CoGrow: Chicago 2040 Agro-Eco-Industrial District by Leeswann Bolden

Leeswann Bolden Masterâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s of Architecture + Masterâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s of Urban Planning Capstone Project University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Spring 2011

Table of Contents 1|Introduction................................................Page 1 Abstract Objectives Questions Scope of Work Guiding Principles Project Definitions 2| Regional Suitability Analysis……………. Page 5 Transporation Land Use Land Use Change Over Time Green Infrastructure Vacancies, Open Space, Industrial Land Industry, Grocery & Fast Food Selected Pullman Industries Socio Economic Maps Future Developments Lakeside, Chicago Ford Environmental Center Chicago State University 2050 Site Selection Pullman History Cottage Grove Heights Land Use Cottage Grove Heights Asset Map Cottage Grove Heights Water Flows & Flooding

3|The Masterplan………………..….23 Design Paradigm Masterplan Schematic Design Masterplan Land Use/Phasing District Green Infrastructure 4| The Building………………………29 CoGrow Food Center Program Concept Bottle Wall Models 5| Conclusion……..34 6| Bibliography…….35

1Introduction Abstract

This urban design project focuses on the Cottage Grove Heights community, located on the south side of Chicago. The corridor is plagued with vacant lots once slated for industrial uses. The community is isolated from nearby communities and educational resources due to physical boundaries created by railroads and expressways. Cottage Grove Heights, like many nearby communities on the south side, is located in a food desert, lacking access to fresh foods. There is however, great potential to use those boundaries to facilitate an agro-eco-industrial district from which the community and local business can benefit. The CoGrow Agro-Eco-Industrial District will expand upon existing community gardens encourage a local food growth movement. By improving and adding to the existing retail in the corridor, residents can build local wealth and knowledge base by incorporating locally owned green establishments. The CoGrow Food Center will serve as the anchor for the development, educating the public about different methods of growing food and serving as a resource for building the green economy.

   

Eliminate food desert, providing local produce, restaurants, and distribution Improve of physical access links between the community and adjacent community colleges Create regenerative development opportunities in the industrial corridor to produce, research and sell green products Improve and connect to local green infrastructure

Questions  

Can an industrial corridor become a medium in which to explore sustainable opportunities? Can local food growth initiatives help re-connect the community and the community college?

Scope of Work As a joint architecture and urban planning thesis, this project will produce:   

Suitability Analysis Masterplan CoGrow Food Education Center Building-Plans, Sections,

Objectives  

Encourage sustainable practices by use of local food growth and public education center for sustainability and green jobs Maintain the right mix of companies needed to best use byproducts as companies change CoGrow: Chicago 2040 Agro-Eco-Industrial District |1

Guiding Principles CITY OF CHICAGO GOALS Chicago has been a leader in promoting sustainability by example installing its first green roof atop city hall in 2001.

    

Provide more parks and open space Increase commitment to public transit Improve education and work force development Improve water conservation to meet projected demand Create a more efficient freight network.

LEED NEIGHBORHOOD DEVELOPMENT The LEED for Neighborhood Development Rating System integrates the principles of smart growth, urbanism and green building into the first national system for neighborhood design.

Virtually all of Chicago's green infrastructure initiatives for managing and cleaning urban runoff began as pilot projects. 10 years after the 2001 Energy Plan Chicago Department of Environment Chicago Climate Action Plan was produced, aiming to reduce greenhouse gases emissions and address large project energy demands. In 2010, Chicago Metropolitan Agency for Planning released Chicago GO TO 2040 and Water 2050 which calls for investment in existing communities. Plan recommendations that were used to shape the masterplan include:   

Create more compact communities with options for housing Provide jobs closer to were people live Promote local foods

GREEN VILLAGE BUILDING TECHNIQUES Blacks in Green is a nonprofit that provides educational and organizational work in African-American communities to encourage a healthy life style and to develop environmentally friendly job and business opportunities. The Green Village building techniques and “Grannynomics” addresses the twin problems of pollution and poverty as a culture-specific prescription with universal value. Prescribe:  Micro-saving/lending, local currency/wealth  Local energy production & transportation  Shopping & waste- each village supplies basic goods to neighbors  Affordable green homes and garden  New & networks/ Stories & Structures-celebrating culture through stories in print, digital, and theatrical forms.  Village center & borders-creating a walkable village with perceptible borders  Green jobs & enterprise-circulating wealth through neighbor-owned businesses.

