thesis by neeraj sethi

Contents

Acknowledgements ....................................................................................................................................................

(01 )

INTRODUCTION

Introduction ...............................................................................................................................

Geographical Location .......................................................................................................

Art and culture .........................................................................................................................

Brief about the Climate ...........................................................................................................

Why this Project? ......................................................................................................................

(02) PROJECT BRIEF.

The Client’s Brief .......................................................................................................................

Aims and Objective of the Project..............................................................................................

Scope of the Project ................................................................................................................

Site Location .............................................................................................................................

(03) o o

(04)

CASE STUDY Chokhi Dhani, Jaipur. .................................................................................................................

The Bay Island Hotel, Andaman Island ..................................................................................

LITERATURE REVIEW o o

(05)

Space Activities and their Requirements................................................................................

Building Byelaws of Kerala.......................................................................................................

SITE ANALYSIS o

Site Potential. ...........................................................................................................................

On Site Factors .......................................................................................................................

Activity Zoning .........................................................................................................................

(06) CLIMATE ANALYSIS o

Wind Wheel ................................................................................................................................

Sun Path Diagram....................................................................................................................

Temperature Range ..................................................................................................................

Wind velocity Range.................................................................................................................

Illumination Range ....................................................................................................................

Weather Data Summary..........................................................................................................

(07) DESIGN METHODOLOGY o

Design Methodology..................................................................................................................

Space relationship for guest ..................................................................................................

Space relationship for Front Office ........................................................................................

Functional relationship between Spaces ..............................................................................

Illumination Range ....................................................................................................................

Weather Data Summary..........................................................................................................

(08) DESIGN CONCEPT AND DEVELOPMENT o

Space area requirement ...........................................................................................................

Conceptual Site Zoning............................................................................................................

Individual Spaces......................................................................................................................

Spiral Solaris ............................................................................................................................

Central block .............................................................................................................................

Cottages ...................................................................................................................................

Suites ........................................................................................................................................

Ayurvedic centre and Sauna ...................................................................................................

Yoga and Meditation block ......................................................................................................

Amphitheatre ...........................................................................................................................

Landscaping ..............................................................................................................................

Parking.......................................................................................................................................

Energy Consideration for Design ............................................................................................

(09) DESIGN DRAWINGS o

Site plan ....................................................................................................................................

Central block .............................................................................................................................

Suites and Sauna block ...........................................................................................................

Cottages ...................................................................................................................................

Meditation Centre and Yoga Block.........................................................................................

3 D Views ...................................................................................................................................

(10) LIST OF REFERENCES o

Bibliography ...............................................................................................................................

INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY KHARAGPUR Department of Architecture and Regional Planning

04 May 2009

I hereby recommend that the Project prepared under my supervision by Neeraj Sethi entitled “Design of Tourist Resort at Alleppey, Kerala” be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Architecture (Hons).

……………………………... Prof. Saikat Paul

……………………………... Prof.(Dr.) Arif N Merchant

Project Supervisor

Head of the Department

…………………. Approved

…………………… Approved

External Examiner – I

External Examiner – II

Tourist resort at Alleppey, Kerala.

This thesis has been submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Architecture By

Neeraj Sethi Roll No. 04AR1015

Under the guidance of Prof. S. Paul

DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE AND REGIONAL PLANNING INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY KHARAGPUR-721302 WEST BENGAL, INDIA MAY, 2009

Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION

Beach Resort at Alleppey, Kerala.

INTRODUCTION When we talk about architecture we imagine a whole new world of varied ideas, concepts, innovation, functions etc. Architecture for leisure is an entirely different ball game, and the mere mention of the word resort evokes an image

architectural

fantasy,

romantic

environments, in nature feeling, the trees, the water bodies, those small walkways for all the lazy strolls and a sense of luxury all around. In the minds of the perceiver expectation are bouncing – a dramatized façade, functional aesthetics, playful spaces, viewing decks, panoramic views and the most important thing without which entire setup has no meaning is the articulated landscaped external environment. So it is very true when we say that one of the most effective adaptations of the modern architecture to the site and the region, climate and functions are to be found among the resort and its setup. A resort is identified by the environment, particular activities which it encourages or promotes the social groups it caters to, for example, Resort town, Beach resorts, Golf resorts, Luxury resorts, Megaresort, Seaside resort, spa resort, Ski resort, Health resorts, desert resorts, cultural resorts. Resorts are usually designed in such a manner as to create outdoor spaces and optimized views to the guest rooms and public areas. It also sometimes makes use of traditional pattern of art and architecture with an emphasis of local architecture and at the same time use of high end technology and infrastructure. Role of an Architect is to move in a direction away from the constrained architecture and give direction to their creativity in design for leisure by making full use of their resources, capitalizing on the available resources on splendid site abundant in natural beauty, and taking inspiration from the traditional architectural style in terms of classical features or elements such as roof profile, wooden column, passive ways of cooling, surface texture, etc and make use of local building to make it compatible with the architectural expression of the building in a symbolic way. Beach Resort at Alleppey, Kerala.

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However great care must be taken care in developing new resorts to make sure it respects the sensitivity of their physical site, make use of traditional cultural heritage of their region and stand sound in fulfilling the requirements of different types of users. One thing should be taken care that it should be designed in such a way that it can deliver services that meets or exceeds the expectations of the guest and at the Same time proves economical in its running by making it energy efficient with the use of passive ways of cooling, building orientation, and ensuring natural ventilation.

KERALA- GOD’S OWN COUNTRY. The name Kerala has an uncertain etymology. Keralam may stem from the Classical Tamil chera-alam ("declivity of a hill or a mountain slope") or chera alam ("Land of the Cheras"). Kerala may represent an imperfect Malayalam portmanteau fusing kera ("coconut palm tree") and alam ("land" or "location").Natives of Kerala, known as Malayalis or Keralites, refer to their land as Keralam. Kerala, the land of rivers and backwaters is a green strip of land, in the South West corner of Indian peninsula. Kerala is a state with full literacy, Higher Health care and lower mortality ratio. In Kerala you experience freshness and touch of mother earth everywhere. No wonder Keralites call their State "God's Own Country". The backwaters of Kerala are unique attraction to tourists. The biggest among these backwaters is the Vembanad lake, with an area of 200 sq km, which opens out into the Arabian Sea at Cochin port. Backwaters, historical structures, culture, wildlife, and natural beauty, the state has all these and more. The major tourist destinations in the State include Thiruvananthapuram, Kochi, Kovalam, Thrissur, Kozhikode, Munnar, Palakkad, Alappuzha (Alleppy), Kollam, Kannur, Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary, and Sabrimalai.

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GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION Geographical Kerala is located in the southwestern tip of the Indian peninsula and extends between the latitude 10°00 North and longitude 76°25 East. Kerala is bound by the Arabian Sea on the west, Karnataka on the North and Northeast, and Tamil Nadu on the east. The Malabar Coast of India is the site of Kerala location. Geographical Kerala is a part of the coastal belt with the hill ranges known as the Western Ghats running along the length of Kerala. Rain bearing clouds of the South west monsoon bring heavy rainfall to geographical Kerala during the months May to September. Tropical rainfall occurs often during the year. Geographical Kerala is a tropical region, with weather being pleasant for most of the year. Humidity increases during the monsoon season. Kerala location gives it its unique climatic and geographic features. Kerala has a coastal belt with sandy beaches and palm lined shores. The seaside Kerala’s location makes it a pleasant holiday destination, with sunny beaches and serene backwaters. The hill ranges of Kerala have hill stations, wildlife sanctuaries, tea estates and spice plantations. Geographical Kerala exhibits diversity in climate within the compact Kerala location on the Malabar Coast of India.

ART AND CULTURE Kerala also known as the 'God in God's Own Country' boast of physical and natural attributes that attract a lot of tourists every year from India as well as abroad. Besides the physical beauty, Kerala has a rich cultural heritage, which fascinates the tourists a lot. The art and culture of Kerala portrays various dance forms and martial arts performed with the accompaniment of vocal and instrumental music. All these art forms are performed during some celebration or festivity. Bharata Natyam is the oldest form of classical dance in India. Origin of this style of dance can be traced to the Natya Sastra written around 4000 BC by sage Bharatha. Known as the 'Poetry in Motion', this dance form was originally known as 'dasi attam,' a temple dance performed by young women called 'devadasis.' Bharata Natyam is most commonly performed by women Beach Resort at Alleppey, Kerala.

