CONTENTS
artificial intelligence (as defined by AI) noun noun: AI The field of computer science dedicated to creating systems that can perform tasks that typically require human intelligence. These tasks include learning, reasoning, problemsolving, perception, and language understanding. AI aims to develop algorithms and technologies that enable machines to simulate human-like cognitive abilities, ultimately enhancing automation, decision-making, and problem-solving across various domains.
4-7
All About AI
- How it Works - The History of AI
8-11
To Think About - Daily life with AI - The Impacts
12-15
Poster Inclusion
16-19
The good and the Bad
- Celebrities and Holo Music Shows - AI Botting and Deepfakes
20-21
First-hand Experience - ChatGPT - Photoshop AI - Chat bots
22-25 A Reflection
- How the World is Changing - The Future of AI
TYPES TYPES OF OF AI AI
VISUAL
Uses several functions in order to recognise images and, in some cases, recreate them or expand upon existing works using it’s pre-existing knowledge of how the world looks.
TEXT-BASED
A type of AI that learns primarily through text, absorbing information from across the internet and literature and having the ability to recreate writings or write from scratch based off of a prompt.
INTERACTIVE
A type of AI that’s programmed to base it’s actions off of predetermined social rules and adapt to future social situations the more that it interacts with other beings and situations.
FUNCTIONAL Very similar to analytical AI, Functional AI is programmed to sort through large sets of data or systems and go through with whatever actions or procedures it’s been programmed to. It’s more so strictly progrmmed rather than adaptive.
ANALYTIC Very similar to Functional AI, Analytic AI can be used to take large sets of data and organise it or is used to recognise patterns. Analytic AI uses programming to find problems and inconsistencies in it’s allocated system.
Alongside the main categories of Artificial Intelligence, there’s also several established capabilities of AI, put into three tiers from ‘weakest’ to ‘strongest’ and most of which are highly theoretical at the current evolutionary stage.
ANI (Artificial Narrow Intelligence)
Artificial Narrow Intelligence is classified as the sort of technology and AI we can see in modern society. It can perform specific narrow tasks better than most humans, but it’s confined to those tasks and cannot evolve further than what it’s been programmed to.
AGI (Artificial General Intelligence)
Artificial General Intelligence goes beyond what ANI can achieve, having the abilities to reach conclusions and compelete tasks itself without requiring prior knowledge and programming. The capabilities of this tier of AI are still highly theoretical.
ASI (Artificial Super Intelligence)
Artificial Super Intelligence, again highly theoretical, is classified to be faster and much more powerful than humans are capible of. They’re thought to be able to think, make rational decisions, form opinions and produce emotions that surpass that that a human is able to do.
AI is present and impacts our everyday lives a lot more than most people anticipate, and as more and more years pass AI seeps it’s way into every corner of our lives, sometimes in unexpected ways and places. Fortunately and unfortunately this evolution comes with both upsides and downsides. When considering AI and how it works and fits into modern society, it’s imporant to consider the parts of it that could negatively or positively impact our society in the future.
The first and most obvious upsides to AI being more prominent in modern society and being implemented into human roles is that it eliminates the possibility of human error for specific tasks, such as sorting, counting or calculating, as it’s a set task that AI can be programmed to do, and AI can also be taught solutions when issues arise, whereas with humans taking on those roles there’s always a possiblity of mistakes. It’s just what makes us human, but the use of AI can be much more efficient. Continuing the subject of AI relating to work, repetitive tasks such as sorting items or data, or responding to common customer queries are also tasks that are better suited to AI for a number of reasons. Whether the fact that AI can work around the clock without a break, or the fact that they’re cheaper than human labour in the long run without having to be paid, or simply that their programming allows them to complete repetitive jobs instead of humans, allowing people to use their time more creatively with more complex jobs that are better suited. Using AI for tasks that are essentially ‘below’ human capabilities is more efficient in theory, and sometimes in practice as well, as AI is already beginning to be used for sorting in factories, or for some online customer service responses, though there are downsides even to putting AI in this position for these jobs, that are detrimental to their creators.