CoGrow: Chicago 2040 Agro-Eco-Industrial District |2

Project Definitions

WHAT IS A FOOD DESERT? Food The US Department of Deserts Agriculture defines food in deserts as areas that lack Chicago access to affordable fruits, vegetables, whole grains, low-fat milk, and other foods that make up the full range of a healthy diet. (USDA, 2010) According source to a 2009, some Chicago American consumers are Magazine 2009, Created limited in their ability to by Tonwen access affordable, Jones nutritious food because they live far from a supermarket or large grocery store and/or do not have easy access to transportation. These areas are often found in low-income areas where there is disproportionate access to fresh food while foods high in salt, fat and sugar. (Food Desert to Oasis, 21:35) Food is at least a week old and travels at least 1500-2000 miles before you get it How much nutritional value are you getting from food that is at least 5 days old. Lucky 40% of what you need. (Dr. Victor Zeines) sou

WHAT IS AGRO-ECO-INDUSTRIAL PARK? Industry has long the cause of environmental degradation often impacting the lives and health of persons in its path. An agro-ecoIndustrial park is rooted in the ideas of industrial ecology, studying material and energy flows through industrial systems. The park will provide space for food processing and value added production companies, marketing cooperatives, a sustainable agriculture training center, and a demonstration farm. It is a model that has been championed among poor, rural populations in China, Japan, India and Thailand. Ideally, poor farmers would learn farming practices to improve the value of their product and have the resources to market it in local and international markets. The park also seeks to provide environmental benefits by improving water and land use management through soil and ecological restoration. Businesses that would be included are:  Equipment/material suppliers  Food processing and distribution firms;  Firms utilizing by-products from any part of the system.  Intensive food production particularly as landscaping, greenhouses and aquaculture ponds. (http://www.indigodev.com/AEIP_HB.html) WHAT ARE GREEN COLLAR JOBS?  Blue collar employment that has been upgraded to better respect the environment  family-supporting, career-track, vocational, or trade-level employment in environmentally-friendly fields  examples: electricians who install solar panels; plumbers who install solar water heaters; farmers engaged in organic agriculture and some bio-fuel production; and construction

CoGrow: Chicago 2040 Agro-Eco-Industrial District |3

workers who build energy-efficient green buildings, wind power farms, solar farms, and wave energy farms We cannot grow the economy and add jobs when energy prices are increasing. According to the national renewable energy lab, the major barriers to a more rapid adoption of renewable energy and energy efficiently are not financial, legal technical or ideological. One big problem is simply that green employers canâ&#x20AC;&#x;t fine enough trained, green collar workers to do all the jobs (Jones, 9) Local food growth and distribution can save tremendous amounts of energy and fossil fuels that would be used to engineer, store and transport our foods.

CoGrow: Chicago 2040 Agro-Eco-Industrial District |4

NEIGHBORHOOD LOCATION MAP CREATED BY LEESWANN BOLDEN

2Regional Suitability Analysis The study area is the Calumet region, located on the far south side of Chicago, is home to 60% of Chicago industrial land and 4000 acres of wetlands that are essential to the economic and environmental prosperity of the city. While its official boundaries are not clearly established, it is generally accepted that the area is comprised of Chicago community areas: South Deering, Pullman, Riverdale, East Side, South Chicago, Hegewish and Burnside.

CALUMET REGIONAL MAP CREATED BY LEESWANN BOLDEN

CoGrow: Chicago 2040 Agro-Eco-Industrial District |5

Transportation Industry is supported by rail and interstate freight system to transport goods locally and nationally. The waterways are also vital to the area. Calumet Lake originally 6 feet deep has been dredged out to 30 feet to support water transport.

The area is a central hub for the Norfolk Southern Intermodal Terminal (1) 103rd St. serves as the main avenue for truck traffic with access points to Olive Harvey College, I94 and railroads. Chicago Transit Authority Bus Garage (2) houses buses for south Chicago routes and supplies buses for the bus and train terminals located on 95th and State. City entities Department of Transportation, Department of Streets & Sanitation, Bureau of Street, Operations, Bureau of EWC (Electrical Wiring & Communications), and the Department of Forestry are located the Pullman Industrial Center on 103rd St. (3) Interstate 90 also known as the Skyway connects west Indiana to I-94 West going towards downtown.