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rarely by men. Strict guidelines are laid down describing every single aspect of the dance form including the attributes required to be an accomplished dancer. Chakyarkoothu, also called koothu, is one of the oldest classical theatre arts of Kerala. It is a solo dance is usually performed in the koothambalam of temples to the accompaniment of the mizhavu and elathalam. The performance starts with the invocation of the presiding deity of the temple. The narration of the story, generally picked from the Epics, is portrayed with the thandava dance movements, gestures and facial expression according to the guidelines given in the Natya Sastra. Koothu is marked for the presence of comic element, which adds to its dramatic character. The costume worn during the performance is colorful and unconventional with an unusual headgear. Kathakakli is the classical dance drama of Kerala based on the guidelines laid in the Natya Sastra. This elaborate art form is usually begins in the evenings and continues till dawn. It is an inherent part of all temple and cultural festivals in Kerala. The costumes and makeup are ornamental, colorful and elaborate so that the gestures and expressions of the performer are easily seen and understood. The performers do not speak or sing but enact the story through hand gestures, graceful body movements and facial expressions especially of the eyes. The themes of this dance form are from rich and vibrant mythology of Indian culture. Music is an essential feature of Kathakali and two vocalists are there who sing to the beats of a Chengila (gong), Elathalam (small cymbals), Chenda and Maddalam. Mohiniyattam is a classical solo dance style, which is a blend of the grace and elegance of Bharata Natyam with the strength and force of Kathakali to build a mood of sringara or romance. The dance is usually performed on specially made stages during the temple festivals. The costume for the dance is the traditional white mundu and melmundu of Kerala and with the hairs gathered up at one side of the head and adorned with jasmine flowers in the traditional style. Kalampattu or Kalamezhuthu Pattu is a folk art form that is practiced in the northern parts of Kerala. More than 600 years old art form, it is performed by a group of five to fifteen people in the Bhadrakali and Ayyappa temples. The ritual is performed around the Kolam, which is an elaborate picture usually of Bhadrakali drawn on the floor with the use five colors. The dance is performed in the light of temple torches Beach Resort at Alleppey, Kerala.

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continue all through the night. A series of songs or kalampattu are sung to the accompaniment of nanthuni and elathalams. Kaliyoottu is an eight daylong folk ritual, which depicts the combat between goddess Durga and the demon Darika. The ritual is performed at various stages and the climax of the play is called Paranettu. This ritual is performed on a specially constructed 100 feet high stage on the eighth day. Kavadiyattam is a ritualistic dance form performed by a group of devotees wearing bright yellow or saffron costumes with ash smeared all over the body. The dance depicts Kavads carrying kavadis on their shoulders. The beats of instruments like udukku and chenda and the nadaswaram are integral part of the kavadi procession. It is usually performed in the Subramanya temples. Kalaripayattu is the complete system of martial arts of Kerala. It is considered as one of the oldest and most scientific martial arts in the world. The training of Kalaripayattu aims at the perfect co-ordination of body and mind and the trad

itional

training

Kalari

include

specialization in the indigenous medical practices too. Kalaris are also centers of religious worship. Velkali is one of the most detailed and dramatic martial folk arts of Kerala and is usually performed within the temple premises. It is called thirumumbil vela when performed before the deity and kulathilvela when performed near the temple pond. Fifty or more performers dressed in the traditional attire of soldiers, bearing colorful shields and swords or long canes, dance in war like rhythm in perfect beat of the thakil, suddha maddalam, elathalam, kuzhal and trumpets. A few fighting techniques of Kalaripayattu are also presented in the course of the performance.

BRIEF ABOUT THE CLIMATE Kerala has tropical Climate and remains pleasant for most of the year. A few fast facts about the climate are that Kerala does not have a dry spell as is in rest of India. It is summer time from April to June. The maximum temperature Beach Resort at Alleppey, Kerala.

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remains around 33 degrees centigrade. The South West Monsoon touches the state in June and remains till September however not much difference in temperature can be felt, though humidity increases and rainfall can last for a couple of days at a stretch. Winter is from October to January and temperature drops a bit.

BRIEF ABOUT THE TEMPERATURE. The maximum temperature in Kerala rarely rises above 32 degrees while minimum temperature at sea level does not go below 20 degree centigrade. The weather is never too chilly in Kerala. Average temp is about 30 - 35 throughout the year.

WHY THIS PROJECT? With the increase in tourist flux in different parts of Kerala and specially Alleppey which in reality lacks destinations to support tourism demand. Kerala tourism development corporation or KTDC wanted to come up a landmark destination which itself can be a part of tourism and helps in this regards. The project provides a lot of scope for site planning and landscaping. A resort gives an equal importance to outdoor spaces as the interiors. The project provides an outlet to study the local architecture: an exercise in the evolution of an architectural vocabulary which takes the inspiration from the local and architecture, keeping in mind of the climatic factors, behavioral pattern and the user attitude. It also provides the opportunity to study the local culture and heritage. A resort demands the formulation of an ambience which can provide people to relax and leisurely spend their time , at the same time satisfying all their functional needs. Thus, this project gives the opportunity to deal with the visual, behavioral, technical, and functional aspect of the design. With the increase in level of income and dual income in the family, people are frequently enjoying vacations and seeking of some quality spaces around which Alapuzzha lacks. Also anyone going for tour of Kerala, either starts or end his journey in Alleppey so duration of time spend is more as compare to other places. Beach Resort at Alleppey, Kerala.

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Chapter 2

PROJECT BRIEF.

Beach Resort at Alleppey, Kerala.

PROJECT BRIFF THE CLIENT’S BRIEF. To promote tourism in “God’s Own Land”, the Kerala tourism development corporation or KTDC starting a chain orhotels and resorts in all the prime tourist destinations (Allepey, Kottayam, Kannur, Thisaaur, Munnar, Kumarakom, Kovalam, ….. and many more. The client brief was to design a resort which can attaract people as a holiday and business meeting destination and yet promote Kerala’s rich and diverse culture heritage. Further it was desired that the proposed beach resort should maximize the resident’s exposure to nature by incorporating it in the architectural proposal. A spacious lobby with a reception area, with a display area to exhibition of local art and crafts. One restaurant with bar, a specialty restaurant serving seafood cuisine. Recreational areas like swimming pool, meditation centre, yoga room, multi gym, aerobics, games rooms to be integrated intelligently in the design. Meeting rooms and banquet hall with some spill over space into garden. Designing of Back-of-house area for activities of kitchen area, employees area, laundry, and housekeeping. Parking for visitors, and for business class people. Uniqueness in design and infusion of elements of vernacular architecture of Kerala in the design of Cottages. It can deliver services that meets or exceeds the expectations of the guest and at the same time proves economical in its running by making it energy efficient with the use of passive ways of cooling, building orientation, and ensuring natural ventilation.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT. To promote local culture, heritage and architecture through careful design. To create spaces which can suffice all needs related to leisure and tourism. Comfortable Cottages which portrays an environment of leisure and promotes interaction with nature. Cost effective and functional design.

Beach Resort at Alleppey, Kerala.

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The spaces and design should relate to human scale and shall not be imposing to the residents. Places which can serve for dual purpose like having vacations on business tours.

SCOPE OF THE PROJECT Data collection on spaces essential in resort- area requirement and other conditions. To study the architecture prevalent in Kerala and its local character and characteristic elements of design. Site planning with special emphasis on the design on outdoor spaces land and water interface. Providing design solution considering the building functions and its relation with the climate and environment. Detailing of individual buildings. The feasibility of the project is not in the scope. Cost analysis and management is also out of the scope of this project. 3D forms of individual buildings. Furniture layout of the cottage rooms.

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SITE LOCATION

Site is located in CCSB road on one side and national highway 47, near Alleppey watch tower. It is at a distance of 5 km from railway station.

LANDMARKS IN VICINITY. Vijay Park on North West side of the site. Alleppey’s light tower is on East side of the site on CCBC road. National highway 47 is on west side of site. An old warehouse is on southwest side of the site. An old railway track is passing from the east side of the site.

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Chapter 3

CASE STUDY.

Beach Resort at Alleppey, Kerala.

CASE STUDY

CHOKI DHANI JAIPUR

The site is on the outskirts of Jaipur, 22 km from Jaipur railway station along Tonk road (National Highway no 12). It covers an area of eighteen acres, of which 5 acres of land is earmarked for future projects. It has been divided into two parts: the first is meant for the resort (for tourist stay) while the other caters to the needs of day to day visitors. This project was conceived by Prof Chinmay Mehta, an artist-designer and also the deam , faculty of fine arts, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur. He made three dimensional sketches in lieu of the architectural drawings, plans, etc, to visualize the idea.

