141124 city walk study 2014 report and appendix by Kate Dana

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STUDY 2014 4

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CITY WALK

A NETWORK OF CONNECTED URBAN LANDSCAPE SPACES ENHANCING THE EVERYDAY LIFE OF THE CITY

CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 05 Study Area Overview 06 PRINCIPLES AND CONCEPTS 08 Principles 10 Schedule 11 CITY WALK Connects Map 12 1 Minute / 5 Minute Walk 14 Event Every Minute 15 Linear Connections 16 Advocacy 17 KEY AREAS OF DETAILED DESIGN INVESTIGATION Parcel Integration Parcels 22 / 25 & Dyer Street Crossing Parcels 28 & 35 - Green Infrastructure Friendship-Clifford Street Bridge Trinity Square & Grace Cemetery Knight Memorial Library Columbus Square Connections to Roger Williams Park Riverwalk & Wickenden Street Crossing

18 20 22 24 26 34 36 38 40 42

CREDITS 44

CITY WALK

APPENDIX A01 Formal Plans A02 Precedents A05 CITY WALK ROUTE Diagrams A14 Cultural Vitality A16 CITY WALK Distance & Time A20 I-195 Redevelopment Area A22 Point Street Bridge Tidal Study A24 Links / References / Sources / Zoning A26 CITY WALK Meeting Minutes A28

CITY WALK

BIKE

CITY...

PLAY

RUN EAT

READ JOG

CITY WALK

SHOP

MEET

RELAX ART

WALK

INTRODUCTION CITY WALK is a broadly scaled pedestrian/ bike system that connects eight Providence neighborhoods arcing from Roger Williams Park on the southwest to India Point Park on the east. CITY WALK is about movement (walking, running, biking) and public space (sidewalks, parks, streets, trees, courtyards, lawns, waterways, bridges). Whether by optimizing existing public space through physical improvements and programming, or by creating great new public places, or by encouraging exploration of these public assets, CITY WALK will add value to the daily life of all who live, work or visit Providence. The concept first emerged as the “East-West Greenway” during the Old Harbor Forums, an initiative of the Providence Planning Department, the Providence Foundation, the American Institute of Architects RI and the Providence Preservation Society:

advocacy of The Providence Foundation and the Jewelry District Association support for CITY WALK has grown markedly over the years and includes Mayor Angel Taveras. For a list of other supporters please see page 44. CITY WALK is included in the City’s official Comprehensive Plan and in the Redevelopment District Commission’s plans for the I-195 parcels. Thus, we are pleased to present CITY WALK Study 2014, which outlines ways the Providence community can make CITY WALK a reality. It is a call for action to get CITY WALK moving. Please consider how you, your neighborhood, your organization, can pitch in. We thank the other financial sponsors of this Study: Brown University, The Colosseum, Hecht Development, the Jewelry District Foundation and The Rhode Island Foundation. Finally, we thank L+A Landscape Architecture,

“Forge a greenway from Fox Point to Old Harbor, through the Jewelry District and to the beginning of the South Side (visual corridor, bike, pedestrian, linear park). Create a ribbon of connectivity.”

particularly its Principal, Ron Henderson, for this

for years. During this time Ron Henderson has

(Old Harbor Forums, 2006, Report Summary)

Over time the concept was expanded and refined. One goal is to maximize the impact of the I-195 development opportunity. Through the

comprehensive and stimulating Study and for their persistent guidance, leadership and technical ability which have shepherded CITY WALK provided countless pro-bono hours including his time on this report. Without Ron Henderson, there would be no CITY WALK.

Daniel Baudouin The Providence Foundation

Phoebe Blake Jewelry District Association

CITY WALK

providencecitywalk@gmail.com

STUDYOVERVIEW AREA The CITY WALK study area encompasses the full extent of CITY WALK from Providence’s Fox Point neighborhood to Roger Williams Park. Defining the CITY WALK route within the study area was a critical component of this Study Report. The CITY WALK route can be described as two loops and the connection between them. The Wickenden Street loop includes India Point Park and the Wickenden Street retail district. The connector runs along the riverfront, crosses the river on the

future pedestrian bridge, extends through the I-195 Redevelopment corridor across I-95 on the “Friendship-Clifford Street Bridge”, and continues down Friendship Street to Grace Cemetery. The Roger Williams Park loop links Elmwood Avenue and Broad Street at the north end of the loop through Grace Cemetery and through Roger Williams Park on the south end. The total length of CITY WALK is roughly 7.5 miles.

Base information for this study is drawn from the most recently available information from the following sources:

Side Park 30% Plan and West Side Park 30% Plan

In particular, the following documents were closely reviewed: The LINK: Developer’s Toolkit Providence Tomorrow: The Downtown Plan

CITY WALK

Providence Tomorrow: Upper South Providence, Lower South Providence, and Elmwood Neighborhood Plan

River Road Plan Fred Lippit Woonasquatucket River Greenway Plan Guide To Cycling in the Ocean State A Vision for Revitalization: The Trinity Gateway Project at Grace Church Cemetery Additionally, previous historic plans were reviewed:

Elmwood Avenue Enhancement report

Jewelry District/Old Harbor Planning Framework Study 2008

I-195 Redevelopment District Commission East

Providence 2020 Plan 2005

DOWNTOWN

FOX POINT

JEWELRY DISTRICT

WEST END

UPPER S. PROVIDENCE

LOWER S. PROVIDENCE

ELMWOOD WASHINGTON PARK

SOUTH ELMWOOD

CITY WALK

PRINCIPLES

PRINCIPLE 1

CITY WALK

CITY WALK connects eight Providence neighborhoods via a network of pedestrian spaces and bicycle routes.

PRINCIPLE 2

CITY WALK improves equitable access to urban assets.

supports community initiatives celebrates neighborhood character advances economic development generates new public spaces promotes green infrastructure 9

CITY WALK

POLICY

“The redevelopment of the I-195 parcels, with the development of new waterfront parks and a pedestrian bridge that links them together, provides an opportunity to consider a larger network of linked urban spaces that connect Fox Point to the Jewelry District continuing through the I-195 parcels and linking across I-95 along the Friendship Street Bridge to Upper South Providence and the Southside neighborhoods. ...To fill in the missing pieces from India Point Park, through the waterfront parks and pedestrian bridge will require careful planning of the I-195 parcels with special consideration for the pedestrian movements through the corridor. Public access through building plazas or courtyards can be an essential component to making the linked network of open spaces a success, while ensuring the I-195 parcels are fully redeveloped. In addition, a coherent identity, such as “CITY WALK”, together with a branding and way-finding program, will help to promote this new network of linked urban spaces.” [from the Comprehensive Plan Providence Tomorrow 2010]

CITY WALK

“CITY WALK and other priority walking routes should be accommodated along adjacent streets and/or across parcels. These routes connect to regional recreation routes, parks, adjacent residential neighborhoods, and the main Brown campus on College Hill. Development should accommodate these walking routes by providing extra sidewalk width for more generous walking space and plantings, and/ or providing passage across a parcel where it creates a more direct walking route and is flanked by active spaces.” [The Link - Developer’s Toolkit 2013]

CITY WALK

SCHEDULE

2008

2010

SEPT 2014 SPRING 2015

EAST-WEST GREENWAY

CITY WALK IN COMP PLAN

WALK YOUR CITY WALK

BIKE TO THE PARK SUNDAYS

BUILT PUBLIC SPACES OPPORTUNITIES FOR DEVELOPMENT

2010

AUG 2014 NOV 2014

MARK & EVENT

ACADEMIC DESIGN STUDIO

CITY WALK STUDY

ESTABLISH CITY WALK ROUTE

NEW MAYOR AND COUNCIL ELECTED

JEWELRY DISTRICT BUILD-OUT

INFORMATIONAL & WAYFINDING SIGNAGE

2013 CITY WALK IN DEVELOPERS TOOLKIT

ART INSTALLATIONS GUIDED TOURS NEIGHBORHOOD WALKS BIKING EVENTS

Since it’s conceptual beginning in 2008, CITY WALK has grown into a tangible and widely accepted asset to Providence’s urban connectivity. At this point in time, CITY WALK has been written into City policy and development planning and is supported by neighborhood associations and other stakeholders. Next steps for CITY WALK include promoting and defining the route through programming and events; identifying the route with wayfinding and signage; encouraging the enhancement of poor connections and key areas; and continuing to advocate and support the Route through the I-195 development process ensuring a safe, enjoyable pedestrian and bicycle connection between Southside and the Eastside neighborhoods.