CoGrow: Chicago 2040 Agro-Eco-Industrial District |6 MAP TRANSPORATION CREATED BY LEESWANN BOLDEN

Land Use p

Industry is vital to the region, dominating land near waterways. Once home to both Wisconsin Steel and USX steel mills, their decline have weakened local economies and resulted in large plots of vacant land that in most cases requires remediation. Residential areas are flanked by commercial along main streets. The southern portion of the region does not have much retail or residential, as toxins from local industry producers are harmful to residents. The regional garbage dump, now closed, emits unpleasant odors and methane making it environmentally hazardous. South Deeringâ&#x20AC;&#x;s industrial serves as an obstruction of east to west pedestrian movement and has limited vehicular traffic due to heavy truck traffic. The land directly north of Lake Calumet has been transformed into a private golf course which is an unexpected amenity near a former garbage dump.

USE MAP CoGrow:LAND Chicago 2040 Agro-Eco-Industrial District |7 SOURCE: CMAP CREATED BY LEESWANN BOLDEN

Land Use Change Over Time The Calumet River once extended to 98th & Cottage Grove Avenue. Over time, the surface area of the lake has been reduced due to waste and dredging for water transportation. As the Calumet area became the cityâ&#x20AC;&#x;s waste disposal location and natural marshes diminished, destroying its animal habitat and natural flood management capabilities.

CoGrow: Chicago 2040 Agro-Eco-Industrial District |8

Green Infrastructure Green spaces seem few and far between but each neighborhood area is within a Â˝ mile of a park or open space. There are opportunities to connect the vacant grasslands to parks to form bridges over industrial lands. Lake Calumetâ&#x20AC;&#x;s wetlands will become a feature in future city initiatives to preserve open space and remediate damaged industrial lands. Infrastructure such as railroads and interstates can become greenways to connect to different neighborhoods and greenspaces.

CoGrow: Chicago 2040 Agro-Eco-Industrial District |9 GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE MAP SOURCE: CMAP CREATED BY LEESWANN BOLDEN

Vacancies, Open Space, Industrial Land There are many vacancies within the industrial corridor increasing the opportunities for growth and cultivation of open space. The city offers Tax Increment Financing to draw potential businesses. Where industry land is disjointed in Burnside and Pullman, there is an opportunity to connect the community through greenspaces. Within the South Deering community the â&#x20AC;&#x17E;open spaceâ&#x20AC;&#x; is occupied by Harborside International Golf Center.

CoGrow:INDUSTRIAL Chicago VACANCIES 2040 Agro-Eco-Industrial District |10 CREATED BY LEESWANN BOLDEN

Industry, Grocery & Fast Food Fast food restaurants are a common sight among residents of south Chicago. In areas where there is more industry, there are no grocery stores. Unfortunately for residents, many of the restaurants are not sit-in but are open 24 hours in most cases. Most of the far south side of Chicago has been designated a food desert.

INDUSTRY GROCERY FAST FOOD SOURCE: GOOGLE MAPS CREATED BY LEESWANN BOLDEN

CoGrow: Chicago 2040 Agro-Eco-Industrial District |11

Selected Pullman Industries AUTOMOBILES Ford Tower Automotive BUILDING MATERIALS Holcim (US) Inc Imperial Zinc Sherwin Williams Co Asphalt Operating Services LLC Atlas Tube Antek Madison Plastics USA Naylor Pipe CITY OF CHICAGO SERVICES Dept. of Streets & Sanitation Bureau of Street Operations Ashpot Division 9th District Sign Division Bureau of Ewc-Electrical Wiring & Communications Dept. of Forestry DISTRIBUTION Ashley Business Center Del Monte Fresh Produce Co-Distribution FOOD PRODUCTS/BI-PRODUCTS AgriFine Cargill Pullman Sugar Kellogg's Snacks Nuance Solutions

