Waysfall2014teachingtolearn by Lucius Von Joo

Teaching to Learn! Teaching Case Studies by “Ways of Learning” Students January 2015 Kanda University of International Studies Edited by Tim Murphey A Turtle Trying To Fly Class Publication

January 2015 * Kanda University of International Studies * Ways of Learning

Table of Contents

Page

8 Ways to Reduce Stress (29) COPS BEES

10 Idioms (12) Gestures

1. TAKAHASHI YUIKA 2. KURIHARA RYO 3. KISHU AYANO 4. MATSUZAWA KANNA 5. SUZUKI HARUKA 6. NAKA SAORI 7. HORI ASUKA 8. SUZUSHIKA NAOKI 9. TAMURA AKIRA 10. YOSHIMINE IBUKI 11. OKA MAYUKO 12. KAMIMURA ERIKA 13. SATAKE MIKI 14. KANDA MIO 15. OKUBO SHOHEI 16. ISHIHARA AKITO 17. OGAWA YUSUKE 18. MORIMOTO NANA 19. NESHIRO KIYOMI 20. KIYOTA RINA(+songs) 21. TSUKAGUCHI MASAKO 22. ISHII CHIHIRO 23. YABE MISATO 24. TSURUOKA YUNA 25 ENDO HITOMI (1) 26 ENDO HITOMI (3)

36. ISHIZONO TSURUMI 37. TAKAHASHI TAKAHIRO 38. SHIRAI KAHO 39. SETOH YUTARO 40. YAMAYA KAZUKI 41. KITAMURA MAI 42. WATANABE RISA 43. SHIMIZU MOMOKO 44. KAYANO KYOSUKE 45. FUJISHIRO RIKA 46. KURODA RISA 47. WATANABE MARINA

3 4 4 5 6 7 7 8 9 10 11 11 12 13 14 14 15 16 17 17 18 19 20 21 21 22

5 Ways to Happiness (9) Gestures 27. OKAMURA AYANO 28. SASAMORI MARIKO 29. ISHIKURA AYAKA 30. TAKENAWA HARUKA 31. NAITO KOHARU 32. MARUYAMA RYO (+10 idi) 33. ISHIZUKA KOHEI 34. INOUE MOE 35. USHIYAMA ARISA

23 24 25 26 27 27 28 29 30

30 31 32 33 33 34 35 36 36 37 38 38

7 Ways to Improvisation (4) PLLYARF 48. SUGITA ARISA 49. SATO YUSUKE 50. TOZAWA SUMIKA 51. MATSUSHITA TOMOYO

39 40 41 41

Et Cetera (mixed materials) (2) (+3 x 8 ways) 52. UEDA AKANE (Doitagain/Turtle) 42 53. SAITO MIKA (YSB) 43 54. AZUMA KAZUKI (8 Ways) 44 55. OTAKA SATSUKI (8 Ways) 44 56. KOZUTSUMI SHIORI(8 Ways) 45

Note From the Editor: This is a collection of 56 short case studies of students teaching things they learned in-class to people out of class. The students did a good job and learned a lot while teaching, and they shared valuable information in their social networks. I want to thank them all for their efforts, not always successful, but worth trying, like a “turtle trying to fly.” I think many of them are now convinced that “We learn better what we teach!” Thanks for all your work! Have a good life & go change the world! Tim Murphey

January 2015 * Kanda University of International Studies * Ways of Learning

1. Teaching Is Useful For My Learning! Yuika Takahashi Initial Teaching: I chose my younger brother to teach 8 ways to reduce stress. He is 18 years old and studying for university entrance exams. He always studies hard to pass the exams, so I want him to reduce his stress. Also he is not good at English, so I hope this teaching helps him to learn English words. It was on Dec.5th 2014 at about 5 pm in his room. Earlier I had taught him shadowing to improve listening skill. Therefore I taught 8 ways by shadowing. First, I taught them very slowly and explained the definitions of each word in English and Japanese. He understood well. Second, I taught the acronym COPS BEES because I could remember them by using this term easily. Follow up! After 1 hour, I asked 8 ways as a pop quiz to him. He remembered about 70 percent of them. So we reviewed them and I told him that I would ask them again tomorrow. He said he enjoyed remembering 8 ways because this kind of study was new for him. Also, he said these ways were really useful for people studying hard like him. Next morning, I asked him again and he answered perfectly! Conclusion: I felt happy because my brother said these 8 ways helps him to know a lot of English words and ways to reduce stress. Also for me, it was a good opportunity to review what I learned in the class. After I took this class, I realized teaching is difficult but really useful to memorize things for myself. I want to continue this way of remembering even when I finish taking this class!

Acronym for remembering the 8 ways to reduce stress: COPS BEES Connect Break (take a break) Organize Eat well Positive (be) Exercise regularly Simplify Sleep well

January 2015 * Kanda University of International Studies * Ways of Learning

2. Following Up Is Powerful! Ryo Kurihara Initial Teaching: I chose Shoko Aota to teach 8 ways to reduce stress. She is my classmate in Media English, Reading and Writing class. I taught her during lunchtime on December 11th 2014 at about 12:30 to 1 o’clock. First I taught “COPS BEES” to her and I taught that “COPS BEES” is an acronym. After that, I tried to have her guess what “COPS BEES” means. Then, I wrote them down. She answered some mistake answers, but she answered some correct answers. For example, she said “cry”, “sing”, and ”picnic”. I gave her some hints to let her answer before I gave answers to her. She answered them except “Simplify”. After that, I taught why they can reduce stress. Follow up! After teaching about 30 minutes, I asked her what is “COPS BEES?” Then, she couldn’t answer them completely, so I gave a few hints to answer them. After that, I asked what is “COPS BEES”’s meaning. Then, she couldn’t answer them completely. Next day before our class, I asked, “What is COPS BEES?”. Then, she answered them except “Exercise”. After the class, I asked them again and she answered them and their meanings. Conclusion: I have taught “COPS BEES” to some other people. However, I didn’t follow up with them. My classmate, Shoko remembered what I taught completely. I think the reason why she remembered them completely is that I followed up with teaching them. Therefore, I think following up with teaching is the most helpful to teach something.

3. Teaching Motivates Learners! Ayano Kishu Initial Teaching: I chose 8 ways to reduce stress to teach my younger sister. She is 18 years old and also she is now studying for university entrance examination. I thought she has a lot of stress that I experienced before. So I taught 8 ways to reduce stress after taking the bath on Dec 12th 2014. At first, I taught only 8 things but she looked like she couldn’t understand. Then, I explained each meaning with some gestures that I made. She agreed with this way, especially about Sleep. She said, “I found that the reason you are always smiling is you have a lot of sleep.” I laughed and I said, “I think so.” Thanks to January 2015 * Kanda University of International Studies * Ways of Learning

teaching it, I found I always do those ways to reduce stress unconsciously. Follow up! After 40 minutes later, I asked her, “Can you remember all of it?” Then she could answer only 4. So I gave her some hints with gestures, then she could do it! After 1 hour later, I asked again. She could answer 7 ways, again I gave her a hint. And we reviewed all of it again. The morning of the next day, I asked again! Finally she got it!! And she said, “I’ll try to do some of them from today! ” I was impressed because she has a big examination but she tries to learn my homework, also she said, “Thank you sister!” So I decided to study hard like her and enjoy everything. Conclusion: Through this task, I found teaching gives us many things. In this time, I could review the class, also my motivation got higher, and I feel great joy! So I think, teaching directly is a very useful way to learn something. I want to continue teaching!

4. Teaching Is Learning Kanna Matsuzawa Initial Teaching: I chose my classmates, Mana and Moeko to teach 8 ways to reduce stress. The 8 ways are very useful for us to spend our lives with more fun, so I chose it. I taught it before 1st period in our classroom on December 9th. First, I taught it directly to them. When I taught it, they nodded to understand well. Then, I let them repeat it three times. They seemed to like these ways, but also they looked difficult to memorize, so I taught them the acronym COPS BEES to memorize well. When I taught it, they said, "Oh, this is so easy way to memorize! This is like a kind of name of bee!" Like that, we laughed a lot with talking about it. Follow Up! After the time, I said, "From now on, when I met you, I will ask you to tell me the 8 ways." First, after 1st period, I asked them "What are the 8 ways to reduce stress?" At that time, both of them answered just half of the 8 ways, so I taught the rest of them with gestures as hints. Then they could answer everything. Next time was before 3rd period on the same day. At that time, they also couldn't answer it completely, so I taught the rest of them with same ways as last time. Final time on this day was after 3rd period. When I asked them, they could answer all completely! I was so glad they could answer them, and January 2015 * Kanda University of International Studies * Ways of Learning

also they were glad to be able to answer everything. Two days later on December 11th, even though I suddenly asked them 8 ways, they could answer perfectly soon. Also, they wanted to learn more, so I taught the weather song. We laughed a lot when we talked about it! It was so fun! Conclusion : Now, my part time job is a teacher of a cram school, so I teach many things to my students whenever I work there. However, I've almost never taught my friends these things that I learned in other classes. Through this report, I could understand the importance to learn well with teaching. Therefore, I will try to teach someone something when I want to learn and understand well.

5. My Sister Puts the 8 Ways into Practice! Haruka Suzuki Initial Teaching: I chose to teach the 8 ways to reduce stress to teach my sister. She is 14 years old and goes to junior high school. She is in the 9th grade, so she will have an exam to enter high school. I really wanted to talk to her about how to reduce stress. She must feel a lot of pressure these days. I knew she was very busy, so I decided to talk with her when we were eating supper on December 5th at about 8 pm. First, I taught her the abbreviation that I learned to help her memorize these ways effectively. Then I asked her to guess what each capital letter means. After that I told "the 8 ways to reduce your stress." Actually, I made a card for her to be able to memorize them easily because I thought it was hard for her. Finally I asked her which she would like to try now. She answered "Get enough sleep." Recently she was studying hard until midnight. I sometimes worried about that. Follow up! I asked her "what is the 8 ways to reduce your stress? Do you remember?" every day after we ate supper. At first she could not answer all, she could only memorize a few, such as "getting enough sleep" and "eating well". However, she can answer all of them now. Also she tried to do them. Now she goes to bed by 12 midnight and gets enough sleep. It made me so happy. Conclusion: I really enjoyed teaching someone about what I learned in Tim's class. These ways are really precious and important things in our life. Thanks to the teaching of them to my sister, I could memorize the 8 ways to reduce January 2015 * Kanda University of International Studies * Ways of Learning

stress with my sister. Also, I felt so happy when I knew she tried to put them into practice. I hope she never forgets them and gets over her examination.