CONCEPTUAL SKETCH

VIEW AFTER EXECUTION.

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The resort consists of about 30 hut shaped house while Eight rooms of the nearby Shekhawati haveli have modern facilities. The reception hall (kotari) has a mud plastered floor and bamboo – net ceiling with paintings. Mandali or the conference hall has elegantly carved munshiji desks, mattresses and masnads (round cylindrical pillows). The banquet hall (sajjan goth) can accommodate hundred persons at a time for a casual group meal or a formal feast. Slightly descending from ground level is a square shaped cocktail bar (bakhari) with its machan on the second floor. It has four decorated underground spaces made of wood and bamboo. A traditional kund- a large rectangular shaped pool with umbrellas at the corners serves as a swimming pool. There is also a health club. A cluster of huts encircle the centrally erected restaurant and a banquet hall, with streets on both sides leading towards the haveli. The open space near the kund becomes a dinning space for parties. Adjacent to the ‘Ganesh’ temple is the kabootarkhana (pigeon house) where pigeons assemble in thousands. The other part meant for day to day visitors, consists of a large octagonal hut (sangria) attached to the, sangari. Is the spacious kitchen where Rajasthan cooks prepare food in the traditional style. The open field overlooking the sangari has a chaupal – a congregational area, on one side and a museum

( ajaebghar ) on the

other .in the evening the whole village is illuminated with about 2000 lanterns . A village fair is organized daily with different entertainers who give a variety of performances.

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ADMINISTRATIVE BLOCK

SECTION NOHRA

PLAN CIRCULAR HUT.

PLAN RECEPTION

PLAN NOHRA

ELEVATION CIRCULAR HUT

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PLAN RECANGULAR HUT.

ELEVATION RECTANGULAR HUT

The foundations have been generally filled with stones and walls built with stone or brick. The straight lines of the walls have been broken and rounded before a thin plaster of cement is put and then treated with a combination of mud, cowdung and husk by the village women from the neighboring areas. The roofs, wherever air conditioning was not planned have been erected with iron pipes and purlins which are covered with bamboo net and terracotta tiles(keloos), brought from different parts of the region . In the resorts, the hut roofs are sloping with cement concrete RCC work covered with terracotta tiles or thatch. The hut structures are provided with windows and door at times with aaliyas covered with built in spaces for deepaks (terracotta lamps)in different shapes. The walls are decorated with relief murals , created with brick motifs and relief work designed with thick cement plaster in tempera , mainly with clay colours -geru( indian red), pilli mithi (ochre) and shaped mitti (white clay) . The layout design has village temples, devaras, brick jalis and wooden enclosures. Bamboos have been used extensively to integrate one structure with another thus creating harmony. The architects have utilized local materials and manpower for the construction.

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BANQUET HALL.

VIEW OF BANQUET HALL

BAY ISLAND HOTEL, ANDAMAN ISLAND. Port Blair, with its deep-blue water harbour is the main town of the Andaman Islands which lie to the south-west of Rangoon in the Bay of Bengal. The islands are inhabited by a number of different tribes, many of whom have had little contact with the outside world. The Andamans are a world of primordial beauty, of whales and robber crabs; a throwback to the time and voyages of Charles Darwin. The site for the hotel slopes down to the sea from which there is a prevailing breeze. In many parts of India one finds structures which are extraordinarily inventive in their response to prevailing breezes and light. For instance, in the one-thousand year old Pad-manabhapuram Palace, built in the hot-humid climate of Southern India, the royal pavilion floor is built as a stepped pyramid covered by a tiled pitched roof. This configuration has two advantages; it does not need any enclosing walls to keep out the sun and rain, and from within the pavilion the line of vision is both unobstructed and deflected downwards to the cool grass around the building. This principle helped generate the design of the Bay Island Hotel. Built up of a series of spaces which overlook grassy land and the sea, the buildings are arranged around courtyards connected by covered corridors. The public areas form a series of decks, cascading down the hill, protected from sun and rain by the large overhanging roofs — a major feature of the Beach Resort at Alleppey, Kerala.

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scheme. The roofs are constructed of a local redwood known as padauk. The guest rooms are in clusters of twelve arranged in an L-shape on two levels, giving each room a view of the waters. The lightweight furnishings with their playful imagery were designed by the architects. The murals were executed by Bhiwandkar, the film-poster painter who was also responsible for the paintings in the Cidade de Goa project. The hotel can accommodate a total of 100 guests in 50 rooms with space for expansion. The project was commissioned by Mr. Caseem Jadwet and the Indian Tourism Corporation (ITC) in 1979 and construction completed in 1982.

PLANS

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SECTION

VIEWS

Guest room arranged around walkway.

Stairs to guest room.

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Entrance to guest room Zone.

Viewing decks for public overhanging

the water.

View from the east.

View from Sundeck.

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Chapter 4

LITERATURE REVIEW.

Beach Resort at Alleppey, Kerala.

LITERATURE REVIEW SPACE ACTIVITIES AND THEIR REQUIRMENTS. INTRODUCTION The purpose of the literature review is to determine the activities of the user groups, their relationships with, and important characteristics of, a convention center hotel or resort facility. The analysis will focus on two basic user groups; the guest and employee staff. It will further examine human behavior within the activities, thus establishing the needs for each space requirement containing such activities. The hotel/resort should accommodate a wide variety of users. The hotel facility should accommodate the guest. Guests may consist of the tourists (which includes the family as well) and conventioneers equally. The hotel will cater to the conventioning guest. The emphasis is that separate activities should co-exist without interfering with another, therefore the activities should be well synchronized. Specific activity descriptions are analyzed separately according to three primary categories; Primary activities, Secondary activities, and Requirements to fulfill activities. The user group objectives identify the primary objectives the user is striving to achieve while being a participant in a specific activity. The related activities identify other activities that may occur simultaneously and are considered secondary to the primary activity. The requirements specifications identify key issues which the designer should be aware of in planning and designing spaces for a particular activity and convention hotel facility. The following pages will contain the specific activity analysis which are listed in order of the participants utilization. These activities will be listed as "Front of the House" and "Back of the House" activities. FRONT OF THE HOUSE PRIMARY ACTIVITY A~ARRIVAL-DEPARTURE/OUTDOOR This activity is considered to be a public activity. Guests expect assistance with their transportation and luggage upon arrival at larger hotel facilities. This procedure must take a minimum amount of time to complete for the guest's convenience. Providing quality service to the guest is the hotel's main objective. Transportation and luggage retrieval assistance are necessary in providing service to guests. Certain impressions and opinions about the type of hotel may be implied as one arrives at the Hotel’s

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LITERATURE REVIEW entrance. SECONDARY ACTIVITIES 1. Hotel guests release the responsibility of securing and parking the vehicle to hotel employees (such as Valet). 2. Hotel guests are assisted with their luggage by hotel employees (such as doormen and porters). ACTIVITY REQUIREMENTS Something more protective than a canopy is needed to provide shelter from the wind and rain and heat, thus a protected entry to the hotel should be provided. Adequate space should be provided for guest assistance. Also, provisions should be made for the loading and passage of 2 to 3 vehicles. The use of curbs should be minimized at the entrance to allow for maximum ease in walking or transport of luggage. Special lighting may be required to accentuate the entrance. The space should be easily accessible to the indoor reception activities, vertical circulation areas, and within close proximity (visual/physical) to parking areas. PRIMARY ACTIVITY B—ARRIVAL/INDOOR This activity is considered to be a semi-public activity. Upon entering the hotel facility the guests may register, provide credit, pay the cashier, receive their key, receive their mail, or make any arrangements necessary for future accommodations. After completion of registration procedures, guests may require hotel staff assistance with baggage and accessories to guest accommodations. Again, the guest's impressions and opinions may be associated by the environment they enter and the service they receive. SECONDARY ACTIVITIES •

Registration (as required).

•

Payment of services.

•

Receive keys, mail, or messages.

•

Bellman assistance with luggage.

