textbooks, and make revision summaries of your text book.
This can be done by: »» Skim-reading fast to get a general idea »» Reading more slowly so that you actually understand it »» Highlighting key words and points »» Making notes and special summaries to memorise
Quick Tips Try a few drops of aromatic oils in a candle burner to help you study. Research proves that burning oils such as peppermint stimulate your brain helping you stay awake and focus.
How can I memorise? Plan short periods (between 5 to 10 minutes) for every learning subject each week; note that major subjects need more than one period. Start to memorise important information by: »» Re-reading and testing yourself on summary cards »» Reading aloud to yourself or someone else »» Recording summaries onto tapes to replay before you go to bed
Se
! sly u o A bus station is where a bus ri
stops. A train station is where a train stops. Hmmm… On my desk I have a work station…
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Record of Test Results date
6
subject
score
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mean
date
subject
score
mean
Maths Laws, Formulae & Symbols Order of Operation - follow this rule:
B
I
Brackets
Indices
• •
D
Multiplication
A
Division
S
Addition
Subtraction
If there are just additions and subtractions, work from left to right If there are just multiplications and division work from left to right
SYMBOLS
Equality and Inequality Signs
= < > ≤ ≥ ≠ ≡ ≈
................ is equal to ................ is less than ................ is greater than ................ is less than or equal to ................ is greater than or equal to ................ is not equal to ................ is equivalent to ................ is approximately equal to ................ is congruent to α ................ is directly proportional to ................ therefore % ................ percentage
SET NOTATION { } ................ the set of : ................ such that є ................ is an element of φ
M
................ is a subset of ................ null or empty set ................ intersection ................ union
GEOMETRY
................ pi, approximately 3.142 ................ angle // ................ is parallel to ................ is perpendicular to ................ right angle (a,b) ................the co-ordinates of a point ∑ ................ the sum of
STANDARD FORM is given by (a number between 1 & 10) x (Power of 10) Eg. 456.7 = 4.567 x 102
THE CIRCLE
Area =
c r d
r2
Circumference = 2 Circumference =
r d
Circumference = distance around outside of circle Radius = distance from centre to outside of circle Diameter = distance from one side of circle to the other through the centre
SETS OF NUMBERS N Z Q R
................ ................ ................ ................
the set of natural numbers the set of integers the set of rational numbers the set of real numbers
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Maths Laws, Formulae & Symbols ALGEBRA
Letters which represent numbers are called variables eg:
4a ab 3mn
= a+a+a+a = 4xa = axb = 3xmxn
DISTRIBUTIVE LAW
Is expanding brackets a (b + c) = ab + ac
- x - = +
÷100
= (0, 1.5)
TRIGONOMETRY
Percentages are all out of 100 x 100
M = (-2+2, 4+-1)
+x-=-
PERCENTAGES % Fractions Decimals
Finding the coordinates of the midpoint of a line A(-2,4) B(2,-1) 2 2
POSITIVES & NEGATIVES + x + = +
MIDPOINT BETWEEN POINTS
Percentages %
CO-ORDINATE GEOMETRY
Trigonometry is used on a daily basis in the workplace. Since trigonometry means “triangle measure”, any profession that deals with measurement deals with trigonometry as well. Carpenters, construction workers and engineers, for example, must possess a thorough understanding of trigonometry.
SOH CAH TOA hypotenuse opposite
Opposite Sin = Hypotenuse Cos =
Adjacent Hypotenuse
Opposite Tan = Adjacent