CITY WALK

CONNECTS

LEGEND MIDDLE/ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS

MUSEUMS

HIGH SCHOOLS

1 Children’s Museum 2 John Brown House Museum 3 Governor Stephen Hopkins House 4 RISD Museum 5 David Winton Bell Gallery 6 Haffenreffer Museum of Anthropology 7 Governor Henry Lippitt House Museum 8 Nelson W. Aldrich House 9 Natural History Museum 10 Culinary Arts Museum

REC CENTERS COMMUNITY GARDENS MUSEUMS LIBRARIES CULTURE, ENTERTAINMENT AND PLACES OF INTEREST POP-UP ART PARK / OPEN SPACE WATER BROWN UNIVERSITY RHODE ISLAND SCHOOL OF DESIGN JOHNSON & WALES OTHER INSTITUTIONS INCLUDING: URI, PROVIDENCE COLLEGE, CCRI, RI HOSPITAL HISTORIC DISTRICTS PROPOSED HISTORIC DISTRICTS CITYWALK ROUTE BLUEWAYS EAST COAST GREENWAY PAINTED BIKE LANES PHASE 2 BIKE ROUTES PHASE 1BIKE ROUTES FRED LIPPIT WOONASQUATUCKET RIVER GREENWAY HISTORIC BENEFIT STREET PROVIDENCE INDEPENDENCE TRAIL RIPTA BUS LINES RAILWAYS

CITY WALK

ROADS

CULTURE, ENTERAINMENT AND PLACES OF INTEREST

Rhode Island State House 1 Providence Place Mall 2 AS220 3 Roger Williams Park Botanical Center 4 Roger Williams Zoo 5 RI State House 6 Dunkin’ Donuts Center 7 Trinity Repertory Company 8 Lupo’s Heartbreak Hotel 9 Providence Performing Arts Center 10 The Arcade 11 Veterans Memorial Auditorium 12 Roger Williams National Memoiral 13 Cable Car Cinema 14 Annmary Brown Memorial 15 Avon Cinema 16 The Steel Yard 17 The Wilbury Theatre 18 Sheldon Street Church 19 Saint Joseph Church 20 First Baptist Church 21 Save The Bay Center

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7 2

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CITY WALK

THE ROUTE

CITY WALK

1 MINUTE WALK. 5 MINUTE WALK 14

STREET TREES, IMPROVED INTERSECTION

FOOD TRUCK

PROVIDE SIGNAGE/ WAYFINDING

GANO PARK

FARMER’S MARKET

PEDESTRIAN BRIDGE WICKENDEN STREET RETAIL BENEFIT STREET

FRIENDSHIP-CLIFFORD STREET BRIDGE PROGRAMMING EVENTS

POP-UP STORE

TRINITY SQUARE / GRACE CEMETERY

SHOOTER’S SITE WATERFRONT ACCESS INDIA POINT PARK BROAD STREET RETAIL & BUSINESS DISTRICTS

Potential Signage PUBLIC ART

COLUMBUS SQUARE

SUPER-GRAPHICS

BROAD STREET OVERPASS BROAD ST. PARK ENTRANCE

ELMWOOD AVE UNDERPASS Cut out Sign - Washington, DC

PLACE MAKING

http://www.flickr.com/photos/idlegnome/4568788520/

ELMWOOD AVE. PARK ENTRANCE

COMMUNITY GARDENS & FOOD Map Signage - Bath, England http://typophile.com/node/80630

HISTORY AND CULTURE

LIGHTING

WAYFINDING

ZOO ROGER WILLIAMS PARK

A robust and interesting walking experience is developed by applying an “Event Every Minute” objective to the CITY WALK route. The average 1 minute walking distance is approximately 283 feet which could also be viewed as an average city block length. Looking at the CW route minute-by-minute — or block-by-block — areas are identified as either successfully meeting the Event Every Minute goal or as opportunities for enhancement.

MICRO-PARK / PLAY AREA

INFORMATION

EVENT EVERY MINUTE. OPPORTUNITIES 15

CITY WALK

THE ROUTE HISTORIC CULTURAL TRAILS

FRED LIPPIT WOONASQUATUCKET RIVER GREENWAY

RIVERWALK PROVIDENCE HIGH LINE

DOWNTOWN

RIVER ROAD TO BLACKSTONE RIVER BIKEWAY

FOX POINT

CITY WALK

EAST COAST GREENWAY

WEST END

UPPER S. PROVIDENCE

EAST BAY BIKE PATH

LOWER S. PROVIDENCE

ELMWOOD WASHINGTON PARK

SOUTH ELMWOOD

CITY WALK enhances and adds connectivity to existing linear routes through Providence.

CITY WALK

For the CITY WALK route to be completely successful, areas where there is existing obstruction or potential for obstruction need to be addressed to add, maintain, and improve accessibility.

A NETWORK OF LINEAR CONNECTIONS 16

CITY WALK

THE ROUTE ADVOCATE DURING DEVELOPMENT PROCESS

ADVOCATE AND SUPPORT CURRENT INITIATIVES AND CONNECTIONS

ADVOCATE ENHANCED CONNECTIONS

CITY WALK advocacy can be targeted to specific needs in three sections. Continue advocacy for public access on Riverwalk. Promote and maintain existing and developing connections. Continue promoting CITY WALK in the I-195 redevelopment planning process to insure that this critical link between the south and east is incorporated into development as a accessible public connection. Advocacy for developing connections that move towards making the south loop a safe, fun, contiguous walking and biking experience.

CITY WALK

ADVOCACY

CITY WALK

KEY AREAS OF INVESTIGATION

PARCEL 22 / 25 & DYER STREET CROSSING

HARBORWALK & WICKENDEN STREET CROSSING

FRIENDSHIP CLIFFORD BRIDGE

TRINITY SQUARE & GRACE CEMETERY

KNIGHT MEMORIAL LIBRARY

CITY WALK

COLUMBUS SQUARE

CONNECTIONS TO ROGER WILLIAMS PARK 1. ELMWOOD AVE. UNDERPASS 2. CADILLAC DRIVE TUNNEL 3. BROAD ST. OVERPASS

KEY AREAS OF DETAILED DESIGN INVESTIGATION I-195 Parcel Integration Riverwalk & Wickenden Street Crossing Parcels 22 / 25 & Dyer Street Crossing Parcels 28 & 35 - Green Infrastructure Friendship-Clifford Street Bridge Trinity Square & Grace Cemetery Knight Memorial Library Columbus Square Connections to Roger Williams Park Note: These are some of the key areas that warrant detailed investigation; there are others.

CITY WALK

DESIGN INVESTIGATION KEY AREAS

PARCEL INTEGRATION

WIDE SIDEWALK WITH ECOLOGICAL INFRASTRUCTURE

IMPROVE PEDESTRIAN REALM OF CLIFFORD/ FRIENDSHIP BRIDGE

CITY WALK

CONTINUES TO ROGER WILLIAMS PARK

PLANTED BUFFER AND BRIDGE THRESHOLD

WEST SIDE RIVERWALK

DORRANCE STREET PROMENADE PEDESTRIAN BRIDGE

CONNECTS TO RIVERWALK

THROUGH BUILDING CONNECTOR @ PARCEL 42

DYER STREET CROSSING

ECOLOGICAL INFRASTRUCTURE COURTYARD

RICHMOND AND CLIFFORD SQUARE (COMPENSATE FOR NARROW JEWELRY DISTRICT SIDEWALK)

* NOTE: BASED ON DEVELOPER’S

TOOLKIT SUGGESTED BUILDING FOOTPRINTS

CITY WALK

DESIGN INVESTIGATION KEY AREAS

PARCEL 22 & 25

CITY WALK

Building massing provides ground-floor public use and greater than 300,000 sf of research laboratory.

COURTYARD/CAMPUS Through block connections. 22

THIS WAY TO THE INTERSECTION OF RICHMOND AND CLIFFORD STREETS

CREDIT: Mitchell J. Cashett, Penn State Landscape Arch Design Studio 2012

CITY WALK can take advantage of open space defined in the Developerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Toolkit through Parcels 22 and 25 to make as direct and continuous route as possible between the West Side Park and the significant corner at Clifford and Richmond Streets. This route for CITY WALK through Parcels 22 and 25 can take many forms as long as it is open to the public: courtyards, plazas, lobbies, winter gardens, arcades, pedestrian alleys, and other typologies.

Parcels 22 & 25 imposed onto the Holyoke Center and Harvard Square area. Includes: Retail shops, public plazas, multi-modal transportation, office space, and through block connections.

HARVARD COOP @ HARVARD SQUARE

H BLOCK

THROUG

AU BON PAIN HARVARD COOP @ HARVARD SQUARE

OUT OF TOWN NEWS

SCALE 1:100

50 100

200

HOLYOKE CENTER @ HARVARD SQUARE SUPERIMPOSED ON WEST SIDE OF DYER ST.

THOMAS ST

WATERMAN ST

RISD MUSEUM

HARVARD COOP @ HARVARD SQUARE

MARKET SQUARE

SUPERIOR COURT

SCALE 1:100

50 100

200

Parcels 22 & 25 imposed onto Providence at South Main St. & College St. Includes: RISD Museum, 6 RISD campus buildings, RISD auditorium, public plaza areas, through block connections and a significant portion of the State Superior Court building.

RISD MUSEUM @ RISD PROVINDENCE SUPERIMPOSED ON WEST SIDE OF DYER ST.

Regional examples that fit within the 31,300sq. ft. (0.7 acre) Parcels 22 & 25 footprint.

CITY WALK

SCALE COMPARISON

DESIGN INVESTIGATION KEY AREAS

PARCEL 28 & 35 WIDE SIDEWALKS ECOLOGICAL INFRASTRUCTURE: WIDE LINEAR PLANTED AREAS, UNDERGROUND CISTERNS

ACTIVATED SPACE WITH PERVIOUS SURFACE AT PARKING LOT EDGE

CITY WALK

ECOLOGICAL INFRASTRUCTURE: SURFACE WATER ROUTING, LINEAR TREE TROUGHS AND UNDERGROUND CISTERN SYSTEM

The vegetation in this area is representative of common riparian species in Rhode Island and provides an aesthetically pleasing experience from both the ground level as well as the Brown University Research Facility.

The Providence River and Narragansett Bay are less than a quarter mile east of Parcels 28 & 35. These parcels are ideal locations for implementing green infrastructure concepts and best practices in urban development. Wide sidewalks are planted pedestrian parkways designed with underground systems to hold water on site reducing nonpoint source pollution in the Bay.

