New Centrality and Urban Mobility Panama City under the Energiewende envision
MA_Arch Studio URBAN DESIGN IN TIMES OF ENVIROMENTAL POLICIES Studio Master:
Prof. Dr. Gunnar Hartmann
Second Advisor: Prof. Peter Ruge Student: Luis Cedeno Cenci
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Content Introduction
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Chapter 1 The City of Panama, an overview
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Overview of Panama CitY
13
La Exposicion: good example of urbanization
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The phenomena of urbanization in Panama
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Panama Urban footprint 1941-2014
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Chapter 2 Urban problems
29
Urban problems
32
City Council and Metro Office of Panama. Initiatives
38
Chapter 3 Energiewende from Germany
45
Chapter 4 Case studies
53
Chapter 5 The site: San Miguelito node, a future centrality?
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San Miguelito node
69
San Miguelito, specific problems
73
Spaces for opportunities
90
Chapter 6 Proposal: new centrality
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Identification of zones of intervention
96
Existing - vision - ourcome
110
Urban sites of Panama city
112
Master plan
122
Pedestrian
127
Urban green spaces
130
Bibliography and notes
138
introduction We are currently witnessing the most spectacular growth rate of human mobilisation in our collective history on Earth. Continents, countries and regions all over the world have seen a massive surge of population shifts that have altered the geographical and ecological landscape of our planet. In the last five decades, more people have turned to urban life than in the entire history since cities have existed. Panama city, my hometown, has been no exception to this phenomenon. Economic prosperity, social aspirations and the rise of a creative class have all been significant factors in drawing people into Panama city from outer rural areas. However, the urban infrastructure has proven to be incapable of providing for its fast growing population. Through the course of this studio, I was introduced to the many ‘sciences’ behind the phenomenon of urbanization. Observing mobility, demographic and economic patterns equipped me with a palette of inter-disciplinary skills that helped me look at Panama city under various layers. The intent was to identify a source problem, for which an architectural or urban intervention could be envisioned. Germany’s Energiewende (energy transition) concept extends far beyond the scopes of energy distribution but
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also towards other crucial layers of the city, such as mobility and accessibility. Densifying neighborhoods of Panama city are finding it increasingly incapable of maintaining connectivity and networks for its pedestrian populations. Using examples from concepts of Energiewende, coupled with case studies from around the world, I have tried to curate a network system that integrates pedestrians with an existing mobility framework, with the intent of improving accessibility for all users, while ensuring adequate recreational and public spaces. This thesis takes the first steps in towards a long-term thinking for Panama city, where the challenge is to find more systemic and sustainable approaches and solutions.
CHAPTER 01 The City of Panama, an overview
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P1. Panama City, view from the bay.
10
Germany
Spain California
Pacific Ocean
New York
Panama
Atlantic Ocean
Peru
M1. Republic of Panama in the world map
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Overview of Panama City The Republic of Panama is located in Central America, bordered by Costa Rica and Colombia, with a population of almost 4 million and is well known by its unique geographical position between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. Its vocation of transit goes back to the times of the Crown of Castile (now Spain) when was used as a passage of gold and silver from Peru, a function which is subsequently reaffirmed with the construction of the first Transisthmic railroad due to the discovery of gold in California in the mid-nineteenth century and then consolidated with the opening of the Panama Canal in 1914 as a navigation route.
Costa Rica
Atlantic Ocean
Transisthmic routes Panama city center Limit of the Canal Zone U.S.A. Canal Zone 1903-2000
M2. Republic of Panama
Pacific Ocean
Virtually from the outset, Panama City also acquired a trait that would determine its structure and characterise its urban culture: the scarcity of land available for expansion. Initially, in 1519, the obstacles were geographical, the settlement being located on a strip of land situated between the sea and an unhealthy swampland. Following the destruction of this first capital by pirates, in 1673 a new city emerged, for defence purposes on a small 30-hectare peninsula surrounded by fortified walls and bastions, with limited space from the beginning, based on a habitable area just five streets wide by nine or ten streets long.
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Colombia
Transisthmic Railroad 1855 Spanish routes 1530-1739
Two hundred years passed in this way until the birth of the republic in 1903, when the construction of the inter-oceanic canal gave rise to a new determining factor in the form of the so-called Canal Zone. For seventy-five years, this occupied a considerable part of the territory adjacent to the citiy of Panama, forcing the citizens to adopt different types of land occupation to accommodate the urban expansion. Consequently, urban expansion during the first ten years after independence was almost exclusively the result of the creation of new outlying districts in the north and east.