PACKAGING Akers Packaging Service Inc. Flex Sol Packaging Corporation Best Diamond Plastics (Straws) STEEL MANUFACTURING A. Finkl & Sons Co Arro Corporation Promet Steel Latrobe Steel SUSTAINABLE ENTERPRISE Recycle Tech Solutions Sustain-(Recycled Ink Cartridges) TRANSPORTATION Dept of Transportation Chicago Transit Authority Bus Garage Norfolk South Intermodal OTHER Horsehead Resource Development Co. Kappa Products Co. KCBX Terminals Company Kinder Morgan Liquid Terminals LaFarge North America Mead Westvaco Spraylat Corp. Mead Corporation Fastenal Co. Cocentra Immediate Care

CoGrow: Chicago 2040 Agro-Eco-Industrial District |12

Socio-Economic Analysis The vast majority of the population of the uses a car to travel. One goal would be to increase the amount of people biking or walking to work. Because a lot of the area is single family homes, the density can be increased in vacant land areas to increase walkability. More density in proximity to the university could shift the age demographic to a younger population that can be trained for green collar jobs.

REGIONAL MEANS OF TRANSPORTATION 1.3%

0.0% 0.0%

0.3% car

19.3%

public transportation bike walked 78.1%

other means worked at home

CoGrow: Chicago 2040 Agro-Eco-Industrial District |13

CoGrow: Chicago 2040 Agro-Eco-Industrial District |14

Future Development LAKESIDE, CHICAGO Lakeside, Chicago is located on the former U.S.X. Steel mill. There are 576 acres of land that will be developed into a new urban oasis. New amenities include a continuation of lakefront park system from Rainbow beach, boat slip and marina, a medical campus, retail and residential units. The project has been in the planning process for over 10 years and began marketing Spring 2011. The development will be environmentally responsible, utilizing water collection techniques and living systems to manage runoff. The masterplan was completed in 2009 by SOM and Sasaki & Associates.

PHOTOS COURTESY OF SOM

CoGrow: Chicago 2040 Agro-Eco-Industrial District |15

Future Development FORD ENVIRONMENTAL CENTER The Ford Environmental Center is located in the Hegewisch Marsh which is currently being restored. The center . will serve as a centralized resource for the region, hosting researchers, industry leaders, staff and wetland currently undergoing ecological restoration. The center was designed as apart of a competition and the winning submission was from Studio Gang Architects. The environmental center will function as a research and laboratory facility and a showcase of green technology integrated into the landscape overlooking the prairie and animal landscapes.

PHOTOS COURTESY OF STUDIO GANG ARCHITECTS

CoGrow: Chicago 2040 Agro-Eco-Industrial District |16

Chicago State University 2050 Chicago State University has been in the community since 1972. As they plan to expand they have formed a partnership with American Science and Technology, a research, development and manufacturing company. They have been researching fuel-cell and biomass technology. They have also planned with Metra to move the existing station to the center of the campus to connect to Cottage Grove, Ave.

"They seek to achieve a â&#x20AC;&#x153;communiversityâ&#x20AC;? to engage with surrounding communities and encourage them to use campus facilities.(Principles to Guide Future Campus Growth p 24) Chicago State plans to use the vacant land east of the campus to locate Metra Park & Ride and additional sports fields.

ALL IMAGES COURTESY OF CHICAGO STATE UNIVERSITY

CoGrow: Chicago 2040 Agro-Eco-Industrial District |17

Site Selection Pullman was selected for its proximity to institutions Chicago State University and Olive Harvey Colleges. Historic Pullman, located on the southern periphery of the community, was once a model industrial community and important to the History of Chicago that may become more of an attraction in the future as restoration of historic industrial buildings continues. I-94 can be accessed from 95th 103rd, 111th and 115th streets. As 95th St. and Cottage Grove are main thoroughfares, retail can benefit from the traffic that passes through.

CHICAGO STATE UNIVERSITY

FORD ENVIRONMENTAL CENTER

PULLMAN LOCATION MAP Created by: Leeswann Bolden

PULLMAN LOCATION MAP Created by: Leeswann Bolden & CMAP GO TO 2040

CoGrow: Chicago 2040 Agro-Eco-Industrial District |18

Pullman History George Pullman, owner and operator of Pullman Palace Car Company, built Pullman t in 1879 as planned community for his employees. The town was ideal for workers providing townhouses, stores and a market in a time when workers were subject to horrible living conditions. The plan featured a public square, church and views to Lake Calumet and was lauded as â&#x20AC;&#x17E;the most perfect townâ&#x20AC;? in Chicago. The historical area is best known for the Pullman Strike of 1894, when workers protested living costs during hard economic times. The neighborhood has been slowly declining since 1950. Today the unique Victorian townhouses are being restored. (Historic Pullman Foundation)