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LITERATURE REVIEW ACTIVITY REQUIREMENTS Indoor arrival activities and guest assistance activities should be in close proximity to the hotels arrival/entry, because the reception area is used not only to register, but as a passageway to circulation paths and other activity areas of the hotel as well as an information center. All public entrances must be accessible to disabled persons. Adequate space should be provided for registration, bellman assistance, or any other simultaneous activities which may occur. Good supervision and control by the reception staff should be provided. Additional space should be provided for registration, both present and future, cashiering, or mail/message service. Indoor activities should provide adjacent waiting, and lounging activities including dining and recreation. PRIMARY ACTIVITY C—GUEST ACCOMMODATIONS This activity is considered to be a private activity. The most important part of a hotel, and the one most likely for a guest to decide whether to return, is bedroom accommodation. The comfort and quietness, the efficiency of the room service and how much the guest feels at home will be crucial to the hotels reputation. The regulation of the guest's privacy is responsive to ones own needs and circumstances. Different levels of privacy are required by different people, thus the hotel needs to provide for each individuals need for privacy. SECONDARY ACTIVITIES •

Relaxation/Lounging

•

Dressing

•

Sleeping

•

Personal hygiene

•

Interpersonal gatherings/Meetings

•

Dining

ACTIVITY REQUIREMENTS Because the guest accommodations may determine whether or not a guest returns, an aesthetically pleasing, as well as a secure, environment must be provided. Adequate space should be allowed for sleeping, dressing, personal hygiene, and interpersonal gatherings. The suites in the hotel contain bedrooms which can be separated for

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LITERATURE REVIEW individual use. Since guest rooms serve daytime business purposes, they were planned to function as living rooms. Outdoor views should also be provided so guests do not feel confined. In El Paso, a view of the beautiful Franklin Mountains to the north, and the downtown core and plaza areas to the south, would provide the guests with that openness. Other activity areas which should be in close proximity to housing include entry, waiting, vertical circulation, dining,

recreation, and additional hotel-related

activities (public-private). PRIMARY ACTIVITY D~DINING This activity is considered to be a semi-public activity. The hotel facility must provide for the guests' physical needs, including ones food. It is established and regulated at semi-private levels. Some successful caterers and hoteliers recognize the fact that interior design is the main component, and is the most important element in enjoyment of a meal, closely followed by the sensitivity and skill of service. Customer acceptance of standard foods or drinks will vary enormously with variations in these two elements. Also a choice of atmosphere, menu, and service within an establishment generates more custom. Activities occurring simultaneously with dining include social/business conversation and relaxation. SECONDARY ACTIVITIES •

Dining

•

Socializing/gatherings

•

Relaxation

•

Business conversations

ACTIVITY REQUIREMENTS Dining is a practical activity as well as a revenue-raising activity in a hotel. The hotel facility needs both leisurely and fast-food type dining. These two types of spaces would be separated, and be required to serve several meals each day. Additionally, the areas should enhance the dining experience, encouraging social interaction and relaxation, with use of lighting and special decor. The dining room is usually open to nonresidents so there should be a convenient entrance from outside the hotel in addition to direct

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LITERATURE REVIEW access for resident guests. In addition, most larger hotels have several dining rooms which may be strategically placed on different floor levels throughout the hotel facility, including general restaurants, specialty restaurants, and buffet bars. Dining activities would also be provided, including convention and banquet dining. In each case, the dining room requires adjacent proximity to the food preparation, and close proximity to service and waiting areas. PRIMARY ACTIVITY E—ENTERTAINMENT This activity is considered to be a semi-public activity. The activity is mainly a social activity, and one that will involve social contact between participants. Participants may include conventioneers and hotel guests, as well as local residents. The entertainment area may be used for interpersonal gatherings or in preparation for additional activities. SECONDARY ACTIVITIES •

Drinking

•

Relaxing

•

Light Dining

•

Dancing

•

Socializing

•

Game Entertainment

ACTIVITY REQUIREMENTS It is important to consider the contribution of aesthetic quality to the housed activity. Atmosphere in the area should be conducive to the activities such as drinking, relaxing, dancing, socializing, etc. The hotel must provide a conducive aesthetic quality, inviting participants, creating a revenue-raising area for the facility. Adequate space is needed to allow for the entertainment activities, as well as preparation and serving of drinks or limited foods. Ballroom facilities may be provided to allow for professional entertainment. Easy and direct access to these areas is very important. The areas should be in close proximity to circulation paths, and additional entrances should be provided to allow for public access. Noise levels should not interfere with adjacent and simultaneous activities in the hotel.

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LITERATURE REVIEW

PRIMARY ACTIVITY F—CONVENTIONS This activity can be classified as semi-private to semi-public. Hotels perform a service of major value for their communities by providing public meeting rooms. Because of the public space provided, local as well as general activities can take place in communities that otherwise would not be able to accommodate them. Therefore, a principal location for conventions is the hotel. Attended by a large number of guests, conventions include such varied activities as meetings, lectures, entertainment, social events, presentations, displays, and special dining events. SECONDARY ACTIVITIES •

Pre-convention assembly

•

Meetings and conferences (large or small)

•

Banquet dining

•

Lectures and presentations

•

Display events

•

Charity affairs

ACTIVITY REQUIREMENTS The hotel must reflect a design that will allow many varied activities, often associated with the convention areas, to coexist: while interference of one with another is minimal to none. The building must provide spaces that may be utilized for varied simultaneous activities or allow enough flexibility for transformation of the same spaces to revert its multi-use into the most money. These spaces must be acoustically sound as to provide an efficient dispersement of sound, yet controlling/minimizing additional sound transmission to adjacent activities. This is of primary concern since lectures and audio-visual activities often occur. These areas need to be in close proximity to preconvention waiting areas, entry area, and immediately adjacent to centrally located convention service areas (such as banquet and food preparation areas).

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LITERATURE REVIEW PRIMARY ACTIVITY G—RECREATION In todays society the consciousness of good health has become a major concern in most people's everyday lives, including dieting, exercise programs, and a general knowledge of physical fitness.^^ In larger hotels, areas have been provided for guests to recreate, relax, or lounge for the purpose of their own good health. Use of outdoor recreational activities will allow hotel guests to view the surrounding mountains and streetscapes. Hotel guests may wish to spend their leisure time during their stay participating in recreational activities. SECONDARY ACTIVITIES •

Indoor recreation o Swimming

o Raquetball

o Shuffleboard

o Aerobics/Weight rooms

•

o Sauna/Hot-tub/Whirlpools Outdoor recreation o Tennis

o Swimming

o Jogging/Walking paths

•

Personal hygiene

•

Dressing

•

Lounging/Observation

ACTIVITY REQUIREMENTS Recreational area access should be restricted to visitors of the hotel, but should be easily obtainable to hotel guests throughout their stay. The hotel recreational design should allow for maximum participation of hotel guests, while providing additional storage facilities for equipment. Provisions must be made to minimize sound transmission from recreational mechanical spaces as not to disrupt hotel recreational activities. The hotel should provide personal hygiene and dressing areas for participants. These areas should be in close proximity to recreational activities, as well as to guest accommodations.

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LITERATURE REVIEW PRIMARY ACTIVITY H—RETAIL This activity is considered to be a semi-public activity. The success of the hotel's public facilities depends partly on the success of retail activities. SECONDARY ACTIVITIES •

Displays

•

Shopping

•

Leisurely walking

•

Social Interaction

ACTIVITY REQUIREMENTS Adequate space is essential for the sale of merchandise and the circulation of people, and must be easily accessible to those from the hotel. Close proximity to the hotel's entrance as well as adjacent waiting areas should be provided. Security must be maintained through a visual and territorial means. The areas should not interfere with other activities and functions in the hotel. As in previous case study research it may be noted that hotels were designed for people. The retail areas were designed for hotel guests as well as the public. Also noteworthy is the fact in each hotel the retail spaces provided were to be separate so as not to allow obstruction of hotel functions. PRIMARY ACTIVITY I—WAITING This activity is primarily to be a semi-public activity. Satisfaction and comfort of hotel guests depends partly on strategically located waiting areas in the hotel, regardless of the hotel's size. These areas need to be in close proximity to convention activities, as well as circulation paths. Convention center hotels will require large waiting/lobby areas because there is a constant gathering of conventioneers before they go off to lectures, seminars, meetings, luncheons, and dinners. These areas allow for transition between one activity to another. SECONDARY ACTIVITIES •

Waiting

•

Gathering/Socializing

•

Reading

•

Observation of others Beach Resort at Alleppey, Kerala.

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LITERATURE REVIEW ACTIVITY REQUIREMENTS Hotel as well as convention guests may form impressions due to the atmosphere in the waiting areas. "This space, more than any other, will create the first and usually the most lasting impression. Furnishings, color, finishing materials, lighting, and decor must create the proper ambience regardless of whether the hotel is large or small " Although the waiting areas must be sufficient for heavy traffic and gathering of large numbers of people, several areas for privacy and intimacy must be provided.