2,000,000
1,706,237
1,500,000 75 years
1,000,000 500,000
66 %
Birth Rate
2014
Panama City Population
Life Expectancy
Urban Population
1800
2.7 children
1850
1900
1950
2000
2016
600 500 400 300 200 100
51Per/Hec 1814 1886 1917 1940 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2014
Growth patterns of Panama from GapMinder.
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Panama City Density
P2. Panama city map 1915
Old Town of Panama 1673
P3. La Exposicion 1915
La Exposicion 1915
La Exposicion: good example of urbanization. In 1912 the president of Panama, Dr. Belisario Porras, bought a property to several private owners for make a new district called La Exposicion with a grid trace, wide streets and boulevards. However, he faced criticism from the petty interests of local real estate developers who could not conceive that anyone but themselves – not even the state – could benefit from the rise in property prices resulting from these public improvements. Hence, with only limited participation by the public authorities and led by private initiative, an urban conglomerate gradually emerged in the shadow of the canal. This explains the fact that for over a century Panama City planned its growth on the guidelines dictated by a concise network of roads made up of four main arteries that had little or nothing to do with urban planning measures.
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Regional avenues Main avenues Complementary streets Limit of the Canal Zone
M3. Panama City road network - linear city
The transition from city to metropolis was brought about by this four-road network, which has served to articulate housing developments in various shapes and sizes, and has given Panama City the colourful image it has today and a discontinuous, linear and fragmented structure that complicates the way it functions. Meanwhile, the market-led urbanisation model used in Panama City rejected planning in favour of exploitation of the city as a source of enrichment.Initially, this resulted in the construction of homes to let, and in particular, from 1905 onward. The appearance of the city also changed as the large clusters of rooming houses and high densities that had characterised working-class housing in the center, were gradually replaced by small subsidised apartment buildings and in particular, the emergence of a business centre around the newly created financial district.
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P4. Panama financial district
The latter also comprised middle and high-income homes in apartment buildings that became taller and taller with rising land prices and the introduction of regulations designed for this purpose. At the same time, outward expansion towards the east and north, along the existing arteries, created two new urban elements: groups of serially produced houses and autoconstructed districts or “poor districts”. For at least the last twenty-five years, these two types of housing, with a slight predominance of the autoconstructed variety, have constituted the bulk of the new land developed in the city, that is, the expansion of the “urban sprawl”. Panama city has experienced a high population growth, doubling its population from 830 thousand inhabitants in 1990 to almost 2 million today.
P5. Urban sprawl. Gated and isolated communities in the periphery. Nuevo Tocumen.
P6. Informal settelments in San Miguelito.
The phenomena of urbanization This growth determined largely by the rural-urban migration and also by the immigration from nearby countries, tripled the urban footprint, from 12 thousand hectares in 1990 to more than 33 thousand today. The urban physiognomy of Panama has changed considerably, been now a linear city in all its extension and the urban footprint exceeds the 80 kilometers from East to West. Despite the central goverment of Panama elaborated in 1997 a Urban Development Plan for the Metropolitan Area and its respectiv upgrade in 2013, both never were executed.
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This lack of will together with the force of the real state market have driven this desorginized development which generated several urban problems and social segregation, difficulties of urban mobility, bad transportation system, construction of highrises buildings in not suitable areas and the construction of houses in areas of non-mitigable risks. On the other hand, the new Subway System (line 1 built) and the Action Plan for a Sustainable City 2015 by Municipality of Panama together with the IBD (IntereAmerican Bank of Develpment) seems to be an opportunity for make positive changes and create a new escenario in Panama City.
Old Canal Zone
Old Canal Zone
M4. Panama urban footprint 1941 - 1960
Old Canal Zone
Old Canal Zone
M5. Panama urban footprint 1960 - 1980
Urban growth Road network Metro line 1 - built
Area of the city 3,500 km2
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Old Canal Zone
Old Canal Zone
Old Canal Zone
Old Canal Zone
30 Km 80
M6. Panama urban footprint 1980 - 2000
Km
M7. Panama urban footprint 2014
Urban growth Road network Metro line 1 - built
Area of the city 3,500 km2
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CHAPTER 02 Panama urban problems
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PANAMA CITY - THE FRAGMENTED CITY
MAIN CAUSES
CANAL ZONE
SCARCITY OF LAND
CONSECUENCES
MAIN PROBLEMS
ONE CITY CENTER
URBAN SPRAWL URBAN MOBILITY
LACK OF PLANNING
INFORMAL SETTELMENTS
LAND USE AND URBAN INEQUALITY
GHG EMISSIONS FORCE OF THE REAL STATE MARKET
NATURAL ELEMENTS: BAY AND HILLS
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PRIVATE VEHICLES
INEFFICIENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM
Density Construction of high rises bildings
Real state boom 2007 - 2008
More cars per family
Panama province has the 39% of the country
Increasing of Co2 emissions
Periphery
City center 70-80 min.
