Endnotes

1 American Psychological Association. (2021, March 11). Stress in America 2021: One year later, a new wave of pandemic health concerns. Retrieved from https://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/stress/2021/one-year-pandemic-stress

Bauer, L., Broady, K., Edelberg, W., & O’Donnell. J. (2020, September 17). Ten facts about COVID-19 and the U.S. economy. The Brookings Institution. Retrieved from https://www.brookings.edu/research/ten-facts-about-covid-19-and-the-u-s-economy/

Center on Budget and Policy Priorities. (2021, September 10). Tracking the COVID-19 recession’s effects on food, housing, and employment hardships. Retrieved from https://www.cbpp.org/research/poverty-and-inequality/tracking-the-covid-19-recessions-effects-on-food-housing-and

2 Guilford, G., & Cambon, S. C. (2021, June 2). The economic recovery is here. It’s unlike anything you’ve seen. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved from https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-economic-recovery-is-here-rebound-jobs-stock-market-unemployment-biden-aid-package-11622642152

Idzelis, C., & Watts, W. (2021, July 23). U.S. stocks rise to all-time highs, as Dow closes above 35,000 for first time. Market Watch. Retrieved from https://www.marketwatch.com/story/u-s-stock-index-futures-point-to-fourth-day-of-gains-for-wall-street-11627032372

3 Chen, C. Y-C., Byrne, E., & Vélez, T. (2021, March 12). Impact of the 2020 pandemic of COVID-19 on families with school-aged children in the United States: Role of Income Level and Race. Journal of Family Issues. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0192513X21994153

Cumming, C. S., & Kopparam, R. (2021, April 1). What the U.S. Census Household Pulse Survey reveals about the first year of the coronavirus recession, in six charts. Washington Center for Equitable Recovery. Retrieved from https://equitablegrowth.org/what-the-u-s-census-household-pulse-survey-reveals-about-the-first-year-of-the-coronavirus-recession-in-six-charts/

Eisen, B. (2020, September 2). How’s the Coronavirus economy? Great or awful, depending on whom you ask. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved from https://www.wsj.com/articles/hows-the-coronavirus-economy-great-or-awful-depending-on-whom-you-ask-11599039003

Ferreira Neto, A. B., & Shannon, J. (2021, March). Stimulus payments in Florida. Regional Economic Research Institute. Retrieved from https://www.fgcu.edu/cob/reri/ib/ibs202102.pdf

Harvard University T. H. Chan School of Public Health. (2021, October 12). Household Experiences in America During the Delta Variant Outbreak. NPR/Robert Wood Johnson Foundation/Harvard School of Public Health Publication: Public Opinion Poll Series. Retrieved from https://www.rwjf.org/en/library/research/2021/10/household-experiences-in-america-during-the-delta-variant-outbreak.html

Parker, K., Minkin, R., & Bennett, J. (2020, September 24). Economic fallout from COVID-19 continues to hit lower-income Americans the hardest. Pew Research Center. Retrieved from https://www.pewresearch.org/social-trends/2020/09/24/economic-fallout-from-covid-19-continues-to-hit-lower-income-americans-the-hardest/

4 Parker, K., Horowitz, J. M., & Brown, A. (2020, April 21). About half of lower-income Americans report household job or wage loss due to COVID-19. Pew Research Center. Retrieved from https://www.pewresearch.org/social-trends/2020/04/21/about-half-of-lower-income-americans-report-household-job-or-wage-loss-due-to-covid-19/

5 Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. (2020, September 18). Survey of household economics and decisionmaking, July 2020 update [Video]. Retrieved from https://www.federalreserve.gov/publications/2020-update-economic-well-being-of-us-households-preface.htm

6 Babson, R. (2021, April 29). Study shows surge in savings during the pandemic. Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City. Retrieved from https://www.kansascityfed.org/ten/2021-spring-ten-magazine/study-shows-surge-in-savings-during-the-pandemic/

Schwartz, N. (2020, May 29). Aid swelled incomes, but spending still saw a ‘wild’ drop. The New York Times. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/29/business/economy/coronavirus-consumer-spending.html

7 Question: Do you currently have each of the following types of retirement savings?

a. 401(k), 403(b), Keogh, or other defined contribution plan through an employer b. Pension with a defined benefit through an employer that will pay a fixed monthly amount in retirement c. IRA or Roth IRA d. Savings outside a retirement account e. Own a business or real estate that will provide income in retirement f. Other retirement savings

8 Falk, G., Romero, P. D., Nicchitta, I. A., & Nyhof, E. C. (2021, August 20). Unemployment rates during the COVID-19 pandemic. Congressional Research Service. Retrieved from https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R46554.pdf

9 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2021). United States COVID-19 cases, deaths, and laboratory testing (NAATs) by State, Territory, and Jurisdiction [View Historic Case and Death Data]. Retrieved from https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/

Kearney, A., Hamel, L., & Brodie, M. (2021, April 14). Mental health impact of the COVID-19 pandemic: An update. Kaiser Family Foundation. Retrieved from https://www.kff.org/coronavirus-covid-19/poll-finding/mental-health-impact-of-the-covid-19-pandemic/

Wier, K. (2020, April 1). Grief and COVID-19: Mourning our bygone lives. American Psychological Association. Retrieved from https://www.apa.org/news/apa/2020/grief-covid-19

11 Kroenke K., Spitzer R. L., Williams J. B.W., & Löwe, B. (2009). An ultra-brief screening scale for anxiety and depression: the PHQ-4. Psychosomatics, 50(6), 613–621. Retrieved from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19996233/

12 United For ALICE. (2021, February). The impact of COVID-19 stimulus payments on ALICE households. Retrieved from https://unitedforalice.org/covid2019

USA.gov. (2021, June 15). Advance child tax credit and economic impact payments — Stimulus checks. Retrieved from https://www.usa.gov/covid-stimulus-checks

13 Dapena, K. (2021, September 15). Covid-19 pandemic aid kept millions of Americans out of poverty in 2020. Wall Street Journal. Retrieved from https://www.wsj.com/articles/covid-19-pandemic-aid-kept-millions-of-americans-out-of-poverty-in-2020-11631739225

Long, H. & Goldstein, A. (2021, September 14). Poverty fell overall in 2020 as result of massive stimulus checks and unemployment aid, Census Bureau says. The Washington Post. Retrieved from https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2021/09/14/us-census-poverty-health-insurance-2020/

U.S. Census. (2021, September 14). Income, poverty and health insurance coverage in the United States: 2020 [press release]. Retrieved from https://www.census.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2021/income-poverty-health-insurance-coverage.html

14 Centers for Disease Control. (2021, July 12). Post-COVID conditions. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/long-term-effects/index.html?CDC_ AA_refVal=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fcoronavirus%2F2019-ncov%2Flong-term-effects.html

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