Bachelor of Architecture Undergraduate Thesis 2013/2014 California Polytechnic University, San Luis Obispo Advisor: Sandy Stannard
Bachelor of Architecture Undergraduate Thesis 2013/2014 California Polytechnic University, San Luis Obispo Advisor: Sandy Stannard
Living Architecture - Harmonious Flux in Time and Space Design thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for degree of Bachelors of Architecture. California Polytechnic University, San Luis Obispo At the time of publishing, all content not created by the author is believed to be either in public domain or used appropriately according to standards of fair-use and attribution. Innacuracies may be directed to the attention of the author and will be corrected in sub-consequent editions. 2013, Luis Arturo Moreno, Some rights reserved lmoreno127@outlook.com
Acknowledgment:
Useless to attempt and generate a collection of words that express my gratitude, love, and appreciation to all of those who not only made this book but ultimately a degree a possibility. First and foremost this book is dedicated to my parents, Angeles and Luis; they are the backbone of all that I am and that which I will continue to strive to become. I have been blessed with an unrealistic family whose love and support has been given unconditionally and consequentially, has empowered me to become better than I was the day before. To my siblings, Dafne, Carlos, Brian, Karen and Maya whom I do my uttermost effort to be an example so that they continue to reach for their potential. For my aunt and uncle, Vicky and Alejandro; my second parents whom I love and trust so dearly.
CONTENTS
1 2 3 4 5
INTRODUCTION
PRECEDENT
SITE ANALYSIS
DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
RESOLUTION
1.0 Introduction P. 9-10 1.1 Problem P. 11-12 1.2 Project Description P. 13-16 1.3 Method P. 17-18
9-18
2.0 California Academy P. 21-22 2.1 Monterey Bay Aquarium P. 23-24 2.2 Dallas World Aquarium P. 25-26 2.3 Institute du Monde Arabe P. 27-28 2.7 Genetic Generation Seat P. 29-30 2.8 Eden Project P. 31-32
21-30
3.0 Site P. 33-34 3.1 Site Context P. 35-36 3.3 Climate P. 48-49 3.6 Flora P. 54-55 3.7 Fauna P. 56-57 3.8 Code P. 58-59
42-59
4.0 Site Layout P. 62-63 4.1 Building Layout P. 64-65 4.2 Program P. 66-67 4.5 Design Strategies P. 72-73 4.6 Material Exploration P. 74-75
62-75
5.0 Site Plan P. 78-79 5.1 Floor Plan P. 80-81 5.2 Diagrams P. 82-83 5.3 Sections P. 84-85 5.4 Renders P. 86-87 5.5 Site Model P. 88- 89 5.6 Building Model P. 90- 91 5.7 Final Show P. 92- 93 5.8 Conclusion P. 94- 95 5.9 Bibliography P. 96-97
78-97
1
[
“Humans have a tendency to fall prey to the illusion that their economy is at the very center of the universe, forgetting that the biosphere is what ultimately sustains all systems, both man-made and natural. In this sense, ‘environmental issues’ are not about saving the planet it will always survive and evolve with new combinations of atom(sic) -but about the prosperous development of our own species.”
]
- Carl Folke
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
1.0
Inevitable to argue against the detrimental impacts the human race has brought upon planet Earth. In comparison to any other species to have roamed on Earth and within a brief existence frame, humans have caused the most drastic change experience by our planet. As Homosapians evolved past survival needs and underwent evolutionary eras, primarily the industrial, the misconception increasingly led us to believe nature was no longer something to be feared and respected furthermore objectified her as something to be tamed and contained. Most of the erroneous perceptions, actions, and practices towards the natural environment derive from the disconnected relationship this mindset has evolved into.
