UNIT 5 Grammar practice Functions of modal verbs 1 Complete the text with appropriate modal verbs. In each case, more than one answer is possible. Dallas Wiens from Texas can’t remember much about 13 November 2008, when he hit an electricity power line and burned his whole body very badly. His injuries were so severe that doctors (1) ……………………… put him into a coma for three months. When he woke up, he was told that he had lost all the features on his face, which meant that he (2) ……………………… use his eyes, nose or mouth. Doctors advised him that he (3) ……………………… prepare himself for a lifetime in a wheelchair and without a face. However, Wiens told himself, ‘I (4) ……………………… get better,’ and he had 22 operations in the first year after the accident. After a while, he (5) ……………………… stand up on his own and move his left arm. Then, one day, he received a call from Jeff Janis at Parkland Hospital in Dallas. Janis told him that it (6) ……………………… be possible to give him a face transplant. Wiens had a 20-hour operation to give him a new face and now he (7) ……………………… breathe through his nose and taste food again. The US Department of Defence covered the cost of his face transplant, so at least Wiens (8) ……………………… pay for his operation. Ability, permission & prohibition 2 Rewrite the sentences. Use affirmative or negative forms of the modal verbs in bold. It’s against the rules for students to wear jeans to college. (must) Students mustn’t wear jeans to college. 1 When I was younger, I wasn’t able to swim. (could) ........................................................................... 2 It’s not against the rules for staff to chew gum. (be allowed to) ........................................................................... 3 It was difficult, but I found the perfect dress in the end. (manage to) ........................................................................... 4 It’s against the law for motorists to park here. (can) ........................................................................... 5 The race was so difficult that Jake didn’t finish it. (manage to) ........................................................................... 6 You can’t check your answers with your partner. (be allowed to) ...........................................................................
Advice 3 Translate the sentences into your language. 2
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UNIT 5 Grammar practice
1 Clothes shops should listen to what teenage fashion bloggers are saying. ........................................................................... ........................................................................... 2 You’d better not wear the yellow dress with green shoes. ........................................................................... ........................................................................... 3 We ought not to buy products unless they’re fair trade. ........................................................................... ........................................................................... 4 Manufacturers shouldn’t test their cosmetics on animals. ........................................................................... ...........................................................................
Obligation & no obligation 4 Rewrite the sentences using an appropriate modal verb. In each case, there is more than one possible answer. Travellers are obliged to purchase a ticket. Travellers must buy a ticket. 1 Customers are obliged to leave a 10% tip. ........................................................................... 2 Shopkeepers are not obliged to give refunds. ........................................................................... 3 Students are obliged to pass their exams this term. ........................................................................... 4 Visitors are obliged to leave their bags at reception. ........................................................................... 5 Car owners are obliged to pay road tax. ........................................................................... 6 Children are not obliged to dress smartly. ........................................................................... Possibility, deduction & modal perfects 5 Complete the first dialogue using appropriate modal verbs of possibility or deduction. Then complete the second dialogue in the perfect tense. Sometimes more than one answer is possible. A: Who’s that at the door? B: It must be Jack. I thought that he (1) ……………… come round today. A: No, it (2) ……………… be Jack – he’s on holiday. Shouldn’t we open the door? It (3) ……………… be somebody important. 2
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UNIT 5 Grammar practice B:
No, I’m too tired to see anyone today. And if it wasn’t Jack, it (4) ……………… be people trying to sell something. They always come round at this time of the day.
A: B: A: B:
Who was that at the door this morning? It must have been Jack. I thought that he (5) ……………………… come round this morning. No, it (6) ……………………… been Jack – he’s on holiday. Shouldn’t we have opened the door? It (7) ……………………… been somebody important. No, I was too tired to see anyone this morning. And if it wasn’t Jack, it (8) ……………………… been people trying to sell something. They always come round at this time of the day.