BACK OF THE HOUSE PRIMARY ACTIVITY J—ADMINISTRATION/MANAGEMENT This activity is considered to be semi-public to semi-private. While these activities are related directly to guest activities, this activity is primarily separate from guest contact. The success of a hotel facility is critically affected by efficient administration. The administration/management is the nerve center to public and private activities. Administration and management provides service on a daily basis. The administration deals with guests as well as hotel customers arranging for conventions and banquets. The administration, while providing service on a daily basis, takes and gives information which causes the hotel to run tranquilly and efficiently. As a result, the administration's main objective is providing guest satisfaction. SECONDARY ACTIVITIES •

Information exchange

•

Security (of Administration and Hotel Facility)

•

Credit

•

Auditing

•

Accounting

•

Payroll

•

Personnel

•

Filing

•

Reservations (present/future)

•

Sales/Service

•

Communications

•

Typing Beach Resort at Alleppey, Kerala.

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LITERATURE REVIEW

ACTIVITY REQUIREMENTS Because many of the people in administration deal with the guests, accessibility to the public is of utmost importance. The area itself should be inaccessible to the main public so as not to disrupt hotel operations and management. Service should be provided only at the registration desk, unless otherwise applicable. Because administration works closely with management offices and other back-of-the-house areas, good communication and close proximity to these areas is vital. An aesthetically pleasing work environment should be provided for maximum efficiency in workloads. PRIMARY ACTIVITY K-FOOD SERVICE This is considered a semi-private activity. Concerned essentially with relation to food and drink, this activity includes such general functions as preparation, service, receiving, storage, ware-washing, and waste disposal. The chefs', waiters', and waitresses' skills are among the most important in food preparation and service. In addition to the standard menus provided at the hotel, often specialized cuisines are offered (such as Italian, Mexican, or Polynesian food). SECONDARY ACTIVITIES •

Food Preparation

•

Food Cooking

•

Food Serving

•

Food Receiving and Storage (cold/dry)

•

Ware-washing

•

Equipment Cleaning/Maintenance

ACTIVITY REQUIREMENTS The food service areas should be in very close proximity to dining and banquet areas. This insures quick service to the hotel/convention guests. Food service areas should have sufficient space for employees to work simultaneously, storage for foodstuffs, space for equipment needed, and surface areas for working. The activities are separate, but should work together cohesively. Food service areas should not be accessible to guests, but only to employees, service, and receiving areas. Adequate consideration should be given to the necessity of the efficient cleanup of the food Beach Resort at Alleppey, Kerala.

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LITERATURE REVIEW

preparation areas for health and safety. In addition, the design many allow for strategically located dining facilities and should provide for adequate employee circulation to these facilities, as well as immediate adjacencies to main food preparation areas. PRIMARY ACTIVITY L~HOUSEKEEPING This activity area is a semi-private activity. A hotel's good reputation relies on its high standards of excellent housekeeping. From the point in time a guest enters the hotel, one's observations are directed to the neatness and cleanliness of such a hotel, from the lobby to his room, and may determine whether or not one decides to return. Housekeeping includes upkeep of guest accommodations, lobbies, additional public areas, and corridors. Housekeeping services are carried out by staff employees to assure the guests' comfort. SECONDARY ACTIVITIES •

Cleaning all guest rooms

•

Serving all guest rooms (towels, soap, linens, glasses, etc.)

•

Servicing and cleaning all public areas

ACTIVITY REQUIREMENTS Without provisions for adequate space for housekeeping services in hotel could not be maintained. Among these provisions, the staff must have the needed space for linens, cleaning supplies, and cleaning equipment. The good management of the facility would demand that these areas be located throughout the hotel. Also, guests should have no access to these areas, while laundry, maintenance, or storage should be in close proximity. Service circulation paths must be provided (vertically or horizontally). Employee lounging, meeting, restroom, and locker room areas should also be incorporated into the hotel's design. PRIMARY ACTIVITY M~LAUNDRY This activity is considered to be a private activity. Occurring seven days each week, laundry activities deal with the handling of machine washable items such as towels, linens, tablecloths, and napkins which may require washing and drying. Most larger Beach Resort at Alleppey, Kerala.

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LITERATURE REVIEW

hotels provide their own laundry service for cost control and quality control. Upon occasion, a limited amount of guest laundry may be undertaken. SECONDARY ACTIVITIES •

Washing and drying of hotel laundry

•

Ironing/Pressing

•

Folding of hotel laundry

•

Laundering of guest apparel

ACTIVITY REQUIREMENTS Because of the necessary equipment required to operate and facilitate laundry operations, an efficient amount of space must be provided. Adequate work space should also be included. Storage areas and housekeeping should be in close proximity to allow for ease of service and transport of laundered items. Additionally, the laundry area should be accessible only to employees, not to guests. PRIMARY ACTIVITY N—MAINTENANCE This activity is considered to be a private activity. To insure a hotel’s smooth operation maintenance areas must be provided. A well planned maintenance area will provide a maintenance shop to service furniture, fixtures, or other items in the hotel which may need repair. Often, repairs need immediate attention so that they do not impose on the guests comfort. If the hotel provides an efficient maintenance activity service, costs for repair would be quite low to what the staggering cost of new items would be. SECONDARY ACTIVITIES •

General repairs

•

Maintenance/Repair of environmental systems control (HVAC,

•

electrical, plumbing)

•

Furniture repair

•

Painting

•

Fabrication Beach Resort at Alleppey, Kerala.

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LITERATURE REVIEW

ACTIVITY REQUIREMENTS Because of the large variety of general maintenance requirements, a sufficient amount of space must be provided to include work space, storage area for tools and equipment, and space for the proper maintenance activities to be carried out. Clear and adjacent proximity to receiving activities is essential for the ease in transport of equipment and materials, but should remain visibly and physically secluded to public activities. PRIMARY ACTIVITY O—SECURITY Hotel facility security, involved at each individual level, deals with public and private sectors of activities occurring in the hotel. The primary role of security is aiding management in the upholding of security policies and procedures. Guests as well as employees require protection of property regardless of the hotel's size. Along with personal property, security also includes fire protection and life safety. The structure itself contains security features to guard against fire (such as fire insulation and sprinkler systems), and likewise the structure is built for personal security and other threats (example: high winds). The security of the hotel facility gives guests and employees confidence to be in such a facility. SECONDARY ACTIVITIES •

Security Management

•

Safeguard assets, both real and personal, as well as

•

participants of the facility.

•

Prevention of employee misconduct

•

Secure credit transactions

ACTIVITY REQUIREMENTS It is important that the hotel facility have security incorporated into its design. In such a design, hotel security space should be allotted. Appropriate means of transition from the spaces should maximize quick departure from the hotel in case of emergency. In addition, the design should minimize obstructions of vision about the exit paths. This would allow for clear passage.

Areas requiring the highest need for

security should be located where personnel have good visual access, or where admission is severely restricted. Beach Resort at Alleppey, Kerala.

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LITERATURE REVIEW

PRIMARY ACTIVITY P~RECEIVING This is considered a semi-private to private activity. Everything that a guest expects and gets is a result of what takes place at the back of the house. Back of the house services begin when merchandise, service materials, and foodstuffs enter the facility through the receiving area. The activity of receiving deals with the incoming and outgoing of supplies and materials for the facility's operation. The receiving area also encompasses storage of materials until they can be properly distributed throughout the facility. SECONDARY ACTIVITY •

Receiving of supplies

•

Storage of supplies

•

Distribution of supplies to additional "Back of the House"

•

Activities.

ACTIVITY REQUIREMENTS Adequate loading dock area should be available for service vehicles, with adequate provisions made for turning, and unloading/ loading. The receiving area should have the available space to accept goods delivered daily to the hotel facility. In addition, holdover storage area should be allotted for merchandise that can not be immediately distributed. Activities occurring in receiving require close proximity to food preparation and storage areas. Also, each additional back-of-the-house activity such as administration, housekeeping, and maintenance shops should be within close proximityAs in other back-of-the-house areas, activities should be inaccessible, both physically and visually, to guests. PRIMARY ACTIVITY Q—PARKING This activity is considered to be a public to semi-public activity. The common activity among all hotels, large or small, is traffic and parking. Simultaneous user group arrivals and other activities are a determinant in traffic and parking problems at a hotel. The activity of parking proceeds the activity of outdoor arrival.