This same mindset which humans have so comfortably held to which is causing our the various hazards which now not only threaten our environment but our own existence. Climate change is arguably the most far-reaching, unprecedented environmental challenge of our time and has been recognized by the United Nations, the national science academies of all major industrial nations, a majority of the world’s governments, and the mainstream public (pg 13, Mazzoleni). Although long-term effects of rapid climate change are still not clear, the media is constantly depicting various damaging effects of heat waves, fires, flooding, drought, perennial melting glaciers, rising sea levels, and overall catastrophic weather events which are altering ecosystems, increasing biodiversity loss, and generating political, economic, and health instability.
p 9-10
PROBLEM
1.1
All life on Earth faces a crisis of historical and planetary proportions. Unsustainable consumption in many western countries and crushing poverty in the tropics are destroying wild nature. Extinction is the gravest aspect of the biodiversity crisis: it is irreversible. Despite the fact that extinction is a natural process, human impacts have elevated the rate of extinction by at least a thousand, possibly several thousand times the natural rate. Mass extinctions of this magnitude have only occurred five times in the history of our planet; the last brought the end of the dinosaur age. Biodiversity is besieged. British ecologist Norman Myers defined the biodiversity hotspot concept in 1988 to address the dilemma that conservationists face: what areas are the most immediately important for conserving biodiversity?
The biodiversity hotspots hold especially high numbers of endemic species, yet their combined area of remaining habitat covers only 2.3 percent of the Earth’s land surface. Each hotspot faces extreme threats and has already lost at least 70 percent of its original natural vegetation. Over 50 percent of the world’s plant species and 42 percent of all terrestrial vertebrate species are endemic to the 34 biodiversity hotspots.
p 11-12
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
1.2
Over millions of years, geology and climate have shaped California’s unique habitats and produced a rich mosaic of life. Many plants and animals here are found nowhere else, making California one of the most biologically diverse places in the world. Designated a hotspot in 1996, California shares this distinction with 33 other places in the world. Most of the state of California lies within a biodiversity hotspot called the California Floristic Province.
p 13-14
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
1.2
As the most populated and fastest growing state, California will continue to be challenged to protect its unique biodiversity. Of nearly 3,500 species of plants in the California hotspot, more than 61% are endemics. At least 75% of the original California habitat has already been lost and the remaining is threatened. Over the last several decades, however, California has dedicated more effort than any other state to protecting its precious habitat and species that remain. Even with those efforts, only 23% of pristine biodiverse land remains. The Southern California Conservatory for Threatened Biodiversity is designated to conduct natural science research to discover, document, and share biodiversity native to The California Floristic Province; both locally and globally.
p 15-16
METHOD
1.3
Design should encompass complex geometry, parametric and other ethnic design while moving the process beyond a more formal observation of natural forms and patterns. The goal of this process is the development of meaningful, flexible and adaptable relationships between systems from which architecture and its process can emerge. Performance based design is necessary in order to lessen our ecological footprint. Innovators are focusing on perform in a design techniques used to optimize life-cycle building performance in an integrated, holistic manner. Integrated system designed coordinates complex systems intended to maximize building functionality while providing first human comfort. The integration of advance building systems combined sustainable design practices is our best way forward in this regard the formative.
PROGRAM DESCRIPTION
p 17-18
PROBLEM
1.3
METHOD
p 17-18
2
[
“A building should be designed so as to minimize the use of new resources and, at the end of its life, to form the resources of other architecture.�
]
- Robert & Brenda Vale
PRECEDENT
CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES San Francisco, California
2.1
The California Academy of Sciences is a multifaceted scientific institution committed to leadingedge research, educational outreach, and to find new and innovative ways to engage and inspire the public. The Academy’s mission is to explore, explain, and sustain life extends to all corners of the institution. The facility is home to the Academy’s staff of world-class scientists, an education department that provides a wide range of student and teacher services, and an extensive science library with over 28 million specimen artifacts.
p 21-22
MONTEREY BAY AQUARIUM Monterey, California
2.2
With an annual attendance of 1.8 million visitors, the world-acclaimed Monterey Bay Aquarium holds thousands of plants and animals; representing more than 600 species on display. The aquarium benefits from a high circulation of fresh ocean water which is obtained through pipes that pump it in continuously from Monterey Bay. This design makes the aquarium ecologically essentially part of the ocean in the Bay. The mission of the nonprofit Monterey Bay Aquarium is to inspire conservation of the oceans.