6. Teaching Someone Older Than Me Saori Naka Initial Teaching: I chose my cousin to teach 8 ways to reduce stress to. She is 22 years old and works at a dental clinic. I taught after lunch on December 13th 2014 at about 2 p.m. in her house’s living room. Firstly, I taught about “COPS BEES” to her. I told her C express connect, O express organize, P express positive, S express simplify, B express breaks, E express eat, E express exercise, and S express sleep. I gave the paper written “COPS BEES” and the meanings to her. Moreover, I said it again and again to her. She always feels stress immediately. She is unable to cope with stress by herself immediately, so I taught it. I wanted her to know about stress management all the time. Follow up!: After working 30 minutes, I gave quizzes 3 times for each hour afterwards. She got wrong answers the first time. However, she could get perfect answers the last time. She tried to remember “COPS BEES” as well as she could. She repeated it many times. She worked hard, so I helped her to remember. She was happy that she could say it perfectly. I was happy, too. Conclusion: I have never taught my seniors anything about class before this class. At first, I thought that I couldn’t teach anything to her because I know so much less than her. However, I changed my thinking after taking this class. I learned that teaching even older people is very important. Therefore, I was happy that I could teach 8 ways to reduce stress to her.

7. Teaching My Younger Sister 8 Ways! Asuka Hori Initial Teaching: I have a young sister. Her name is Yurika. She is a high school student. She is quite serious in her school. But she talks a lot at home. My mother is strict. She worries about my sister's future. So she often says "study now!" So my sister has stress. Actually I worry about her too. She gets tired from studying because of my mom. So I taught my sister 8 ways to reduce January 2015 * Kanda University of International Studies * Ways of Learning

stress. At first, I asked her about how to reduce your stress. Second, I taught the ways to her. I explained the meanings. Follow up!: After a few weeks, I asked her to tell me the 8 ways. She thought about them for a few minutes but she couldnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t answer very well. So I taught how to memorize them with the acronym COPS BEES. And two days later, I asked her to tell me the 8 ways and she could do it. She said "I could memorize 8 ways to reduce stress". Her face was bright. She could also reduce her stress. So she could concentrate on studying when my mom talked to her about her studying. Conclusion: I felt happy about teaching this to my young sister because I could see her happy face. She was able to think about her future. So she could reduce her stress. After I taught it to her, she said, "I'll teach these to my friends!" To me, she could learn about the ways to reduce stress. She could relax, I think.

8. Doing the 8 Ways to Reduce Stress Naoki Suzushika Introduction: How to deal with stress is hard for business people. My close friend, Tomokazu, is a business person working in Kaihin Makuhari. He has a lot to do at the end of every month. He seems tired from achieving his tasks. When I learned 8 ways to reduce stress, I hit on a good idea to help him. With the 8 ways, I taught him relaxing is more important than working. I conveyed the 8 ways, and we carried out 5 of them. Iâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;m sure doing such tasks became an opportunity to get rid of stress for him. Breaks: We visited a museum displaying national treasures in Ueno. He wanted to see one of the treasures of *KINNINN made of gold. We were very impressed by them, and he looked at it seriously as if he were an expert.

*1st century gold seals used in ancient Japan and China January 2015 * Kanda University of International Studies * Ways of Learning

Exercise: Since he likes playing table tennis and playing catch, we often do it on Saturday or Sunday. Concentrating on sports teaches us to forget what we are stressed and worried about. Eat well: Perhaps we eat nice meals as often as 3 or 4 times in a month. No matter how stressed we are, eating make us very happy. We have visited Yakiniku, pizza shops, and Italian restaurants lately. Conclusion: Later I gave him a quiz concerning what I taught. At first, he answered not all the answers. He told me that he was not good at English. So, it seemed difficult. Helping others learn is no less important than learning by oneself. I gave him what I could teach. In the end, he was successfully able to express the 8 ways to reduce stress. We became very happy. He started work at the same time I entered Kanda. Perhaps he had difficulty dealing with stress. I regret not knowing the 8 ways to reduce stress sooner. I would have enjoyed thinking and doing them with him more. My friend still has a lot to do, but I don’t worry about it seriously because we already know how to make our feelings better.

9. Teaching My Dear Sister!! Akira Tamura Initial Teaching: I chose my younger sister to teach 8 ways to reduce stress. She is 21 years old and goes to university. She is a junior and her major is nursing. I taught when we returned home from shopping on December 13th 2014 about 10 pm in our living room. I taught the 8 ways to reduce stress because she works as an intern so she has a lot of things to do in a stressful position. When I taught her, she could not pronounce some words so I pronounced them again and again. Also, I wrote “COPS BEES” down for her. Follow up! After working about half an hour, I told her I would come back and give her a quiz every hour for 2 hours and 12 hours later to help her remember them. The first time I came back she had trouble remembering words: organize and simplify. The second time she could say and write all words. After 12 hours she could remember all words but she could not write them. She said to me she wants to study English again before she goes to Singapore next March. January 2015 * Kanda University of International Studies * Ways of Learning

When I heard it from her, I was really happy. Conclusion: I teach English grammar to young learners using Japanese. However, I have never taught anyone such a thing like this before I took this class. I thought that it was difficult to teach others who do not use English. On the other hand, it was a good experience for me to become an English teacher. If I become an English teacher, maybe it might happen like this every day.

10. Dancing 8 Ways to Reduce Stress Ibuki Yoshimine Initial Teaching: I chose my teammate Juna, to teach 8 ways to reduce stress to. She is 18 years old and works at Starbucks. She also dances together with me as a teammate. Our team is very busy because we attend some events and contests. So I wanted to teach 8 ways to reduce stress. I taught at lunchtime on December 8th. First I asked what is 8 ways to reduce stress to her. She guessed listening to music, crying aloud, dancing and drinking alcohol. These were good guesses, and these fit her. Then, I explained the answers with some examples. She is not good at organization. So her room and head are messy. Therefore she said organizing is the most important thing. Follow up! After working about 20 minutes, I told her that I would ask, â&#x20AC;&#x153;What are the 8 ways to reduce stress?â&#x20AC;? everyday. She memorized most of them, but she had trouble remembering being positive. To remember being positive, I told her "You are cute! You are smart! You are kind!" many times. On the third day, it seems she really got it. She has a smart brain. After a week, she could say all of the 8 ways to reduce stress. In addition, she started to try these strategies to reduce her stress. Conclusion: I felt like I'm an English teacher, because I thought deeply how she could remember. I repeated and made her remember even after work. I have never taught anyone anything like in this case study. It was fun to think about some examples. I still couldn't try all 8 ways myself, but I would like to try everything in winter vacation.

January 2015 * Kanda University of International Studies * Ways of Learning

11. Sharing Good Information Mayuko Oka Initial Teaching: I chose my friend who is in the same club to teach 8 ways to reduce stress. She is 19 years old and also learns English and Spanish as a third language. She doesn't know how we learn in this class. That's why I chose her. I taught her during lunchtime on December 3, 2014 at 1 p.m. at KUIS. First, I told her that I want her to help me do my homework. But she couldn't understand what she should do. So I definitely explained about that. I taught the 8 ways to her and then she repeated it many times. I taught my favorite song, "How do you eat well?" to her because it's easy for her to remember this song. She also repeated it together. Follow up! After teaching an hour, I asked what are the 8 ways to reduce stress and about the song. She couldn't answer them. So I taught them to her again. She could remember them then. After an hour, she could answer them with my help. I confirmed them together every hour for 4 hours. Last time when I asked to her, she could say the 8 ways and the song completely. She just got them. I'm happy to share what I learned in my favorite class. Conclusion: She understood them so when I taught her the song and 8 ways, I asked her "Which words do you want to use consciously to reduce your stress and how?" She answered she wants to "sleep" and when she feels stress, she want to think positively. I think the style of this homework is so good because we can share good information to learn English. So it's important for us to share the activity of this class.

12. Singing the 8 Ways Erika Kamimura Initial Teaching: I chose “8 ways to reduce stress” to teach to my mother, because she is busy everyday, housework and work. I agreed with the 8 ways and like them. So I think it is useful and important for her to reduce stress. On December 10th I taught her about it in our house. She agreed with my opinion because she thinks sleep makes her relax. She likes eating and sleeping. But, she doesn’t like exercise so I told her it is important not only to sleep and eat well, but also to exercise well. And I want her to remember it. But it is difficult January 2015 * Kanda University of International Studies * Ways of Learning

for her to remember. I came up with making a song to remember it. My mother and I like “Michael Jackson”. Our most favorite song is “Black and White.” So we made a parody song by using this song (kaeuta in Japanese). It is very useful and easy to remember 8 ways to reduce stress. Follow up: As review, I asked her “What are the 8 ways to reduce stress?” after every dinner. At first, she was confused, but I said “let’s sing Michael’ song! ” after that she recalled it by using a song. Conclusion: I am poor at teaching someone, and I have never taught anyone anything before this class. So this was difficult for me. But a song helped me. Using song is easy and interesting to understand and remember the sentences and words. So from now on I want to use song, when I study something.

13. Gaming Stress Away! Miki Satake Initial Teaching: I decided to talk about 8 ways to help reduce stress to one of my friends. He’s 22 years old and works at an IT company. I told him about these ways of reducing stress. Somehow he seemed to know about the Mayo Clinic already. At first, I introduced the 8 ways to him, having a schedule, simplifying, getting organized, taking occasional breaks, taking time to relax, exercising, sleeping enough, eating well, being positive and staying connected. Actually, he said all of these things are correct and he practices at least two things on the list each day. Especially, he likes eating a lot to deal with his stress. But one thing that he complained about is there is no mention of playing games. He’s also a gamer. It’s a fact that playing games can be one of way of reducing stress. Follow up: We decided to practice at least one of the 8 ways to help reduce stress regularly in order to keep these in our mind. We read this list over and over again. It’s not so difficult to remember. Instead we enjoyed repeating it. Conclusion: I enjoyed talking with him about this topic. Every day he looks tired because he has lots of work. It was interesting for me to talk with people outside of college about what I am learning and not just be around the same friends or teachers. We could understand the importance of how to reduce January 2015 * Kanda University of International Studies * Ways of Learning

stress. This experience was really useful for me, and more than that, I realized, through this activity that teaching someone is effective for me to remember clearly.

