Ai professori che ci hanno scelto, alle famiglie che ci hanno sostenuto e ai compagni di tesi, nonchè amici, con cui abbiamo condiviso questa esperienza.
CANDIDATI:
Francesco CAROTA
Giulia MARCHISIO
Ludovica MIRAVAL
A collaboration between: Tsinghua University - School of Architecture Politecnico di Torino - Dip. di Architettura e Design DAD
POLITECNICO DI TORINO - DIPARTIMENTO DI ARCHITETTURA E DESIGN Corsi di laurea Magistrale in: Anchitettura - Costruzione e CittĂ Architettura - Restauro
RELATORI:
Gustavo AMBROSINI Mauro BERTA
Michele BONINO Pierre-Alain CROSET Liu JIAN
Zhang LI
CONTENTS
8
introduction
10
evolution of the project
20 22
panjayuan market: analysis of the project CIRCULATION _ outdoor circulation car circulation bicycle and tricycle circulation pedestrian circulation _ indoor circulation car circulation ricycle circulation pedestrian circulation DENSITY _ relation between the neighborhoods and the new proposal _ strategy densify to create public space densify to mix function and people densify level to level TYPOLOGY _ market typologies hall
34
50
74
temporary market middle level shops high level shops CULTURE _ spontaneity _ sociability _ culture
84
deepening
86
THE SELLING TYPOLOGY
112
conclusion
114
bibliography
INTRODUCTION 8
Joint Studio Polito-Tsinghua 2014 edition. The Joint Studio is an academic partnership between two schools of Architecture: the Tsinghua University of Beijing and the Politecnico of Turin. It was initiated on 2008 and it is now in its fourth year. edition on the theme of the reuse of structures and systems created for 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. The Joint Studio has subsequently addressed the issue of urban regeneration to the presence of large
The focus of this year’s work has been the transformation of the Panjiayuan Antique Market, one of the largest and most famous antique and handicraft markets in China. Situated in Chaoyang District in a south-east area of Beijing, between the 2nd and the 3rd Ring Road, it occupies an area of 300,000 mq. Founded in 1992 the market has registered a continuous annual growth in both the number of visitors and consequently revenue, tourism has been a major catalyst in this increase. This increase has led to a demand for an extensive transformation of the site and its functions. The challenge of the 2014 Joint Studio has been to draw up a project for the market transformation: the outcome of the project should ensure functionality inside commercial
implantations, highlighting its improved architectural image. Vital to the success of the project is preservation of the distinctive atmosphere that is character of the site. The market is distinguished for its variety of people and goods that originate from all areas of the country, making this a unique place within the city landscape. In the marketplace the tradition and complexity of Chinese antique handicraft are well represented. Here trading activities coexist with cultural instances allowing both sellers and collectors to play an active role in market’s life. The Panjiayuan’s renovation and related themes gave the opportunity to approach issues that are fundamental in the architectural debate in China. Due its formidable economic growth, cities are changing with an unseen celerity and it is consequently now becoming day by day a privileged stage for contemporary architecture. A key element of the new market design is the challenge to combine contemporary issues with the preservation of its historical culture and social atmosphere. The instrumental purpose of the transformation of the area is to maintain the atmosphere of the place and not to be ruled by the material structure that does not have
activities need to be organised, creating an imposed circulation for
different functions involving people, goods and vehicles, while allowing space for spontaneous activity. The proposal is for a creation of a building on a enormous scale, that includes the functional, spatial and distributive complexity of a part of a city, something similar to a “megastructure”. In this way all the programs and a mixture of different functions are incorporated in a single container with space organised on a human scale. The goal of the project is to create a high density building that at the same time exploits the volumetric availability of the area and leaves public space around it to
The architecture of the building is to depict a modern outlook while using traditional attitudes, methods and design to recreate its spaces, structure, image and ethos. For this reason, the design of the building is composed through the use of market courtyards. Within these courtyards there will be an organised distribution of antique style houses. These will be of wooden structure, using construction methods of ancient temples while also displaying coloured tiles and facades similar to