25 min.
6. Traffic jams in the city center.
P7. Traffic jam in the city center.
URBAN PROBLEMS Mobility For several years the city didn’t have an organized and efficient public transport system. This situation forced most of the citizens to avoid the use of public transportation and buy cars, prioritizing the automotive mobilization to the detriment of pedestrians and cyclists. The city has now only 5 main avenues distributed in a linear system plus the increase of the fleet of cars (50 thousands every year, 75 thousands in 2016) produce an impressive traffic jam in the mornings and evenings. Five years ago, the government proposed a Metro System of 8 lines and changed the Bus System in order to improve the mobility in the city. In this moment Line 1 is built and the Line 2 is under construction. Even though a lot of citizens were benefited with the construction of the subway, due to the saving of time when they go and come from their jobs, we still have a huge mobility problem, which affect the quality of life of most of the population. 32
Periphery
People stay in traffic jams between 1 - 2 hours
Office
Mixed use High class Middle class Low class Commercial Empty plots Green areas Mangrove River water bodies
P8. Urban inequality. Informal settelments next to high class neighborhood.
Land Use and Urban inequality On one hand the centralization of the commercial activities in the center and the free market forces, have motivated the construction of skyscrapers everywhere for profit, on the other the lack of planning from the authorities generated the informality of land occupation processes (illegal invasions). As a result the Panama City has a disordered configuration and a dispersed urban space. In terms of public space and green areas, we have a lack of both and a remarkable inequality in the distribution, quality and access in the metropolitan area.
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M8. Land use map - 2014
Mil
2012
16 15 14 13 12
Sewage water 1%
Agriculture 3%
11 10 9
Waste 7%
Industrial process
8 7 6
Energy mobil sources 46%
1965
Stationary sources 37%
1975
1985
1995
2005
Total greenhouse gas emissions in the country (kt of CO2 equivalent)
Emissions per sector 2013 2.72
Tons 2,6 2,4 2,2 2,0 1,8 1,6
Mitigation of the Climate change - GHG emissions The measurements of the GHG of Panama City in 2013, showed that the per capita emissions balance was 4.90 t of CO2e / inhabitant, higher than the national average (2.62 metric tons of CO2e / inhab.) in 2010. The main emissions are in the sector of mobile sources (cars), which represents 46% of the total emissions, followed by emissions in the energy sector in stationary sources with 36%. Despite advances to mitigate the effects of the climate change, this issue is in red, since great efforts need to be made to mitigate GHGs in the metropolitan area. As well, the problem of air quality is mainly concentrated in the metropolitan area of the Pacific, where 90% of the pollution comes from automobiles (64% of the country’s total vehicles are in the province of Panama). Cars generate 78% of hydrocarbons and 98% of carbon monoxide (CO) that reach the air. This problem is related with the real estate “boom�, that began in 2007 and brought more density, more buildings, urban sprawl, more cars and more traffic jams. 36
1,4 1,2 1,0
1965
1975
1985
1995
2005
CO2 Emissions in the country (Tons metric per capita)
Nuevo Tocumen
Felipillo Parque Industrial Los Andes
Airport
Parque Sur San Miguelito
Women prision
Rio Abajo Los Angeles Tagaropulos Multicentro Perulena
Parque de Araijan
Calidonia 5 de Mayo
La Exposicion
Vista Alegre SUBWAY STATIONS LINE 1 SUBWAY STATIONS LINE 2
Costa Verde
SUBWAY STATIONS LINE 3 STREETS INTEGRATED TOD ZONES
M9. Potential zones for TOD development
City Council of Panama. Initiatives The Municipality of Panama together with the IBD (Inter-American Bank of Development) have created in 2015 an important document called Action Plan, Metropolitan Panama, sustainable, human and global. In this document they identified several problems in the city and framed them in three categories Urban Development, Enviroment and Fiscal Area and Governance. For the improvement of the Urban Development category, they used as a base the Subway System map, choosed the main points of connections and suggested develop this areas with TOD, parkings buildings and new mixed use infrastructures.