Putting AI in the place of a human for any sort of task or job can be detrimental to the placement of jobs, as jobs are always limited, and that means that humans can be left without job placements where AI has taken charge. Although this is preferable and more efficient, in the long run it leaves more problems than solutions. Alongside the loss of jobs for people, the implementation of AI can also, whilst overall be less expensive in terms of paychecks and running the AI, can end up costing much more after a few years when the machines inevitably require replacements and repairs. Implementing AI (physically or over the internet) can be costly of up to £20,000, and whilst initial pros of switching to AI may be worth the price, when they have to be maintained and replaced every few years the cost can start to outway the benefits of switching human work in favour of AI.
As part of some first-hand research into peoples views on artificial intelligence, and out of curiosity on the general consensus on the impacts of AI on society,a survey was put out, mainly aimed to younger people between the ages 16-18 asking their opinions on AI, specific types, if they’d ever used AI etc.
O P I N I O N S ON AI
The general responses to “Do you view text-based/visual AI as a positive or negative thing” was either positive or somewhere inbetween, most people reasoned that AI could help people to improve their prexisting work and make things more efficient, especially with spelling and grammar on the text-based side of things, that it can “help with spelling, rewording etc, it can help people out”. A few others also argued with the opinion that the way it learns off of others’ work means that the work produced is never really original, and that it “steals opportunities from actual hardworking artists”, and there were also people inbetween who said that both “depends on the situation”.
The reason that this survey was aimed at this demographic specifically is to determine the general consensus on how AI is viewed by the upcoming generations, the generations that will be most associated with AI, experiences are with AI, and what sort of future that they think AI holds with the current direction and advancements that are being made.
Respondents were also asked about what kind AI programs they’d used (if any), and ‘Chat GPT’ and ‘Character AI’ were the most common answers, with ChatGPT appearing in almost every answer. A few other programs were mentioned such as Adobes AI for photoshop and some spell-assisting AI’s. Alongside this they were also asked “Do you view AI for commercial use as a positive or negative thing?” and a lot of the responses came to the conclusion that AI wasn’t objectively bad when used for commercial use, but was better used to assist work instead of doing the work for you. A lot of other people did also say that it was objectively bad though as it “detracts from the value of art” and is “ethically wrong”.
Finally, people were asked for their opinions on the way that AI was headed and their thoughts as a whole, and everybody answered that they felt AI is only going to grow as time goes on, but “whether it’s a good thing or a bad thing it was always inevitable”, and so the general consensus on AI as a whole seemed to be that it can be good or bad, depending on how it’s used, but the presence of AI in modern society is undeniably growing larger and will continue to do so.
Overall this first-hand research was very important and interesting to conduct, as it gives us more insight into the opinions of young people on AI and how they think it will impact upcoming society. It would also be interesting to ask these same questions to people of the older generation, to examine the difference in opinion and outlook, as older people carry the privellege of having been around longer and experienced the birth of AI and how it has impacted the world in comparison to years ago.
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eepfakes are a very recent revelation when it comes to technology and AI, first appearing properly in the public eye around 2019, when deepfakes evolved from photo editing, to using visual AI learning technology to take a persons complexion and transfer it onto someone else’s body. There’s also more audio-based AI technology, born from text-tospeech, that learns from the sounds of someone’s voice and uses that information to recreate phrases and essentially say whatever the programmer wants it to say. Both of these types of deepfaking have evolved rapidly since 2019 and have become widely available to the public for use, and we have seen many, many horrible situations and issues arise from the public availability of deepfake technology, as it allows anybody to take on the looks and sounds of anybody else, especially celebrities and high-profile political figures, and so many people have taken this technology and used it to slander or spread misinformation about well-known figures with ease. A recent example prominent at the time of writing this is the spreading of fake pornographic material concerning Taylor Swift, that has ran rampant across twitter in the last 24 hours, and due to the ease of access to make this sort of fake material, it is still not all taken down, and more content is being uploaded by the hour. Aside from this one example though, issues with deepfakes surrounding not only celebrities and politicians, but schoolchildren as a form of bullying from their peers and people online is also growing alarmingly fast, and more so as the technologies become more advanced and easier to use, sometimes as easy as a face swap filter on Instagram or Snapchat.