Finally, the project meets requirements of a very complex program working on the organization of different selling typologies that characterised the market and their relation with the different use of space, perceived as void within the big structure. 9
EVOLUTION OF THE PROJECT 10
“Cities, as dreams, are made of desires and fears, even if the thread of their speech is secret, their rules are absurd, the perspectives are misleading, and everything covers up another one.� Italo Calvino,The invisible city, 1972
12
REVISION IN BEIJING
13
14
FIRST MIDDLE TERM REVIEW
15
16
SECOND MIDDLE TERM REVIEW
17
A N A LY S I S O F T H E P R O J E C T 20
“Space is a void, a pocket of air that This precision coincedes with an
over construction where space is at
Aires
Mateus
arquitectos,VOIDS,
C I R C U L AT I O N 22
periphery grows so that the facade The architecture of the indoor space and the outdoor space become two
of the project does not take into
point out the need to have different
antique market is to create an
Indeed, in our project the outdoor
time to preserve the atmosphere of
city and it is created starting from the
atmosphere is characterised by the on the interconnection between the market and the surrounding areas,
In the transformation of the area, the market activity has to be organised,
the
indoor
one,
organises
the
The entire market has been designed
, Junkspace. Per un ripensamento radicale dello spazio urbano, , 2006
23
24
25 view of the main entrance
26
On the south side the boundaries are
CIRCULATION
CONNECTION TO THE CITY
representative object, otherwise as a gate that shows the beginning of a
addition this transformation of the
Through the creation of the void and the use of terracing a number of A green area is created with the infrastructure of the wider urban a division can be created between recreate the architecture needs to Furthermore this new urban path that characterise the four sides of the
On the left:
site and situation scheme of the urban fabric
As shown in the image (Relation with the context), the west side of the area is constricted by the 3rd ring
the East - West direction and meets
according with the Chinese tradition
west part there is the access to the car park, so it is here where the main
need for strict organisation of space
27
28
The project considers the creation
transformations of the area, but in order to serve the underground The street creates a direct connection between the Panjiayuan Road and
connection between the market and
In view of this, the idea is to create a new point of access to the area, in the east part, on the underground
This space is separated from the high
On the left, above:
outdoor circulation in the area ground level plan - scale 1:2000
the organisation of the area of the This connection space thus becomes In contrast to this the west side of pedestrian movement on the ground
CIRCULATION
The new path gives the opportunity to make a sequence of access points On the left, below:
therefore situated on the ground The main entrance is maintained in
outdoor circulation in the area 1 lower ground level plan - scale 1:2000
This positioning ensures continued
easy
movement
of
one, according to the idea of keeping
transporting
Furthermore, the parking has direct access to the indoor space, very
29
30
the spaces are organised in this way: some are dedicated to the temporary A CITY IN THE CITY The system is characterised by
The idea of the urban structure has inspired the organisation of functions the way movement can occur within
On the opposite page, on the right:
articulation of the market spaces Each portion of the market is organised around courtyards and integrated by services as workshops, auction, street food, toilet, cleaning spaces and security.
pattern focused around the use of
This organisation is a starting point
The market develops as a vertical space, in fact in level underground to the third level is possible to range.
On the opposite page, on the left:
hall system ys organised around an empty space, the hall, that orientates people and works as an exposition area.
access four different kinds of market: on the west side there are the garden
urban variety, despite of the rigid
32
This space then becomes a point of by access to shops spaces and the On the left, above:
indoor circulation in the area ground level plan - scale 1:2000
division from the temporary market
At the same time, the market area
On the left, in the middle:
and merchandise throughout the
can be separated according to the
indoor circulation in the area 1 lower ground level plan - scale 1:2000
connection to the temporary market of spaces, where the movement of
On the left, below:
with the purpose to reach the third
indoor circulation in the area 2 lower ground level - scale 1:2000
33
DENSITY 34
2
Designing High-Density Cities: For Social and Environmental Sustainability,
35
36
37 view of the middle-level shops
3
38
3
Below: urban section - scale 1:2000
In: NG, Designing High-Density Cities For Social and Environmental Sustainability.