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LITERATURE REVIEW

SECONDARY ACTIVITIES •

Hotel/guest parking

•

Convention parking

•

Short term/Long term parking

•

Handicapped parking

•

Employee parking

•

Parking for service vehicles

ACTIVITY REQUIREMENTS A sufficient amount of space is needed to provide adequate parking for all user groups mentioned in secondary activities. Adequate space for short/long term parking needs should be provided at the main entry for loading/unloading. Accordingly, adequate space for the handicapped should be provided and easily accessible. Adjacency of parking lots is not required, but all parking areas and main entrances to the hotel should have direct access to each other. Parking activities need to provide for adequate circulation throughout sub-grade level changes. This minimizes large asphalt surface areas at grade levels and minimizes distances between the facility and parking, while providing additional green spaces The design should allow for parking locations such that security surveillance can be maximized by hotel staff/security, Service entries should be accessible for employee parking. Circulation paths throughout the parking areas should be clearly designated and appropriate signage marked.

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LITERATURE REVIEW

BUILDING BYELAWS CATEGORY - RESIDENTIAL BUILDING (Resort Alapuzzha (Alleppey), Kerala, India) refers to any building in which sleeping accommodation is provided for normal residential purposes with or without cooking or dining or both facilities except any building classified as Institutional Building. Lodging or rooming houses, one or twofamily private dwellings, dormitories, apartment houses (flats) and hotels (including starred hotels) shall be placed in this category. Control of Development along Rivers and in Coastal Regulation Zone •

CRZ Authorities, are prohibited within 150m on both sides of rivers and backwaters.

•

No attempt shall be made to alter the natural course of a stream or a river.

•

Covered Area means area covered by building / buildings immediately above the plinth level, but does not include the space covered by;

•

Garden, rocky area, well and well structures, plant, nursery, water pool,

•

Swimming pool (if uncovered) platform around a tree, tank, fountain, bench with

•

open top and unenclosed sides by walls and the like;

•

Drainage, culvert, conduit, catch-pit, gully-pit, chamber gutter and the like;

•

Compound or boundary wall, gate, un-storied porch and portico, Chajja, slide,

•

Swing, uncovered staircase, watchman booth, pump house. The area covered by

•

Watchman booth / pump house shall not exceed three square meters;

•

Sump tank and electric transformer.

Detached Building refers to a building detached on all sides. The walls and roof of this building are independent of any other building with open spaces on all sides, except the portion covered by the garage. Low rise Building means a building with ground plus three or less floors (excluding the basement) or a building with a height of less than 15m.

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LITERATURE REVIEW

Coverage and Floor Area Ratio (F.A.R)

Height of buildings.The Maximum height of any building or part thereof shall be limited according to the width of the street as follows:(a) The maximum height of the building or part thereof shall not exceed twice the width of the street abutting the plot plus twice the width of the yard from the building to the abutting street and this height may further be increased proportionately at the rate of 3 metres for every 50 cms. by which the building or the corresponding portion or floor of the building is set back from the building line; (b) If a building plot abuts on two or more streets of different width, the building plot shall be deemed to abut the street that has the greater width for the purposes of this

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LITERATURE REVIEW

rule and the height of the building shall be regulated by the width of that street and shall be continued at this height along the narrower street: Provided that the height restriction as per this rule shall be compulsory only for buildings or part of building coming within 12 meters of building line: Provided further that appurtenant roof structures like staircase tower over head tanks, air conditioning rooms, lift rooms, cellular telecommunication equipment or tower structures, cabin rooms, chimneys, parapet walls and similar roof structures other than pent houses shall not be included in the height of the building for the purpose of this rule: Provided also that architectural features serving no other function except that of decoration shall not be included in the height of the building for the purpose of this rule. For buildings, structures and installations in the vicinity of airports the stipulations with regard to height shall be further limited as shown in Table 3. This shall be subject to any notification issued by Government of India under the Aircrafts Act 1, 1934. Provided that buildings, structures and installations exceeding the height shown in Table 3 shall be allowed if no objection certificate from the concerned airport authority is obtained and produced before the Secretary for issuing the permit.

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LITERATURE REVIEW

Set backs and Ground Coverage for the plot.

Maximum ground coverage is 65% of the total plot area. Prohibition for constructions abutting public roads. No person shall construct any building other than compound wall within 3 metres, from any plot boundary abutting national highways, state highways or other roads-notified by Municipality: Provided that open ramps or bridges or steps or similar structures with or without parapets or railings shall be permitted as access from the street to the building within that 3 meters and cornice roof or weather shade not exceeding 75 cms shall be permitted to project from the building into such 3 meters.

Parking,

and unloading

spaces.

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LITERATURE REVIEW

(1) Each of street parking space provided for parking motor cars shall be not less than 15 Sq. mts. area (5.5 mts. x 2.7mts.) and for scooters and cycles the area of each parking space provided shall be not less than 3 sq. mts. and 1.5 sq. mt. respectively. (2) For buildings of different occupancies, off-street- parking spaces for motor cars shall be provided within the plot as specified in Table 5.

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LITERATURE REVIEW

Provided that in Second Grade Municipalities and Third Grade Municipalities it shall suffice if 75 per cent and 50 per cent respectively of the above parking is provided in village panchayats where the provisions of the Kerala Municipality Building Rules, 1999 stand extended, off street parking shall be provided as in third grade municipalities.(3) Wherever any parking space is required under these rules, 25% of that area shall be provided additionally for parking scooters or cycles. (4) Every off-street parking space shall be provided with adequate vehicular access to a street; area of drives, aisles and such other provisions required and adequate area for manoeuring of vehicles shall be provided in addition to the parking space. (5) Not exceeding fifty per cent of the area of mandatory open yard (space) shall be taken into account for calculating the required off street parking space if such open space has adequate vehicular access and area for maneuvering. Parts Of Buildings Staircases. (1) Any building having more than four floors including basement or sunken floors, shall have at least two staircases, one of which may be an external stairway: Provided that when the second staircase provided as external stair way conforms to the provisions of fire escape staircase, a separate fire escape stair need not be provided. Note:- An external stair is one which is connected to public areas and/or common areas on all floors and leads directly to ground, has at least two sides abutting external wall, these two sides being provided as open or with break open glass and has landing areas accessible from the external side or a external stair which is wholly open and removed from the main building, such an external stair shall be removed and away from the main stairway. (2) The minimum width of stair shall be not less than 1.20 metres (3) The minimum width of tread shall be 30 cms (4) The height of riser shall not exceed 15 cms. (5) The height of handrail shall be not less than 90 cms. (6) The width of passages giving access to the staircase in any building shall not at any point, be less than the width of the stair.

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LITERATURE REVIEW

Ramps.Ramps if provided as a substitute for stairways shall be laid with a slope not exceeding 1 in 10 and such ramp shall comply with all requirements of a stairway and shall be surfaced with approved non-slippery materials. Corridor, verandahs and passageways.The clear width of any corridor, verandah or passageway in any building shall be not less than 1.0 metre at any point.

Fire escape staircase.(1) Fire escape stair case shall be provided for every buildings of,(a) residential occupancies exceeding three storeys above ground level; (b) occupancies other than residential exceeding two storeys above ground level. (2) The width of fire escape staircase shall be not less than 75 cm, the width of fire escape stair tread shall be not less than 15 cm, the height of the fire escape stair riser shall not exceed 19 cms, and the number of riser shall not exceed 16 per flight of stairs. (3) The height of handrail of a fire escape staircase shall not be less than 100cms. (4) Fire escape stair shall be constructed only in the exterior of the building and shall be connected directly to the ground. (5) Fire escape stairs shall have a straight flight. (6) Entrance to fire escape stair case shall be separated and removed from internal staircase.

Travel distance to emergency staircase.(1) Every building meant for human occupancy shall be provided with emergency exit sufficient to permit safe escape of occupants in case of fire or whenever other emergency occurs. (2) Emergency exits shall be located in such a way that the travel distance on each floor shall not exceed 30 metres for every occupant. Beach Resort at Alleppey, Kerala.

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LITERATURE REVIEW

Lighting and Ventilation.(1) Every habitable room shall be furnished with sufficient number of openings such as windows and ventilators affording effectual means of admission of light and air by direct communication with the external air as provided in the National Building Code, 1983 or shall be sufficiently lighted and ventilated by artificial means. (2) No portion of a room shall be assumed to be lighted if it is more than 7.5 metres away from the opening assumed for lighting that portion unless it is artificially lighted. (3) Windows and ventilators which open into a verandah shall be deemed to communicate with the external air, if such verandah is not more than 3 metres wide and open throughout its entire length into an open space open to the sky the width of such open space being not less than 3.0 metres. Trellising, mesh, grill or net may, however, be provided on the open side of the verandah; (4) Every kitchen shall be ventilated according to the standards stipulated for habitable rooms and shall have suitable flue for the escape of smoke and heated air unless it is provided with an approved form of smokeless installation. (5) Every bathroom or latrine shall be provided with sufficient light and ventilation.(6) Every bathroom or latrine shall have at least one of its walls abutting on an open space or open verandah or an air shaft if not centrally air conditioned; the size of air shaft shaft not be less than that specified in Table 8.

