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Research Social + Sustainable Studio Soumitri Varadarajan Lucy Fraser, s3203390
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Content
Thoughts
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Scientific Method
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Working with people
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Research For Design
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Research About Design
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Design As Research
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Learning with your Hands
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Cultural Crossings
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Thoughts
Traditional research is so engrained in my behaviour that it is hard to isolate and analyse. I have been taught to ‘research’ my entire educational life. It is a compulsory part of learning, something that is tested in highschool and even university. Research is considered a tool that leads to greater understanding and therefore awareness and knowledge. These well learnt methods are being challenged as I discover the broader spectrum of research and the varieties of approaches that exist.
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Scientific Method
1. Pull apart or pull together the brief. Be aware of what is needed. 2. Gain a general understanding of the topic area via the following... * A good old Google and Wikipedia search * Ted talks, design blogs * University and local libraries * Lecturer recommended sources 3. Isolate the areas that are of particular relevence
4. In depth research via the following... * Literature review * Participant observation * Interviewing experts * Surveying stakeholders 5. Idea generation via... * Brainstorming * Thumbnail sketches * Improvements to existing
6. Idea refinement 7. Prototyping and testing... * Materials * Lots of user feedback * Expert feedback 8. Production 9. Reflection. Feedback from... * The same experts interviewed * Stakeholders * Lecturers * Peers *Myself
10. How improvements could be implemented
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The Scientific Method helps me identify: * Key people; writers, advocates, educators * Stakeholders * Surrounding community * End users * Existing solutions * What stakeholders want and need * SWOT- Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats * I can apply this acquired knowledge to make educated design decisions, which justify the final product This is essential when dealing with the business side of things. You have to provide evidence of a niche and that your design has a point of difference. This method is an approach I have normally taken in the past, particularly to product design. However, my research methodology is constantly evolving.
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Getting people excited about their work, sharing their passion.
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Working with People
My traditional approach to research was first challenged when I began to do projects that were human-centred. I discovered that there was only so much that I could learn from books and websites, from secondary sources. People are strange and unpredictable. I have experienced this first hand in a job at the Sydney Rocks markets. You can’t expect a good day at the markets (and most retailers feel the same). The sun might be shining, a cruise ship in and plenty of people about, but sometimes they stop, sometimes they don’t, sometimes they buy. Insights into humanity exist, and psychologists have provided a plethora of material on human behaviour. But the best way to attempt to understand people is to ask them why. Another piece of wisdom I have learnt from my first hand research is that you can have the odd bad experience, but, if you are interested in what they have to say, most of the time people want to talk.
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Stepping out and doing things, just to see how people will react.
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A few techniques to step into another’s shoes: * Formal/informal interview * Participant observation * Service safari * Deep hanging out * Storytelling * Roleplay * Object interaction * Shadowing * Just get in and amongst the people!
Ideas adapted from Stickdorn, M. and J. Schneider (2011). This is Service Design Thinking. Hoboken, New Jersey, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Research into Design Like the scientific approach, this is my traditional understanding and use of research- reading, writing and talking in order to learn. This knowledge is then applied to inform the design process. Up until 2012 this has been my approach to research. I now am more appreciative of other methods and also apply these to my projects. One aspect of research into design that I will not be leaving behind is interviewing experienced individuals. The photo on the following page is from 2008, when I interviewed Adam Ferrante, director of Rose Street Artist Markets. The interview was organic and I learnt a great deal more than I set out to. I’ve had similar success with student interviews and a recent discussion with Mindy Leow of Social Traders. I think it is a combination of low expectations, and fliexibility!
Frayling, C. (1993). Research in Art and Design, Royal College of Art.
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Stepping into environments as they are in order to observe they way they function. Asking questions, having a conversation.
Research through Design This is a technique that will be applied to my work with social enterprises. It of using design as a research tool. This includes materials research, development work, action research*. This is hands on research; undertaken by testing, prototyping, social experiments etc. I have always applied this concept, before I was even aware of Fraylings* theories. He does suggest that these are things that designers have done instinctively for a long time. The image on the following page is an example of active learning with a group of students. We took to the streets and caught ideas on our sidewalk spiderweb. It was a reactive experience, with each of us growing upon the others suggestions. It is this kind of discussion that really gets the creative blood flowing. It was a kind of ‘research through play’ that stimulated our thinking.
Frayling, C. (1993). Research in Art and Design, Royal College of Art.
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Design for Research ‘Where the thinking is, so to speak, embodied in the artefact.’* Where research is communicated by the final design. This is something my final project will relate to. Due to a relatively small amount of existing material on social enterprise and design, the outcome of my work will be research in itself, a reference for others to build on. What is it they say about standing on the shoulders of giants...?
Frayling, C. (1993). Research in Art and Design, Royal College of Art.
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Constructing quick mock ups of design ideas to more easily grasp how they would work in reality.
Learning with Your Hands
If I had more guts I would forget the rest of my research techniques and only use this one. Getting hands on is the quickest way to learn the ins and out of a product, service or system. It is propositional thinking in action. Using cardboard and straws to get a grasp of an idea. Make mistakes. Learn. Talk to lots of people, ask them to demonstrate their thoughts, what would they do to improve things? As they say, ‘Design is too important to be left to designers.’* Experiment, document, improve.
Ted Talk by CoDesign Studio CEO Lucinda Hartley, http://youtu.be/ LaD8W08EKyM
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Asking Jaipur foot patients to show and tell their relationship with their prosthetics, what they like, what problems they have.
Cultural Crossings Undertaking a research project in India was very different to working in Australia. The organisation we were working with were happy to allow us to wander around their campus, and talk to whomever we liked. I am certain that Australian businesses would be a little more controlling of what was seen and said. For example, a recent Australian interviewee only allowed me to record the conversation if it wasn’t going to be quoted. Another difference with research in India was that patients did not want to say anything bad about the organisation that had supplied their prosthetics (for free). They were grateful for the assistance and did not want to ‘bite the hand that feeds them’. Reports by William Beveridge suggest the opposite of western culture; that there exists a ‘society of welfare consumers’*, where support is expected and not revered. Research therefore must be flexible, it needs to be aware of different behaviours, whatever their cause. Research needs to be respectful, yet pushy in order to maximise impact.
* http://www.ted.com/talks/lang/en/tim_brown_urges_designers_to_ think_big.html
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Recording the way things are at the moment, looking for opportunities for improvement.
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Getting your hands dirty, letting your hair hang down.
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Enacting scenarios in order to understand the way they might work.