42
picture of the model
- scale 1:500
south side
43
picture of the model western side
44
- scale 1:500
unlike European cities, public space did not exist conceptually and materially in imperial China. Urban space was organised along cosmogony, feng shui and social hierarchy principles, resulting in a city where spaces were partitioned and fragmented, surrounded by walls. Collective spaces, rather than public spaces, were predominant; parks existed, but they were reserved for the social elite. Public life generally occurred in temples, markets and tea houses. Under Mao’s rule, public space was considered as a scene, where power could be displayed. Inspired by Soviet urbanism, large squares and avenues were built in most Chinese cities. Those were public spaces, but their political function was predominant 4
5
, Public space in Beijing,
, Nonluoghi. Introduzione a una antropologia della surmodernitĂ ,
45
picture of the model - west side
north
46
- scale 1:500
“The concept of the project seems to recover the importance of the market in the urban fabric as kneecap
To generate density, exploit proximity, provoke tension, maximize friction, organize in-betweens,
Centralizing it and placing it as pump
and stimulate blurring, the entire program is incorporated in a single container 7
to articulate, rehabilitate, create movements, and give quality to public space “It is noticed that the market places today cannot be seen as something static, mono and functional properties. The commercial dynamism is now a reality that markets should follow answering contemporary needs and facilitating urban strategies. The inescapable function of markets as social centers, places of exchange of ideas and culture. Apart from the belief that the changes in buying habits, the appearance of new and more competitive business graduates, the eruption of new technologies applied to commerce, the change in the use of free time, new forms of social relations. 6
, S, M, L, XL: Small, Medium, Large, Extra-Large,
47
zoom on the first floor underground
48
zoom on the ground floor
zoom on the first floor
zoom on the second floor
picture of the model north side
- scale 1:500
TYPOLOGY 50
The type of merchandising able to enhance the experience of the shopper or pedestrian must begin with the architecture. In order to address this issue, it is proposed to create a new model of development for mixed use. The experience of visitors starts on the open-air market outside and gradually evolves inside throughout the marketplace. Each part of the market is highly specialized and divided according to the character and price level of the merchandises sold. The indoor market spaces are arranged vertically: namely, the market, the middle level shops are high level ones are located on the
Following the strategy of planning a sort of big container, the entire market covers all the functional requirements by one big program, one building with stores in a mixeduse environment. The building is mainly divided into three sections: the open market space protected by a large board cover, the covered indoor marketplaces and the different types of shops.
This chapter will provide a better understanding of how the functions are expressed because the different selling typologies are organized into a vertical structure. Vertical marketplaces provide access to businesses vertically up and down every segment of a particular sector such as jewellery, paintings or furniture.
of functions, differences in module scattered all over the building. 51
52
53 view of the high-level shops
The section highlights that whereas the building appears to be a static, closed introverted block from the outside, it is actually a composition of solids and voids. Inside the large parallelepiped, a series of large holes and irregular geometrically arrhythmic free interior spaces creates four bands in the longitudinal direction of the lot. This establishes a visual relationship between the emptiness and the surrounding volumes which determine the actual emptiness. The grid maintained in section highlights how “empty” space is perceived with reference to its dimensional interrelations. The spaces of the market, the public passage and the lobby have a width of about 5 modules or 20 meters, modules being of triple and
Cross section - scale 1:2000
54
sometimes quadruple height. In contrast to that, the inside of shops dimensions: a plan size of 4x8 or 8x8 and a uniform height of 4 m, that is to say, the size of a module. Placing us in the scale of this system, at the perceptual level, we the associated spaces of subtraction as voids, especially taking into consideration their excessive length. This approach is derived from how the points of view affect the way we observe the size of space in everyday life. As you cross the market in the longitudinal direction, the section is constantly changing, but the spatial relationships are respected and therefore the perception remains
the same. In fact, its porosity is eventually perceived by the leap in scale. This effect of free space enclosed by volumes is further enhanced by the light which always enters the “empty” spaces to just indirectly sift through to the volumes from there. The section reveals that each kind of sale has its own “empty” space which it overlooks. The different market typologies are part of a system which becomes obvious in both the vertical and the horizontal sections along which the type of product sold distinguishes between different courtyards. The space devoted to the types of temporary market is enclosed and covered, but at the level of perception it looks almost like an open space surrounded by volumes.