CREDIT: Mitchell J. Cashett, Penn State Landscape Arch Design Studio 2012

The teak decking provides pedestrians with access to the north and south sections of the courtyard. It also leads to greater connections within Providence’s core.

The underground cistern provides adjacent buildings with greywater and irrigates the system’s plantings as needed.

Seating along CITY WALK is provided by two-sided benches. The 12’x3’ seating platform allows for a multitude of seating options. Metal grates collect rainwater from the streets and rooftops allowing for uninterrupted foot traffic and providing a visual cue to the underground stormwater system.

The angled curb provides a backstop for stormwater, increasing the total amount of water captured.

Perforated pipe transports water not used by vegetation to underground cistern.

Reducing the hydrological impact of impervious surfaces in an urban setting

CITY WALK

GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE

DESIGN INVESTIGATION KEY AREAS

FRIENDSHIP-CLIFFORD STREET BRIDGE

NO SHADE NO BIKE LANE LIGHTING SCALE FOR CARS NOT PEDESTRIANS LACK OF SEQUENTIAL SPACIAL DEFINITION

CITY WALK

NOISY DUSTY HOT OR... WINDY COLD

Pedestrian Experience of 523 Feet: Rhythm of Change Westminster Street (Mathewson Street – Eddy Street)

Clifford Street Bridge (West Franklin Street – East Franklin Street)

Pedestrian Experience523 of 523 Context FEETFeet: FREINDSHIP-CLIFFORD

STREET BRIDGE

Pedestrian Experience of 523 Feet: Rhythm of Change

523 FEET FREINDSHIP-CLIFFORD STREET BRIDGE

Westminster Street (Mathewson Street – Eddy Street)

523 FEET ON WESTMINSTER STREET Clifford Street Bridge (West Franklin Street – East Franklin Street)

523 FEET ON WESTMINSTER STREET a 523 footStreet walking distance the Friendship-Clifford Clifford StreetComparing Bridge (West Franklin – East Franklin on Street) Street Bridge to a 523 feet walk on Westminster Street.

CONTEXT AND RHYTHM OF CHANGE PATTERN EXAMPLES

In the diagrams, existing streetscape elements on the Friendship-Clifford Street Bridge and on Westminster St. are each assigned a different shade of gray. Elements such as paving materials, street amenities, lighting, and vegetation were included. The resulting diagrams illustrate the sameness of the Friendship-Clifford Street Bridge pedestrian experience and the varied rich texture of a similar length walk down Westminster Street.

TYPICAL PLACEMENT Typical Placement

CHANGE RHYTHM OF DENSITY Change Rhythm of Density

+ 2 MATERIALS Change Rhythm of Density + Two Materials

+ 2 MATERIALS + VERTICAL SCALE Change Rhythm of Density + Two Materials +Vertical Scale Objects Repurposed Highway Markers — Everyday Objects into Unexpected Installations

By introducing material change and pattern variability, a walking experience can be elevated in richness and interest.

Walking 523 feet: Context and Rhythm of Change

CITY WALK

PEDESTRIAN EXPERIENCE

DESIGN INVESTIGATION KEY AREAS

FRIENDSHIP-CLIFFORD STREET BRIDGE

EXISTING LIGHTING Clifford Street Bridge Existing Lighting

EXISTING LIGHTING

EXISTING LIGHTING PATTERN

Clifford Street Bridge Existing Lighting

EXISTING LIGHTING High, overhead, uniformly spaced cobra lights.

Clifford Street Bridge Existing Lighting Pattern

PEDESTRIAN SCALE LIGHTING

CITY WALK

Variable rhythm rather than monotonous regularity

BRIDGE APPROACHES

ALTERNATE LIGHTING SCALES

BRIDGE UNDERSIDE & SIDES

ALTERNATE LIGHTING SCALES

Clifford Street Bridge Approaches

Clifford Street Bridge Alternate Lighting Scales

I - 95 Bridge Sequence

ALTERNATIVE LIGHTING PATTERN

LIGHTING OPPORTUNITIES

Clifford Streetand Bridge Alternate Lighting Pattern Surfaces and locations available for lighting enhancement. Alternative lighting patterns scales.

LIGHTED STRUCTURE Uplighting, color washes, color changes.

LIGHTED WALKWAY

Variable height & location. Extensions into adjacent neighborhoods.

CITY WALK

Lighting: Bridge

DESIGN INVESTIGATION KEY AREAS

FRIENDSHIP-CLIFFORD STREET BRIDGE

I-95 Corridor I - 95 Corridor

I - 95 Corridor

I-95 North / Friendship-Clifford St. Bridge

OPPORTUNITIES

Bridge thresholds and road-side areas available for tree and shrub planting.

Thresholds

Clifford Street Bridge Thresholds

Benefits of installing an arboreal buffer and threshold at the Friendship-Clifford Street Bridge include: Creating a green gateway and relationship between the two neighborhoods joined by the bridge. Reducing the perceived overall length of the bridge by as much as 80 feet—or 15%—by planting to the 40 ft. buffer at both thresholds.

100’

Mown Meadow Deciduous Threshold Shrub Massing Evergreen Buffer

Planting plan at I-95 and Friendship-Clifford Street Bridge

CITY WALK

hold

Creating a visual and sound buffer zone between the I-95 corridor and the adjacent neighborhoods. Establishing a visual landmark for pedestrians and bicyclists approaching the bridge from the south and east.

DECIDUOUS THRESHOLD

EVERGREEN BUFFER

SHRUB MASSING MOWED MEADOW

20 Ft.Visibility Corridor 40 Ft.Clear Zone

I-95 SB / East Franklin Street Looking I-95 at East Franklin Street: northwest viewNorthwest

EVERGREEN BUFFER

DECIDUOUS THRESHOLD

10 FT.

EVERGREEN BUFFER

Friendship-Clifford Street Bridge: southwest view 10 Ft. Sidewalk

5 Ft. Bikelane

2 x10 Ft. Travel Lanes

10 Ft. Sidewalk

10 FT.

Increase tree canopy and create bridge thresholds

CITY WALK

GREEN THRESHOLDS AND BUFFERS Clifford Street Bridge Looking Southwest

DESIGN INVESTIGATION KEY AREAS

FRIENDSHIP-CLIFFORD STREET BRIDGE

Security Fence

Road Surface

Bridge underside & structure

Sidewalk

Stewart & Friendship St. Crosswalk

W. Franklin & Friendship St. Crosswalk

Clifford Street Bridge Security Fence

Clifford Street Bridge Road Surface

Clifford Street Bridge Sidewalk

I - 95 Bridge Sequence

Stewart Street + Friendship Street Crosswalk

West Franklin Street + Friendship Street Crosswalk

SURFACE OPPORTUNITIES

CITY WALK

Surfaces available for color, texture and safety enhancement.

OBJECTS

Markers

Surface

Pavement markers and reflectors used in unexpected installations 32

SURFACE

Paint, materials, extensions into adjacent neighborhoods.

FUTURE PEDESTRIAN/ BIKE BRIDGE

Future opportunities for FriendshipClifford Street Bridge: A parallel bridge exclusively for pedestrian/bicycles would be the safest and most desirable connection for pedestrians and bicyclists across the I-95 corridor. The Friendship-Clifford Street Bridge bicycle lane would connect to bikeways/routes at Providence River Pedestrian Bridge and Elmwood Avenue intersecting with existing designated routes.

FUTURE OPPORTUNITIES

Construction of parallel bridge exclusively for pedestrians and bicycles.

Design Recommendations

Friendship-Clifford Street Bridge

The Friendship-Clifford Street Bridge is presently an uninspired —but critically important—section of CITY WALK that can be enhanced greatly by applying a variable, rich, and textured program to the pedestrian experience.

1 New planting design to increase tree density Add evergreen trees and shrub layer for visual enclosure and road noise mitigation. 2 New environmental graphic and materials design incorporating protected bikeway/ sidewalk barriers. 3 New pedestrian scaled lighting design Variable rhythm rather than monotonous regularity.

Simple barrier options for comfort and safety.

CITY WALK

LANE DIVIDERS

DESIGN INVESTIGATION KEY AREAS

TRINITY SQUARE & GRACE CEMETERY R

SOUTHSIDE CULTUR AL CENTER THE WILBURY THE ATRE GROUP

R SALVATION ARMY COMMUNIT Y CENTER

STREET ART INSTALL ATION

RESTORE EXISTING WALL & REPLACE FENCE AT ELMWOOD AVE

ADD ACCESS POINTS

GARDEN OF INNOCENCE

ADD STREET TREES IMPROVE ACCESSIBILITY OF PRIMARY PATHS

ENLARGE SIDEWALK

12 MINUTE WALK TO FRIENDSHIP-CLIFFORD STREET BRIDGE

PROGRAMING AREAS CIT Y FARM PARK

CAFE

CITY WALK

9 MINUTE WALK TO KNIGHT MEMORIAL LIBRARY

100

COLUMBARIUM WALL & IMPROVED WALKWAY

TO BROAD STREET BUSINESS DISTRICT

200

PROGRAMING AREAS

ENLARGE SIDEWALK

Broad Street view west

PROGRAMING AREA RESTORE EXISTING WALL & REPLACE FENCE AT ELMWOOD AVE

Elmwood Avenue view east

Design Recommendations

Trinity Square & Grace Cemetery 1 Access Improve access and walkways throughout 2 Programming Enhance areas for year-round programming Potential programming examples: Farmers markets, seasonal craft and gift vendor shows, flea markets, live music, and international food & cultural events

3 Further investigate the viability of constructing a Columbarium wall & improved walkway along the southern perimeter of Grace Cemetery.