14. Teaching An Elementary School Teacher! Mio Kanda Initial Teaching: I chose 8 ways to help to reduce stress to my dear father. He is a 55 year-old teacher in elementary school. I taught on December 12th 2014 at about 9 pm on the phone. When I taught them, my father couldn’t understand simplify and organized because he thought both of them are same meaning. So I taught these meaning in detail and also I sent a photo of the 8 ways to my father. So he could understand well. After it, I taught how to remember it. I said, “let’s remember the first letters of 8 ways, COPS BEES.” He said it was easy to remember it and he would try it by himself. Follow up! Next morning, I called him and asked about the first letters of 8 ways. He could answer all words and meanings. I also asked how did you remember all and he said I tried to review after your call. I was very surprised to hear that! Next day, I called him again to ask about it. He forgot a little so we repeated it several times. After that, he said thank you for teaching me them because these are very useful to reduce daily stress and I will try these from now on! I felt great because I could help my dear father. Conclusion: After teaching it, I think it is difficult to get people to remember. But I also think teaching is very enjoyable for me because I also learn a lot from teaching and I can make someone happy. So I will try to teach a lot to many people from now on!

How do you eat well? [a little bit of = alidabida] Take a little bit of this / Take a little bit of that (x2) Diversify and balance your life!

(kaeuta: Santa Claus Coming to town

January 2015 * Kanda University of International Studies * Ways of Learning

15. Everything Is Connected on the Earth Shohei Okubo Initial Teaching: I chose my sister to teach the 8 ways to help reduce stress. She is 24 years old and works in a kindergarden. She always feels pressure from work, because she doesn’t get the knack of how to proceed with what she has to do and she thinks of small things and relationships in the workplace too much. While I’m seeing her, I really feel like helping her, but I can’t support her job because she is proud and wants to handle it by herself. That’s why I think the best way to help her out is by reducing her stress. If it works very well, it’s good for her. Then I’m satisfied with supporting her. It’ll be my achievement. Follow up! To begin with, I recommended her to get enough sleep because she seems to be spaced out every day, which leads to bad performance at work. After telling this solution, she looked at me and shouted “I DON’T HAVE TIME TO SLEEP!” Therefore, I realized this solution doesn’t fit her, so I told her “be positive and eat well”. Then she just followed my advice, and I realized she has been positive and looks relaxed sometimes. When she becomes like that, I tried to stay connected with her. That boosted her more positively and reduced her stress on some occasions. A week later, she said that recently I have room to breathe and have fun in the workplace more than in the past because of your advice. Finally, I succeeded to help her out more or less. Conclusion: Overall, she has been reducing her stress and changed to be more positive. I’ve attained my goal with 8 ways to help reduce stress to her. I realized that teaching what I’ve got is helpful for not only me but also the others and remains stuck in my head. I’m spending productive days after taking this class because Tim teaches us to have a better life and encourages us to teach others. The best information in the world cannot help people unless we tell them about it. Our actions make better lives for others.

16. Acronyms and Embodied Cognition Akito Ishihara Initial Teaching: I chose to teach to my friend the 8 ways to reduce stress. He is 19 years old and my co-worker at my part-time job. He goes to Nichidai, Nihon University and studies chemistry. I always think that he has a lot of January 2015 * Kanda University of International Studies * Ways of Learning

stress or frustration, so I hope the ways of reducing stress will be helpful for him. Although he is a science student, he is also good at English and interested in it. Therefore I talked with him about what I learned in KUIS. First I wrote down all the ways and told him about how to remember them. We always use gesture or song when we remember some WAYS, however this WAY doesn’t have any motion. Therefore it was hard to teach and I used an “acronym” to remember easily. Follow up! At first, I taught him about it during lunchtime in our working place. But we did not have enough time to see each other, so we used LINE and talked about it. In short, I taught him the “8 ways to reduce stress” with acronyms in English. I thought my teaching English was not good, but he understood what I said. After I taught, he said to me ”I will put it into practice.” The next day, I asked him on LINE, “Do you remember?” He can remember and say 7 of 8 ways. He forgot only “R”ELAX (It is very important for him, I think), but he could answer almost all of them. Conclusion: I was able to know how difficult teaching other people in English is. I taught him about “8 ways to reduce stress” by only acronyms. After I taught, I thought that I should use my original WAYS to teach him. For instance, I could make original gestures or body actions of 8 ways. Acronym is useful to learn, but now I want him to experience how useful learning with gestures is. This is my reflection point. However, I could have fun during teaching. I haven’t decided what I will do in the future yet. But, if I have a chance to teach in English, I will try to use gestures or body actions, i.e. embodied cognition.

17. My Simplifying Friend Yusuke Ogawa Initial Teaching: I taught 8 ways to reduce stress to my friend. His name is Kosuke and he is 22 years old. He wants to be an English teacher and he studies about teaching. He often says, “Studying teaching is very hard. If I can, I want to give it up. I’m tired.” But he is still continuing studying it. I thought he has big stress. That’s way I taught the 8 ways to reduce stress to him. First, I asked him, “When you have stress what do you do?” He answered, “When I have stress I usually take exercise. I especially like playing handball with my friends. By throwing a ball I can reduce my stress. Besides that when I have January 2015 * Kanda University of International Studies * Ways of Learning

stress I also have to go shopping. Probably using money is my method to reduce my stress.” Second, I taught the 8 ways to reduce stress. He agreed with these ways and he is especially interested in “Simplify your schedule”. He is positive. He often takes a nap and takes a break. He often plays handball in the school. Although he is doing dieting, he eats well. He stays connected. However, he is not good at simplifying his schedule. When he has many assignments, he is usually confused, because he has no ideas about which one should he do. And he gets stressed. Conclusion: He said, “From now on, I will try to simplify my schedule. I have three assignments now. And I make a priority to do one.” I thought he understood what the 8 ways to reduce stress is and takes advantage of it.

18. Relaxing My Mother Nana Morimoro Initial Teaching: I chose "8 ways to reduce stress" to teach to my mother who feels stressed in her routine life. She works at a supermarket near my house five times a week and also does almost all the chores of my house everyday. That is why she worries about her stress and I choose her for this assignment. (I know I should help chores before I teach these to her.) When I told these to her, she seemed to have difficulties remembering it perfectly since I just put them into words. So next time I got her to shadow and write it down to leave it in her mind, which was useful to her. Follow up: Even thought she seemed to succeed to remember it, it was hard for me to remind her after one hour later. So I made her say it in a reverse order, which was helpful for her since I know that the first one is always most memorable. After that I gave her a quiz every hour until we slept because I know repeating is effective to memorize something. Next day I asked her to remember the 8 ways, but she could answer only 7 ways. So I asked her to shadow again. Two days later I asked her to say the 8 ways, and she could do it perfectly. Conclusion: Doing this kind of research was good for me because from this assignment I realized that repeating is very vital to memorizing something. Moreover shadowing is effective too. January 2015 * Kanda University of International Studies * Ways of Learning

19. Smiling Brings You Happiness Kyiomi Neshiro Initial Teaching: I chose the 8 ways to reduce stress to teach to my best friend. She is my classmate and belongs to belly dance circle. I taught after class on December 8th 2014 at about 9 pm in her room. First I taught that take occasional breaks is good for you. This is because recently, she looks tired so she became top leader of belly dance circle last month. She had a lot of uneasiness. I know she doesn’t give up easily. I wanted to reduce her stress. Follow up! I taught how we learned in Tim’s class the 8 ways to reduce stress. Then, we discussed about how to reduce our own stress about 45 minutes. My opinion is to exercise regularly. Because I like playing sports, I sweat. Eating well is her stress relief method. She said that it is especially important for her to eat without worrying about weight. I think so too. However, we talked about how getting enough sleep is the best way. We laughed. We talked about how speaking with friends and laughing also reduce stress, too. Then, I taught “笑う門には福きたる smiling brings your happiness let it show the way” with melody. She sang this song, she looked happy. Conclusion: I have never taught anyone anything before this class. I think teaching is difficult for me, however, I will be able to learn by teaching. I felt good things that 8 ways to reduce stress, 7 ways of improv, do it again and so on. I’m very happy to learn these. I will try to teach them to others.

20. Young Strong & Beautiful Rina Kiyota Initial Teaching: I chose my mother to teach the 8 ways to reduce stress to. She is 49 years old and she has little stress because she is always busy and has lots of housework, so I decided her to teach the 8 ways to reduce stress. I taught before going to bed on December 8th 2014 at about 11pm in the living room. First I told her, “you are always busy and tired, so I will teach you the way to reduce stress.” I taught the 8 ways to reduce stress and explained it, she listen and understood. She said I have many things to do every day, so if someone helps me… and she looked me. She said that she wanted me to help her indirectly, so I helped her with the housework. January 2015 * Kanda University of International Studies * Ways of Learning

Follow up! The next morning, I asked her “Do you remember the 8 ways to reduce stress?” She said, “Oh, I remember them!” She remembered all of them, I think her memorization power is good!!! However, I went home after finishing class and I asked her and she had forgotten Break and Simplify, so I taught them again. Then I taught her “Young Strong and Beautiful” because it is my favorite song. We sang together and enjoyed it. Conclusion: I enjoyed teaching the song, so I want to teach more. When I taught songs to my best friend Ryo, I taught and we sang together. It was so much fun. I want to teach songs and classes to more people. Singing songs is very fun!

21. COPS BEES and Happiness Masako Tsukaguchi Initial Teaching: I taught one of my marvelous friends, Ayaka, "Reducing Stress" at KUIS cafe on December 12th, 2014 before 5th comma. She is an active freshman in KUIS. In other words, we are the same age. She and I belong to Hamakaze Festival Committee, take some attractive classes together and have a common hobby, and therefore we got to be friends. To begin with, I told about the 8 ways. Then, I taught "COPS BEES". She said 7 of them at first, but she forgot only BREAK when I tested her. When I showed the shabby back cover of my action log where I had written all the wonderful song questions, she looked at them. She said she wanted to be taught the 5 Ways to Happiness because she was not happy recently. I sang "5 way to happiness". She was surprised at this song and seemed to be happy. She told me "I did not look up at the sky these days. Stars will be twinkling in the night sky today, so I will try it to get my happiness tonight." I also sang the "Are you young?" song, and to make her feel like she was able to try to anything while young. I want her to believe that things will go well. I think she got confidence to go to abroad as a volunteer in spring. Follow up! I checked later about "COPS BEES". In spite of the fact that I gave her a lot of hints, she could not answer O, S and first E. So I told all key words again, and she repeated after me. When, she could not say all "COPS BEES"

January 2015 * Kanda University of International Studies * Ways of Learning

completely on Dec 12th, I sent a LINE later to ask that night, and she could tell it to me accurately. I was very glad. Conclusion: I felt sad a little bit when she could not answer my questions. Nevertheless, I thought it was difficult for her because I usually repeat these interesting songs and beneficial words in Tim's class with fun and interaction with many partners.