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LITERATURE REVIEW

Parking.Parking requirements shall be reduced in proportion to the percentage of land surrendered to the extent that after such deduction a minimum of 75% of the parking required as per these rules shall be provided.

Rainwater Harvesting. Roof top Rain Water harvesting Arrangements :(1) Unless otherwise stipulated specifically in a Town Planning Scheme, workable rainwater harvesting arrangements shall be provided as an integral part of all new building constructions. Provide that the floor area to be considered shall be the total floor area in all floors. Provided further that the rainwater harvesting arrangements is not mandatory for thatched roofed building. (2) The components of workable rooftop rainwater harvesting arrangements as stipulated in Sub-rule (1) above shall include. (i) Roof catchment area (ii) Roof gutters (iii) Down pipe and first flush pipe arrangement (iv) Filter unit and (v) Storage tank with provision for drawing water and spillover. (3) The minimam capacity of the storage tank as stipulated in Sub-rule (2) (v) of the rooftop rainwater harvesting arrangements shall be at the rates given below Group A1 25 liters/sqm of total floor area. Group A2 25 liters/sqm of total floor area Group I(1) 25 liters/sqm of total floor area (4) The municipality shall enforce workable artificial groundwater recharging arrangements as an integral part of all new building construction through collection of rooftop rain water (5) The component of workable artificial groundwater recharging arrangements as stipulated in sub-rule (iv) above shall include (i) Roof catchment area (ii) Roof gutters (iii) Down pipe Beach Resort at Alleppey, Kerala.

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LITERATURE REVIEW

(iv) Filter units (v) Recharge well/percolation pit

(6) Where ever rooftop rain water harvesting arrangements as stipulated in sub rules (I) to (iii) above are provided, additional arrangements for carrying the spill over water from storage tanks to recharge well or percolation pit need only be provided. (7) The owner(s)/occupier(s) shall maintain the roof top rain water harvesting arrangements and artificial ground water recharge arrangements in healthy working conditions. (8) The municipality may, in exceptional cases such as water logging or impermeable subsoil conditions to considerable depths exempt constructions from the mandatory ground water recharging arrangements.

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Chapter 5

SITE ANALYSIS.

Beach Resort at Alleppey, Kerala.

SITE ANALYSIS ALAPPUZHA/ALLEPPEY, 09°30'N, 76°28'E

ONSITE FACTORS Site Surroundings Site Area is about 42,000 sq.m which is located in Alapuzzha /Alleppey, Kerala.

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NEIGHBORS On the north side of the site it has residential areas, on south side it has a mix of both residential and commercial areas, on east sides lies the accessible beach.

ACESS Site has Vehicular & Pedestrian access from three sides.

TOPOGRAPHY The site is Predominantly Flat with a Slight sloping towards beach which helps in ease in drainage.

VEGETATION Some trees on the west side of the site but they cause no hindrance to access the view to beach.

SOIL CONDITIONS It has Late rite soil which is loose in nature. Top Layer has good Porosity and Permeability, and in this area water table is high which is because of its adjacency with sea and back water.

ELECTRICAL, WATER AND COMMUNICATION LINES All electrical lines are taken from above the grounds through poles. Main sewer and storm line are passing through CCBC road.in case of load shading Power Supply may be backed up with an in house Generator.

SITE POTENTIALS It has an extended View to the Beach, and light tower. Site is located at a distance of 1 km from nearest boat jetty and 2 km from railway station, hence there is an ease in access. Site has roads on three sides.

SITE CONSTRAINTS Site abuts a busy Beach and hence during morning and evening time people are often moving across the beach. Site has high water table and hence any kind of digging is not allowed other than foundation or swimming pool.

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OFFSITE FACTORS

THE BEACH FRONT The most important factor which gives scenic beauty to the resort and view potential to the resort from height but at the same time imposes constraints with its tidal actions and variation.

BUILDING CHARACTER •

Traditional design of most buildings.

•

Extensive use of local architecture.

•

Mixed zone mainly of Residential and Commercial zone.

SAFETY AND SECURITY •

Maximize architectural form to define function and territory in ways that identify and welcome legitimate users of buildings.

•

Design ‘in’ defined and signed movement corridors for vehicles and pedestrians.

•

Design and locate lighting to accentuate access points and movement corridors;

•

Design and locate landscaping to reduce opportunities for concealment.

•

Provide integrated security systems for surveillance, alarms and access control;

•

Integrate security systems with emergency warning and fire warning systems and a perimeter road to have.

GUIDELINES FOR COASTAL AREA DEVELOPMENT- CRZ •

No construction within 200 m of high tide line.

•

The ground coverage should not exceed 40% of plot area.

•

Extraction of sand, leveling or digging is not allowed except for structural foundation, swimming pool and storage tanks not permitted within 500 m of high tide lines.

•

Effluents should be treated. Unrated waste should not be discharged into beach.

• Quality of the treated Effluents, solid waste should confirm to the Pollution. Beach Resort at Alleppey, Kerala.

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ACTIVITY ZONING The Activity Zoning is based on the different analyses and study done towards the understanding of the site and design requirements. Various activities have been arranged on the 2D plan according to their rough sizes so as to obtain an idea about the planning. Parking areas are adjacent to the roads due to ease in accessibility and also since it acts a buffer between the roads and the actual buildings. Cottages are placed right in front to optimize maximum view potential to beach. Banquet hall is provided with alternate entry so that it dose no interfere with the functioning of the resort when in function. Meditation and Yoga centre are taken away from busy junctions. Vertical zoning is restricted areas to make the architecture in stand in harmony with surrounding.

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Chapter 6

CLIMATE ANALYSIS.

Beach Resort at Alleppey, Kerala.

CLIMATE ANALYSIS

ALAPPUZHA/ALLEPPEY, 09°30'N, 76°28'E Based on obtained from ASHRAE and ISHRAE various information on weather conditions are mentioned below :

INFERENCE Prominent wind direction throughout the year is from 1) North & North-East, and East. With an average temperature lie in the range of 24-38 °degrees centigrade, Relative humidity level is in the range of 70% -90%, and Wind velocity is in the range of 6 m/s- 16 m/s .

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CLIMATE ANALYSIS

STEREOGRAPHIC SUN PATH DIAGRAM

INFERENCE For most part of the year sun is in the southern hemisphere of the earth so major gain in solar radiation is from the southern side of the building, only for few months July, May and April Sun is casting direct rays on the northern facade of the building, so glazing can be given on the northern part of the building.

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CLIMATE ANALYSIS

TEMPERATURE RANGE.

WIND VELOCITY RANGE.

Beach Resort at Alleppey, Kerala.

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CLIMATE ANALYSIS

ILLUMINATION RANGE.

WEATHER DATA SUMMARY.

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Chapter 7

DESIGN METHODOLOGY.

Beach Resort at Alleppey, Kerala.

DESIGN METHODOLOGY

Beach Resort at Alleppey, Kerala.

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DESIGN METHODOLOGY

SPACE RELATIONSHIP FOR RESIDENT & GUEST

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DESIGN METHODOLOGY

SPACE RELATIONSHIP FOR FRONT OFFICE

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DESIGN METHODOLOGY

FUNCTIONAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SPACES

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Chapter 8

DESIGN CONCEPT & DEVELOPMENT.

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DESIGN CONCEPT & DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

SPACE AREA REQUIRMENT.

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DESIGN CONCEPT & DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

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DESIGN CONCEPT & DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

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DESIGN CONCEPT & DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

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DESIGN CONCEPT & DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

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DESIGN CONCEPT & DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

CONCEPTUAL SITE ZONING Site has been divided into two half – One which is more Private and semi private zones containing Residential Cottages, Suites, Meditation centre, Yoga centre, Swimming pool, Ayurvedic centre, Spa and Sauna in a peace and serene interaction with the nature and an attempt has been made to maximize view potential to Beach coast line. Major access to the site from eastern side, so more Semi public and Public areas are taken in adjacency with entrance, which also helps in minimizing with circulation path and distance of these to the parking lot. These areas include Reception, Restaurant, Meeting rooms, Banquet hall, and Some Recreational areas like Multi-gym, Aerobics centre, Amphitheatre etc. Banquet hall which is meant to serve a varied kind of activity user groups is provided with an alternate entry so as not to disturb Major administrative and Back-of-house areas are having their accessibility from northern side of the site acting as a service entry for the Resort. Lagoon and landscaping which interacts with the Cottage and Suites has been suggested in the design proposal.