CITY WALK

DESIGN INVESTIGATION KEY AREAS

9 MINUTE WALK TO GRACE CEMETERY

SCHOOL ZONE BEGINS AT PLENTY STREET

ELMW

OOD

AV E N

KNIGHT MEMORIAL LIBRARY

RAMPS UP (OPTIONAL)

PROGRAM EVENTS AND IMPROVE PUBLIC LANDSCAPE

KNIGHT MEMORIAL LIBR ARY

G I L B ER T ST E WA R T MIDDLE SCHOOL

SCHOOL HYPER ZONE CONTINUOUS CROSSWALK MARKING OR TEXTURE

ENHANCED CROSSWALKS SCHOOL ZONE BEGINS AT MAWNEY STREET

CITY WALK

RAMPS UP (OPTIONAL)

11 MINUTE WALK TO COLUMBUS SQUARE

AFTER SCHOOL ACTIVITIES

EVENTS: BOOK SALE SAFE ROUTES TO SCHOOLS ITS A PORCH, NOT A DOORMAT

Design Recommendations

Knight Memorial Library 1 Promote events Book sale / Safe routes to schools / After school activities

Raised textured crosswalks in Ohio and San Francisco.

2 Establish “School Zone” with reduced vehicle speed limits, signage, pedestrian priority crosswalks, and lighting. 3 Safer street crossing Enhance crosswalks at Princeton Ave, Moore St., and Daboll St. with traffic calming ramps, flashing beacons, and bolder wider crosswalks. Paint and/or install textured pavement to the entire roadway from Princeton Ave. to Moore Street to distinguish it as a continuous crosswalk.

CITY WALK

The “front porch” on-street Library open space is an asset for programming such as book sales and community events.

DESIGN INVESTIGATION KEY AREAS

COLUMBUS SQUARE

PAUL CUFFEE SCHOOL

WALLGREENS

11 MINUTE WALK TO KNIGHT MEMORIAL LIBRARY

SHORTER SAFER PEDESTRIAN CROSSING

FEINSTEIN HIGH SCHOOL

ADD AMENITIES AND RECONFIGURE TO CREATE A USABLE SPACE RELOCATE COLUMBUS STATUE FACING EAST ATLANTIC AVE CLOSED TO VEHICULAR TRAFFIC

SAFER PEDESTRIAN CROSSING

CITY WALK

17 MINUTE WALK TO ROGER WILLIAMS PARK

ADD AMENITIES AND RECONFIGURE TO BE AN ENJOYABLE SPACE RELOCATE COLUMBUS STATUE TO ATLANTIC AVE

CITY WALK INCLUDES ENTIRE COLUMBUS SQUARE AREA

Design Recommendations

Columbus Square 1 Safer pedestrian crossings by shortening the distance across Elmwood Avenue and Reservoir Avenue. 2 New traffic pattern to direct inbound Reservoir Avenue traffic to Elmwood Avenue via Adelaide Ave. before Columbus Square. 3 Move the statue of Christopher Columbus to a position facing east along Atlantic Avenue as the new focal point for the park located farther from the noisy intersection. 4 Economic development will likely occur with a safe, well-designed public space.

CITY WALK

DESIGN INVESTIGATION KEY AREAS

CONNECTIONS TO ROGER WILLIAMS PARK

Elmwood Avenue under pass

Broad Street over pass

BROAD STREET ENTRANCE

CITY WALK

POTENTIAL FUTURE PARK CONNECTION THROUGH TUNNEL AT CADILLAC DRIVE

ELMWOOD AVE. ENTRANCE

DESIGN INVESTIGATION KEY AREAS

BIKE TO PARK WEEKEND

LANE CLOSURE ENDS AT COLUMBUS SQUARE

All ages safely bike ride at Cyclovia Providence.

One side of a major road is used for Open Streets Bogotรก.

Design Recommendations

Connections to Roger Williams Park 1 Enhance and distinguish the pedestrian and bicycle experience on the Broad Street overpass and the Elmwood Avenue underpass with pedestrian scale lighting, graphics, surface treatment, and the installation of dedicated, protected bicycle lanes. LANE CLOSURE ENDS AT PARK ENTRANCE

2 Close half of Elmwood Avenue to cars on weekends to allow for a safe connection from the Elmwood neighborhood to the entrance of Roger Williams Park.

CITY WALK

3 Continue investigation of the tunnel connection at Cadillac Avenue.

DESIGN INVESTIGATION KEY AREAS

RIVERWALK & WICKENDEN STREET CROSSING 5 MINUTE WALK TO WEST SIDE PARK

WICKENDEN STREET CROSSING AT SOUTH WATER STREET

POINT STREET BRIDGE FLOATING UNDER PASS

4 4

CONTINUITY OF RIVERWALK

BOARDWALK BYPASSES OBSTRUCTED WALKWAY S. INDIA ST.

CITY WALK

9 MINUTE WALK TO PEDESTRIAN BRIDGE

PROGRAMMABLE SPACE ON ROUTE

9 MINUTE WALK TO INDIA POINT PARK

Floating boardwalk in Florida.

The CITY WALK route at Wickenden Street / Point Street Bridge has several potential scenarios. All utilize crossing Wickenden St. at S. Water St. as it is the only safe crossing location. The fourth scenario provides an intermittent, tide dependent alternative to the S. Water St. crossing. Rough calculations indicate that this option is viable. 1.The continuity of Riverwalk is the most ideal scenario along the waterfront section of the route. 2. A floating boardwalk that bypasses the existing obstructed walkway. 3. CITY WALK is on South India Street off of the waterfront. 4. A floating under pass low tide alternative to the Wickenden St. crossing at S. Water St.

Floating boardwalk on the Schuylkill River, Philadelphia.

Design Recommendations

Wickenden / Point Street Crossing 1 Continuity of Riverwalk 2 Further explore potential of floating boardwalk 3 Insure park connections and street crossings are clearly defined and well marked for CITY WALK continuity

CITY WALK

A vegetative barrier discourages jay-walking at dangerous locations. Hudson River Park, NYC.

CITY WALK Special Thanks

CITY WALK Supporters

Brown University

Mayor Angel Taveras

The Colosseum

Representative Grace Diaz

Hecht Development

Representative Christopher Blazejewski

Jewelry District Association

American Institute of Architects/RI

Jewelry District Foundation

Fox Point Neighborhood Association

Providence Foundation

Grow Smart RI

Rhode Island Foundation

Providence Children’s Museum Rhode Island Bicycle Coalition

CITY WALK Contributors L+A Landscape Architecture Ron Henderson FASLA Tanya Kelley Kate Dana

Robert Cabral Matt Dallos Ying Lin Kouichiro Nakajima

RISD Professors Anne Tate, James Barnes and Colgate Searle Sierra Club RI Chapter ShapeUp RI Southside Community Land Trust “CiTY WALK Participants: CiTY WALK thanks the City and State Officials, the various organizations and the individual residents of Providence and Rhode Island whose interest in CiTY WALK meetings and ongoing discussions have contributed to this report.”

APPENDIX APPENDIX CONTENTS A01 Formal Plans A02 Precedents A05 CITY WALK ROUTE Diagrams A14 Cultural Vitality A16 CITY WALK Distance & Time A18 I-195 Redevelopment Area A20 Point Street Bridge Tidal Study A22 Links / References / Sources / Zoning A24 CITY WALK Meeting Minutes A26

A01

CITY WALK

APPENDIX

JEWELRY DISTRICT PLAN FORMAL PLANS

OLD HARBOR PLAN

FORMAL PLANS

Jewelry District Plan

Jewelry District Plan Old Harbor Plan

Old Harbor Plan Providence 2020 Plan

Providence 2020 Plan

PROVIDENCE 2020 PLAN

CITY WALK

FORMAL PLANS A02

EAST-WEST GREENWAY 2009 A03

CITY WALK

APPENDIX

CITY WALK

EAST-WEST GREENWAY 2009 A04

CITY WALK

APPENDIX: PRECEDENTS SEQUENTIAL / EPISODIC PATHS

G. CULLEN TOWNSCAPES, RIVERWALK (PROVIDENCE), PARKWAY (PHILADELPHIA, OLIN)

SECOND DRAFT 07.15.14

A05

CITY WALK

Benjamin Franklin Parkway Framework Plan: Philadelphia, PA

CITY WALK

APPENDIX PEDESTRIAN STREETS LAS RAMBLAS, BARCELONA

SECOND DRAFT 07.15.14

PEDESTRIAN PROMENADES

A06

SECOND DRAFT 07.15.14

CITY WALK

BLACKSTONE BOULEVARD, PROVIDENCE and COMMONWEALTH AVENUE, BOSTON

THROUGH-BLOCK CONNECTIONS

PAUL REVERE MALL (BOSTON), WESTSIDE RAILYARDS (MANHATTAN), LUDGATE (LONDON)

THROUGH BLOCK CONNECTIONS SECOND DRAFT 07.15.14 PROMENADES PLANTE (PARIS), ARCADE (PROVIDENCE)

SECOND DRAFT 07.15.14

A07

CITY WALK

APPENDIX

Ludgate Plaza: London, UK

CITY WALK

SECOND DRAFT 07.15.14

Hudson Yards: New York, NY

A08

Hudson Yards: New York, NY

A09

CITY WALK

Hudson Yards: New York, NY

CITY WALK

APPENDIX WINTER GARDENS

FORD FOUNDATION and BAMBOO COURT AT IBM, NEW YORK

SMALL URBAN PARKS

CITY WALK

BURNSIDE PARK, PROVIDENCE

A010

URBAN LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, WATER RECHARGE BASIN

GENEROUS PUBLIC SIDEWALKS MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA

A011

CITY WALK

APPENDIX BROAD TREE-LINED SIDEWALKS COURS MIRABEAU, AIX-EN-PROVENCE

WELL-CONSTRUCTED STREETS

CITY WALK

MARUNOUCHI-DORI, TOKYO

A012

PLAZAS AND URBAN COURTS

CENTRAL PARK / COLUMBUS CIRCLE, NEW YORK and RAYCOM PLAZA, BEIJING

PUBLICLY ACCESSIBLE GARDENS MUSEUM OF MODERN ART, NEW YORK

A013

CITY WALK

APPENDIX HILLS TO THE NORTH

PONDS TO THE SOUTH

HILL HARBOR POND

HILL HARBOR

CITY WALK

POND

HILLS, HARBOR & PONDS. THE ROUTE A014

HISTORIC DISTRICTS PROPOSED HISTORIC DISTRICTS

PARKS AND OPEN SPACE.