Market spaces are divided into covered and enclosed courtyards, elements of traditional Chinese architecture. In some ways, however, the longitudinal shape of the system space reserved for light input somewhat resemble the light well typology concept very commonly used in southern China.8 located in the areas overlapping the temporary market. Despite this, the high-level shops are distributed such that their overshooting area never has any visual correspondence with the market underneath. The views of middle-level and high-level shops are diametrically opposed, the former facing the space of the market, the latter facing the exhibition hall. This strategy of division was also set
by the program which, among other factors, established different opening times for each typology. In no part of the market, “empty� spaces, i.e. temporary / lobby spaces, are ever divided by a simple wall but always by another environment, a shop, a restaurant or another function. For this reason, one may refer to an architecture in which spaces are between built environments of different nature. They are breaks where space is structured, involved, divided, and it is in these cavities that life unfolds relationships and pathways are pronounced. Looking at the section and starting from the basement, you will see one of the entrances to the market which,
from the public space through the performance. On such space, there are some places of reception and access to various facilities such as workshops, auction hall, restaurants. A system of escalators within the hall provides direct access to the ground-
marketplace. The outdoor space, as shown the section below, takes the role of a street. Thus, the main category of shops sells street food and serves the function of keeping the space active and alive even at night.
8. Perlini G., vI giardini cinesi dei letterati di Suzhou, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, 2013
55
3.1 MARKET TYPOLOGIES
3.1.1 HALL The main entrance of the building leads to a large triple-height open space. Proposing a large enclosed hall answers the need for a new central space, but also as an exhibition area. The huge space dedicated to this exhibition hall, shooting equipment and facility requirements occupies an area of about 10,000 square meters. The central hall on the ground level covers around one third of the entire
Cross section - scale 1:2000
56
surface of the building. It is arranged around a central space which connects the market place on the west side and the parking lot on the east side. On each level, the arrangement of the entire hall has been designed both to show the visitors the antique market and to encourage circulation through the space. The hall connects the passages on lifts and escalators that recall the diagonal distribution typical of the megastructure. Each level should be visible and temporary collections Panjiayuan market.
of
the
The exhibition hall should be used not only as a space of distribution and orientation but also as a space of economic and social exchange.
points, deposits, and some cafes or restaurants.
These paths in section would then become main interactive spaces, providing views onto different levels. Some functions required are located on the underground level where there is a large plaza overlooked by a huge auditorium and some auction halls. These facilities make the hall a meeting point, a place for entertainment, and often the stage
which provide the traditional glazed shop fronts for merchandising.
interaction.
directly to the temporary market and is furnished with information
Indeed, wrapping the hall space
The building would be a porous structure that would soak up light through a series of skylights that would cut into the roof so that light breaks would bring natural light down. The design for the hall incorporates several elements to promote natural penetration of light not only from the skylights but also from the tripleheight windows that characterise the main entrances.
57
Above:
view
58
3.1.2 FLEA MARKET Starting from the underground level, the open air market is located on the western part of the project area and provides a direct link to the subway access. market is also visibly and physically connected with Panjiayuan Road. The proposal attempts to turn this simple passage into an open but covered market which will be a “nodal� point along the route to the building itself and the new east gate, creating a place with a positive impact on the city. In urban terms, it is a square and actually works as a meeting point (or passage) for people walking from vice versa. The dynamic passage between the two levels is designed as an organic entity: the interrelation between the square and its context is the large void by sloping terraces that will create places to relax at. To provide the current semi-covered traders who prefer to sell or barter merchandise like on a street market. But, unlike the market that exists today, it will be covered to visually extend the building. strong character but only represented an appropriation of space for the development of merchandising. Through the construction of a cover, the project instead seeks to create an identity from the space itself. On the one hand, the large coverage
is merely functional and, on the other hand, it assumes an iconic character represented by the giant columns and by the pronounced wooden structure that they support. During opening hours, this kind of outdoor yet covered space is embodied in a conglomerate of stands which serve as venues for the exchange of goods and services. This trading place represents the most traditional typology of street selling. A great variety of antique objects and unique products from jewellery, old books, vintage photographs or porcelain vases to Tibetan trunks and bronze door knobs. Here the purchaser, particularly antiquarians, must bargain with the seller. Along the border of the underground plaza there is a row of shops characterised by the presence of several commercial activities. To respond to the needs of local people and the client, the project provides for some services which link outdoor and indoor areas. In fact, penetrating within, a public food street erodes the building and creates a passageway to the building. Here some cafes, bars, street food shops run from west to east, leading to the core of the building. The passage from a public space gradually proceeds through a series of spaces mainly spread around the hall, until reaching the permanent market. Behind the restaurants, some deposit, public bathrooms, workshops are located. 59
60
61
Above:
view
62
3.1.3 TEMPORARY MARKET The diagram illustrates the horizontal partitioning in the typology of selling, the focal point of distribution starting out from the main hall. In fact there are four main areas which are characterised by the typology of selling. They maintain the same structure on each level up to the high-level shops. Every market space is in courtyards, which work as an independent system. Inside the building, all the functions are organised as a little part of the city.