p 23-24
DALLAS WORLD AQUARIUM Dallas, Texas
2.3
Photograph by Thomas Marques
An adaptive reuse project, the Dallas World Aquarium restored two old warehouse near the Historic West End District in Downtown Dallas to educate the public of our fragile ecosystems and biodiversity. DWA has a long standing and strong commitment to the conservation of the Earth’s natural habitats. It is their mission to create an appreciation and understanding of our interdependence on the Earth and its fragile ecosystems. The Dallas World Aquarium is committed to in site conservation efforts within local and international communities.
p 25-26
INSTITUTE du MONDE ARABE Paris, France
2.4
The Institut du Monde Arabe was constructed from 1981 to 1987 and has floor space of 181,850 square feet. Visible behind the glass wall, a metallic screen unfolds with moving geometric motifs. The motifs are actually 240 photo-sensitive motor-controlled apertures, which act as a sophisticated brise solei that automatically opens and closes to control the amount of light and heat entering the building from the sun. The mechanism creates interior spaces with filtered light, an effect often used in Islamic architecture with its climate-oriented strategies. The innovative use of technology and success of the building’s design catapulted Nouvel to fame and is one of the cultural reference points of Paris.
p 27-28
GENETIC GENERATION SEAT Prototype Design
2.5
Producing the first full-scale synthetic biological chair entitled; Genetic Generation Seat or Gen2Seat. At IGEM (International Genetically Engineered Machines) competition, Terreform genetically engineered the naturally occurring bacterium Acetobacter xylinum. This bacterium secretes copious amounts of cellulose, which can then be harvested and used directly as a building material. Applying the tools of synthetic biology, alongside other biological disciplines, such as microbiology and tissue engineering, allows the creation of products more organically, with minimal waste and energy expenditure.
p 29-30
BIO PHOTOVOLTAIC PANELS (Energy From Bacteria in Soil)
All Images courtesy of Apostolos
2.5 The bio-photovoltaic panel consists of a battery in which energy is harvested from bacteria inside the soil to release electrons. installed at the valldaura campus of the institute for advanced architecture of catalonia, the system has sensors that display its status, as well as make it self sufficient. the bacteria is fed through by-products from the photosynthesis of plants, and by introducing an anode and cathode (battery) into the soil, the free electrons can be extracted and put into the circuit. Bacteria living in the soil takes these plant nutrients and metabolizes them, releasing hydrogen protons and electrons – the introduction of a microbial fuel cell, anode and cathode means a redox process occurs, transferring the free electons in the soil from anode to cathode. by connecting a circuit with a capacitor or step-down converter into the fuel cell, it is possible to use this source of flow to power appliances or any other electrical device
based on the results of the experiment, the following relationships where found: 1. 100% saturated soil produces the best results since the water in the medium promotes electrolysis within the soil. 2. the closer the anode and cathode are placed the more efficient the electron transfer is. 3. the relationship between the soil volume and the cathode’s area does not grow as volume grows. 4. a triangle container is more efficient. 5. the coil cathode maximizes the surface for the bacteria to gather around, hence it is the most efficient electron collector. 6. all soil types yield similar results, hence have similar bacteria count
p 29-30
BIO PRECEDENTS
Habitat and Climate HABITAT AND CLIMATE
CEDROS ISLAND
Phrynosoma Cerroens
CEDROS ISLAND ISLANDHORNED HORNEDLIZARD LIZARD CEDROS Phrynosoma Cerroense Phrynosoma Cerroense
2.5
Lizards are ecotherms, meaning they use their environment to regulate their body temperature. Temperature regulation is reached through a combination of their skin characteristics and behavior. Lizards obtain or dissipate heat BETWEEN from the environment through their behaviors. A lizard will adjust their INTERFACE body SKIN AND EXTERNAL W position to be perpendicular to the sunlight for heat absorption or parallel to sunlight while curling up its toes to avoid heat gain by minimizing the area ADAPTIVEthe EVOLUTION of body touching ground. Not only is the horned lizards skin used for camouflage but also the dark pigments on its back help absorb heat while Lizards are ecotherms, meaning they use their environment to it’s light color abdomen helps reflect heat from the ground.isThe Cedros regulate their body temperature. Temperature regulation Island Horned Lizard cana combination also expandof and contract it’s bodyandto protect reached through their skin characteristics behavior. Lizards obtain dissapate heat fromfor theheat environment himself against predators and or gain surface area gain.