BIKE LANE BIKE ROUTE PHASE 1 BIKE ROUTE PHASE 2 EAST COAST GREENWAY

PUBLIC TRANSIT ROUTES

BIKE ROUTES BIKE LANE BIKE ROUTE PHASE 1 BIKE ROUTE PHASE 2 EAST COAST GREENWAY

A015

CITY WALK

ROUTE 6 TROLLEY GATRA ROUTES RAPID TRANSIT ROUTE 92 TROLLEY REGULAR BUS LINES PROPOSED DOWNTOWN CONNECTOR

HISTORIC DISTRICTS

CITY WALK

APPENDIX

analysis

Three I-195 conne Point acros Hill ne These betwe and e

Smith Hill College Hill

Federal Hill

Downtown

Fox Point

Jewelry District

India Point Park / I-195 Pedestrian Bridge

West End

Upper South Providence

Median Family Income >150,000 150,000 - 100,000 100,000 - 60,000 60,000 - 25,000

$12m invested connects higher income neighborhood to park

Providence River Pedestrian Bridge $8m - $15m invested connects higher income neighborhoods

The F Uppe in the desig

Friendship Street Bridge / I-95 Bridge no pedestrian investment to connect to lower income neighborhoods

College househ individu 75.7% W 14.4% A 5.0% H median

< 25,000

CITY WALK

India Poi

A016

dge

borhoods

in the Jewelry District, however, received no pedestrian design enhancement.

ridge nnect to

College Hill / Fox Point households: 2,135 individuals: 9,951 75.7% White 14.4% African American 5.0% Hispanic analysis median family income: $121,521

India Point Pedestrian Bridge

Downtown / Jewelry District households: 1,381 individuals: 2,678 68% White 11.9% African American 11.1% Hispanic median family income: $42,558

Upper South Providence households: 1,678 individuals: 4,965 28.7% White 34% African American 41.2% Hispanic median family income: $24,656

Providence River Pedestrian Bridge Friendship Street Bridge

ACCESS TO URBAN ASSETS Three bridges have been, or will be, constructed as part of the I-195 Relocation Project. The India Point Pedestrian Bridge connects the Fox Point Neighborhood across I-195 to India Point Park. The Providence River Pedestrian Bridge will be built across the Providence River to connect the Fox Point / College Hill neighborhoods with the Jewelry Distric neighborhood. These two pedestrian-only bridges provide enhance access between neighborhoods with both moderate to high incomes and economic stability.

ge Hill

ETS

Fox Point

rt of the dge ndia be built College od. ccess comes

cts opments

$12m invested connects higher income neighborhood to park

Providence River Pedestrian Bridge $8m - $15m invested connects higher income neighborhoods

The Friendship Street Bridge across I-95, which connects Upper South Providence with the promising new developments in the Jewelry District, however, received no pedestrian design enhancement.

Friendship Street Bridge / I-95 Bridge no pedestrian investment to connect to lower income neighborhoods

College Hill / Fox Point households: 2,135 individuals: 9,951 75.7% White 14.4% African American 5.0% Hispanic median family income: $121,521

Downtown / Jewelry District households: 1,381 individuals: 2,678 68% White 11.9% African American 11.1% Hispanic median family income: $42,558

India Point Pedestrian Bridge

Providence River Pedestrian Bridge Friendship Street Bridge

Upper South Providence households: 1,678 individuals: 4,965 28.7% White 34% African American 41.2% Hispanic median family income: $24,656

CULTURAL VITALITY. THE ROUTE

A017

CITY WALK

outh Providence holds: 1,678 uals: 4,965

India Point Park / I-195 Pedestrian Bridge

CITY WALK

A018

FEBRUARY

ETHNIC

ARTS - MUSIC

ARTS - DANCE

ARTS - EXHIBIT

ARTS - THEATRE

FREE

FAMILY

K-12

COLLEGE

ADULT JUNE

BankRI Independence Day Celebration Rhode Island Indian Council Powwow

MAY

Providence Open Market Day of Portugal Celebrations Gallery Night Providence

HOLIDAY APRIL

Basin Waterfires Gallery Night Providence

MARCH

Brown University Folk Festival International Spring Beer Festival Gallery Night Providence

Gallery Night Providence

JANUARY

Spring Flower and Garden Show Providence Boat Show Childrens Film Festival

Bright Night Providence Providence Boat Show

K provides a linear connective landscape that transects eighborhoods to amplify existing cultural and social the city. CITY WALK

APPENDIX JU

JUNE JULY OCTOBER

Craftland

Christmas Tree Lighting

NOVEMBER

Providence Holiday Market

Gallery Night Providence Great International Beer Festival

SEPTEMBER

Providence Ghost Tour Jack-o-lantern Spectacular The Original Providence Ghost Walk Rhode Island International Film Festival

AUGUST

Playful Kids Providence Riverwalk: Before Fires are Lit WaterFire FirstWorks Rotary Street Painting Festival Truck-a-palooza

BankRI Independence Day Celebration Rhode Island Indian Council Powwow Heritage Fest Gallery Night Providence National Puerto Rican Day Dominican Parade Rhode Island International Film Festival Puerto Rican Cultural Festival and Parade Gallery Night Providence

Providence Open Market Day of Portugal Celebrations Gallery Night Providence

DECEMBER

A019

CITY WALK

CULTURAL VITALITY. THE ROUTE

CITY WALK

APPENDIX

11 min

min

12 min

min

11 min

21 min

17 min

min

CITY WALK CITY WALK

DISTANCE & TIME

A020

WALKING SPEED AND TIME CITY WALK total length:

7.36 miles [approx.]

= 5,280 feet

1 mile

Average walking speed:

3.1 miles per hour

[16,368 feet per hour]

Avg. 5 minute walk:

approx. 1/4 of a mile [1,364 feet]

273 feet

Avg. 1 minute walk:

CITY WALK MILEAGE CALCULATOR FROM

FEET

MILE MINUTES

Wickenden St Crossing

Wickenden Street Retail Dist.

2,376

0.45

Wickenden St. Retail Dist.

Parking Lot, India Point Park

2,078

0.39

Parking Lot, India Point Park

Public Boating, India Point Park

1,997

0.38

Public Boating, India Point Park

Wickenden St. Crossing

2,466

0.47

Wickenden St. Crossing

Riverside Park

1,313

0.25

EAST SIDE

JEWELRY DIST Riverside Park

Friendship-Clifford Bridge

3,012

0.57

ELMWOOD Friendship-Clifford Bridge

Grace Cemetery

3,223

0.61

Grace Cemetery

Library/School

2,416

0.46

Library/School

Columbus Square

3,033

0.57

Columbus Square

Roger Williams Park Ent. - Elmwood Av. 4,329

0.82

ROGER WILLIAMS Roger Williams Park Ent. - Elmwood Av. Zoo Entrance

2,490

0.47

Roger Williams Park Ent. - Broad St.

2,393

0.45

Zoo Entrance

BROAD STREET Roger Williams Park Ent. - Broad St.

Historic District - Broad St.

1,617

1.06

Historic District - Broad St.

Grace Cemetery

2,129

0.40

TOTALS 34,872 7.36

146 minutes 2.44 hours

OTHER Gano Park

Wickenden St. Retail Dist.

1,925

0.36

Parking Lot, India Point Park

Wickenden St. Retail Dist.

1,565

0.30

Distances are approximate. Minutes are based on a 3.1 mile-per-hour average walking speed.

A021

CITY WALK

More detail on these standards appears in sections B .1, B.2, and B.3.