the market creates an environment similar to large squares, leaving unchanged the primary sense of space as conceived in the classical square-market but structuring and protecting it with a cover. In general, all areas of the temporary market evoke the shape of an agora. As a modern adaptation of the agora, the space is more enclosed here but reminiscent of the ancient organisation. Indeed it is embodied in the actual rows of stalls which occupy the large central space, providing a maximum exposure for merchandising, as well as convenience to shoppers. In this free space and not bound by
The temporary market spreads into two different levels. experience.9 calligraphy stalls occupy the northwestern side of the entire building, while the book market is located on the south-west.
produces a square-like arrangement located on the north-eastern side, enclosed space. It is a large open space that, thanks to diffused light coming from the skylights, provides a quiet place to rest. The courtyard is home to the extensive collection of Chinese monumental statuary, like Buddha, lion, elephant, dragon statues. On the same level, the south-eastern part hosts the precious furniture mall. From a typological point of view,
Instead, a compact row of individual shops creates a sort of loggia marketplace on each side and separates it from the hall space. Whereas the rationale organises the commercial activity in similar ways in all cases, the change is in the shape of the stalls, which follows the dimension of the objects that have to be exhibited. It is precisely the market square as the place that gives access to middle-level shops are located.
9. Soundy M. A., The Public Market as a Vehicle for Urban Revitalization: A New Building for Central Market, Guatemala City, p.9
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65
Above:
view
66
shoppers to move from one place to the next. As opposed to that, the elevator moves past the hall down to the second basement level where the storages are located. Like the temporary market before, this typology has no strict relation to the hall or the outside. The corridors are organised to create continuity with the permanent market arrangement around shops consequently the central spread relation between the is obtained by the space.
courtyards, all face towards market. This two typologies double-height
The proportions and details of the smaller shop derived from the traditional shops found in the present 3.1.4 MIDDLE-LEVEL SHOPS Looking at the cross section below, it is important to notice how the temporary market space is related to the middle level shops. It has been designed as a sequence of courtyards and alleys with integrated balconies. In fact, the stores face towards a space that is shaped like a balcony. The dimension of this place is thought to follow the model of the existing market. The several paths here recreated work as exposition space as well. The same goods as on the inner
the basic shop module, but this dimension could change according to the function that the room must host. Restaurants or workshops, for instance, as well as both auction halls are therefore composed of 4 or 6 modules, while restrooms or cleaning storages occupy just 1 or 2 modules. Every shop has its own entrance which divides the storefront into three vertical partitions like the traditional Chinese stores. In Panjiayuan, the most common pattern of local stores puts the shop windows on the outer partitions and the entrance in the middle. 67
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69
Above:
view
70
3.1.5 HIGH-LEVEL SHOPS To guarantee the extended sales area required by the program, the permanent market continues onto the last level, thereby creating a considerable number of high-level shops. The transition from the retail area
size. To respond to the economic pressures of changing retail trends, it is important to take into account the scaling factor. If on the previous marketplace, the smaller shops respond to the scale of the smaller commercial buildings, the high-level shops require wider modules in order to valuate current changes in consumer needs. The cross section below illustrates how the high-level shops have a visible connection with the exhibition hall. In this typology, the modules are arranged as clusters which, in contrast to the middle-level shops, do not have a direct view on the marketplace but on the lobby. Avoiding the generic feel of the universal shopping mall, the approach used to design this part is to convey an alternative way of distribution. Instead of a rectilinear circulation, the intention is to create a dynamic succession of walkways and various spaces. To organize everything in one space with an autonomous distributive system of corridors that competes with the public streets, a large