Courtesy: Pullman Foundation CoGrow: Chicago 2040 Agro-Eco-Industrial District |19

COTTAGE GROVE HEIGHTS LAND USE

95th & Cottage Grove

(216 acres)

Vacant Warehouse

Master planning area

SOURCE:Chicago CMAP 2040 Agro-Eco-Industrial District |20 CoGrow: CREATED BY LEESWANN BOLDEN

COTTAGE GROVE HEIGHTS ASSET MAP

ASSET MAP CoGrow: Chicago 2040 Agro-Eco-Industrial District |21 CREATED BY LEESWANN BOLDEN

Cottage Grove Heights Water Flows & Flooding

WATER FLOWS & FLOODING CREATED BY LEESWANN BOLDEN

CoGrow: Chicago 2040 Agro-Eco-Industrial District |22

3The Masterplan Design Paradigm CoGrow Agro-Eco-Industrial district promotes the health and well being of the environment, its occupants and their wallets through environmentally sensitive design and money saving techniques. Greenwood Development uses tenants from the Built Green Green Communities Checklist and LEED ordinances. It embodies principles of Low Impact Development (LID).Through the use of proper building orientation sustainable building materials and smart stormwater management techniques the district can be a vibrant, healthy community in Chicago. Low Impact Development use nature-like processes to manage stormwater properly. In essence, LID mimics the site predevelopment hydrology by dealing with the water locally. Using these processes are cost effective and can help provide a stable environment for vegetation and existing animals. Implementation can be achieved through: • Green roofs • Reduced street widths • Pervious Parking lots and sidewalks, • Medians with vegetation • Rainwater collection Sharing parking areas to maximize efficiency so that business and residences can use it is a good way to reduce impervious surfaces. Porous surfaces can be created using uncompacted gravel, crushed stone or porous paving blocks. At the site level, rainwater cisterns can be placed near the green spaces to reduce the amount of

water going into the existing retention ponds and creating a public awareness about water saving techniques. On-site transportation shelters can also be used with green roofs to filter water and serve as an information source for its users. Public lighting should be energy efficient and if possible solar powered for use at night. Green Infrastructure Using the center of the site as a nature pathway means protecting it from runoff. It also creates a pedestrian friendly path that can create pedestrian continuity between business and single family homes which supports New Urbanism techniques to facilitate placemaking. As public education is necessary to increase green techniques, interpretive signs in common areas can highlight the environmental features within the development and encourage residents to use them in their homes. The existing retention ponds form a path that will be added to on both ends with rain gardens and composting sites for lawn waste. Building Types Providing a variety of housing types can creates a diverse population. Offering single family, multifamily and mixed used housing will allow for varied social engagement and an aesthetically diverse community. This community will be required to have 75% of homes to meet the Built Green Home Builder requirements which include:  Build homes that have 15% better performance than the energy code  Landscaping with appropriate plants with low watering requirements  Water saving fixtures in bathrooms and Kitchens  Prewiring homes for possible future use  Use Energy Star appliance and lighting  Rainwater barrels for irrigation

CoGrow: Chicago 2040 Agro-Eco-Industrial District |23

Masterplan Schematic Design

CREATED BY LEESWANN BOLDEN CoGrow: Chicago 2040 Agro-Eco-Industrial District |24

Masterplan CoGrow: Chicago 2040 Agro-Eco-Industrial District |25

Land Use Plan

Phases

CoGrow: Chicago 2040 Agro-Eco-Industrial District |26

The CoGrow Agro-Eco-Industrial District:           

  

Welcomes businesses that contribute services via equipment or marketing for local businesses. Uses its infrastructure for water collection and treatment. Provides Pathways throughout community for bikes/pedestrians Rehabilitate existing buildings to higher energy standards Opportunity for cooperative between community and CoGrow Food Center Uses rain gardens alleviate flooding and provide landscaping with safety lighting Landscapes using local nurseries and green workers Eliminates food desert by providing affordable, locally grown food Reduces products embodied energy by using local products, distribution, and packaging Encourages interaction with colleges and community Provides ample parking and options for local residents and Metra-Park and users via parking garage and on-street parking Extended Chicago State University‟s sports field with dual use stormwater retention & play fields Parking along streets Diverts truck traffic from pedestrian thoroughfares and provides buffers local homes