INTERFACE BETWEEN SKIN AND EXTERNAL WORLD
through their behaviors. A lizard will adjust their body position to be perpendicular to the sunlight for heat absorption or parallel to sunlight while curling up its toes to avoid heatgain by minimizing the area of body touching the ground. Not only is the horned liza ards skin used for camouuage but also the dark pigments on its back help absorb heat while it’s light color abdomen helps reeect heat from the ground. The Cedros Island Horned Lizard can also expand and contract it’s body to protect himself against preda-
DESIGN STRATEGIES
ADAPTIVE EVOLUTION
nd Lizards are ecotherms, meaning they use their environment to INTERFACE BETWEEN ent regulate their body temperature. Temperature regulation is Design Strategies Interrelationship Between reached through a combination of their skin characteristics and SKIN AND EXTERNAL WORLD DESIGN STRATEGIES n to Skin and External Environment behavior. Lizards obtain or dissapate heat from the environment el to DESIGN STRATEGIES through their behaviors. A lizard will adjust their body position to be perpendicular to the sunlight for heat absorption or parallel to zing sunlight while curling up its toes to avoid heatgain by minimizing lizVOLUTION the area a of body touching the ground. Not only is the horned lizts ards skin used for camouuage but also the dark pigments on its back help absorb heat while light color abdomen eect cotherms, meaning they use theirit’senvironment tohelps reeect heat from the ground. The Cedros Island Horned Lizard can also rsobody temperature. regulation is against predaexpand andTemperature contract it’s body to protect himself tors and gain surfaceskin area for heat gain. a- a combination ugh of their characteristics and ards obtain or dissapate heat from the environment INTERRELATIONSHIP BETWEEN Physiological, Behavioral Interrelationship Between DESIGN STRATEGIES r behaviors.and A lizard will adjust their body position to PHYSIOLOGICAL, BEHAVIORAL SKINand AND INTERNAL SYSTEM Anatomical Elements Skin Internal System ANATOMICAL ELEMENTS cular to theAND sunlight for heat absorption or parallel to INTERRELATIONSHIP BETWEEN e curling upSKIN its toes to avoid heatgain by minimizing AND INTERNAL SYSTEM ody touching the ground. Not only is the horned lizd for camouuage but also the dark pigments on its sorb heat while it’s light color abdomen helps reeect e ground. The Cedros Island Horned Lizard can also contract it’s body to protect himself against predasurface area for heat gain.
AL, BEHAVIORAL MICAL ELEMENTS
INTERRELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SKIN AND INTERNAL SYSTEM
p 29-30
BIO PRECEDENT
Habitat and Climate HABITAT AND CLIMATE
LETTUCE SEA Elysia Crispata
LETTUCE SEA SLUG Lettuce Sea Slug Elysia Crispata Elysia Crispata
2.5
The Lettuce Sea Slug can be either heterotrophic or autotrophic throughout their lifespan. As juveniles, food is consumed and digested quickly, with little chloroplast retention. Upon reaching maturity, kleptoplasty becomes an important energy source. Also known as chloroplast symbiosis, kleptoplastyINTERFACE BETWEE SKIN AND EXTERNA is the energy-providing mechanism that gives E. crispata (lettuce sea slug) the nickname “solar-powered sea slug”. E. crispata consumes a diversity of algal EVOLUTION species beingADAPTIVE suitable for a limited amount of time. Chloroplasts within their parapodia (fleshy dorsal protrusions) continue to produce energy products The Lettuce Sea Slug can be either heterotrophic or autotrophic through carbon fixation throughout life andfood have been found throughout their lifespan. their As juveniles, is consumed and to function digested quickly, with little chloroplast retention. Upon reaching efficiently for a little over 40 days. This diversity in food sources and ability maturity, kleptoplasty becomes an important energy source. Also to produce energy aftersymbiosis, consumption is an adaptable characteristic knownmonths as chloroplast kleptoplasty is the mechanism that gives E. crispata sea which gives E.energy-providing crispata a survival advantage when food(lettuce is depleted or DESIGN STRATEGIE slug) the nickname “solar-powered sea slug”. E. crispata consumes sparse. diversity of algal species being suitable for a limited amount of a di
INTERFACE BETWEEN SKIN AND EXTERNAL WORLD