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Panama Pacifico
M10. Proposed centralities.
Promotion for the development of TOD The central element in the planning of a Transport-Oriented Development (TOD) is public transport, as it connects to the rest of the city and is complemented by other features that promote pushing private transport journeys into alternative modes. They are built in areas of influence around a bus or subway station, or in the area adjacent to preferential public transport corridors, with mixed uses (residential, commercial, public spaces) that densify and guarantee inclusion and equity. Also, they are able to meet the needs of trips outside its structure with public transport and inside with non-motorized modes, promoting urban vitality and the need of travel without car. Promotion of Centralities The proposed centralities should be characterized by a mix of uses and the existence of services and equipment, located in areas with multimodal transport connections, which reduces daily commutes.
Metro Office of Panama. The Metro System is the a key opportunity for develop an important intervention in Panama City and fix several urban problems that the city face. The nodes, where two or three matro stations will be, are the perfect scenario for develop new centralities, connect isolated areas and improve the urban mobility. The line 1 was inaugurated in 2014 y the line 2 is under cinstruction. The rest of the lines will be ready around 20149. M11. Metro lines. 40
Mixed use
High class Middle class Low class
Commercial Empty plots
Green areas Mangrove River water bodies
M12. Land use map - 2014 + metro lines 42
CHAPTER 03 Energiewende from Germany
44
1400
1200
Million tons carbon dioxide equivalent
1000
800
600
400
200
0
1990
CO2
2000
Other gasses
2010
2020
2030
2040
2050
Target
Energiewende The Energiewende is a strategy that Germany is applying to make a transition to a low carbon energy supply by 2050. The 4 main goals are: 1. phase out of nuclear energy 2. increase renewable energies 3. increase energy efficiency and 4. reduce the GHG emissions to -95%.small city with a strategy of mixed urban development and an integrated transport can be a perfect model of a city of short distances, with minimal environmental impacts and less traffic. 46
60,000
Gigawatts per hour
GW
50,000 40,000 30,000 20,000 10,000 0 2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
2040
2045
2050 Distribution of generation of electricity in Panama- type of source 2050
Annual generation of electricity in Panama - type of source 2015-2050 Consumption
Hydro 21.52%
Wind 3.18%
Bunker 0.12%
Coal 36.97%
Importation 2.88%
Diesel (oil) 0.0%
LGN 34.71%
Photovoltaics 0.50%
Biomass 0.11%
Can the Energiewende of Germany be a model for the rest of the world? Panama, has an increase on it’s economy which is reflected in the construction industry, but dosen’t has a plan for the mitigation of the GHG emissions. The grahpics shows the tendency all the way through 2050, the usage of renewable energies will be only 25%. According to our reallity, what can we learn from the Energiewende? What must be the role of the architect to create a completely new scenario? How would Panama benefit from the implementation of some strategies of the Energiewende?
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SUSTAINABLE MOBILITY Overview from Germany 2008
Less GHG emissions
Affordable for all
CITY OF SHORT DISTANCES A proposal for Panama Mixed Urban Development
Less particulate PM
Climate Change
10
15
RENEWABLE
Safe User friendly
Less NOx 24
Less Noise
43
Less Land consumption
50
More resource efficient
9
Cost efficient
Urban Mobility
Less traffic
CONNECTIVITY
TOD
OFFICE PARK
NEW HOUSING PROTOTYPE
Land Use
WALKABLE
CHAPTER 04 Case Studies
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Barigui Park
Location: Curitiba, Brazil Climate: Humid subtropical Population: 1,879,000 Life Expectancy: years 74.9
Project period: 1972 Project area: 1.4 mil m2 Project initiatoir: IPPUC and ICLEI
The Problem Curitiba is located between two major rivers and contains five smaller ones. For two centuries, people and rivers lived in harmony. Curitiba’s metro-area population grew from about 300,000 in 1950 to 2.1 million in 1990, and another million residents are expected by 2020. In the 1950s and 1960s, rural migrants from failed coffee plantations started settling in floodplain shantytowns. Meanwhile, impervious surfaces and other encroachments on natural drainage caused worsening floods through .the city centre The Strategy The municipality decided to switch from fighting flooding to exploiting the water as a gift of habitat. They passed stringent riparian-zone protective laws, turned riverbanks into linear parks, and used small ditches and dams to form new lakes, which form the core of the new Barigui Park. A strategic objective throughout has been to protect the Iguaçu basin from serious contamination, since this river within the city provides