ZONING THE LINK PARCELS AND THE AREAS AROUND THEM CITYFOR WALK

APPENDIX

D1-120

P4 2

25 27

e Zon ting e loa Zon al F ting tion loa titu al F Ins I-3 tion titu Ins I-1

D1-200 (31) 30 41

D1-100

9 8

(36)

rl ve

t tric Dis

)

(ES

elr Jew

Sid ast

istr

D lay ver

ict

250

500

1,00

(SOURCE: DEVELOPERS’ TOOLKIT)

I-195 REDEVELOPMENT AREA

SOURCE: CITY OF PROVIDENCE DEPARTMENT OF PLANNING & DEVELOPMENT; ZONING AS OF 1 JANUARY 2014 Through building Park

CITYWALK access on ﬁrst ﬂoor open to public

Through building Public Square

CITYWALK access on ﬁrst ﬂoor open to public

Public Square 22

Jewelry District “LOOP” Jewelry District “LOOP” 31

30 31

Park

25 28

Pedestrian friendly bridge 41 36 Pedestrian friendly bridge

25 28

1A 2 P2

27 P2 6 Mid-block Courtyard

5 9 8

Mid-block Courtyard

41 34 36 37

9 8

Generous Sidewalk

Generous Sidewalk 37

CITY WALK

HOUSING MAXIMIZED N

A022

Generous Sidewalk Continuous wide sidewalk/ setback on sunny side of Cliﬀord Street for CITYWALK public space

Housing Research/ Oﬃce

250 500 0

1000FT 250 500

Park/ Public CITYWALK

1000FT

Housing

Research/ Oﬃc Park/ Public CITYWALK

Through building

Park

CITYWALK access on ﬁrst ﬂoor open to public

Through building Public Square

CITYWALK access on ﬁrst ﬂoor open to public

Public Square 22

Jewelry District “LOOP” Jewelry District “LOOP” 31

Pedestrian friendly bridge

5 9

Mid-block Courtyard

9 8

Generous Sidewalk

Generous Sidewalk 37

Generous Sidewalk Continuous wide sidewalk/ setback on sunny side of Cliﬀord Street for CITYWALK public space

Housing Research/ Oﬃce

Generous Sidewalk

Public Square Through building

A: Housing Maximized Public Square Jewelry “LOOP” B:District Research/ Oﬃce Maximized 25 28

Jewelry District “LOOP”

P3 22

25 28

Pedestrian friendly bridge

P4 22

250 500

Park/ Public CITYWALK

2 P2

Mid-block Courtyard

5 9 8

Mid-block Courtyard

41 34 36

Research/ Oﬃ

1000FT

Housing

CITYWALK

Park

P2 6 30

Park/ Public

1000FT

Park

CITYWALK access on ﬁrst ﬂoor open to public

250 500

Continuous wide sidewalk/ setback on sunny side of Cliﬀord Street for CITYWALK public space

CITYWALK access on ﬁrst ﬂoor open to public

9 8

Generous Sidewalk Generous Sidewalk

34 37 Generous Sidewalk

Continuous wide sidewalk/ setback on sunny side of Cliﬀord Street for CITYWALK public space

Generous Sidewalk Continuous wide sidewalk/ setback on sunny side of Cliﬀord Street for CITYWALK public space

Housing Research/ Oﬃce

250 500

1000FT 250 500

Park/ Public

CITY WALK

Mid-block Courtyard

41 34 36

HOUSING RESEARCH/ OFFICE BALANCED

Through building

36 Pedestrian friendly bridge

P2 6

RESEARCH/ OFFICE MAXIMIZED

25 28

30 31

41 36 Pedesrtian friendly bridge

Park

25 28

Housing

CITYWALK

Research/ Oﬃ

1000FT

A023

Park/ Public CITYWALK

CITY WALK

APPENDIX W I C K E N D E N S T R E E T / P O I N T S T R E E T B R I D G E U N D E R PA S S

H O U R S O F A C C E S S I B I LI T Y

AVERAGE HIGH AND LOW TIDE lines shown are an average of all tides for the month of May. TOTAL DAILY HOURS OF ACCESS show the sum of daily hours when the water level provides 7’ (or more) CLEARANCE HEIGHT under the bridge.

130 FEET

The total daily hours are not contiguous, they occur in intervals as the tide rises and falls. Tides throughout the year vary, but are similar to the May averages.

CITY WALK

TOTAL AVERAGE DAILY HOURS OF ACCESS AVERAGE HIGH TIDE 7’ CLEARANCE HEIGHT AVERAGE LOW TIDE

POINT STREET BRIDGE TIDAL ACCESS A024

The Study considered the CITY WALK route and posed the question: Should CITY WALK be a linear path or a wider area of varying width including whole blocks, neighborhoods, and spurs?

CITY WALK route as a linear path. CITY WALK route as aggregated larger areas. CITY WALK as a line does not just include one side of a street and neglect the other. CITY WALK encompasses the entire width of the street space from property line to property line.

CITY WALK as a linear path is more than just a line on a sidewalk.

A025

CITY WALK

LINE OR SHAPE THE ROUTE

CITY WALK

APPENDIX LINKS:

ZONING:

Providence & RI State

1.1.1.

Providence Park Groups http://providenceparks.org/groups/ Oral History link: Wickenden Fox Point https://itunes.apple.com/us/itunes-u/ speaking-wickenden-voices/id414018381?mt=10 RhodeTour http://www.rhodetour.org

Urban trails Indianapolis Cultural Trail http://indyculturaltrail.org/ Prairie Line Trail Tacoma, WA http://www.cityoftacoma.org/cms/One. aspx?portalId=169&pageId=6638 Riverwalk Culture Trail Elkhart, IN http://rct.toursphere.com/en/index.html REFERENCES & RESOURCES: “The LINK: Developer’s Toolkit” I-195 Redevelopment Commission “Providence Draft Zoning Ordinance” Preparied for the City of Providence by Camiros, March 2014

CITY WALK

“A Vision for Revitalization: The Trinity Gateway Project at Grace Church Cemetery” Gates, Leighton & Assoc., Newport Collaborative Architects, Inc., and Newberry Public Relations & Marketing Inc., 2003

D-1 Downtown Central Business District Zone

The D-1 zoning guidelines are set up to maintain and expand the urban density and walkability of Providence’s Downtown. Notes from the Draft Zoning Ordinance: “The purpose of the D-1 District is to encourage and direct development in the downtown to ensure that: new development is compatible with the existing historic building fabric and the historic character of downtown; historic structures are preserved and design alterations of existing buildings are in keeping with historic character; development encourages day and night time activities that relate to the pedestrian and promote the arts, entertainment and housing; greenways and open spaces are incorporated into the downtown; and the goals of the Comp Plan are achieved. The design of the exterior of all buildings, open spaces and all exterior physical improvements in the D-1 District must be regulated and approved through development plan review in accordance with the provisions of this Section.” Min ground floor heght:

12’

Min. building height:

3 stories

Max building height:

D-1-100 max. 100’

D-1-150 max. 150’

D-1-200 max. 200’

Min. Setbacks: A Street:

Build-to zone of 0-8’ with min.

build-to percentage of 80%

Elmwood Enhancement Plan 2008

B Street:

None

“Design Guidlines: Bus Shelters & Related Pedestrian Amenity Improvements”, prepared for the City of Providence and RIPTA, April 2013

Façade / Setback provisions may be waived to create courtyards, wider sidewalks, open space,

A026

and/or outdoor seating.

MAPPING SOURCES

Bonus Eligibility: Up to 30% additional building height eligibility for the following:

ProvPlan http://provplan.org/ http://mapper.provplan.org/property/

Active Ground Floor Uses Restaurants, retail, cultural or entertainment facilities, or other uses that promote petdestrian activity and commerce in Downtown.

Rhode Island Geographic Information System http://www.edc.uri.edu/rigis/data/ City of Providence

Min. 25% of ground floor area to qualify for bonus.

RIPTA

Publicly Accessible Open Space Areas of a lot that are publicly accessible every day, year-round, during daylight hours, and that are maintained by the property owner.

State of Rhode Island

% Lot Area Height Bonus 10 – 15% = 10% 16 – 25% = 20% >26% = 30%

I-195 Redevelopment Commission Neighborhood Associations REPORT IMAGE SOURCES pg. 15: Glick Peace Walk Indianapolis, reasite.com; Farmers Market rescue.org; Street Art piece “Sequence7” by Arne Quinze; Outdoor movie, Kris Craig, shopdowncity.com; Philly Food Forest, Reese Halter; Pop-Up-coffee-shop, Marc Smith, 30dayadventures.ca; providence-flea-and-foodtrucks, manfuelblog.com; wayfinding, downtownbellevue.com; pg. 26-30: Street view images source: Google & L+A Landscape Design. pg. 35: Street view images source: Google. pg. 37: Knight Memorial Library, RILA; Book sale, Jonathan Bilski, ttdila.com pg. 39: Columbus Square, L+A Landscape Architecture pg. 40: Elmwood under pass and Broad Street over pass, L+A Landscape Architecture pg. 41: Prov Cyclovia, Jack Kennedy, Eco RI; Open Street Bogota, sfbikecoalition.wordpress.com/ category/open-streets/

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CITY WALK

pg. 43: Fender Marine Construction, myfmca.org; Schylkill Bank Boardwalk, philly.com

CITY WALK

APPENDIX MEETING MINUTES APPENDIX: MEETING MINUTES Project:

City Walk: 1st Draft Review

Date:

9:00 AM, Friday, May 16, 2014

Location:

Providence Foundation Theater 30 Exchange Terrace, Providence, RI

tiger, local tree and signage funding (it can be used for urban stuff, as well as for trails). We should also coordinate with other initiatives, like the streetcar, etc. We are the little thing. How can we connect to the city’s bigger initiatives? However, it might be important to land the “big fish.” Getting a large grant might make it possible to get interest for smaller grants. 1.11. City Walk acknowledges and promotes street vitality 1.12. City Walk acknowledges and promotes safe streets / walking to school and bus

Invited/ Attendees:

Jewelry District Association, Planning & Zoning Committee: Arthur F. Salisbury (association president), Phoebe Blake (committee chair), Daniel A. Baudouin (ex. dir. The Providence Foundation), James Brown III, Lewis Dana, Peter McClure, Mike McCormick (Brown University), Leslie Myers, Ken Orenstein, Olin Thompson, Barbara Thornton

I-195 Redevelopment District: Jan Brodie (exec. dir.)