Text-to-speech voice deepfakes are also very easily accessible to the public nowadays, and can deal just as much damage as visual deepfakes are. They can be used not only as a form of bullying or slander, but can get people into serious trouble and sometimes, if the victim is one of high-profile, it can result in them possibly losing their job or going to court. The affects that AI deepfakes are having on the world and on individuals is just growing more and more with the evolution and innovation of AI as a whole, and without laws put in place or restrictions surrounding the availability and use of AI deepfaking, the issues that arise with Artificial Intelligence could possibly outway the improvements.
Celebrities and Holo HOLOGRAPHI HOLOGRAPHI Music Shows On the flip-side of deepfake technology, there is a few ways in which it can be used for the greater good, and one of these methods is Holographic Music Shows. Holographic Music Shows have been around for a few years but have only breached public popularity in the recent few years with legacy shows of passed music artists. A very recent example of this is ABBA Voyage, a holographic show in honour of ABBA, which took place in a custom venue in London and used holographic technology to replicate an actual ABBA Concert.
The technology behind these kinds of shows are both very expensive and require, in some cases, deepfake technology through AI to replicate the mannerisms of the original artist. Since they can’t take clips from original performances as the lighting, resolution etc would be all over the place, it’s easier to make the performance from scratch, largely using AI in place of the artist in order to make a brand new never-before-seen performance to show.
IC CONCERTS CONCERTS IC The method that is used usually requires a stand-in, someone with an almost identical body type to stand in for the entire pre-recording of the performer, performing in front of a green screen and camera crew to get high quality editable footage for the performance. Then they go in, often with deepfake technology, to replicate the actual performers face on the stand-in’s body, and face track them for the whole performance to make it look like the artist performed an entire new set for the show even when they didn’t or weren’t able to. In terms of the actual projecting of the hologram, usually some sort of film is stretched taught across the stage and the performers image is shone brightly onto the film to create a standing 3D effect to make it look like the artist is actually stood there, and as the light moves across the film the artist holograph does as well. A similar look can be recreated with ones phone, some film and a cardboard box, as people often do it online with Vocaloid shows, which have existed a lot longer than these holographic legacy shows, and which also require a holographic stand-in for the performers. Overall the AI deepfaking technology that is used for holographic shows is more of a positive impact than a negative one, as holographic shows are often used as a way for people who never got to see their favourite artists live within their lifetime to be able to see a show resembling one they would’ve seen back in the artists’ prime, for a reasonable price and with other long-time fans. The way that deepfake technology is used in this environment and for this purpose boasts a much more positive outcome than when deepfake AI technology is put into public hands, and it allows for people to come together to enjoy something, and it enhances the technology for a much more positive outcome, rather than one that slanders and ruins people’s perceptions of AI.
PERSONAL
EXPERIENCE
I did some personal first-hand research into AI by looking into the three most common avenues of AI, I tried messing with ChatGPT, Character AI and Photoshop visual generative AI. Firstly with Character AI, I did some basic research and picked a random character to talk to. Previously I tried talking to ChatGPT and asking it some base questions like ‘How was your day’ but it wasn’t able to answer, and kept stating that it was an AI and unable to answer personal questions like that. So I asked Character AI the same questions, and it answered fairly generic, but answered nonetheless. I continued asking some average questions before moving onto more philosophical, as I wanted to test if it would consider itself an AI or sentient. It came to the conclusion that it wasn’t sentient and proceeded to ask more questions back about what it meant to be human and the meaning of life. I found our conversation a lot more engaging than I initially thought it would be, which shows how well the AI has learnt to fit in from previous conversations.
NextImovedproperlytoChatGPT,andasked some more generic questions, mainly about being able to write a few paragraphs in this magazine for me, or being able to write up some inspiration for me for this magazine. I asked it to write up some first-hand research, thinking that it would make something random up based roughly upon it’s knowledge off of the internet, but since it could only be made-up if it was first-hand research, it suggested that I provide some sort of prompt or give it details of primary research I had already conducted to correct and sort through. I found it interesting that it required a prompt and wouldn’t make up some sort of random primary research on AI, but sort of expected nonetheless, as it’s a sort of AI that provides information, and first-hand research isn’t something that can be provided from the internet. I also found it interestng that it couldn’t answer simple daily questions, but again since ChatGBT is an AI programmed to provide information exclusively and, unlike Character AI, not have conversations.