22. Doing the 8 Ways with My Little Sister Chihiro Ishii Initial Teaching: I chose my little sister to teach the 8 ways to reduce stress to. She is 14 years old and she is a JHS student. Also, she will take entrance exam of high school. Recently, she feels nervous almost every day, because she has to study more to enter the high school that she wants to go to. So I decided to teach her 8 ways to reduce stress. I thought, she could reduce stress and study English at the same time. Follow up! First, I explained her the meaning of the words. She is a JHS student, so she doesn't know difficult vocabulary. To explain with using easy words was difficult. I explained again and again. After she understood these words, we put them into practice. We wrote down our schedule on our note, and talked about our schedule in our spring vacation. We organized our desk. We took a break and had some coffee with much milk and sugar. We exercized Radio-Taiso together. We ate our Mom's croquettes a lot. We talked with only positive words for 5 minutes. We talked with another sister, she's 20 years old, about the comic book that we like. And then, we went to bed earlier than usual. Before going to bed, I taught how to memorize these words easily, with COPS BEES. Finally, she could write down all of these words without my lecture. Conclusion: My sister said to me that she was glad to study new English words and how to reduce her stress. She also said she wants to try them. She will do her best in her exam. I want her to pass it! Whatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s a happy person? A happy person/ is not a person /in a certain set of circumstances, /but rather /a person /with a certain set of attitudes. January 2015 * Kanda University of International Studies * Ways of Learning

23. The Power of Acronyms! Misato Yabe Initial Teaching: I chose my friend Aina, who studies medicine in a different university, and she did not like studying English. December 5th was the first time I told her about this assignment, she said that she does not want to do it, but finally she did. I taught the 8 ways to reduce stress, because these days we have some worries about job-hunting or other things in our daily lives. At first, I just told the 8 ways in English and in Japanese, so she was really surprised that she needed to remember 8 things in English! Of course I helped her using acronyms to remember the words correctly, and then she seemed to feel better about it. She had some trouble with remembering so many words, but using the acronyms “COPS BEES”, it became easier for her to remember. Follow up: It took 50 minutes to remember all of these ways, and I conducted the test one hour later. Although it was only after one hour, she only came up with three words, “sleep”, “eat”, and “exercise” which are the most important things for her to reduce stress. Then I taught her 8 ways again for 20 minutes and said goodbye on that day. I was able to see her December 13th, and I asked “What are the 8 ways to reduce stress?” Surprisingly, she told me all of the answers according to “COPS BEES”! I could not believe that she completely answered, so I asked, “How did you memorize them?” and she told me that she repeated them more than three times a day, using “COPS BEES”. She mentioned, “I realized acronyms are really helpful for me to remember the things, and while I am trying it, I did not feel like English is boring or difficult. I will use acronyms for my medical exam.” Conclusion: Although I have taught English songs or words to language learners, it was almost the first time to teach them to not English learners. As Aina said, I think acronyms help us to memorize for us to remember the things, even if they are not only English but also other studying. I was really happy to hear that Aina did not feel that English is not interesting while she tried 8 ways to reduce stress when she uses acronyms.

COPS BEES * PLLYARF * SPURR * PVA * WHM * WDIH * WDYTOTT

January 2015 * Kanda University of International Studies * Ways of Learning

24. Asking Lead-in Questions Facilitates Learning Yuna Tsuruoka

Initial Teaching: I chose my friend, Kana to teach 8 ways to reduce stress to. She is 21 years old and one of the students of KUIS who transferred from KIFL as I did. I taught them at lunchtime on December 10, 2014, at about 1 pm in Lapas. At first I asked her to tell me her own ways that she has to reduce stress. I found she had three ways to reduce stress: sleeping, eating, and talking to people. When she feels stress, she eats food that she rarely eats, like snacks. Talking with persons who know her very well like family is a good way for her and is similar to being connected. Then, I taught “COPS BEES”. At first she guessed C is complain, P is play, E is eat and S is sleep. Because she asked me questions soon when she could understand something, it was easy for me to teach her. Follow up! When I asked her what COPS BEES is right after I taught it, she answered all of it. But she could not answer smoothly, especially Break. So I taught it again emphasizing Break. I asked again two days after and she said the answer more smoothly. Conclusions: I have not had experiences that I taught anything very much and I’m not good at teaching. So I felt nervous at first. But when I did this activity actually, I could enjoy and I could learn again. From now, I will try to teach someone more actively!

25. A Turtle Trying to Fly! Hitomi Endo (first year) Initial Teaching: I taught 8 ways to help reduce stress to my mother. When I told her the 8 ways, she was in favor of them because it fits what she wants me to do. She knows my condition well. And she is really worried about my health. I know my body will be better if I do the ways. So I taught these “ 8 ways to help reduce stress” and I could understand their importance again. I also taught, “A Turtle Trying to Fly.” She seemed to like this song and tried to remember the lyrics. She said, “Everyone should do even impossible thing like the turtle. If we try to do everything, we would never have

January 2015 * Kanda University of International Studies * Ways of Learning

opportunity to succeed. This song pushes on the back of people who are at a loss about something to do.” Follow up! First, I asked her about 8 ways while she was cooking. To my surprised, she almost remembered. Although I asked my mother first, my mother then asked me if I could do them and talked about each one. As for the song, she could sing it, although really slowly. I was so glad because she tried to remember it like the turtle and we sang together. Conclusion: I understand it is useful to teach someone in order to remember myself. What's more, I can share wonderful thoughts. I'm so satisfied with this class because I was taught great ways to learn. 26. Why Do You Smile? Hitomi Endo (third year) Initial Teaching: I chose 8 ways to reduce stress to teach my friend. She is 21 years old and a KUIS student. I taught her in our free time on December 9th. First, I taught all 8 ways to reduce stress. The reason is that she didn’t know about this. Second, I taught the meanings. Each sentence has meaning so I needed to explain them. She couldn’t memorize at once so we repeated again and again. She seemed to like 8 ways to reduce stress and was interested in it. I also taught her “Why do you smile?” She sometimes looks tired so I think she needs to smile. Follow up! After teaching 15 minutes, I asked her how many she could memorize. She could say 3 or 4 but couldn’t say completely. So I gave her some hints and time to memorize. The first time, she could only say 3 things, simplify your schedule, get organized and take occasional breaks. The second time, she remembered almost all after one hour. Three days later, she could say all. I was happy and she was too. Recently, she doesn’t look good so I taught, “Why do you smile?” I wanted to see her smile so I chose this. After teaching, she smiled and looked nice. I was happier and she said thank you. Conclusion: I didn’t have confidence to teach someone even though I am taking the teacher training program. However, I could have confidence after teaching this time. If I have any chance, I would like to do it again and try to teach it at my part-time job or next year. January 2015 * Kanda University of International Studies * Ways of Learning

5 Ways to Happiness (5 Ways, hereafter) (9 Case Studies) 27. Remembering Again and Again Wins the Race Ayano Okamura Initially: I chose my little sister to teach the 5 Ways to. She is an 18 year-old high school student. I taught it while having dinner with my family on Dec 11th 2014 at about 9 pm in the dining room. First, I taught her the 5 Ways briefly without the tune. Apparently she could not memorize the 5 Ways at all at once, and she got a little bit confused. Then I taught her each of the ways slowly with the tune this time. Then she became gradually to get the hang of it. Lastly we sang the 5 Ways song together with the gestures. She seemed to be enjoying it and she was able to remember almost all of the ways on her own. I thought it would be easier for her to remember things with rhythm, tune and gestures, so I also taught her “what’s the weather like” and “what do you like” songs, because these are the songs we sang with gestures in our class. Not to mention, she enjoyed singing the songs as I expected! Follow up: After dinner I told her “let’s sing ‘the 5 ways’ together later so that we could remember it better!” Before going to bed I asked her to sing the song by herself. She was able to remember 3 ways out of 5, and could not remember the other 2. Then I sang the song together with her so that she could remember the rest of the ways. Next morning, when she woke up, I asked her again to sing the song. Surprisingly, she remembered all of the ways! I was really surprised. Conclusion: Although I often teach my little sister things we learned in our class, this was my first time to teach her something and ask her to remember it over and over. I realized that it is important to try to keep remembering what we are learning again and again. What are the 5 ways to happiness? (Tune 12 Day of Xmas.) When you want to be happy, there’s # (1-5) things you can do 幸せになりたい時は・・・

1.Smile from ear to ear 思いっきり笑おう 2. Breathe in deep 深呼吸して 3. Look up at the sky 空を見て 4. Sing a melody 歌を歌って 5. Dare to show your love 愛をしめそう January 2015 * Kanda University of International Studies * Ways of Learning

28. Teaching My Mother to Make Her Happy Mariko Sasamori Introduction: I chose my mother to teach the 5 Ways to Happiness to. She is 43 years old and works in a hospital for patients of cancer as a nurse. She enjoys working but sometimes feels stress, therefore I wanted to offer her a chance to learn different things and make her feeling good. I taught her step by step for 4 days. It took about 10 minutes each day. Initial Teaching: Day1: December 5th 2014 at about 11 pm I taught her before she went to bed in the living room. First, I sang the whole song to show her what she was going to remember. Then I showed her only gestures and we did them 5 times together. After this, she tried to do them by herself and she could. After 10 minutes and 30 minutes, I tested her twice whether she still remembered and she remembered well. In addition, she hummed the first part of the melody while doing gestures. She looked happy to learn new things and it made me happy as well. Progress of her learning Day2: December 6th 2014 at 9 pm First she showed how perfectly she remembered the 5 gestures. Then I taught her the words connected with the gestures slowly and clearly, however it seemed a bit boring to only teach words so I decided to teach her them with the melody. At first it was a little difficult for her to catch what I said so I repeated many times. Surprisingly she did shadowing even though I did not tell her about shadowing. Finally she could say words with a melody and gestures but the tune was incomplete. Day3: December 7th 2014 at 9:30 pm At first, I asked her to say or sing the 5 Ways by herself but she forgot some parts of the words. Therefore what we did first was she shadowed me singing and after that we sang it 3 times together. She sang it with her strange tune because she did not know the tune and I am kind of tone-deaf so I could not show her the right key. It was so funny and we laughed a lot. Day4: December 8th 2014 at 10 pm I checked whether she remembered 5 Ways and she completely remembered. It was supposed to be the end of teaching but she asked me to teach the first part of the song â&#x20AC;&#x153;When you want to be happy, there are 5 things you can doâ&#x20AC;?. I January 2015 * Kanda University of International Studies * Ways of Learning

thought she had a really high motivation to learn. Then she shadowed what I sung and we repeated it many times. It was a good point of her to do it again and again till she succeeded. Conclusion: Teaching is also learning. I could experience this method as I taught my mother and learned from her. I was glad to see her development day by day and it made my motivation for teaching high. She showed me that using gestures and shadowing were very useful for remembering and another great thing - learning new things were enjoyable! Even though she did not study English after graduation of HS, she succeeded in remembering a song in English. This is telling us that we can learn whatever whenever if you have motivation. I will keep it in mind. In conclusion I should like to say “thank you” to my mother to cooperate with this teaching case study.