nearly all of the metro area’s drinking water. People were encouraged to plant trees, residential developments had to have gardens, and open space had to be permeable. A law stated that no one is allowed to cut down a tree without a permit (in order to gain a permission, one has to plant .)two trees as substitution The Result The design strategy of Barigui Park stopped the flooding. The construction costs were far less than traditional (engineered) flood-control methods. Green spaces not only present public spaces for leisure and agriculture (sheep farming replaced lawn mowing) but also perform as large urban infrastructures for flood-control, water resource, and biodiversity. As the population grew by 2.4 times, the public space per person expanded from 5 to 581 square feet per person. 52 square meters of park per capita, higher .than New York, higher than any city worldwide, four times higher than the UN recommendations . :Source Paul Hawken, Amory Lovins and Hunter Lovins. Natural Capitalism (New York: Little, Brown and .Company, 1999), 296-297
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Aluba River
Palmital River Iguacu River
Itaq River
Belem River A
Peqeno River
A
Tributarie Ponds Main park
Flood Management in Iguacu River
Major floods Iguacu River
Channel Section A-A
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Blue-Green THE SOUL OF NØRREBRO
Infrastructure Nørrebro
Location: Copenhagen, Denmark Climate: Marine west coast Population: 583,000 Life Expectancy: years 79.4
Project Period: 2016-2022 Project Area 85.000 Project Initiator: SLA- Stig L. Andersson
The Problem The City of Copenhagen faces various challenges related to climate changes and urban population growth from heavy cloudbursts (rainwater management), urban heat islands and an increased carbon footprint, waste management, water pollution to an increasing social and cultural segregation in the .inner city The Strategy The City of Copenhagen attempts to implement a blue-green strategy that addresses the specifications of the location and community. The proposal for the design of Hans Tavsens Park and Korsgade is based on five main tools that help increase the synergy between water, biology and the people of Nørrebro. Together the tools strengthen the unique quality of the area by creating an open framework that conveys the juxtaposition of that which has been constructed and that which has been cultivated, allowing space for both a community spirit and climate adaption. Because the development of the district will be based on a networking process between the municipality, District Renewal, institutions, schools and residents, local affiliation and ownership will be ensured of climate adaptation solutions .as well as urban space solutions
THE SOUL OF NØRREBRO
EVERYDAY RAIN
26
26
The Result the area will be experienced as architecturally cohesive, but with a myriad of different spaces, green • niches, urban life activities and pop-up initiatives – providing room for different user groups and activities the area will be climate-secured with long-lasting solutions • the degree of what is green and what is blue will be maximized in the urban spaces •
It often rains in Copenhagen. Sometimes it is grey and wet for several consecutive days. At other times there are short, but heavy showers. Sometimes it drizzles. Everyday rain is a completely natural part of the daily life in Copenhagen and, therefore, should be included in the hydrological cycle by being a resource that promotes urban nature and urban life. Rainwater management and cloudburst harvesting is not in itself a plan - the plan is to improve the daily lives of residents and users. Both measurably and noticeably.
EVERYDAY RAIN IN THE AREA THAT IS UPSTREAM FROM HANS TAVSENS PARK Cleansing biotopes will be established in the western part of the park, at Nørrebro Park School. The cleansing biotopes are integrated into the park naturally. These cleansing biotopes must be able to receive the rain from the downstream portion of the cloudburst branches coming from Nørrebro Park, and possibly from parts of the northern cloudburst branches if it runs through Assistens Cemetery. In particular, it is proposed that the intersection on Jagtvej is designed with a closed drain for everyday rain and a lowFSFE TVSGBDF GPS DMPVECVSTUT 5IJT DBO BMTP JNQSPWF UIF USBƌD DPOEJUJPOT BU the intersection.
EVERYDAY RAIN AS A RESOURCE Rainwater, collected from roofs in collection tanks, must as far as possible be used as a resource in the area. This water can be used by residents, schools and institutions, as well as by the municipality’s operating organisation. Rainwater from the roof areas directly facing Hans Tavsens Park will CF MFE UP UIF OFX SBJOCFET JO UIF QBSL XIFSF NPTU PG UIF XBUFS XJMM ŻMUFS down and evaporate. The rainwater from the roof areas along Korsgade that are not close to a collection tank, will as far as possible be led directly to the longitudinal rainwater element in Korsgade.