central atrium has been created to contain the escalators and walkways and designed such that its route down the center of the building is somewhat kinked. other activities and to evolve a more pedestrian-friendly atmosphere. The entire level unites shops selling high and luxury goods with individual courtyards and alleys as well as local food and craft-based trades. The show window in which merchandise is displayed is the primary link between the merchant and the potential customer. It can also be the vehicle that serves to shape the experience of the pedestrian.10 The sequence of shop windows along small displays of elegant goods. Taking into account international visitors interested in the sculptures and precious objects sold on the market plus the line-up of luxury shops, this is the perfect area predisposed to house the auction rooms intended to satisfy the expectations of potential buyers. requirements, the high-level auction halls and their less than 150 seats are of a more intimate size and are set close to the exhibition hall. directly through the skylights placed above the corridors or indirectly through the facades the lobby is in contact with. 10. Bradford R. Houston, B.A., M.Phil The marketplace as vehicle for a social and economic revitalization: a new market hall for Lagrange, Georgia, University of Notre Dame, Indiana, 2006
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C U LT U R E 74
The antique market of Panjiayuan market in 1980, and in ten years it has turned in a strengthened and famous area.
The matter here is not the historic value of the architecture but the atmosphere, it is not the materials but the colors, and it is not the people moving on it. So this became
This is a market with some places where is possible to buy, some places for eating and some places for having fun; a place where you someone who looks for purple jewelers, green precious stones and yellow papers. It is a melting pot of different colors, different people, and different activities: these are the characters that make Panjiayuan a unique location in China. That market is a place of contrast and cohesion, a unique place where the tourists interact with the locals, where men, women, young people and old ones stay in the same area. Here is the place where tradition meets modernity, antiques meet the innovation and where the antique culture of China is preserved and sponsored. These elements that we have tried to summarize in the concept of spontaneity, sociability and design are those which make the atmosphere of Panjiayuan, a peculiar place in China. Regarding the transformation of the be supposed, is thinking about what it could be maintained of the old structure.
According to Article 9 of the ‘Paper of Venice’(Congresso Internazionale Degli Architetti e Tecnici Dei Monumenti, 1964) “The restoration is a process that must maintain an exceptional character. Its purpose is to preserve and show the aesthetic and historical values of the monument and it is based on the respect for original materials and authentic documents” 11. The conservation of the market can be a challenge to its status as “heritage”. Culture is the goal of conservation. This building of “not because the function, the “non iconic”. It is the anonymous buildings spread all over the area which make the atmosphere so alive. Here it took place our critical choice to face the intervention not in terms of historic value. Otherwise, the atmosphere is what impressed in Panjiayuan market, what we tried to elaborate and preserve in this intervention, through spontaneity, culture and sociability.
11. Caccia S., Restoration in a few words: methodology and techniques, Hua Zhong University of Science & Tecnology Press, 2013
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77
4.1 SPONTANEITY
noises and its people, markets are an ancient typology which coincides with the rise of cities. In this regard, Italo Calvino reminds us, a splendid tales of “Le cittá invisibili” as the relationship between the buyer and seller in the bazaar of the Empire of the Great Khan, despite being a simple activity of exchange of goods, raised a series of inner restlessness, requesting ideas, sensations and emotions.12 Focusing on the needs of the people, taking into account that sellers and visitors have a common vision about old market has the purpose to make the market space more comfortable, providing it with more services, making it safer and transforming it in an air - conditioned and covered space. This new organization of the space and the control of architecture risks provoking the loss of several spontaneous activities that characterized the old market place. 78
Indeed, the new structure is distinguished by spaces outdoor and indoor, perceived as empty, in order to be a building and a system, similar to a part of a city, at the same time. The idea of the big frame is that it can receive a heterogeneous proliferation of events in an only container. So a strategy to organize their independence and their interdependency has been developed inside a bigger entity, in a symbiosis that exasperates the peculiarity instead of compromising it.13 As a consequence, the hierarchy of free spaces, related to the typology of the market, becomes more built and organized moving to the highest
The big container permits to have free empty outdoor space in the most spontaneous activity, but also to generate inside the structure covered and heated empty spaces, for the integration of the spread market and other activities that the market can activate. The division of the space related to different kind of market follows a hierarchy of spontaneity and usage of different sellers and people. 12. Calvino I., Le città invisibili, Oscar Mondadori, Milano, 2011 13. Koolhaas R., Junkspace. Per un ripensamento radicale dello spazio urbano, a cura di G. Mastrigli, Quodlibet, Macerata, 2006
4.2 SOCIABILITY
other; people that have different needs and that are looking for melted in the same place.