29. Why Are We Learning What We Learn? Meaningfulness! Ayaka Ishikura Initial Teaching: I chose my boyfriend to teach the 5 ways to happiness and the reasons they are 5 ways to happiness. He is nineteen years old. I am the same age. He is a collage student learning about medical things. Therefore, he is not a KUIS student and also not yet good at speaking English. I taught on December 6th 2014 after dinnertime in my house. At first, I sang the song in front of him alone. Then, we sang it together many times. At that time, I found that he could not repeat the song completely, so I wrote down the lyrics for him. If he stopped singing, I let him see the paper. But I said, “too much seeing is not good for you. Try to recall in your mind.” His singing was better little by little. He never gave up trying to remember and sing. He could sing the song a little when we ended, but he needed my help singing and my gestures a little bit. Follow up!: The next day, on December 7th, I taught him the song, again. First, surprisingly, he completely forgot the song. He asked me what is next? What is last? What is first? So I taught him the song in detail again and again. And I found an important thing. It was if I did not teach the reasons of the 5 ways to happiness he would forget the song. Therefore I told him each reason for the 5 ways. On December 8th, fortunately, he could sing the most of the song amazingly! He felt it was hard, and I felt it was hard to teach the song, too.

January 2015 * Kanda University of International Studies * Ways of Learning

Conclusion: Why I chose the song to teach to my boyfriend is I think he needs to be always smiling, even if he feels bad or sad. So, when I taught the song to him, I attempted to smile. Even though, he could not understand well, I did not give up teaching with smiling. This experience also taught me: when I teach something to someone, I need to talk about logical things like reasons. This is a great incentive to learn something. Study needs not only enjoying, but also thinking deeply and meaningfulness.

30. Don’t Worry, Relax, and Learn! Haruka Takenawa Initial teaching: I chose my mother to teach 5 ways to happiness. She is 56 years old and works at a nursery school. I taught during a drive on Dec 14th 2014 for about 5 minutes. First I taught the melody. Second I taught the words with its melody. ”When you want to be happy there are 5 things you can do…..” As might have been expected, she remembered the song quickly. Then I taught the reasons. “Smile from ear to ear” means “Smiling brings you happiness, let it show the way.” And, “Breathing in deep” is good for you, because oxygen makes you feel comfortable. “Look up to the sky” when you feel sad, or want to cry, LOOK UP! Then you can reduce your stress. “Sing a melody” is singing a melody encourages you. And, “Dare to show your love” means “Being nice to people.” Relationships with friends and family make you happy and they make everybody happy. Follow up! After 30 minutes, I gave a quiz to her. She had trouble remembering “Dare to show your love”, because this was the first time to hear “dare” for her. So, I said “Don’t worry, relax!” as Tim usually says. The second time one day later, she didn’t forget. Also, she remembered the 5 reasons to happiness. We were happy to sing the song. Conclusion: I have taught my mother many times though Tim’s class. I think teaching something with singing a song has a great effect. The song of 5 ways to happiness is really a meaningful song. I would like to use that song with my future high school students in order to enhance their learning English motivation when I become a teacher next year.

January 2015 * Kanda University of International Studies * Ways of Learning

31. Teaching Mom: The Best Time Ever Koharu Naito Initial Teaching: I chose my mother to teach the 5 ways to happiness to. My mother works very hard everyday, so I taught while my mother was cooking on Dec 15th 2014 at about 8 pm in the kitchen. First I taught the 5 gestures. They were easy for her. She memorized them quickly. However, she had trouble to memorize the 5 sentences. It was difficult for her, because she couldnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t understand English, so I translated them into Japanese. Moreover we repeated a lot of times. First, she learned it with a serious look, but finally she looked like she was having fun! So I was happy. Follow up! After dinner, we sang it again. But she almost forgot everything! She remembered the 5 gestures and melody, but she forgot the 5 sentences. So we wrote the 5 sentences on the paper, and memorized them again! After taking a bath, we sang the song again. Then, she could sing all the words of 5 ways to happiness! We were glad to remember. Conclusion: I thought teaching is very fun. I taught a lot of things in English to my mother from our class, but this time was the best ever, because we really enjoyed the time together. Moreover, I thought teaching is very important for me, because I could remember the 5 ways to happiness perfectly! I learned that it takes a lot of time to memorize, so we have to try many times. It is important to repeat.

32. Lending a Hand Is a Way to Happiness Ryo Maruyama Initial Teaching: When I went back to my hometown in Shizuoka on December 10th, I told to my family about Tim's learning class at dinnertime. First, I tried teaching the 5 ways to happiness. However they looked bored because they don't like learning English. But I kept teaching and I said, "Please think about the melody, do not think about words or phrases. It will be fun!â&#x20AC;? They tried more and they came to be happy and my father said that he had never thought about learning English by singing songs. I felt very happy because I was able to make them happy and they could like learning English. Then is why I taught other knowledge I have learned, like the10 idioms. My January 2015 * Kanda University of International Studies * Ways of Learning

father visits foreign countries sometimes for his job so he is interested in English a little and he tries to know some idioms to communicate with foreign people. It was a good chance to give him some knowledge. Follow up! The next day, my father said to me about idioms and he tried to talk in English with me by using 10 idioms. I became happy because I had never thought that he could be interested in English more than previously and he tried to use these words! We talked more than 30 minutes in English until he left our home to work. Conclusion: After coming back to Chiba, I found that my father started to write something in English on facebook every week. I thought I was able to lend my father a hand for learning English, but I really take my hat off to his enthusiasm. Now I sometimes even call my father to speak in English!

33. How do you have a good life? and 5 Ways? Kohei Ishizuka Initial Teaching: I chose “5 ways to happiness’ to teach Hiroaki. He is 23 years old and works at Soft Bank in Shibuya. I met him on Dec 7th at 12 pm and we went to a restaurant. First I taught him only gestures, no words. Then I taught him gestures and lyrics. He had some troubles with lyrics because he thought lyrics shorter but this song’s lyrics are pretty long so told me it wasa difficult to remember. It took time to teach it. It was about 40 minutes. I also taught him “How do you have a good life’ because I think he is really tired of working so I hope him to meet friends and hung out with them. Follow up! After that we went to karaoke and after 2 hours I asked him about what I told just now. He was surprised that because he thought I won’t ask it again. Although it was first time to ask question he remembered 5 ways to happiness. Of course it wasn’t all perfect but he remembered most of it and also he almost remembered “How do you have a good life.” After 2 hours we were still in karaoke I asked him again. He couldn’t sing the whole songs but he was close. Before we came back home we were in Shibuya station. It was already past 2 a.m. I asked him the questions again (What are the 5 ways to happiness? And How do you have a good life?) and I said to him it was last time to ask question. Finally he could sing the whole songs and I was really January 2015 * Kanda University of International Studies * Ways of Learning

happy and he was happy too. He said thanks to me and he won’t forget them. However he said, “I can’t remember anymore songs. It was really hard!” Conclusion: This was my second time to teach Tim’s songs. Last year I taught ‘Are you young’ to another friend. I think I could get good experiences each time so I could teach better than last year. I noticed that teaching gives me a good review. If I have the opportunity to meet other friends I will teach it other songs, too.

34. Use Your Body to Learn! And Smile! Moe Inoue Initial Teaching: I taught 5 ways to happiness to my best friend. Her name is Minori, and she is studying architecture at university and 19 years old. I taught them when I stayed at her home on December 13th 2014 at about 11 pm in her room. As soon as I started singing, she followed my gestures and hummed but she didn't know these words and what these words meant, so I told her. She seemed to like the happy lyrics and the rhythm. Her favorite part was especially "Dare to show your love", and she sang it to me with the gesture and great smile many times. She really enjoyed it. Also, I taught her "Why do you smile?" because I loved this song and I thought she also would like it. Her smile brings me happiness! Follow up! The next day she hummed the song, but I knew she almost forgot it because we are best friends since we met 11 years ago. In fact, she forgot it except her favorite part. I told it again, and as I sang it unconsciously, she also sang with me. Now she remembers it completely. She said, "This is a first time for me to be able to sing an English song." She looked satisfied. Conclusion: Through teaching the case study, I realized that songs help people memorize language even if they are not so familiar, and people enjoy them. Also, I think gestures help people remember songs. When I learned English initially, I did not use my body but using our bodies is really helpful. How do you write well? Write x3 it down, set your feelings free, I make it upasi (up as I) go along, my pen is writing me. January 2015 * Kanda University of International Studies * Ways of Learning