EVERYDAY RAIN IN THE AREA SURROUNDING HANS TAVSENS PARK " UPUBM PG BQQSPYJNBUFMZ SBJOXBUFS UBOLT BSF UP CF FTUBCMJTIFE FBDI NFBTVSJOH N JO TJ[F *U JT FOTVSFE UIBU UIF UBQQJOH BSFBT BSF TFcured properly so that it cannot be used for drinking water. If the rainwater is wanted for recreational use locally, it must be ensured that the water is USFBUFE PS SFQMBDFE DG SFHVMBUJPOT CZ UIF NFEJDBM PƌDFS PG IFBMUI FUD 5IF SBJOXBUFS UBOLT XJMM PWFSżPX UP SBJOCFET JO )BOT 5BWTFOT 1BSL BOE POMZ XIFO UIFTF BSF ŻMMFE XJMM TVQFSŻDJBM żPX PDDVS UP EFTJHOBUFE BSFBT JO UIF park.
'SPN UIF IFBWZ USBƌDLFE BSFBT PO )BOT 5BWTFOT (BEF BOE ,PSTHBEF UIF rainwater will be diverted via downstream wells using down scaling drains UP )0'03śT FYJTUJOH ESBJOBHF TZTUFN 5IJT FOTVSFT UIBU NPTU PG UIF DPOUBNJOBUFE SBJOXBUFS BOE UIF ŻSTU żVTI BSF EJWFSUFE UP -ZOFUUFO UIF %BOJTI waste water treatment plant.
EVERYDAY RAIN AT HELLIGKORS CHURCH AND BLÅGÅRDS SCHOOL *O UIJT BSFB UIF SBJOXBUFS XJMM BMTP ŻSTU CF DPMMFDUFE JO SBJOXBUFS UBOLT CVU UP TPNF FYUFOU JU XJMM BMTP CF MFE EJSFDUMZ UP UIF SBJOXBUFS FMFNFOU JO Korsgade. Individual roof sheets will be led to the proposed discharge pipe from delay elements at Hans Tavsens Park.
EVERYDAY RAIN IN KORSGADE A rainwater element will be established through Korsgade which will divert everyday rain from the northern roof areas and sidewalks. The drains are covered when passing roads, and to reduce the ongoing cleaning and operation, coarse grates are incorporated in the covered portions so that paper, QJ[[B CPYFT FUD DBO FBTJMZ CF EJTQPTFE PG CZ PQFOJOH UIF IJOHFE żBQT PG the cover. The drain also passes cleansing biotopes along the way and a ŻOBM SJOTF CFGPSF JU JT QVNQFE JOUP UIF MBLFT *O BMM UIFSF JT B N EFMBZ volume which allows for the maintaining of a low discharge rate of 1 L/s per hectare to the lake. The roof water from the southern roof areas are led to UIF DPMMFDUJPO UBOLT XJUI UIF QPTTJCJMJUZ PG PWFSżPXJOH JOUP UIF MPOHJUVEJOBM rainwater element. Individual roof sheets will be led to the proposed discharge pipe from delay elements at Hans Tavsens Park. TRAFFICKED AREAS - FIRST AND SECOND FLUSH 5IF USBƌDLFE BSFBT PG )BOT 5BWTFOT (BEF BOE ,PSTHBEF BSF ESBJOFE UP UIF FYJTUJOH ESBJOBHF TZTUFN CVU TDBMFE CBDL TP UIBU POMZ UIF ŻSTU żVTI DPOtaining the most contaminated water, is diverted here. The proposed scaling down is performed with regulated discharge from the rainwater canals and wells, which can regulate from 1-10 L/s per hectare. 8IFO UIF SBJOGBMM FYDFFET UIF MJNJU PG UIF ŻSTU żVTI JU PWFSżPXT UP UIF discharge pipe for rainwater from delay elements in Hans Tavsens Park.