CoGrow: Chicago 2040 Agro-Eco-Industrial District |27 ALL IMAGES BY LEESWANN BOLDEN

District Green Infrastructure

DISTRICT GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE BY LEESWANN BOLDEN

CoGrow: Chicago 2040 Agro-Eco-Industrial District |28

4The Building CoGrow Food Center WHY? Pesticides, Genetic modification and soil air and water…. Overused and soil nutrients are lost If you eat a diet 50% or more of cooked food, body reacts as the food is a foreign organism. Paul Kouchakoff, in his 1930 research, The Influence of cooking food on the Blood of Man, found that the people would be healthier if 51% of every meal was raw. Superfoods: Foods that Fight Chronic Malnutrition         

  

Raw honey Wheatgrass Goji Sprulina- highest protein food Echinacia Noni Special minerals Turmeric Cacoa boeans-magnesium, chromium, iron,zinc, copper— viatmen c contnent, hights antioxidant-protect form skin and viral anc cancer Bee polen Cococunt Blue green algae

CoGrow: Chicago 2040 Agro-Eco-Industrial District |29

Program               

Lobby Café Cooking Education Aquaponics Aeroponics Greenhouse Roof Terraces Classrooms Market Space Fishery Mechanical Composting Storage Receiving Conference Restrooms

Concept Biomimicry (from bios, meaning life, and mimesis, meaning to imitate) is the examination of nature, its models, systems, processes, and elements to emulate or take inspiration from in order to solve human problems sustainably. (Wikipedia) Grow food and fish in different methods. Recirculate nutrients throughout the building and let water collection circulate through the buildings to “cleanse” systems. These technical ways of growing can be executed on a budget. This center will teach healthier ways to grow, eat and live.

CoGrow: Chicago 2040 Agro-Eco-Industrial District |30

CoGrow: Chicago 2040 Agro-Eco-Industrial District |31

CoGrow: Chicago 2040 Agro-Eco-Industrial District |32

Models

CoGrow: Chicago 2040 Agro-Eco-Industrial District |33

5The Conclusion



700 years Plastic bottles take 700 years to

In responding to this dynamic and striving to be environmentally friendly this project examines the possibility of sustainable industrial development.



begin composting 90% of the cost of bottled water is due to the bottle itself



80% of plastic bottles are not recycled

Some interesting statistics



38 million plastic bottles go to the dump per year

GREEN GARDENING: BY THE NUMBERS 

1500 lbs: the amount of garbage the average person

throws out each year, according to Mark Harris, the author of Embracing the Earth (Noble Press, 1990). Expect to haul only 375 pounds of trash to the curb annually if you compost. 

400%: the percentage of total vegetables consumed, that were produced in 'victory gardens' planted in homes, schools, and farms during World War II.



19lbs/person: the amount of tomatoes consumed

per person in the US each year - not counting the tomatoes used to whip up sauce and ketchup. In fact, the United States is second only to Italy in its consumption of tomatoes per capita.

40 million: acres of lawn exist in the United States, and are the

in America from bottled water (not including soda) 

24 million gallons of oil are needed to produce a billion plastic bottles

 

167 bottles

The average American consumes of water a year Bottling and shipping water is the least energy efficient method ever used to supply water

The CoGrow Agro-Eco-Industrial District is a feasible option for encouraging community interaction and educating people about sustainability. Saving money, energy, water and resources are desireable and achievable through simple innovations, local partnerships and community growing.

single most irrigated crop, according to NASA.

238 gallons

of fresh, usually drinking-quality water per

person, per day, to keep our lawns “pretty”

CoGrow: Chicago 2040 Agro-Eco-Industrial District |34

6Bibliography

CoGrow: Chicago 2040 Agro-Eco-Industrial District |35

CoGrow: Chicago 2040 Agro-Eco-Industrial District |36

CoGrow: Chicago 2040 Agro-Eco-Industrial District |37

CoGrow: Chicago 2040 Agro-Eco-Industrial District |38