Throughout history, places of commerce always showed moments of encounter and exchange, gaming a complex and dynamic process. In addition to goods here it is important the net of people, knowledge, values, ideas, tastes and techniques. So the idea is to create a place of trade, able to transmit culture and to act as communication space. This is a place where it is possible to mingle and express different social and cultural sensitivities. As a consequence, the preservation of the sense of sociability and cultural mix, that this space aroused, was a very clear issue since the beginning of the design of the market area. The project is aware of this problem, scattering different functions, various architectural elements and showing different ways to use the spaces in a big container that holds these things closer to themselves. The structure of the complex is the same everywhere, while the architecture inside could be differentiated, could include everything, could attract everyone. Within the building every need can be incorporated, everything could be everywhere, but very close each
Observing and implementing the connection between human wellbeing and the built environment inside the frame, the division of selling ranks that in some way coincides with a social class division is connected with a vertical approach. In these way high level shops, middle level shops and spread market are in the same point, divided horizontal, as imposed by the program, but connected one to the other from the of social mixing. A division as the large ships of the past is vividly ingrained on our imaginations. Upstairs: the luxury, the opulence. Below deck: migrants, waiters, the toil and trouble of a committed crew. The ship is a poignant metaphor, but, consciously planed and designed, a vertical social space within physical space it is the solution to optimize human interactions and maintain intended social frameworks. In addition this kind of system allows, at the same time, to cover and protect the poorest part of the market thanks to the construction of the richest one. In other words, the spread market place does not need an extra covering framework because it is just made of the indispensable structure of the high level shops. 79
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4.3 WHAT SHOULD THE IMAGE OF THE MARKET BE?
On the left, above: west facade - scale 1:1000
On the left, in the middle: east facade - scale 1:1000
Below: north facade - scale 1:1000
Preserving tradition is not to lose identity, although creating sense architecture. Discovering a place where something of the antique China is kept in life, where the time seams to go slowly is a common feeling for people visiting Panjiayuan. At the same time, it is a common feeling for people who sell in Panjiayuan, to be conscious of their role, their mission to hand down this culture. The idea is that the architecture of the new market has to interpret, in a modern key; elements took from
the tradition to create its spaces, its structure and its image. In this way, the project of the building is composed through market courtyards, as the distributive organization of the antique houses, a wooden structure, gathered by the construction method of the ancient temples and a colored and tiled faรงade, similar to the glittered, building of China. This iconic system has the role to express, immediately, the function of the big building from the outside. Finally, the imagery created has a double face, on the one hand the building wants to be high, big and above, as the expectations of a part of the Chinese society, on the other hand it wants to be characterized as Chinese, traditional and accessible to all.
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83
deepening 84
the selling typology
“ What shall we use Where we used to talk?
” Empty Spaces 1979 85
3.1 COMpARiSOn BeTWeen MiddLe LeVeL SHOpS And HigH LeVeL SHOpS
“a megastructure is a combination of a lot of parts job on a large scale”.14
sides.
14. Hars A.
2014
86
KEY PLAN
KEY PLAN
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
3.2 THe pUBLiC SpACe
94
KEY PLAN
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
3.2 THe HALL
102
KEY PLAN
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
COnCLUSiOn 112
113
BiBLiOgRApHY
Public space in Beijing
SiTOgRApHY
BiBLiOgRApHY 114
115