Principle longitudinal section through the project area (not to scale)
Roof Rain Water
9,0m
8,0m
7,5m
7,0m
8,0m
7,0m
7,0m
Reused Rain Water
8,0m
8,0m
Rain Basin Rain Basin
58
58
22
Surface Cha
Roof Rain Water
Rain Basin
Rain Basin
Reused Rain Water
Cloudburst and Low Point Drainage Pipe
Visualisation and section of Nørrebro Source: The Soul of Nørrebro, Nordic Built Cities Challenge, Hans Tavsens Park, Blågård School and Korsgade
take part in recreational activities, urban social l of the area by creating an open framework that conveys MIXING PIONEERING SPIRIT experiences. The main tools will have the following positive effec Our proposal for the design of Hans Tavsens Park and ON CO-CREATION 100% the juxtaposition of that which hasFOCUS been constructed and UTILITY & AMENITY VALUE Korsgade based oncultivated, five main tools that helpeveryday increaselife is THE SOUL OF NØRREBRO that whichishas been so that good • • The will bePark, climate-secured Hansarea Tavsens Korsgade andwith the long-lastin area aroun GROWTH LOCAL COMMITMENT CLEANSING the synergy between water, biology and the people guaranteed for all. Here the soul of Nørrebro will be of allowed and Hellig Kors Church will become a completely • The area will be experienced as architecturally co Nørrebro. Togetherspace the tools strengthen the unique attractive, sensuous and naturally rich area that to grow, allowing for both a community spirit quality and myriad of different spaces, green niches, urban l THE SOUL OF NØRREBRO take part in recreational activities, urban social of the area by creating an open framework that conveys peace of mind. The main tools will have the following positive effects: • The degree of what is green and what is blue will be maximized in the up initiatives - providing room for different user Our proposal for the design of Hans Tavsens Park and experiences. WEATHERING COMMUNICATORS the juxtaposition of that which hasurban beenspaces constructed and and an aesthetic appreciation of nature RECYCLING so that sensuous Korsgade is based on five main tools thatSEEPAGE help increase FLOWERING ACTIVITY • Hans Tavsens Park, Korsgade and thethat areawhich around has the Blågård School is markedly area.will be climate-secured with long-lasti been cultivated, so that goodincreased everydaythroughout life is the• project The area the synergy between water, biology and the people of and HelligTHE Kors ChurchCYCLE will become aguaranteed completely new THE HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE BIOLOGICAL THE SOCIAL CYCLE of Nørrebro will be allowed forcohesive, all. Here the soul Nørrebro. Together the tools strengthen the unique quality attractive, sensuous and naturally rich area that invites you to stay, • The varied architectural characteristics the project area are MATURING PLAYFUL CHILDREN RAIN • ofThe area will be experienced as architecturally co to grow, space for isboth a diverse community spirit and Copenhagen city nature needs the usefulness and enhanced Nature’s biological cycles are revitalizing, dynamicallowing and Nørrebro the most district in Copenhagen. The take part in recreational activities, urban social life and new nature complemented by the cultivated environment, so that a complete myriad of different spaces, green niches, urban of the area by creating an open framework conveys value of rain water.that That is why we are working with holistic constantly evolving. From the most fragile saplings to old density, community feeling and tolerance is quite unique for peace of mind. urban architecture is created. experiences. the district. But in busy everyday life, new communities often rain water solutions that are part of a larger cycle.MIXING From small hoary trees, new suckers, birdsong, fallen leaves, death and The main tools will have the following positive effects: • The degree of what is green and what is blue will be maximized in the up initiatives - providing room for different user Our proposal for the design of Hans Tavsens Park and PIONEERING SPIRIT DELAY the juxtaposition of& STORAGE that which has been constructed andwhere the water to large scale, rain water is seen asOFaDIVERSITY resource weathering, nature gives us aONfeeling of being part of somehave a hard time. The social cycle should increase everyday THE BIRTHPLACE FOCUS CO-CREATION 100% urban spaces so that sensuous and an aesthetic appreciation of nature is collected, purified and reused. thing greater. Hans Tavsens Park will become the birthplace happiness in Nørrebro by promoting large and small comUTILITY VALUE Korsgade ishas based oncultivated, five main tools that help increaselife is that& AMENITY which been so that good everyday • resources, Nørrebro’s ‘edge’ full ofproject initiative and a leader of the The area will be climate-secured with long-lasting solutions. • Hans Tavsens Park, Korsgade and the area around the Blågård School is markedly increased throughout the area. of a biological diversity and variety that will spread to the rest munities across social generations, sexas andinnovative, race. the synergy between water, biology and the people of The hydrological cycle optimizes Copenhagen resource and HelligofKors Nørrebro and Copenhagen. GROWTH LOCALChurch COMMITMENT pack will be strengthened. CLEANSING guaranteed for all. Here the soul of Nørrebro will be allowed will become a completely new cohesive, MATURING