Providence Planning Department: Bonnie Nickerson (dir. of long-range planning), Dave Everett (principal planner)

Providence Bicycle & Pedestrian Advisory Commission: Eric Weis (chair)

SufaceMatter Design: Shonna Dowers, John Seeley

L+A Landscape Architecture: Ron Henderson (principal), Kate Dana, Robert Cabral

CITY WALK

CITY WALK FIRST DRAFT REVIEW INTRODUCTION 1.1. Brown University recently donated $5,000, and the Coliseum nightclub donated $500 to the project. 1.2. Today is the beginning of defining in more detail the loop. What is going on in specific areas of this plan? 1.3. Street Vitality: How can we increase pedestrian usage on commercial streets? 1.4. We can identify small spaces, pocket parks, etc. 1.5. We should look for opportunities to integrate systems, provide school safe streets, bikeways, etc. 1.6. Is there a connection between East Coast Greenway and City Walk? 1.7. There are opportunities to use consistent signage to illustrate our location, both in terms of wayfinding, as well as referring to historically/ecologically/culturally/ etc. significant locations. 1.8. We will have to decide, is City Walk a single line? How thick is this line? When does it thicken throughout the route? 1.9. A deliverable to highlight many of these objectives could be a diagram of connections throughout the City Walk route. 1.10. We should consider a list of potential grants: urban trail,

A028

EAST SIDE 2.1. Strong community interest in continuing City Walk to the east side of India Point Park 2.2. New public rowing /boating facility 2.3. Easy connection to Benefit Street 2.4. Boardwalk solution to crossing Wickenden Street (bike & walk) 2.4.1. issues of headroom, tidal rise and accessibility 2.4.2. look at Harbor Management Plan 2.4.3. CRMC public row access plan 2.5. Strong community interest in continuing City Walk to the east side of India Point Park 2.5.1. New public rowing /boating facility 2.6. Blackstone Bikeway will start at Pitman Street, through India Point Park, taking the switch back bridge out. It can extend into Pawtucket. 2.7. Easy connection to Benefit Street 2.8. Potential Connections 2.9. The East Coast Greenway and City Walk could connect. The East Coast Greenway will likely use the new Pedestrian Bridge, India Point Park trail, this could be an opportunity for a connection with City Walk. 2.10. The Gap… Opportunities for the boardwalk to engage the marina. How possible is this? Should we add it to City Walk’s scope? 2.11. *General support to add the boardwalk to the scope of City Walk 2.12. It might be difficult to propose any thing for the marina area, but everyone agrees addressing the gap is critically important to City Walk’s scope. 2.13. This is an opportunity to force the issue of waterfront public access, fishing, and other uses of the area. 2.14. There is a change in elevation from Point Street to the marina, and a security gate on the finger piers.

BROAD AND ELMWOOD 3.1. City priority: Connections through Grace Cemetery 3.1.1. needs to be clear, accessible and well lighted 3.2. The cemetery by Grace Church is a critically important connection, and a priority. What is the best way to provide access here? 3.3. Identified park locations and art installations on Broad Street.

3.4. 3.5. 3.6. 3.7. 3.8.

Opportunities for connections with “Pop-up Providence” Specific opportunity for connection with signs: Broad/ Elmwood triangle, AS220 has giant people art sculptures at the island split “Air Gallery” on Elmwood Broad Street “Walking Gallery” in place now Pop-Up Providence locations 3.8.1. Collage/signage located at Broad/Elmwood island/split 3.8.2. “Air Gallery” on Elmwood street light poles 3.8.3. Concrete pads: (3) in Jewelry District; (2) on the East Side (7) to be added in the fall

4.19. 4.20. 4.21. 4.22. 4.23.

CITY WALK ROUTE OVERALL DISCUSSION 5.1. City is looking for green water storm water management example. 5.2. Develop co-location signage system 5.3. Suggestion: QR code trail(s) 5.4. Directional signage w/ minutes-to-destination and destination names (grey & orange) 5.5. Mix of interventions along City Walk route that are either lines or points 5.6. Bridge: Remove sidewalk on undesirable side of bridge & double width of sidewalk on more desirable side. 5.7. Brown University master plan update by Gustaffson shows Brown campus connections 5.8. City Walk “leverages what already exists” 5.9. City Walk promotes “Equitable access to urban assets”

6. NEXT MEETING 6.1. Scenarios for Wickenden / Point Street Bridge crossing 6.2. Jewelry District routing and connections 6.3. Friendship-Clifford Street Bridge 6.4. Look into funding from state available for “trail signage” 6.5. Bike stations 6.6. Potential funding sources and projects that can have a City Walk component folded into them.

A029

CITY WALK

JEWELRY DISTRICT 4.1. Potential connections… Parcels with installations: Wickenden and 6th street (Parcel 6), Downtown Center (Parcel 9), parcels 34, 35, 41. 4.2. Should there be signage to identify/describe these installations? What about integrating QR codes? 4.3. There are community farms and gardens located around this area. 4.4. Would be ideal to integrate the farms and gardens into City Walk. It goes along with the motto “City Walk Connects.” 4.5. Specific “unconventional signage” in this area, or in the overall design. 4.6. Possibilities of rebranding the “Friendship Bridge”? 4.7. Option of making a connection at Friendship Street, or making a loop to get to the crossing, and draw attention to the gate. 4.8. Could the community gardens be a way to connect these things? 4.9. Important to reference City Farm on the map 4.10. It is very important to sketch out various alternative scenarios 4.11. At the Clifford Street Bridge, to get to 95, there is the “left, then left, then left” area due to a series of oneway streets. Would there be the possibility of doubling up one side of the bridge’s sidewalk, and making it a more comfortable place for people to walk? It might be difficult, because it would be expensive to rearrange the curbs. 4.12. Suggestion of the route just going through Jewelry District instead of 195. 4.13. GGN is designing the pocket park near Brown’s Hippocrates tree 4.14. Ship Street connection problem: it terminates in the Jewelry District 4.15. Preference for the route Ron drew as an alternative to Clifford Street route. 4.16. Opportunity for the area (the Goody Clancy proposal) to be an exemplar of Providence’s stormwater management practices. 4.17. The best way to sell this area is as an overall connected system. “just because people might prefer to

4.18.

walk this way over this way isn’t good enough. The best opportunity is to sell the whole thing as connecting integral areas.” Important to leverage the assets that are already there, and sell it as providing “equitable access to urban areas” Engage community groups in the next meeting? Fox Point Neighborhood Association, Bob McMahon, Upper South representatives The two biggest costs to the city would be the Grace Church Cemetery/Connection to the East Side, and the trees for the west side, and how to get funding. Trees along parcel 28, how does this relate to the new parking structure? Could trees serve as a screen for Elmwood Avenue? A beneficial amenity could be providing the Bike Repair Stations along City Walk. There could also be some linkages with branding here. How can we get RIDOT or others to pay for the Clifford Street/Friendship Bridge?

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APPENDIX: MEETING MINUTES MEETING MINUTES Project:

City Walk: 2nd Draft Review

Date:

5pm, Tuesday, 24 June 2014

Location:

South Providence Library Community Room 441 Prairie Avenue, Providence, RI 02905

Invited/Attendees: See Attendee List INTRO Phoebe Blake Dan Baudouin

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THREE ASPECTS OF CITY WALK COVERED 1. Route 2. Identify particular places of interest 3. What is City Walk? What shape/form should it take? ROUTE RECOMMENDATIONS AND COMMENTS 1. 1/3 of all neighborhoods in Providence are connected by the City Walk route. 2. Get input from neighbors on what programing can be attached to City Walk. 2.1. “Energize and catalyze” 3. Include Peace & Plenty Park 4. Include CCRI and all university campuses 5. Knight Memorial Library lawn — the neighborhood would like some vision here. 6. Good things happening along Elmwood Ave. — curb bumpouts and 80 new trees. 7. The Elmwood neighborhood needs to be better connected to Roger Williams Park 7.1. Tunnel under I-95 across RR tracks should seriously be considered as a pedestrian/bike connection to Roger Williams Park 7.2. The tunnel connects Cadillac Drive to the R. Williams Zoo parking lot. 7.3. Potential to safely and independently get kids to the park from the Elmwood neighborhood. 7.4. Streets to connect to the tunnel to consider: From Columbus Square, route could take Atlantic or Adelaide to Melrose to Cadillac Dr. — very nice residential area 8. Goal: Make Elmwood safe. For walking to school. Riding a bike. For adults and kids. 9. The Liberty Elm Diner on Elmwood at Longfellow has brought energy to the area it’s located in. (note: This popular diner closed in January ) 10. Encouraging pedestrian traffic for businesses along Elmwood would be good. Diverting pedestrians away from Elmwood might not be great for Elmwood businesses. 11. Question is raised: How to develop business and density along Elmwood and Cadillac where land is underutilized? Should that be part of City Walk’s objectives? 12. More schools being added to the already school-rich Columbus Square area. 13. Allowing and encouraging waterfront access to Bay and

River. 14. Improvement of connection to Point Street Bridge, hurricane barrier, and waterfront access. 15. Overlap and reinforce existing and new connections and routes. 15.1. ‘Connecting the links in a chain’ 16. Create City Walk robustness through a system of connections. 17. Destinations and events — there are food trucks on Broad Street already. 18. City goal on-the-way — continuous walkway along the Seekonk River. 19. Foster a robust environment 20. Link, link, link... 20.1. ‘Walking Schoolbus’ 20.2. RIPTA routes 20.3. Bike 20.4. Pedestrian 20.5. Parks Dept. 20.6. Food trucks 20.7. Providence Flea and similar… 21. Fox Point wants Gano Park included. COMMUNICATION / INFORMATION 22. New place experience: “ Moment of crisis where a sign instructs you to go somewhere, but you cannot see where it’s sending you. You must decide if it’s worth venturing on blindly” Leap of faith! 23. Suggestion: An app that describes sections as you move through CW connecting events and bringing out the richness of the neighborhoods. 23.1. Little Compton has recently started using Curatescape http://sakonnethistorical.org/ 23.2. Rhode Tour http://rhodetour.org/ 23.3. Contact Sue Ellen Kroll, RICH sue@rihuman-

ities.org

24.