35. Enjoyable Study with Friends is Effective Study! Arisa Ushiyama Initial Teaching: I chose my friend Masa and Sara to teach 5 ways to happiness to. They were members of our dance club in my high school days, and they don’t study English now. On December 14th, we met to practice dance. After we danced, I taught them it. First I taught the 5 ways to happiness by using only gestures. And I asked them what actions are represented. Next I taught the answers. Especially I taught about the meaning of “dare to shoe your love” because it seems more difficult to understand than the others. Finally I taught the song. They already know the melody, so they seemed to be able to remember it soon. And we sang it many times with gestures and we enjoyed it. Follow up! The next day, I asked them “What are the 5 ways to happiness?” They completely remembered the song. So we cried “I’m in love!” in Masa’s house. After that when we talked to each other, I knew that Masa’s motivation for her studying was going down. So I taught about PLU#5 (the roller coaster of progress). I could cheer her up by that story and she seems to become positive. Conclusion: I thought singing songs helps us to remember important things. And also my friends like this song, so they sang it many times. It is also helpful for them to remember how to be happy. Therefore, I also remember it deeply. It is also a good way to study. I can learn English by using songs and my textbook with my friends. I think to feel fun and enjoyment is important for study, too. We can study effectively when we make it fun and study naturally! 10 IDIOMS (12 Case Studies) 36. Teaching My Friend Tsurumi Ishizono First Teaching: I decided to teach 10 idioms for my friend. She is 19 years old and studying English as a first year student at KUIS. I taught her the 10 Idioms during lunchtime on December 11th 2014 at about 1 pm in the cafeteria. First I taught 10 gestures and played these gestures together without any explanation. She looked a little bit confused at that time, so I explained the meanings of that. January 2015 * Kanda University of International Studies * Ways of Learning

It was a little difficult to teach whole thing in English, so I sometimes taught using Japanese. Therefore, she could understand well. After that, we repeated that using gestures several times. Follow up! We met again at 5th class of this day. So I asked her questions about 10 idioms, but she could not remember all 10 idioms. She could not remember " a sharp mind " and " hard headed " However, we repeated that again and again more time, and finally, she could remember all completely!! She also said " I will try to use these expressions in classes!! I was very happy to hear that. Conclusion: I always taught my friends or sister song dictations every time, so it was my first time to teach like something like 10 idioms. It was a little bit difficult to teach them, but I tried to remember how Tim did in class. After that, I started to explain, so I could tell her smoothly. I think it is an effective way to understand and memorize what I learned in classes, so I will try to teach a lot of things to my sister or friends many times.

37. Teaching One of My Best Friends! Takahiro Takahashi Initial Teaching: I chose the 10 idioms to teach to my one of the best friends, Syuji. He is 20 years old and we have known each other for 10 years. Since I often go with him to Soga station on my way to Kanda University I taught him 10 idioms while we were commuting. He is going to work as a teacher after his graduation from college, also he likes English and teaching something useful to people so I taught him and repeated many times. I hope he will teach his students what he learned from me. We were also asking each other to confirm that we surely remembered the 10 idioms. He seemed to like particularly apple polishing and soon taught his friend. Then I thought that it is great that what Tim taught me is expanding to many people and it is amazing and gratifying to give to others. Follow up! After we worked together many times, I gave a written copy of the 10 idioms and told him I would come back and give him a quiz twice, and to please make an effort to remember what we did together. Before I left him, he said it would be interesting and easy to answer perfectly. The first test time I January 2015 * Kanda University of International Studies * Ways of Learning

came back he only couldn’t answer the 5th idiom, “take one’s hat off to someone.” I helped him to remember it with a song. The second time he did perfectly and fluently. Even though I suddenly gave him the quiz, he could say the whole thing. We are really happy to share something interesting and useful. Conclusion: Because I have taught students many subjects as a cram school teacher for over a year, I’ve gotten used to teaching. However, I learned this time, learning something pleasantly makes people encouraged to learn or study even more. I will introduce what we learned to my teaching.

38. Social Learning With My Lovely Friend Natsuki! Kaho Shirai Initial Teaching: I chose my friend Natsuki to teach 10 idioms to. She is 20 years old, same as me. We belong to “Habitats for Humanity.” She always looks happy, so she already knows how to be happy. She is always singing songs and dancing. So, I chose 10 idioms because she really loves to learn English. She has good motivation. On Dec.4 at a Habitat meeting, I taught her the 10 idioms. She looked happy to know new English. I repeated again and again so she would be able to remember and do the gestures. She was laughing all the time. Follow up! After 1 hour at the end of the meeting. She had almost forgotten them. So, I taught them again. And, we said them loudly with gestures. We enjoyed it. Then, I thought she would be able to remember them because we had a very interesting time. 4 days later, I met her in the café in KUIS. Then, I made sure that she could recall the 10 idioms. I said “Hey, Nastuki! Do you remember the 10 idioms? Could you tell me?” She said yeah! She told them to me perfectly. I was surprised at her brain! Conclusion: It was the first time to tell things to the same person many times. Through this activity, our brains are stronger and stronger because we say them again and again. Continually repeating is powerful for learning something. And, learning with a friend is helpful for study. I guess the last reason is very interesting. So, when I have tests, I will definitely study with my friends.

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39. Go for Great Gestures! Setoh Yutaro Initial teaching: I chose my friend Satoshi to teach 10 idioms to because he knows this class most than any other friend. He is my best friend in KUIS. I taught him 10 idioms on Dec 12th 2014. On that day we went to restaurant to eat dinner and talk a lot. Suddenly I remembered this homework. I told it to him and he cooperated. Firstly I taught 10 idioms without gestures. Then he started repeating them but he was able to only the first 3 idioms. Next I taught him the gestures of 10 idioms. Then he was able to remember more than when I taught only words. He especially liked the gesture of sharp mind so he remembered it quickly. He was trying to repeat all of 10 idioms while eating dinner. Then he was able to remember 10 idioms. It took about 30 minutes. Follow up! I called him on Dec 14th, Sunday night. I asked him to remember and say 10 idioms again. First he remembered 7 idioms. He forgot sweet-talker, take my hat off and show my face. So I gave him the hints of these. Then he was able to remember all idioms. To my surprise he remembered the correct order mostly. He told me that at first he remembered the gestures and Japanese meanings of 10 idioms and he tried to turn them into English words. I think he is great because he learned these idioms quickly. However when I said to him, “ Thank you!” He said, “I’m tired good night.” Conclusion: I felt that using my body physically is a good way to remember and learn something. At first I told him only words but he was not able to remember the 10 idioms well. However he was able to remember them with the gestures. I think we need something special for our memories to remember rather than repeating words. Gestures are a good way to learn so that we can visualize the image of the words. When I have to remember or teach something, I will try to make gestures of it. It will probably help my learning.

40. Teaching My Young Sister Kazuki Yamaya Initial Teaching: I chose my young sister to teach 10 idioms to. She is 13 years old. And she is studying English to pass the “Eiken” of pre 2nd grade. She got 3rd grade last year although she is only 13 years old. But I think it is too January 2015 * Kanda University of International Studies * Ways of Learning

difficult for her to pass this test because she lacks vocabulary and idioms. So, I hope that the 10 idioms that I taught her will help her for the test. It was on December 11th at about 8 p.m. My hometown is Nigata. But I live in alone in Chiba. So, I taught her on the telephone. At first, I taught her the basic idioms because she is a junior high school student. So, I think it is difficult for her to understand difficult idioms. Follow Up! After 30 minutes, I asked her the 10 idioms. I think she must be have had trouble. But she broke my expectation. She wrote down 10 idioms on the paper and repeated on the cell phone completely. I was really surprised. She has a great ability of English. So, in addition, I taught her some high level idioms. It seemed to be difficult for her. But she also remembered them completely. Conclusion: I felt happy because my young sister learned from me. I was impressed. We both took private English lessons. We often studied English together in our childhood. So, I looked back on it with nostalgia when I taught English to her. And I think she felt it, too. She is very kind and earnest. She is a great person. I like her. I hope she will succeed in the test, and in her future.

41. My Hat Flies Off for My Friend! Mai Kitamura Initial Teaching: I chose 10 idioms to teach my friend. She is same age as me and we have been friends for 4 years. I met her at my part time job. Although I have already quit the job, we are still good friends. Actually, I take my hat off to her, because, she is interested in various cultures. Especially, she likes America and Korea. She can sing a song in English and Korean perfectly. Follow Up! As she studies English like me, I thought it was better to teach her. I taught 10 idioms when we went out. She is good at remembering words, so it was no problem to teach all in a day. I started teaching while we had a drink at a coffee shop. First, I asked what is the meaning of the idioms and she guessed. She could understand most idioms, however, she looked surprised to know â&#x20AC;&#x153;apple polishingâ&#x20AC;? meaning. I explained why an apple is used and she seemed to understand.

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After working about 15 minutes, I gave a quiz to her. Surprisingly, she could remember all idioms in a few minutes. She did it very well. I recommended her to put a memo sheet about the 10 idioms somewhere in her house. I put 4 papers in my room, toilet, kitchen and bath. She learned how to study in English. Conclusion: I sent her a message to check to ask if she had remembered the idioms or not. She said, “ I put a memo in my room so I’ll never forget.” I was happy to hear from her. Also, she sent me a story using 10 idioms. It was great. I recognize that teaching is good for both of us the person who teach and learn. I will never forget this valuable experience.

42. Happy Repeating Wins the Race! Risa Watanabe Initial Teaching: I chose my mother to teach 10 idioms and 5ways to happiness to. She is 49 years old works at super market. I taught 10 idioms and 5ways to happiness while she was making dinner in the kitchen at about 6 p.m. First, I just gestured 10 idioms. Second, I gestured and said them in English. However, my mother understood only a few idioms. Third, I explained them in Japanese. Therefore, she could understand perfectly. Finally, I gestured and said them with her. Follow Up! We repeated them again and again, so she became able to do it. A few days later, I asked her about the 10 idioms. However, she couldn’t answer at all. She forgot them, so I taught them again. At that time, I taught them as a quiz. First, I said the 10 idioms in Japanese and she tried to answer. She could answer all the idioms. Then, I said them in English, and she could answer 8 idioms with gestures. We tried it for 3 days, so she became able to gesture and say the 10 idioms in English on the third day. I was so happy!!! Also, she was so happy, too!!! Conclusion: It was the second time to teach her about Tim’s class contents, but the first time I just taught. I didn’t follow up with her, so this time was a good experience. Also, I learned how to teach someone who doesn’t know English. If we would like to learn something, we have to keep doing it everyday little by little. January 2015 * Kanda University of International Studies * Ways of Learning

43. I Take My Hat Off To My Mother! Momoko Shimizu Initial Teaching: I chose my mother as my student. She is 48 years old and works at the transfer company as an office worker. Firstly I taught her about 10 idioms, it was Friday night on December 5th. These were very good for using daily but quite difficult to remember all with gestures. However, 10 idioms need to gesture so I taught these all with gestures. Of course, it was difficult for her to remember all because she isn't an English learner so I taught these every morning. Follow Up! After I come home, I asked her "what word did you remember?" Then, she answered "...?" She didn't remember any the first day. But a few days later, she could remember all 10 idioms! After she remember 10 idioms, I taught 8 ways to reduce stress in a same ways. It was good for my mother since she felt stress every day because of her job. She could remember all things on December 14th. Conclusion: The most difficult to teach and remember was the 5 ways to happiness. It needed to teach why these were good for happiness. I tried to tell her easily but she couldn't understand well. Also, I like to sing, "The turtle trying to fly is more beautiful than a bird sitting in the tree." When I was an elementary school student, I had a turtle whose name was Kamekichi. I and my mother loved him and our favorite animal is turtles so I taught her this song. She would be interested in this song and could remember soon. I thought to learn from someone was difficult but to teach someone was more difficult, and teaching was good for remembering!

