PSY/203T Foundations Of Psychology The Latest Version A+ Study Guide **********************************************
PSY 203T Entire Course Link https://www.onlinehelp123.com/psy-203 ********************************************** PSY 203T Wk 2 – Week 2 Exam The cognitive learning concept of _____ learning is most prominently associated with _____. Multiple Choice • implicit; Thorndike • latent; Tolman • implicit; Tolman • latent; Thorndike
______ is the decrease in response to a stimulus that occurs after repeated presentations of the same stimulus. Multiple Choice • Sensation • Habituation • Disinhibition • Conservation
Which of the following terms best captures the meaning of the term heuristic, as cognitive psychologists use it? Multiple Choice • Program • Strategy • Formula • Principle
______ is credited with laying the foundation for the study of classical conditioning in psychology. Multiple Choice • Pavlov • Thorndike • Watson • Skinner Almost everybody has had the feeling of knowing the answer to a question but not being quite able to say it. This is called the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon and is a failure of: Multiple Choice • trace consolidation. • retention. • storage. • retrieval. •
Which of the following approaches to treating a phobia is ly matched with the type of learning that it reflects? Multiple Choice • Conditioning client to associate a response of relaxation rather than anxiety to the feared object—observational learning • Exposing client to a model interacting successfully with the feared object—classical conditioning • A new behavior is learned but not demonstrated until some incentive is provided for displaying it—perceptual learning • Reinforcing client directly by interacting with the feared object—operant conditioning
Mental groupings of objects, events, or people that share common features are called: Multiple Choice • heuristics. • algorithms. • ideas. • concepts. •
Bandura's Bobo doll experiment was intended to demonstrate: Multiple Choice • latent learning. • stimulus control training.
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shaping. observational learning.
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______ is a process in which, after a stimulus has been conditioned to produce a particular response, stimuli that are similar to the original stimulus produce the same response. Multiple Choice • Stimulus generalization • Stimulus discrimination • Stimulus reflexive • Stimulus location
___ is associated with the Fearless Peer experiment which demonstrates _____. Multiple Choice • Pavlov; classical conditioning • Bandura; observational learning • Thorndike; latent learning • Skinner; operant conditioning
Which of the following statements accurately captures the relationship among the modules of long-term memory? Multiple Choice • Episodic and semantic memory are both components of declarative memory. • Episodic and semantic memory are both components of procedural memory. • Declarative and semantic memory are both types of episodic memory. • Declarative and semantic memory are both types of procedural memory.
A prototype is: Multiple Choice • the least frequent example of a concept. • the most typical or highly representative example of a concept. • the most unusual or distinctive example of a concept. • the first example of a concept that one encounters.
_______ is the process by which information is used to draw conclusions and make decisions. Multiple Choice • Predicting • Conceptualizing • Negotiating
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Reasoning
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he view that language development is produced through a combination of genetically determined predispositions and environmental circumstances that help to teach language is known as the ________ approach. Multiple Choice • interactionist • nativist • prescriptive • learning-theory People's memories of the moment in which they learned of events such as the 9/11 attacks on the World Trade Center, Princess Diana's death, and the 1986 Challenger explosion are termed ________ memories. Multiple Choice • procedural • nondeclarative • implicit • flashbulb •
_______ rehearsal occurs when information is considered and organized in some fashion. Multiple Choice • Elaborative • Maintenance • Rote • Primary _______ is learning in which a voluntary response is strengthened or weakened, depending on its favorable or unfavorable consequences. Multiple Choice • Operant conditioning • Classical conditioning • Observational learning • Instrumental conditioning
In general, _____ schedules of reinforcement yield high response rates. Multiple Choice • variable-interval • fixed-ratio
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variable-ratio fixed-interval
Negative reinforcement: Multiple Choice • increases the likelihood that preceding behaviors will be repeated. • is a stimulus whose removal leads to a decrease in the probability that a preceding response will be repeated. • is the same thing as punishment. • decreases the likelihood that a behavior will be performed.
Which of the following alternatives ly identifies a stimulus or response in Watson and Rayner's "Little Albert" study? Multiple Choice • Unconditioned stimulus—noise • Unconditioned response—rat • Neutral stimulus—fear • Conditioned stimulus—fear
_______ occurs when a previously conditioned response decreases in frequency and eventually disappears. Multiple Choice • Extinction • Deconditioning • Habituation • Adaptation
Why is it so difficult to retrieve information from long-term memory? Multiple Choice • The material that makes its way to long-term memory is temporary • The capacity of long-term memory is limited. • The duration of long-term memories is limited. • There is so much information being stored in long-term memory. Classical conditioning is most successful when the neutral stimulus occurs: Multiple Choice • just before the unconditioned stimulus occurs. • immediately after the unconditioned stimulus occurs. • at exactly the same time that the unconditioned stimulus occurs. • long before the unconditioned stimulus occurs.
The process by which we encode, store, and retrieve information is known as ________. Multiple Choice • perception • rehearsal • cognition • memory
Material in memory storage has to be located and brought into awareness to be useful. This process is known as ________. Multiple Choice • storage • retrieval • potentiation • encoding