time. Chloroplasts within their parapodia ((eshy dorsal protrusions) continue to produce energy products through carbon xation throughout their life and have been found to function efficiently for a little over 40 days. This diversity in food sources and ability to produce energy months after consumption is an adaptable characteristic which gives E. crispata a survival advantage when food is depleted or sparse. ad
ith little chloroplast retention. Upon reaching Sea Slug can be either heterotrophic or autotrophic sty becomes The an Lettuce important energy source. Also throughout their lifespan. As juveniles, food is consumed and st symbiosis, kleptoplasty is the digested quickly, with little chloroplast retention. Upon reaching Interrelationship Between INTERFACE BETWEEN Design Strategies mechanism that giveskleptoplasty E. crispata (lettuce sea maturity, becomes an important energy DESIGN source. Also STRATEGIES Skin and External Environment SKIN AND EXTERNAL WORLD known as chloroplast symbiosis, kleptoplasty is the “solar-powered sea slug”. E. crispata consumes energy-providing mechanism that gives E. crispata (lettuce sea DESIGN STRATEGIES pecies beingslug) suitable for a limited amount of the nickname “solar-powered sea slug”. E. crispata consumes within their parapodia dorsal diversity of ((eshy algal species being suitable for a limited amount of a di time. Chloroplasts within through their parapodia ((eshy dorsal ue to produce energy products continue to produce oughout theirprotrusions) life and have been foundenergy to products through carbon xation throughout their life and have been found to for a little over 40 days. Thisfordiversity function efficiently a little overin40food days. This diversity in food to produce energy months after consumption sources and ability to produce energy months after consumption is an adaptable gives E. crispata a survival racteristic which gives E.characteristic crispata a which survival advantage when food is depleted or sparse. ad od is depleted or sparse.
PHYSIOLOGICAL, BEHAVIORAL DESIGN STRATEGIES Physiological, Behavioral AND ANATOMICAL ELEMENTS EHAVIORAL and Anatomical Elements ELEMENTS
INTERRELATIONSHIP BETWEEN Interrelationship Between SKIN AND INTERNAL SYSTEM INTERRELATIONSHIP BETWEEN Skin and Internal System
SKIN AND INTERNAL SYSTEM
INTERRELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SKIN AND INTERNAL SYSTEM
Algae Cell
Chloroplast
p 29-30 Algae Cell
Chloroplast
3
[
“I have thought exactly the opposite. Jungles and grasslands are the logical destinations, and towns and farmlands the labyrinths that people have imposed between them sometime in the past. I cherish the green enclaves accidentally left behind.�
]
- E.O. Wilson
SITE ANALYSIS
SITE OVERVIEW
3.1 Location for the proposed conservatory is derived from the necessity of not only advocating research but also educating the public. There are centers in California which aim towards a common conservatory and educational goal; primarily The California Academy of Sciences located in Northern California and the Monterey Bay Aquarium in Central California. There seems to be a need for a similar facility dedicated to biodiverse research in an accessible and concentrated location in Southern California.
p 33-34
PROGRAM
3.2 The institute will support world-class scientists, researchers, and graduate students from local universities in specific fields of study. Through expeditions and investigations the SCC will strive to understand the evolution and interconnectedness of life within the classified biodiverse hotspot region in California attempting to direct critical conservation decisions. With this scientific collective effort, the SCC will be open to the public - showcasing exhibits and programs in attempt to help California residents and those visiting understand the importance of a balance relationship with nature and how to become sustainable stewards of California’s biodiversity.
The Southern California Conservatory for Threatened Biodiversity is designated to conduct natural science research to discover, document, and share biodiversity native to The California Floristic Province; both locally and globally.
p 35-36
[
“I have thought exactly the opposite. Jungles and grasslands are the logical destinations, and towns and farmlands the labyrinths that people have imposed between them sometime in the past. I cherish the green enclaves accidentally left behind.�
4
]
- E.O. Wilson
DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
CLIMATE DATA
4.1
p 39-40
[
“When I’m working on a problem, I never think about beauty. I think on how to solve the problem. But when I am finished, if the solution is not beautiful, I know it is wrong.”