25.

26. 27. 28.

23.4. Curatescape App http://curatescape.org Brown University project collected oral histories from local business people, and at the same time, collected general neighborhood information and highly localized input from them. Add to study information: 25.1. street edge continuity (or lack of) 25.2. population density 25.3. cultural density 25.4. neighborhood centers Question: Of the many dots, which should be connected? Unified graphic system – the use of color for example. Easy wins 28.1. Visual connections 28.2. Signage 28.3. Pop-up signs with QR codes in Jewelry District for art projects installed by I-195 Redevelopment. 28.4. Also signs can be found along Elmwood Ave. 28.5. Signs ordered through: http://walkyourcity.org 28.6. Strong visual references 28.7. Richmond Street 28.8. Columbus Square Schools/intersection (low hanging

fruit) 28.9. Scale of intersections. 28.10. Street edge – encourage business/property owners to engage with City Walk. PLACES OF INTEREST 29. Grace Cemetery 29.1. No loop thorough Cemetery. 29.2. South end route through at columbarium makes sense. 30. “City Walk is a way to give integrity to Providence where it has been taken away for a long time” 31. Historically, two anchor parks — India Point Park and Roger Williams Park 32. Work on beginning and ending 33. Public/private partnerships 34. Wayfinding and route defining idea — September mass walk… 34.1. from India Point to Roger Williams 34.2. from Roger Williams to India point 34.3. from each end to meet in the middle 35. I-95 crossing: Friendship-Clifford Street Bridge makes Upper South Providence connection most directly to Clifford Street and to the Jewelry District connection to the future park and pedestrian bridge-East Side connection. 36. Jewelry District 36.1. The Jewelry District may be a very different approach and conditions for City Walk than other parts of the route… A built City Walk that holds the line. 36.2. “If we (e.g. City Walk supporters) aren’t a part of the development plan, the whole thing may break down.” 37. Point Street Bridge 37.1. Spur suggestion: Point Street Bridge — mid-bridge fishing hot-spot 37.2. Boardwalk / pedestrian route along water under bridge accessible part-time. 37.3. Wickenden Street crossing would be an alternate experience. 38. Make inner harbor publicly accessible 39. Make riverfront accessible on all sides.

tions 45.5. “City Walk evolves from experiences” 46. City Walk Distance – Usage 46.1. Question: How to bring people from one end of City Walk to the other? 46.2. Long distance for walking 46.3. Total City Walk mileage is approximately 7.5 miles. 46.4. Walking scale vs. biking scale 46.5. Transit 46.6. Everyday experience vs. visitors’ experience NEXT STEPS 47. Third Meeting 47.1. Meeting at same location: South Providence Library Community Room, Tuesday, July 15th 7 – 9 pm 47.2. Next meeting invite representatives from public works, parks, planning, and mayoral candidates. 48. Illuminate as may people about the route as possible. 49. Draft report with recommendations to include: 49.1. Incorporate information from second meeting. 49.2. Identify City Walk things to accomplish and things that can be done first. 49.3. Develop a timeline / roadmap of development, initiatives, events and things that intersect with City Walk. 49.4. Set goals. 49.5. Tell City Walk story – what it connects. 50. Executive summary for website. 51. Planning a walk of City Walk 51.1. Maybe break walk into pieces 51.2. Neighborhood associations and groups could possibly each walk their section of City Walk. 51.3. Possibly plan a multi-weekend walk that, over time, walks the entire route. 51.4. “See Your City Walk”

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WHAT IS CITY WALK? LINE, SPACE, COLLECTION OF POINTS… 40. Two strong anchor points: India Point Park and Roger Williams Park 41. Get lost / wander… Suggest a route with destination points but create spaces to explore in between. 42. Create neighborhood maps with detail. 43. Comprise City Walk of dots instead of a line – events, places – density of dots and size of dots which weigh episodes. 44. Look into: Cultural corridor study by RIPTA for Broad and Elmwood 45. Cultural tourism 45.1. Gallery Night – on bikes 45.2. Historic walking tours – for example: Knight Mem. Library to Columbus Sq. 45.3. “A moveable feast of experience” 45.4. Cross pollination between events, places, connec-

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APPENDIX: MEETING MINUTES MEETING MINUTES Project:

City Walk: 3rd Meeting

Date:

7:00 PM, Friday, July 15, 2014

Location:

South Providence Library 441 Prairie Ave Providence, RI

Invited/Attendees: See Attendee List MEETING OVERVIEW I. Introductions II. Open Discussion: Suggestions, questions, and events coming up.. III. Presentation: The route, precedents, analysis, and focus areas. INTRO Pheobe Blake Dan Baudouin In his introduction to the history of City Walk’s development, Dan asked the audience to volunteer to help City Walk focus areas of particular interest to them. Dan will be volunteering for improving the Friendship-Clifford St. Bridge area for pedestrians and bicyclists. OPEN DISCUSSION 1. Elmwood Ave. Walk with Barbara Barnes Aug. 2 at 1pm: meet at Knight Memorial Library 1.1. Walk to include history and culture.

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2. Elmwood Assets and Enhancements: 2.1. Knight Memorial Library Book Sale. 2.2. Asian markets. 2.3. Colored sidewalks being installed this summer. 3. Questions: Who “owns” City Walk? 3.1. Who is responsible… An association or non-profit? 3.2. How are “ways” governed in other municipalities? 3.3. Commonly, municipal initiatives and public/private partnerships take responsibility. 3.4. Likely to be episodic based on public and private ownership of different parts. 3.5. Ownership in the I-195 redevelopment parcels would be the developers, the developments when they are completed, and the I-195 Redevelopment commission. 4. Sunday Bike-to-Park 4.1. Close traffic on half of Elmwood Ave. between Columbus Square and the Linden Ave. Entrance to Roger Williams Park creating a safe bike/pedestrian route from the Elmwood neighborhood to the park. 4.2. State or City marginal investment in temporary barrier placement.

5. Question: How does City Walk incorporate renewable energy? 5.1. Solar powered lighting along the route but most specifically at the Friendship-Clifford Street Bridge. 5.2. Suggestion: Solar panels on top of the Highway. Yes! Why not? 6. Broad St. Synagogue development project has been initiated aiming to create a Fanueil Hall type marketplace destination. 7. There is an interest in seeing all of the residences and businesses diagramed along the entire City Walk route. 8. Peace & Plenty Park needs a bigger maker on the map 8.1. Note: Updike Street is entirely contained in the Elmwood District area. Council For Humanities 8.2. App for local history: Rhodetour (see June 24 meeting notes) http://rhodetour.org 8.3. 4 tours on-line presently — 5 more on the way 8.4. The Mashapaug Pond Rhodetour is just west of Elmwood Ave. The tour includes a piece on the Gorham Manufacturing Company at Columbus Square. http:// rhodetour.org/tours/show/2 8.5. Applying for a grant to NAH for a grant to make a City Walk tour. 9. Community support and input 9.1. Question: How to engage more South Side residents & businesses in the process? 9.2. City Walk could use a core group representing each neighborhood. 9.3. Establish a “Friends of…” type of group. 9.4. Start contact list to build the group. 10. Site lines and landmarks in the sky – “skymarks” a la Kevin Lynch. 10.1. For example: These could be defined with City Walk specific lighting cues. 11. Incorporate artists and art in the City Walk route 11.1. Theater and open studios events. 11.2. Potential to develop an Arts & Cultural center 12. Concern about Roger Williams Park’s under-utilized and aging park amenities. NEXT STEPS 13. City Walk needs leadership 13.1. Encourage individuals to join teams to promote the goals and interests of each of the seven focus areas. 14. Encourage visitors/tourists 14.1. Promote historic tourism 15. City Walk as mayoral candidates’ talking point 16. Written Report to be distributed to meeting attendees and publicly available for website download. 17. City Walk walking Event 17.1. Saturday, September 27, 2014 Water Fire has several “processions to the river” walking initiatives happening that night that the City Walk walking event could tie into.

17.2. Alternative option could be independent from other events. Date suggestion: Saturday, October 25, 2014 17.3. The goal of the walk is to establish a City Walk trail before development takes place. 17.4. City Walk walk South Side and East Side meeting destination options: 17.4.1. South Side and East Side could meet on the Friendship-Clifford Street Bridge span joining neighborhoods across the I-95 canyon… “Meeting at the Moat” 17.4.2. South Side and East Side walks could meet on either side of the future pedestrian bridge 17.4.3. Other? 17.5. Media & Twitter feed for the City Walk walking event.

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APPENDIX

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