Did you know...
Lastly, I messed a little with Photoshops photo generative AI, where the AI is able to take a photo and extend the photo further with visual generative AI that bases it’s work off of the photo provided.
It’s estimated that around 80% of people who are actively online have interacted with a chatbot at least once, through a number of different sources, whether informative chatbots, social chatbots or customer service bots.
I put a few prompts into the text box and after a few word changes it came out with the photo seen on the left. I put in some AI-related prompts and it created it’s work visually similar to a lot of the images I’ve seen online, as expected most likely based upon those.
A
rtificial Intelligence is changing the world and improving the societal and economic landscape day by day, and in recent years it’s been used to assist solving many modern-day issues, even being trusted to help track and sort data from covid 19.
During the peak of the Covid 19 Pandemic, researchers and scientists, whom were spending weeks and months tracking data to try and spot some sort of common link or pattern to how it was contracted, how it spread etc, they used AI in a lot of cases to do so. Since AI is excellent at tracking data and spotting patterns just as required for this kind of task, it was largely used even by governments at the beginning of the pandemic to track the initial spread of the disease, keeping track of news reports in various countries through an expanse of languages, and later also used to determine the origin of the disease. When researchers were looking into a covid 19 vaccine, AI was also used to track patterns in who was most likely to contract the disease by taking a look at patient statistics and keep a track of what organs were affected the worst, and this helped researchers figure out what to focus on when making a vaccine to combat the disease.
This method of using AI essentially works well because of the way it takes on the laborous job of keeping and tracking data, and hands it over to a machine specifically and especially designed for that task. This makes the work a lot more efficient, and allows for researchers and scientists to focustheirtimemoreimportantly on finding a vaccine. AI is also being used largely as a way to detect natural disasters such as hurricanes, tsunamis and things of the sort, as another way of saving lives. Specialised AI systems use satillites, weather sensors and data gathered from previous natural disasters and patternspotting as a way to predict these disasters. This AI is then programmed to go through a specific procedure to alert local authorities and, in some cases, directly to residents phones to take quick action, and this programming can save lives.
A
s technology and AI advances in the modern society, the tasks and abilities of AI grow each day and help to improve the efficiency of repetitive and everyday tasks and make processing data and assisting with work through providing prompts and information. As technology is improved, and whilst it may assist humans to improve existing media and systems, it also becomes a lot more threatening and out of hand as laws rush to catch up with the development and publication of this technology. With the public having easy access to technology such as AI photo-generation, text-generation and photo-editing/ deepfaking, more laws are required to keep this sort of technology from doing more harm than good. With AI becoming increasingly more prominent in the public eye and the public having a lot more access to these kinds of tools, it›s becoming more and more apparent that laws are required to keep things in check. With examples of AI becoming swiftly out of control as laws are not yet properly implemented, such as defamation and slander through the use of deepfakes, mass AI botting of servers targeted by hackers and being easily accessible to the public, and many other examples as well.
Laws to prevent this sort of AI causing severe issues, both for individuals and society in general, are going to need to be focused on and put in place to catch up with how AI grows and matures. On the flip side of the future of advanced AI, things are looking a lot more promising as it continues to help improve systems and make everything run a lot more efficiently. AI is being used largely in companies this way, as a tool to assist with mundane tasks such as sorting or filing, and leaving more creative and advanced work for humans. Despite this, as AI evolves it’s going to become more advanced and other tasks will also be filled and performed more efficiently and AI may even begin to help advance itself, with production of machines and algorithms becoming faster and more complex, the speed at which AI advances will only grow faster and faster. The advanced tasks which AI can take on is being shown even in the current age, with AI taking on things such as customer service tasks and helping to advance vaccines for common and rarer illnesses, whilst only time can see what the future of AI really holds, glimpses of what is to come can still be seen with some advances in the modern age.
FU TU RE
Back Cover
Removable Poster Included
CREDITS: Written, Designed, Researched by Lucy Smith Front and Back Cover by Photoshop Generative AI Images from the Internet