REPORTED SPEECH He said what…?
Introduction ‘I went to London last week’, She said.
She said that she had gone to London the previous week
t c e Dir ech e Sp
d e t or h p Re eec Sp
‘I went to London last week’, She said.
She said that she had gone to London the previous week
We use Direct Speech or Reported Speech when we want to repeat what someone said previously.
How to use them… Direct Speech
Reported Speech
◦ John said, ‘I am tired’.
◦ John said that he was tired.
◦ We use ‘’ when we use direct speech.
◦ There are two parts in reported Speech:
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Reporting Clause & Reported Clause John said
that he was tired
From Direct to Reported Speech Backshifting ◦ When we change from direct speech to reported speech we ‘go back’ a tense. ◦ Lisa said, ‘I am hungry’ ◦ Lisa said that she was hungry
Possessive Adjectives ◦ Jenny said, ‘My mom is working’ ◦ Jenny said that her mom was working.
Be careful! ◦ This afternoon -> that afternoon ◦ Today -> that day ◦ Now -> then ◦ A week ago -> a week before ◦ Next month -> the following month ◦ Tomorrow -> the following/next day ◦ Here -> There
Backshifting Rules ●
Direct Speech
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Direct Speech
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Present Simple
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Past Simple
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Present continuous
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Past Continuous
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Past Simple
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Present Perfect Simple
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Can Will / Would Questions
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Past Simple Or Past Perfect Past Perfect Simple Could would Whether / If
Present Simple to Past Simple ●
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Direct
Frank said, ‘I am angry’.
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Reported
Frank said that he was angry.
Present Continuous to Past Continuous ●
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Direct
Nicole said, ‘I am cooking dinner’.
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Reported
Nicole said she was cooking dinner.
Change from direct to Reported Speech Present simple and Present Continuous ◦ 1. Simon said, ‘I like to swim in the sea’. ◦ ◦ 2. David revealed, ‘James and I don’t agree’. ◦ ◦ 3. Emily confirmed, ‘I am going to the cinema tonight’. ◦ ◦ 4. Lucas pointed out, ‘Sally’s going to Paris’. ◦ ◦ 5. Ben stated, ‘My daughter plays the piano’. ◦
If we report something that is still true ●
Direct
The teacher told the students, ‘The earth is round’.
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Reported
The teacher told the students that the earth is round.
Change from direct to Reported Speech ◦ 1. James said, ‘I am a lawyer’. ◦ ◦ 2. Mom said, ‘I love you’. ◦ ◦ 3. Anne said, ‘Water boils at 100 ºC.
Past Simple to PS or Past Perfect ● ●
Direct ●
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My friend said, ‘I bought a car’ ●
Reported
My friend said that she bought a car My friend said that she had bought a car
Present Perfect Simple to Past Perfect Simple ●
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Direct
Carl said, ‘I have been to Barcelona twice’
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Reported
Carl said that he had been to Barcelona twice.
Change from direct to Reported Speech Past Simple and Present Perfect Simple ◦ 1. ‘Bill arrived on Saturday’, he said. ◦ ◦ 2. My neighbour admitted, ‘I threw my homework out the window’. ◦ ◦ 3. Laura confessed, ‘I have written 5 love letters’. ◦ ◦ 4. Tom complained, ‘George didn’t participate in this Project’. ◦ ◦ 5. George confessed, ‘I lost 100 times in Fornite’. ◦
Can ●
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Direct
Harold insisted, ‘you can come today for lunch’.
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Reported
Harold insisted that I could come that day for lunch.
Will / Would ●
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Direct
Nicole replied, ‘I will survive’. James mentioned, ‘I would spend all my money if I were rich’.
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Reported
Nicole replied that she would survive. James mentioned that he would spend all his money if he were rich.
Change from direct to Reported Speech Can, Will and Would ◦ 1. ‘I can’t take the kids with me’ Joanna said. ◦ ◦ 2. Jeff insisted, ‘I can lend you the money you need tomorrow’. ◦ ◦ 3. Carla said, ‘I will study Arts in Auckland’. ◦ ◦ 4. Leo revealed, ‘I would die for you’. ◦ ◦ 5. Melany said, ‘ I will never go to his house again’. ◦
Questions ●
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Direct
My friend asked, ‘Are you flying soon?’
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Reported
My friend asked if/whether I was flying soon.
Commands ●
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Direct
The teacher asked us, ‘Stop Laughing’.
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Reported
The teacher asked us to stop laughing.
Change from direct to Reported Speech Questions and Commands ◦ ‘You mustn't touch the screen!’, He told me ◦ ◦ 2. The kid asked me, ‘Is Prague the capital?’ ◦ ◦ 3. The lady told me ‘Don't leave your luggage unattended.’ ◦ ◦ 4. She asked me, ‘Do you speak chinese?’ ◦ ◦ 5. My mom asked me ‘Go to the supermarket’. ◦