INDIVIDUAL SPACES

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DESIGN CONCEPT & DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

CENTRAL BLOCK . The form of the central block is derived from Spira Solaris - an icon,

which

has

inspired

mathematicians and artists alike since the ancient times. This form is replicated in some of the natural forms. Snail which is a slow moving creature and loves to live close to water has inspired this design. The slow movement signifies leisure and calmness and inclusion of a water feature close to the central block symbolizes the urge of the snail to seek proximity to water feature. SPIRA SOLARIS The locus of points traced out by the end of the string is called the involute of the original curve, and the original curve is called the evolute of its involute. Evolution is purely mechanical, INVOLUTION - the cause of natural stimulation. Involution is the creation of the concept. Evolution is the time or process it takes the concept to become manifest. We come from the center and circumference of Beach Resort at Alleppey, Kerala.

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DESIGN CONCEPT & DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

everything, radiating, drawing forth the Divine Influx. Together through our cosmic conceptions, we sublimate Omnipresence for all existing in and out this mirror of matter. The form melting into each other and fading only to give rise to new confluence. A

nautilus,

one

natures

greatest

engineering masterpieces, a stunningly intricate hierarchical architecture, having a cross section of equiangular spiral (or logarithmic spiral). It is defined as a curve that cuts all radii vectors at a constant angle. The involutes curve is a special case of an equiangular spiral, having a constant angle of 90 degrees. Spiral as a symbol was used from Paleolithic Age. It is a power of sun and moon, it is ear, water, lightning and thunder, or a whirl. Also a spiral is a symbol of labyrinth, what can be a dance or game. Sometimes a labyrinth constructed underground in darkness. Spiral also can be identified with involutes snail's shell. Snail is a symbol of laziness. We can conclude that spiral scheme used usually for representation of various games, dances, companies with concentrated attention on some actions whose location coincides with spiral’ center. This scheme connects separated players into one sometimes complicated chain. Most often a spiral is identified with involutes snail shell. Few examples which are taken from nature are:

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DESIGN CONCEPT & DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

Applying concept of Spiral Solaris in Designing of Central Block.

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DESIGN CONCEPT & DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

In these different colored spaces represents different individual spaces with a central open court with corridors opening into it. Each individual space is having cross ventilation suiting to this kind or climate.

Restaurant is provided with a viewing deck for dinning into the open wooden deck and at the same time inner court which further act as a buffer space for spill over activities. It has direct connectivity to kitchen services for better services. Banquet hall is provided with alternate entry so that its functioning does not interfere with the functioning of Resort.

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DESIGN CONCEPT & DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

COTTAGES .

Typically made in traditional built form, with pitched roofs and use connected by covered pathways. Every cottage has a private viewing deck to appreciate nature and have a tangible experience with lagoon. Also there is a provision of semi private spaces to interact like viewing decks, covered walkways, cutouts in floor slab to appreciate marine species.

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DESIGN CONCEPT & DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

View to cottage blacks

Way to cottage.

SUITES.

Suits are made in a international style of hotel accommodation with a lagoon surrounding individual units. Viewing decks are attached to each unit to make them a part of nature.

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DESIGN CONCEPT & DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

AYURVEDIC CENTRE AND SAUNA. These are the only zones which are taken on the first floor as they will be in operation for only part of the

day,

and

are

also

accessible from swimming pool. Both of the spaces are provided with and spaces which can be expanded into open terrace area. Person sitting of these terraces can enjoy the view to the various part of the site but at the same time panoramic view to the beach.

YOGA AND MEDITATION BLOCK.

These are further secluded and placed away from the residential zone. Resident have a choice of meditating against backdrop of water body. Whose wave reflects upon the incident sunshine as shimmering light on the walls. These blocks are also connected to the landscaped green where residents can stroll around. Beach Resort at Alleppey, Kerala.

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DESIGN CONCEPT & DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

AMPHITHEATRE

Amphitheatre has been designed with a 360 view much similar to street performances. This should serve as a platform to showcase the traditional art from Kerala to the tourist. This has been acting as an all weather facility which has a retractable tensile roof , the form of which has been inspired from Chinese fishing net dotting the cochin shore line.

LANDSCAPING Landscaping forms an important feature that integrates different spaces of design and reminds the guest of the back waters and lush greenery of Kerala. A shallow lagoon has been developed in the site as a part of soft landscape which has Small Island with coconut palm trees planted, also appropriately scaled snake boats have been interspaced in water body. Small rocks have been used to create sitting areas. It has Connecting walkways over the lagoon. Uniform bollard lighting appropriately lighting areas is suggest. In central block water forms a vortex in the central focal element and landscape is integrated around it. Treatment of boundary wall was also a issue of concern so plants and creepers all along its perimeter will add an organic touch to the environment. Beach Resort at Alleppey, Kerala.

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DESIGN CONCEPT & DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

Boundary wall

PARKING Parking is provided at the eastern corner and is located very close to all public and administrative zones. An attempt has been made to buffer noise and visibility by creation of earth mounts and green landscaping around the parking lot. This parking lot has a capacity of 90 cars which can be expanded to 100 cars. Small area of surface parking is also provided for staff on to the side of service entry.

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DESIGN CONCEPT & DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

ENERGY CONSIDERATION FOR DESIGN In this climate air conditioning will always be required, but can be greatly reduced if building design minimizes overheating.

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DESIGN CONCEPT & DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

Window overhangs (designed for this latitude) or operable sunshades (extend in summer, retract in winter) can reduce or eliminate air conditioning.

Orient most of the glass to the north, shaded by vertical fins, in very hot climates, if there are essentially no passive solar needs

Use plant materials (ivy, bushes, trees) especially on the west to shade the structure (if summer rains support native plant growth).

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DESIGN CONCEPT & DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

High Efficiency air conditioner (at least Energy Star) should prove cost effective.

Keep the building small (right-sized) because excessive floor area

wastes heating and cooling energy.

Good natural ventilation can reduce or eliminate air conditioning in warm weather, if windows are well shaded and oriented to prevailing breezes.

Use light colored building materials and cool roofs (with high emissivity) to minimize conducted heat gain.

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DESIGN CONCEPT & DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

hot

days

ceiling fans or indoor air motion can make it seem cooler by at least 5 degrees F (2.8C) thus less air conditioning is needed.

Screened porches and patios can provide comfort cooling

ventilation

and

prevent insect problems.

Traditional homes in warm humid climates used high ceilings and high operable (French) windows protected by deep overhangs and porches.

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DESIGN CONCEPT & DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

In wet climates well ventilated pitched roofs work well to shed rain and can be extended to protect

entries,

outdoor

porches, and verandas.

If soil is moist, raise building high above ground to minimize dampness and maximize natural ventilation.

High mass interior surfaces like stone, brick, tile, or slate, feel naturally cool on hot days and can reduce day-to-night temperature swings.

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DESIGN CONCEPT & DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

A radiant barrier (shiny foil) will help reduce radiated heat gain through the roof in hot climates.

Locate garages or storage areas on the side of the building facing the coldest wind to help insulate. A whole-house fan or natural ventilation can store nighttime coolth'in high mass interior surfaces, thus reducing or eliminating air conditioning.

(a)

(b) Beach Resort at Alleppey, Kerala.

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Chapter 9

DESIGN DRAWINGS.

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DESIGN DRAWINGS

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DESIGN DRAWINGS

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DESIGN DRAWINGS

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DESIGN DRAWINGS

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DESIGN DRAWINGS

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DESIGN DRAWINGS

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DESIGN DRAWINGS

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DESIGN DRAWINGS

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DESIGN DRAWINGS

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DESIGN DRAWINGS

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DESIGN DRAWINGS

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DESIGN DRAWINGS

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DESIGN DRAWINGS

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DESIGN DRAWINGS

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DESIGN DRAWINGS

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DESIGN DRAWINGS

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BIBLIOGRAPHY.

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REFRENCES

o o o o o o o o o o o

Hotels Design (Planning and Development) by Walter Rutes & Richard Penner. Hotels and Resorts (Planning Design and Refurbishment) by Fred R. Lawson, B. Arch Thesis by Saugato Dey. B. Arch Thesis by Jane Rodrigues. Architect’s Data by Ernst and Peter Neufert. Journal (Architecture + Design) – Sept-Oct 1997. Journal (Architecture + Design) – December – 2008. Journal (Indian Architect & Builder)- January -1991 Journal (Indian Architect & Builder)- May 2003. Wikipedia.org Visitkerala,com

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