adjacent
ALGEBRA & EXPANDING (a-b)2 = a2 - 2ab + b2 (a - b) (a + b) = a2 - b2
(a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2 difference of two sqaures
EQUATION OF A STRAIGHT LINE
PYTHAGORAS THEOREM
DISTANCE BETWEEN POINTS
8
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c2 = a2 + b2
c = √ a2 + b2
Maths Laws, Formulae & Symbols Multiplication Tables 1 x1 = 1
2 x1 = 2
5 x1 = 5
6 x1 = 6
9 x1 = 9
10 x1 = 10
1 x 2 = 2
2 x 2 = 4
5 x 2 = 10
6 x 2 = 12
9 x 2 = 18
10 x 2 = 20
1 x 3 = 3
2 x 3 = 6
5 x 3 = 15
6 x 3 = 18
9 x 3 = 27
10 x 3 = 30
1 x 4 = 4
2 x 4 = 8
5 x 4 = 20
6 x 4 = 24
9 x 4 = 36
10 x 4 = 40
1 x 5 = 5
2 x 5 = 10
5 x 5 = 25
6 x 5 = 30
9 x 5 = 45
10 x 5 = 50
1 x 6 = 6
2 x 6 = 12
5 x 6 = 30
6 x 6 = 36
9 x 6 = 54
10 x 6 = 60
1 x 7 = 7
2 x 7 = 14
5 x 7 = 35
6 x 7 = 42
9 x 7 = 63
10 x 7 = 70
1 x 8 = 8
2 x 8 = 16
5 x 8 = 40
6 x 8 = 48
9 x 8 = 72
10 x 8 = 80
1 x 9 = 9
2 x 9 = 18
5 x 9 = 45
6 x 9 = 54
9 x 9 = 81
10 x 9 = 90
1 x10 = 10
2 x10 = 20
5 x10 = 50
6 x10 = 60
9 x10 = 90
10 x10 = 100
1 x11 = 11
2 x11 = 22
5 x11 = 55
6 x11 = 66
9 x11 = 99
10 x11 = 110
1 x12 = 12
2 x12 = 24
5 x12 = 60
6 x12 = 72
9 x12 = 108 10 x12 = 120
3 x1 = 3
4 x1 = 4
7 x1 = 7
8 x1 = 8
11 x1 = 11
12 x1 = 12
3 x 2 = 6
4 x 2 = 8
7 x 2 = 14
8 x 2 = 16
11 x 2 = 22
12 x 2 = 24
3 x 3 = 9
4 x 3 = 12
7 x 3 = 21
8 x 3 = 24
11 x 3 = 33
12 x 3 = 36
3 x 4 = 12
4 x 4 = 16
7 x 4 = 28
8 x 4 = 32
11 x 4 = 44
12 x 4 = 48
3 x 5 = 15
4 x 5 = 20
7 x 5 = 35
8 x 5 = 40
11 x 5 = 55
12 x 5 = 60
3 x 6 = 18
4 x 6 = 24
7 x 6 = 42
8 x 6 = 48
11 x 6 = 66
12 x 6 = 72
3 x 7 = 21
4 x 7 = 28
7 x 7 = 49
8 x 7 = 56
11 x 7 = 77
12 x 7 = 84
3 x 8 = 24
4 x 8 = 32
7 x 8 = 56
8 x 8 = 64
11 x 8 = 88
12 x 8 = 96
3 x 9 = 27
4 x 9 = 36
7 x 9 = 63
8 x 9 = 72
11 x 9 = 99
12 x 9 = 108
3 x10 = 30
4 x10 = 40
7 x10 = 70
8 x10 = 80
11 x10 = 110 12 x10 = 120
3 x11 = 33
4 x11 = 44
7 x11 = 77
8 x11 = 88
11 x11 = 121 12 x11 = 132
3 x12 = 36
4 x12 = 48
7 x12 = 84
8 x12 = 96
11 x12 = 132 12 x12 = 144
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Maths Laws, Formulae & Symbols 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
Alkali Earth Metals
GROUP 1
H
1.0
6.9 11
Na
5
PERIOD
3
23.0
19
K
39.1 37
Rb
6
Cs
132.9 87
7
Be
Fr
(223)
5
B
9.0
13
Mg 24.3
20
Ca Sr
87.6
Ba
Sc Y
Ti
lanthanoids
57
89
90
(227) # ##
106
Db
59
Ce
Sg
(266)
60
Pr
Nd
140.9 91
Th
232.0
W
183.9
(262)
140.1
Ac
Ta
105
58
25
Mn
144.2 92
Pa
231.0
U
238.0
26
54.9
43
95.9
74
180.9
Rf
La
Mo
92.9
Hf
Cr
52.0 42
Nb
73
(261)
138.9
Actinoid Series
Zr
104
actinoids
V
50.9
178.5
89-103
Ra
24
41
91.2 72
57-71
(226)
23
47.9 40
88.9
88
Lanthanoid Series
22
45.0 39
56
137.3
C
Al
Fe
55.8 44
Tc
Ru
98.9
101.1
75
Re
76
Os
186.2 107
Bh
190.2 108
Hs
(264)
61
Pm
(277)
62
Sm
(145)
93
Np
150.4
94
Pu
(237)
(244)
27
Co
28
58.9
45
Rh
102.9 77
Ir
192.2 109
Mt
(268)
63
Eu
152.0 95
Am (243)
Ni
58.7 46
Pd
106.4 78
Pt
195.1 110
Ds
(271)
64
Gd
157.3 96
Cm (247)
29
Cu 63.5
47
Ag
107.9 79
Au
197.0 111
Rg
(272)
65
Tb
158.9 97
Bk
(247)
30
Zn
31
Ga
65.4
48
Si
Cd
112.4 80
Hg Cp
66
Dy Cf
Sn
Tl
118.7 82
Pb
204.4 113
Uut
67
Ho
162.5 98
In
207.2 114
(251)
Es
P
31.0 34
As 74.9
51
S
Se
Sb
Te
127.6 84
Bi
Po
209.0
116
68
Er
167.3 100
(252)
Fm (257)
69
70
Tm
Yb
168.9
173.0
101
102
Md
No
(258)
Br
79.9 53
I
At
(210) 117
Uus
71
Lu
175.0 103
Lr
(259)
Noble Gases
20.2
Other Metals
Ar
Other Non Metals
39.9 36
Rare Earth Metals
Kr
Transition Metals
83.8 54
126.9 85
(209)
115
Cl
Ne
18
35.5 35
79.0 52
121.8 83
F
(262)
Xe
Gases
He
Rn
Liquids or melt at close to room temperature
Ga
131.3 86
(222)
Solids
Fe
Synthetic Elements
Sg
118
Uuo
How to Read the Table Atomic Number
36
Element Symbol
Kr
83.8
Atomic Weight
For elements that have no stable or long-lived nuclides, the mass number of the nuclide with the longest confirmed half-life is listed in parentheses. Elements with atomic numbers 112 and above have been reported but not fully authenticated.