Consolidation
6 Correct the errors in the sentences. One sentence is correct. We might have gone on holiday to Paris next summer. might go 1 While I have slept, it started to snow. ……………………… 2 Harry can’t speak until he was five years old. ……………………… 3 He apologized of breaking the speed limit. ……………………… 4 This is the model whose shoe broke on the catwalk. ……………………… 5 Kim had her car stealing yesterday. ……………………… 6 If I have brought my wallet, I could have bought this suit. ………………………
Writing skills: step 1 1 Read the text. Then look at sentences 1–4 underneath. In which paragraphs of the text can you find each piece of information? A Every summer, millions of us spend as much time as possible in the sunshine, not only because we enjoy the warmth, but also because we want to get a suntan. We consider tanned skin to be attractive and a sign of a healthy lifestyle. We also tend to see a tanned person as someone who has the time and money to take holidays and relax in the sunshine. 2
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UNIT 5 Grammar practice B Ironically, we consider tanned skin to be a sign of health, despite the well-known dangers of exposure to the sun. Skin cancer is one of the most common forms of cancer, and incidences of it are increasing every year. If it is caught early, it can be cured, but it is a mistake to think that you cannot die from skin cancer. In the USA alone, over 10,000 people die of the disease every year, which is almost one every hour. C Skin cancer is so easily avoidable that it is shocking how many of us develop it. If we want to enjoy hot weather, all we need to do is keep our skin covered with a hat and light clothing, apply and re-apply a protective sun cream, and avoid the hottest hours of the day, when the sun is strongest. D In general, sunshine is good for us – it makes us feel happier; it encourages us to get outside and take exercise; and it is a source of vitamin D, which keeps us strong and healthy. However, when enjoying ourselves in the sunshine, we must take the necessary precautions and put our skin’s health first. 1 People often mistakenly think that you can’t die from skin cancer. …… 2 It is easy to avoid developing skin cancer. …… 3 Having a suntan is seen as a positive thing. …… 4 There are some advantages to being in the sun. …… 2 Look at this sentence from the text and cross out the unnecessary words. If we want to enjoy hot weather, all we need to do is keep our skin covered with a hat or light clothing, apply and re-apply a protective sun cream, and avoid the hottest hours of the day, when the sun is strongest. Writing skills: step 2 3 Read the text in exercise 1 again and write down the main points.
4 Now write a summary of the text. Write 50–60 words and make sure you include the main points.
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UNIT 5 Grammar practice
1 4.15 Read the guide. Then listen to the introduction of the podcast. Which podcast are you going to listen to?
A Thursday 5 May Fashion Today We visit the fashion college that welcomes wheelchair users. B Thursday 12 May Fashion Today We find out about fashionable clothing for disabled people. C Thursday 19 May Fashion Today We discuss whether fashion is important to disabled people.
2 4.15 Read questions 1–5. Then listen to the rest of the podcast and choose the correct options. 1 What does Sadie dislike about buying clothes that were designed for disabled people? A They’re too expensive. B There isn’t much choice. C She doesn’t like the designs. 2 How has Sadie’s T-shirt been changed so that it’s easier for her to put on? 2
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UNIT 5 Grammar practice
A It has a larger opening so she can get it over her head. B It opens at the front so it’s easy for her mum to fasten. C It opens at the back so it can be put on easily. 3 What does Sadie need to do when she wears her jeans? A wear something that covers the top of her legs B wear extra clothes to keep her warm C allow extra time to put them on or take them off 4 How do the staff at Dressability measure Sadie for clothing alterations? A They can’t measure her because she lives too far away. B They visit her in her home. C She and her mum drive to the shop. 5 The dress that Sadie wore on her eighteenth birthday was … A made by a Russian designer. B made by Dressability. C bought from a shop and altered by Dressability. 3 4.15 Listen again and complete the sentences with a word or phrase from the podcast. 1 Sadie hasn’t got ……………………………… in her arms. 2 Sadie thinks that some clothes made especially for disabled people can be quite fashionable and ……………………………… . 3 Dressability is a small ……………………………… that alters clothes for disabled people. 4 Dressability is able to collect and ……………………………… clothes to people who live within 40 kilometres of the shop. 5 Dressability also makes clothes for disabled people whose bodies are unusual ……………………………… . 4 4.15 Listen again and write T (true) or F (false) for sentences 1–5. Explain your answers. 1 Sadie was able to get dressed by herself today. ........................................................................... 2 When Sadie is wearing jeans and a jumper, her jeans look exactly like an ordinary pair of jeans. ........................................................................... ........................................................................... 3 Sadie is able to wear high-street fashions with the help of Dressability. ........................................................................... ........................................................................... 4 Sadie has to visit the Dressability shop every time she wants to get some clothes altered. ........................................................................... ........................................................................... 2
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UNIT 5 Grammar practice
5 Dressability don’t work on children's clothes. ........................................................................... ...........................................................................
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