44. Teaching My Sharp Minded Mother! Kyosuke Kayano Initial Teaching: I decided to teach 10 idioms and gestures to my mother on December 12, 2014 at about 9 pm. She is 50 years old and works at Chiba bank. I taught them before sleeping and I decided to ask her the next morning. I taught 10 idioms only one time and I researched how many idioms and gestures could she memorize. She felt a little bit sleepy but she did it. I thought she could memorize 5 or 6 of them. January 2015 * Kanda University of International Studies * Ways of Learning

Follow Up! She could do well. She could memorize 5 idioms and gestures next morning! She is smart. She memorized short sentences like "my lips are sealed" and "sweat talker." I think she is not good at remembering long words, but she is good at short ones. She likes English and she wants to learn more so I will continue to do this activity!! Conclusion: Teaching is wonderful learning and I felt it again. We should teach each other not only English, but also other stuff and learn a lot. Tim's songs reveal that "We talk a lot and we learn a lot". It is very good idea and we must do that everyday. This teaching report is one way to study English and I want to find more interesting ways to learn English!

45. Learning With My Brother Rika Fujishiro Initial Teaching: I chose my brother to teach 10 idioms to. He is 19 years old and he is a university student. I taught before dinner on Dec. 13th 2014 at about 6 pm in our room. First I taught 10 idioms without gestures. He struggled to remember all of 10 idioms. So, then I taught 10 idioms with gestures. He seemed to like some of them, so he could remember some of them. However, he couldn’t remember all of them yet. He was tired trying to remember 10 idioms, so I taught, “How are you?” for recreation. Follow up! After I taught 10 idioms with gesture, he could remember almost all of the 10 idioms. However, he still couldn’t remember all of them. So, we wrote it down on four pieces of paper, and put them on the wall of toilet, his bed, mirror and back of his iPhone. And then, we repeated that every 2 hours until the time to sleep. The next day, I gave him a quiz sometimes. In the first time, he could remember only four of them. The second time, he could remember eight of them. The third time, he could remember all of them. We were so happy with that. And also, he could sing the “How are you?” song with me! Conclusion: Before I taught 10 idioms to my brother, I didn’t remember all of them. However, when I taught 10 idioms to him, he could remember them and also I could remember them. So I think, teaching something is good for learning and also good for teachers to remember. In addition, using gestures are useful. January 2015 * Kanda University of International Studies * Ways of Learning

46. Lending a Hand to My Sister! Kuroda Risa Initial Teaching: I taught my younger sister 10 idioms. She is a high school student, so she studies English, but she is not good at English. However she said she wants to speak in English a little. I think her pronunciation in English is good, so I thought I would teach her the 10 idioms. First, I taught them in English without gestures two times, and she almost couldn't understand. After that I taught that again with gestures, and she did the gestures, and she guessed some of the meanings. At the end of the day, I taught all in Japanese, and we said it together in English three times. Follow up! The next day, I asked her to tell me the 10 Idioms, but she couldn't say hardly any, so I taught them again, and we said them together. After that she tried to say 10 Idioms alone. She could say 6 Idioms that day. I said her to try to repeat 10 idioms 2 or 3 times in a day. Two days later, she finally could say all of them! I recommended her to recall 10 Idioms when she has free time after she could remember them. Conclusion: I was happy because my sister completely remembered that, and she also looked happy. Teaching is good opportunity for me to think clear explanation and I could become perfect speaker of 10 Idioms.

47. Gestures Make Learning Easy Marina Watanabe Initial Teaching: I chose my friend, Miao, to teach 10 idioms to. She is 22 years old and also a student in KUIS. I taught after a mutual MEDIA class on Dec 4th 2014 at about 3 pm. First, I taught 1 to 5 idioms. Then I taught 6 to 10 idioms. Some idioms are easy to associate with the meaning, but other are a little bit difficult, so we repeated them a few times. Also I taught the gestures of the idioms after we repeated them. But she had a class after that, and there was barely time to practice, so I wrote down the 10 idioms on a paper and gave it to her. Follow up! The next week, we had the same class on Monday so I conducted a quiz for her. She could answer most of the 10 idioms with the gestures though some of them were still difficult to answer soon. The first time, she had trouble remembering “a sharp mind”, “take one’s hat off to someone”. The January 2015 * Kanda University of International Studies * Ways of Learning

second time, she could answer most of them. The next time, I gave her a final quiz. She could answer all of them. When I taught the gestures at first, she laughed and asked me “what are these gestures?” I know her feeling because we usually don’t put gestures for memorizing vocabularies. But she looked like she was enjoying them, and the gestures seem to be useful to remember the idioms. Conclusion: I’ve never taught anyone anything before this class. I think this activity is good for both the person I teach and me. I noticed again that gestures with the words or sentences are easy to remember. If I have trouble with idioms in the future, I will try to make gestures! 7 Ways to Improvisation (4) 48. Improvising Teaching Improvisation! Alisa Sugita Initial Teaching: I chose my friend to teach the 7 ways to improvise. She is 23 years old in KUIS and she belongs to the Chinese department. I taught her after lunch on December 14th 2014 at 14 p.m. in KUIS. Before I taught them, she guessed what the 7 ways to improvise were. She thought 1. Learn 2. Make an effort 3. Keep your motivation 4.Imagine 5. Take a rest 6. Never give up 7. Keep smiling. Then I taught the answers. After I explained them, she told me her opinion. 1. Play : agree 2. Let yourself fail : disagree Reason: If you want agreements, you don’t have to fail yourself. 3. Listening : disagree: Reason: Talking to a person is more necessary than listening because it can get more attention. In other words, it is better that you try to have a conversation. 4. say Yes :agree 5. say And: agree and disagree It is good but if you want to emphasize what you want to say, ‘but’ will be better. In addition, there is case in which more understandable to use a paradox. 6. Relax : agree 7. have Fun: agree January 2015 * Kanda University of International Studies * Ways of Learning

Follow up: I called her the next day and I asked what I told yesterday. She completely remembered the 7 ways to improvise. I asked her, “Why did you remember at one time?” She said, “Because you asked me to guess what are the 7 ways to improvise and we discussed.” Conclusion: I already learned teaching is a good way to memorize but I noticed teaching and discussing are even better ways to memorize. I showed the video of the 7 ways to improv (Dave Morris: TEDxVictoria) on December 15th 2014 at 9 pm. She could understand it more clearly than when I explained and she agreed.

49. Improvising with My Wise Little Sister Sato Yusuke Initial Teaching: I chose my little sister to teach 7 ways of improvisation. She is a JHS student and likes studying English. I taught her before dinner in the living room. First I taught to play and to “let your self fail.” It is because sometimes we hesitate to do something. Then I taught her the other ways. Especially, I taught to say “yes” and say “and”, because I think they are very important parts. To say them make us more positive. Thinking positively is very useful for us. Thanks to that, we can improve our skills more easily than when we think negatively. She was glad to know the 7 ways of improvisation. Follow up! I told her I would ask her about what I taught her, but I did not tell when I would ask. The first time I asked, she almost remembered. However, the second time she was starting to forget, so I played a TV game with her and asked them. She could answer all the ways after that. Conclusion: I think the 7 ways of improvisation can help what we always do. Also, it helps to play TV games, so she can remember them easily. She will use these ways, because she thinks they are fit for her. I sometimes teach her for teaching report. I think teaching is very good for me. She always enjoys what I teach her. I also have fun to teach her. I am really glad if she becomes wiser than I, but also I may feel sad. We can enjoy and learning a lot together.

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50. Smiling with Improvisation! Sumika Tozawa Initial Teaching: I chose my best friend in my dormitory, Chihiro to teach “7 ways of improvisation” and the “Why do you smile?” song. She is a sophomore and she has a part-time job 4 times a week, she is a busy person. I taught before lunch on Dec 9th 2014 about 11:30 am at Lapaz. First I taught “7 ways of improvisation.” Then I taught “Why do you smile?” song. She looked like she enjoyed learning these things and singing a song. We sang the song together. Also, after I taught about the ways of improvisation, we watched the TED talk video on YouTube (Dave Morris, TEDxVictoria). She seemed to like it and only sometimes was confused. I showed my Action Log about these things to teach them more. We talked a lot during second period. We also sang the song many times. Follow up! After working about 30 minutes, I told her I would give a quiz every day. I continued asking her about those two things. When I met her, suddenly I asked her “Why do you smile?” At first, she was confused. However, gradually she got used to answer this quiz. I asked her again and again. We were also able to listen to music together at these times. New songs are an attractive way to learn English. Conclusion: I did such quizzes for the first time ever. I felt nervous but I really enjoyed asking her repeatedly. I learned “Performance makes perfect” from this experience. I think that we learn easily from our favorite things. For example, someone who likes listening to music, he/she can learn from songs’ lyrics. This is effective for students who are eager to improve their skills.