Area of a triangle:
Angles An acute angle is one which is less than 90°. An obtuse angle is one which is more than 90° but less than 180°. A reflex angle is one which is more than 180° but less than 360°.
Binomial Product:
1 Area = — base x height 2
(x+a)(y+b) = xy + xb + ay + ab
Reflex Angle
Pythagorean Theorem:
ad
r (r
) ng t h
θ
Volume of a cone: r (radius) 1 Volume = — π r²h 3
c
h (height)
b
y Sin θ = ― z
y Tan θ = ― x
y
x
# Where y is the side opposite the acute angle θ, x is the side adjacent to θ and z is hypotenuse. Also, Sin θ is sine of θ, Cos θ is cosine of θ and Tan θ is tangent of θ.
4 Volume = — π r³ 3
a
r (radius)
Surface Area of a Sphere:
b
Surface Area = 4π r²
Area of a Circle:
Volume of a Cylinder:
Area = π r²
Volume = π r²h
Circumference of a Circle:
z
x Cos θ = ― z
Volume of a Sphere:
Perimeter of a rectangle: Perimeter = 2 (a + b)
Obtuse Angle
Trigonometric Ratios
a
# Where a and b form the right angle and c is its hypotenuse. Also, α + β + γ = 180°.
Area of a rectangle: Area = a x b
Acute Angle
a² + b² = c²
l (le
iu
s)
Length of an Arc (l):
r (radius)
Circumference = 2π r
10
Halogens Metalloids
10
19.0 17
32.1
33
The value of pi (π) = 3.1415926535897932384626433832795028841971693993751…
θ l = ——— x 2π r 3 6 0°
O
9
16.0 16
Uuq Uup Uuh
164.9 99
N
72.6
114.8 81
200.6 112
Ge
50
8
14.0 15
28.1 32
69.7
49
7
12.0 14
27.0 21
40.1
38
6
10.8
12
85.5
55
Periodic Table
Info Section – Peter Moyes Anglican Community School
h (h s)
Li
2
4
diu
3
Alkali Metals
He 4.0
r (ra
1
4
2
Surface Area of a Cylinder: Surface Area = 2π r (r + h)
e ig
ht)
Maths Laws, Formulae & Symbols Conversion Chart for Metric Units of Measurement
Roman Numerals
Mass x1000
t
x1000
kg
kg
x1000
g
g
mg
÷1000
÷1000
÷1000
1 t = 1000kg
1 kg = 1000g
1 g = 1000mg
Length x1000
km
x100
m
m
x10
cm
cm
mm
÷1000
÷100
÷10
1 km = 1000m
1 m = 100cm
1cm = 10mm
Liquid Volume or Capacity x1000
ML
x1000
kL
kL
x1000
L
L
mL
÷1000
÷1000
÷1000
1 ML = 1000kL
1 kL = 1000L
1 L = 1000mL
Other Units
I
1
XXI
21
XLI
41
II
2
XXII
22
XLII
42
III
3
XXIII
23
XLIII
43
IV
4
XXIV
24
XLIV
44
V
5
XXV
25
XLV
45
VI
6
XXVI
26
XLVI
46
VII
7
XXVII
27
XLVII
47
VIII
8
XXVIII
28
XLVIII
48
IX
9
XXIX
29
XLIX
49
X
10
XXX
30
L
50
XI
11
XXXI
31
LI
51
XII
12
XXXII
32
LII
52
XIII
13
XXXIII
33
LIII
53
XIV
14
XXIV
34
LIV
54
XV
15
XXXV
35
LV
55
XVI
16
XXXVI
36
LVI
56
XVII
17
XXXVII
37
LVII
57
XVIII
18
XXXVIII
38
LVIII
58
XIX
19
XXXIX
39
LIX
59
XX
20
XL
40
LX
60
LXX
70
LXXX
80
XC
90
60 seconds
1 minute
60 minutes
1 hour
24 hours
1 day
52 weeks
1 year
C
100
DC
600
365 (or 366) days
1 year
CC
200
DCC
700
CCC
300
DCCC
800
CD
400
CM
900
D
500
M
1000
Days in a Month Mnemonic: 30 days has September, April, June and November. All the rest have 31 excepting February alone which has 28 days clear, with 29 in each leap year.
Number Line
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Notes
12
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