5
]
-R. Buckminister Fuller
RESOLUTION
FLOOR PLANS Legend
Program 1 _ GeoDesic Dome 2 _ Outside Shell 3 _ Ground Floor 4 _ Underwater -1 5 _ Underwater -2
5.1
1 _ Underwater Laboratories 2 _ Geodesic Ocean Dome 3 _ Marine Exhibition Hall 4 _ Terrestrial Exhibition Hall 5 _ Marine Laboratory 6 _ Terrestrial Laboratory 7 _ Flexible Room 8 _ Auditorium 9 _ Entrance Hall 10 _ Administration Area 11 _ Restaurant/Cafe 12 _ Restroom Facilities 13 _ Storage 14 _ Bird Watch Tower 15 _ Mechanical Room 16 _ Library 17 _ Engine Room 18 _ Gift Shop
BIRD VIEW
GROUND FLOOR
-2 FLOOR
-1 FLOOR
DN UP
DN DN UP DN
DN UP
DN UP
p 45-46
DESIGN STRATEGIES
CIRCULATION
5.1
THERMAL COMFORT
NATURAL LIGHTING
WATER FILTRATION
p 45-46
LIGHT STUDIES UNDERGROUND MARINE EXHIBITION HALL
5.1
p 45-46
SECTION SOUTH-WEST SECTION
5.1
p 45-46
RENDERS
MARINE EXHIBITION HALL
5.1
p 45-46
RENDERS TERRESTRIAL EXHIBITION HALL
5.1
p 51-52
RENDERS WEST WING
5.1
p 45-46
SITE ANALYSIS
5.1
p 45-46
Energy Analysis Report
VISARY INFO (Study #1 - Low Insulation) Building Performance Factors
Potential Energy Savings
Energy Use Intensity
Life Cycle Energy Use/Cost
Renewable Energy Potential
Energy Analysis Report
1
Monthly Heating Load
5.1 3
Energy Analysis Report
Energy Analysis Report
Monthly Peak Demand
Monthly Wind Roses
Annual Wind Rose (Speed Distribution)
Annual Wind Rose (Frequency Distribution)
5
6
p 45-46
Energy Analysis Report
Energy Analysis Report
Monthly Design Data
Monthly Cooling Load
Annual Temperature Bins
Diurnal Weather Averages
Monthly Fuel Consumption
Monthly Electricity Consumption
Humidity
5.1 4
7
Energy Analysis Report Annual Carbon Emissions
Conclusion: Electric consumption shows to be the same as in all other climate reports due to the fact that not only was insulation variable changed but also orientation. Variation of two components doesn’t allow for the report to be correctly analyzed since two variables are at play. Nevertheless, other data shows that low insulation in San Diego California, provides poor performance (as expected). Heating is still a main necessity in this semi-arid climate. Annual Energy Use/Cost
Energy Use: Fuel
Energy Use: Electricity
p 45-46
Energy Analysis Report
VISARY INFO (Study #2 - Moderate Insulation) Building Performance Factors
Potential Energy Savings
Energy Use Intensity
Life Cycle Energy Use/Cost
Renewable Energy Potential
Energy Analysis Report
1
Monthly Heating Load
5.1 3
Energy Analysis Report
Energy Analysis Report
Monthly Peak Demand
Monthly Wind Roses
Annual Wind Rose (Speed Distribution)
Annual Wind Rose (Frequency Distribution)
5
6
p 45-46
Energy Analysis Report
Energy Analysis Report
Monthly Design Data
Annual Temperature Bins
Monthly Cooling Load
Diurnal Weather Averages
Monthly Fuel Consumption
Humidity
Monthly Electricity Consumption
5.1 4
7
Energy Analysis Report Annual Carbon Emissions
Conclusion: Electric consumption shows to be the same as in all climate reports due to the fact that not only was insulation moderated but also orientation. Variation of two components doesn’t allow for the report to be correctly analyzed since two variables are at play. Nevertheless, other data shows that moderate insulation in San Diego California, provides better performance than that of low (as expected). Heating is still a main necessity in this semi-arid climate. Annual Energy Use/Cost
Energy Use: Fuel
Energy Use: Electricity
p 45-46
Energy Analysis Report
VISARY INFO (Study #3 - High Insulation) Building Performance Factors
Potential Energy Savings
Energy Use Intensity
Life Cycle Energy Use/Cost
Renewable Energy Potential
Energy Analysis Report
1
Monthly Heating Load
5.1 3