51. A Roller Coaster of Progress Tomoyo Matsushita Initial teaching: I taught my brother about 7 ways to improvisation. He is 17 years old, and he is high school student. He doesn't like English and studying. He has only knowledge as a junior high school student. I thought this is very hard work to teach him about English. But I wanted him to be a good English learner. I taught him before dinner on Dec 13th 2014 in the kitchen. So, I started teaching. First, I taught him what is the 7 ways to improvisation in January 2015 * Kanda University of International Studies * Ways of Learning

English. I told him please repeat again. We repeated all parts many times. He seemed to dislike this practice and frustrated. After he could say 7 ways to improvisation, I wrote down the complete version and gave it to him to use. I taught him why 7 ways to improvisation is important. It seems difficult for him to understand. I used simple English as much as possible. I thought it could be easy to understand. He could understand part of it. Follow up ! After studying, I ask him what’s the 7 ways to improvisation to help him remember it. I thought it is difficult for him to answer all of it, so I gave him a hint “PLLYARF.” At first, He couldn’t answer my question. He couldn’t answer “R is follow the rule and relax”. I taught him again, and I said, “I will ask you the same question many times. You have to answer it. Please remember it”. He looked tired, but said yes. After 30 minutes, I asked him again. He could answer my question! The third time, I asked him after 1 hour. He forgot most of it. The fourth time after 3 hours, he couldn’t remember any words. I told him “if you can’t remember, it’s not saying you got it.” I told him, “You’d better teach another person what you learned. If you do it, you remember better.” One day later, I asked him again. He could say all of it. I think he could improve his skill. Conclusion: I have taught to other people about English at cram school, but it is so different to teach to others in English. I didn’t use Japanese. Et Cetera 52. Teaching My Mother On the Phone! Akane Ueda Initial Teaching: I chose my mother to teach about the way to learn English. I live in a dormitory near KUIS alone. So, I taught her on the phone. On December 11, I called my mother about 8:00 p.m. I want to go to Australia with my mother soon, but she can’t speak English very well. She wants to speak English, so she asked me how to learn to speak. I learned about the ways to learn English in Tim’s class, so I taught some SDs to her. First, I taught “Shadowing” and “How do you succeed?” We sang it many times, and she sometimes listens to an English speaking CD, and shadows many times. Second, I taught about “What’s more beautiful than a bird sitting in the tree?” It is because I like this song very much, and I think the lyrics are very important for us. January 2015 * Kanda University of International Studies * Ways of Learning

After I taught 20 minutes, she told me “Tim’s class looks interesting! If I were a student in KUIS, I would want to take this class!” She didn’t like English when she was in university and she is not good at English. So, I think I want to teach more about our class. I can review it and we can enjoy learning English together. Conclusion: I often taught about our class to my mother as a teaching report, but this time, I talked with my mother for a long time. We could enjoy learning English together. Teaching is very good way for me to learn, too!

53.Are you young! Mika Saito Initial Teaching: I choose my mother to teach my favorite song dictation “Are you young?” First, I just sang “Are you young? ” but she didn’t understand the meaning. Second, I explained it using Japanese with examples. She understood the meaning and she said, “It has a good meaning. I always become older… but we don’t need to think about that. You know, we often worry and regret small things. But they are just small things.” Because of my explanation, she understood but she didn’t memorize it. I wanted her to memorize it so we sang it together several times. Follow Up! After teaching, we talked about other things like my school event or my hometown things for an hour and more. We just enjoyed talking. An hour later, I asked her “Are you young?” She was not perfect. She sang 60% of the song. I ask her again every hour for several hours. She came to memorize it completely more and more. Conclusion: When I have great phrases or sayings that I am impressed by, I always attach those sayings or notes in my notebook, because I want to share them and I don’t want to forget about them. In this case, I was not only sharing, but I had to teach. I feel it was difficult. I took the education course so I know how difficult it is to teach something again. Finally, I know teaching is difficult but I also know how teaching is fun. I want to continue to tell and teach from now on.

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54. Teaching My Mother Teaches Me Kazuki Azuma (8 Ways) Initial Teaching: I chose my mother to teach the 8 ways to reduce stress. She is 50 years old and works in an ordinary company, but she has to get up early to cook my breakfast and make my lunch, and she comes back to our home late. My family is a fatherless family. From the past until now, she keeps taking care of me, so I want to help her to reduce her stress. It was on Dec 14th 2014 at about 5 p.m. in the living room. I taught her the 8 ways to reduce clearly. Follow up: The next morning, I asked her "do you remember them?" She answered, "Of course!" She had practiced them. She said, “These 8 ways are so useful for me" and she went to her company as usual. She looked relaxed. Conclusion: I was so glad to hear that from her. This time, after teaching, I want to try to increase the opportunities of talking with my family. I am sure we become more cheerful. Lately, I started to know the importance of making those people around me happy. When they smile, I feel happy. Especially, I learned this from this class.

55. The Best Way to Study English is to Help Friends! Satsuki Otaka (8 Ways) Initial Teaching: I taught my best friend about the 8 ways to reduce stress. She is 21 years old, lives in Tokyo and studies nursing. She has really wanted to be a nurse since she was high school student. One day, we were chatting and she said “I feel that my school is very hard, it is stressful for me.” So, I decided to teach my best friend the 8 ways to reduce stress. First, we shadowed each other and she wrote them all down. Next, we were thinking about their meanings because I think that we should know them and she could understand them well. Finally, she knew this topic by heart and repeated many times. She said that “Now, I do not have so much stress! These ideas help me and I feel very happy.” When I heard that, I was very happy, too. I was happy that I could reduce her stresses! Conclusion: When I started this activity, I was really nervous because I do not like to teach something to people. But my best friend understood it and I could January 2015 * Kanda University of International Studies * Ways of Learning

change her mind! My friend felt happy and me too. This is the best way to study English and help good friends! I want to continue to do this activity with other people and I want to assist other people to be healthy and happy!

56. Teaching Teaches! Shiori Kozutsumi (8 Ways) Initial Teaching: I decided to teach my sister the eight ways to reduce stress. She is 31 years old, and she is working as a system engineer and uses English. I had a chance to have dinner with her on December 6th 2014 at about 7 p.m. At that time, I taught it to her in her house. Firstly, I explained the style of this class with her, and she looked surprised. I said to her, “I learned a lot of things related to the ways of living! I will always be happy after finishing this class. This is because it is full of positive words in the class every time!” She smiled with me. My sister went to university and graduate school in the U.S.A., so I asked her if she had had a class like ours when she was a university student? She said “No”. At first, I began to introduce some songs, and then I told her the eight ways to reduce stress. At the beginning, I just taught her 8 initials; COPS BEES, and I said, “Please guess eight words starting from these about reducing stress”. She said a few words like brave, beautiful, positive, communication and so on. As a result, she said four correct words, eat, positive, exercise and sleep. After that, I introduced the other four ways with a few explanations. She seemed to like it, and she was smiling when I was teaching it by speaking English. At the end, I wrote down all of these, gave it to her, and said “Please remember this by using COPS BEES! It makes it easier to remember these ways. I will ask you if you can remember it or not several times!” The reason why I taught her it is that she is a system engineer, and she sometimes says to me, “My job is too hard.” I wanted to reduce her stress. In addition, it was my first time to speak English with my sister. Until this time, I was always nervous, because she is really good at speaking English. Through this opportunity, I thought I was afraid of making mistakes. In short, I could improve myself. Follow up: After teaching with her about 35 minutes, I said to her, “I am sorry, but it is my assignment for this class to follow up. I know you are busy, but could you please help me with my homework? It will take only a January 2015 * Kanda University of International Studies * Ways of Learning

few minutes each time. I also think it does not make sense if you forget it completely. It is my teaching. And I would like to make your life better.” She said, “Okay.” Before parting from her, I made sure whether she could remember all of ways. Two hours later, I asked her about it. The first time, she forgot three ways. Four hours later, the second time, she could say all but one, “simplify your schedule.” The third time, she could answer all of them. She looked happy. Two days later, I asked her it again, and she could still answer them perfectly. I became glad. Five days later, I asked her about it again, and she could say it completely! I think she will never forget them. Conclusion: I have never had a chance to talk about anything with my sister in English. As I said before, my sister has many experiences to use English, so I was afraid that I would be made fun of by her. However, after finishing teaching her the ways to reduce stress, I noticed that, I learned that it was important to make many mistakes, and do it again to succeed! (Then I remembered the melody of the song; how do you succeed?) From this opportunity, I could realize some important things, and I thought I wanted to try anything now! Teaching taught me teaching is a way to learn. And I think I learned more than my sister! ******************

SONG ROUNDS TUNE: Row x3 Your Boat nice four part group sing! With gestures! Bonus Track from Tim 7/7/12 A. Write x3 it down, set your feelings free,//* I make it upasi (up as I) go along, my pen is writing me. B. Smile, breathe, look at the sky, sing a melody,// dare to show your love to me, dare to show your love. C. Young strong and beautiful, living an adventure,// the world’s a fascinating place I love to love to love.

D. My dear friends and classmates, I will miss you so// You’ve helped me learn a [hell of a lot], To laugh and go with the flow. [n’ go wi tha] Why do you Smile? Warau kado niwa fuku kitaru Smiling brings you happiness, let it show the way January 2015 * Kanda University of International Studies * Ways of Learning

How do you succeed? (Tune: Santa Claus is Coming 2 town) Kaeuta TM A) Do it again x 8(doitagain) Make many mistakes and do it again. B) Yariba dekiru Naseba Naru x2 Nana korobi ya oki!

How do you have a good life? (old camp song) *

Make new friends and keep the old,

*One is silver and the other’s gold

Who do you love? I’ll love you forever, I’ll like you for always,

As long as I’m living, My baby you’ll be.(book [Love You Forever] & song by Robert Munsch, 1986) How are you?

Super happy so delightful joyful and amazing

(Mary Poppins tune of …

Super happy optimistic joyful and prodigious, or

supercalifragilisticexpialidocious)

Truly awesome so tenacious lovingly vivacious

[Teach 5 strategies: Chunk/Backf/rhythm/song/Hru?] Sugoi kanpeki subarashii sekkyokuteki genki

ごいかんぺきすばらしいせっきょくてきげんき

How do you Change the World? Be the change (x3) you wish to see in the world I don’t serve… my dear world… by pretending to be small I’ll stand tall, I will stand tall When you change yourself, you change the world What do you like? [To the tune of “Oh Suzannah” Point to things!] I like your shirt, I like your pants, I like your shoes and socks. I like the way you do your hair, you look just like a bear.

Are you Young? I’m Young and Strong and Beautiful, I’m living an adventure The world’s so fascinating; it makes me want to cry. I want to cry to the world; I want to fly all around I want to tell everybody I’m in love, I’m in love I’m in love X4 I wanna tell everybody I’m in love. (original TM) + power pose!! (see cover photos!) January 2015 * Kanda University of International Studies * Ways of Learning

Teaching to Learn! Teaching Case Studies by “Ways of Learning” Students January 2015, Kanda University of International Studies Edited by Tim Murphey

A Turtle Trying To Fly Class Publication

January 2015 * Kanda University of International Studies * Ways of Learning