Energy Analysis Report
Energy Analysis Report
Monthly Peak Demand
Monthly Wind Roses
Annual Wind Rose (Speed Distribution)
Annual Wind Rose (Frequency Distribution)
5
6
p 45-46
Energy Analysis Report Energy Analysis Report
Monthly Design Data
Annual Temperature Bins
Monthly Cooling Load
Diurnal Weather Averages
Monthly Fuel Consumption
Monthly Electricity Consumption
Humidity
5.1 4
7
Energy Analysis Report Annual Carbon Emissions
Conclusion: Electric consumption shows to be the same as all the other results due to the fact that not only was insulation moderated but also orientation. Variation of two components doesn’t allow for the report to be correctly analyzed since two variables are at play. Nevertheless, remaining data shows that high insulation in San Diego California, provides the best performance out of all three reports (as expected). Heating is still a main necessity in this semi-arid climate.
Annual Energy Use/Cost
Energy Use: Fuel
Energy Use: Electricity
p 45-46 2
DESIGN STRATEGIES
Orient broad building surfaces away from the hot western sun. Only northern exposures are easily shaded.
For passive solar heating face most of the glass area south to maximize winter sun exposure, but design overhangs to fully shade in the summer.
5.1
Tiles or slate (even on low mass wood floors) or a stone-faced fireplace can help store winter daytime solar gain and summer nighttime coolth.
p 45-46
DESIGN STRATEGIES
San Diego’s climate is consider among some of the most comfortable; therefore, shade is needed to prevent overheating, open to breezes in summer , and use of passive solar gain in the winter.
5.1
High mass interior surfaces like stone, brick, tile, or slate, feel naturally cool on hot days and can reduce day-to-night temperature swings.
p 47-48
DESIGN STRATEGIES Locate door and window openings on opposite sides of building to facilitate cross ventilation, with larger areas facing up-wind when possible.
Low pitched roof with wide overhangs works well in temperate climates.
5.1
Window overhangs (designed for San Diego latitude) or operable sunshades (extend in summer, retract in winter) can reduce or eliminate air conditioning.
p 49-50
VELLUM
(Fifth Year Design Competition) Fall ‘13
As natures most effective light producers fireflies glow during their pupa stage . Aurelia is an indirectly interactive lamp which visually communicates as it adapts to the sound intensity of its surrounding environment. To display the indirect impact humans unconsciously and unknowingly have on the natural environment.
5.1
PROCESS
HOW IT RESPONDS
SERENE ambient
voice
clapping
DISTURBED
p 45-46
BIBLIOGRAPHY
WEBSITES Biomimetic Architecture http://www.biomimetic-architecture.com/2012/hygroscope-centre-pompidou-paris/ California Academy of Sciences http://www.calacademy.org/ California Department of Fish and Wildlife http://www.dfg.ca.gov/biogeodata/cnddb/mapsanddata.asp Conservation International - Biodiverse HotSpots http://www.conservation.org/where/priority_areas/ hotspots/Pages/hotspotsm _ ain.aspx Dallas World Aqauarium http://www.dwazoo.com/ Monterey Bay Aquarium http://www.montereybayaquarium.org/ United Nations Environment Programme - Environment for Development http://www.unep.org/ecosystemmanagement/
5.2
BOOKS Finsterwalder, Rudolf. Form Follows Nature- A History of Nature as Model for Design in Engineering, Architecture and Art. Wien: Springer Wien, 2011. Print. Gruber, Petra. Biomimetics in Architecture: Architecture of Life and Buildings. Wien: Springer, 2011. Print. Tsui, Eugene. Evolutionary Architecture: Nature as a Basis for Design. New York: John Wiley, 1999. Print.
IMAGES
p 53-54