PLAYFUL CHILDREN RAIN consumption, climate-secures the area surrounding Hans The purpose of the social cycle is to strengthen commitment • The area will be experienced as architecturally cohesive, but with a Nørrebro. Togetherspace the tools strengthen unique quality sensuous andwill naturally rich area that and invites you to stay, The varied architectural characteristics of the project area are Tavsens Park the and Korsgade, purifies the water in the lakes attractive, The biological cycle ensure a diverse, adaptable to, as well as the • co-creation of the city’s (and the world’s) to grow, allowing for both a community spirit and myriad of different spaces, green niches, urban life activities and pop• cycle Because the development of the environment, district will beso based a networking and makes Copenhagen even greener. city nature andactivities, natural experiences the center well-being. The social is anchored in the district’s take part unique in recreational urbaninsocial lifeof and new nature complemented by theinsticultivated that on a complete of the area by creating an open framework that conveys MIXING PIONEERING SPIRIT peace of mind. DELAY & STORAGE the capital. tutions, including Copenhagen’s firstbetween Fablab for CIty Nature. up initiatives - providing room for different user groups and activities. process the municipality, District Renewal, institutions, experiences. urban architecture is created. THE BIRTHPLACE OF DIVERSITY FOCUS ON CO-CREATION 100% the juxtaposition of that which has been constructed andWEATHERING CLIMATE ADAPTATION WITH CITY NATURE UTILITY & AMENITY VALUE schools and residents, local affiliation and ownership will be ensured COMMUNICATORS RECYCLING DIFFERENC CLIMATE ADAPTATION WITH CITY NATURE that which has been cultivated, so that good everyday life is FLOWERING ACTIVITY ofusing climate as well as urban space solutions. SEEPAGE • The area will be climate-secured with long-lasting solutions. • Nørrebro’s ‘edge’ full of initiative a of leader of the in GROWTH LOCAL COMMITMENT CLEANSING The entire project area will be climate-adapted cityadaptation natureas asinnovative, itssolutions base. Nørrebro has greatand need city nature The residen pack will be strengthened. guaranteed for all. Here the soul of Nørrebro will be allowed order to climate-adapt the district, but it is equally important that city nature makes it nicer for all people to live and life. That is THE HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE THE BIOLOGICAL CYCLE THE SOCIAL CYCLE • The area will be experienced as architecturally cohesive, but with a move around in the neighbourhood. City nature will handle and retain rain water but will also increase the quality of ated either f to grow, allowing space for both a community spirit and Nature’s biological cycles are revitalizing, dynamic and Nørrebro is the most diverse district in Copenhagen. The Copenhagen city nature needs the usefulness and enhanced • and Because the development of noise the district will and be based on aemissions, networking myriad of different spaces, green niches, urban life activities and popmany assoc water while creating a better micro-climate contribute to food growing, reduction lower CO2 peace mind. value of rain water. That is whyof we are working with holistic constantly evolving. From the most fragile saplings to old density, community feeling and tolerance is quite unique for up initiatives - providing room for different user groups and activities. process between the municipality, District Renewal, institutions, THE SOUL OF NØRREBRO
DELAY & STORAGE
THE BIRTHPLACE OF DIVERSITY
THE MAIN TOOLS
THE MAIN TOOLS
rain water solutions that are part of a larger RECYCLING cycle. From small 8 to large scale, rainSEEPAGE water is seen as a resource where the water is collected, purified and reused.
THE HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE The hydrological cycle optimizes Copenhagen resource consumption, surrounding Hans Copenhagenclimate-secures city nature needsthe thearea usefulness and enhanced MATURING Tavsens Park Korsgade, in with the lakes value of rainand water. That ispurifies why we the are water working holistic andrain makes even waterCopenhagen solutions that aregreener. part of a larger cycle. From small DELAY & STORAGE VALUE
DELAY & STORAGE
NITY VALUE
8
RECYCLING
sefulness and enhanced RECYCLING are working with holistic 8 larger cycle. From small esource where the water
resource e Copenhagen usefulness and enhanced area we are surrounding working withHans holistic s the water in the lakes of a larger cycle. From small er. s a resource where the water MIXING
DIVERSITY
es Copenhagen resource he area surrounding Hans ifies the water in the lakes ener.
WEATHERING
talizing, dynamic and fragile saplings to old allen leaves, death and of being part of60 somebecome the birthplace at will spread to the rest
iverse, adaptable and ences in the center of
hoary trees, new suckers, birdsong, fallen leaves,WEATHERING death and weathering, nature FLOWERING gives us a feeling of being part of something greater. Hans Tavsens Park will become the birthplace of aTHE biological diversity and variety that will spread to the rest BIOLOGICAL CYCLE of Nørrebro and Copenhagen.
improving air quality - and the quality of life for the residents! COMMUNICATORS the district. But in busy everyday life, new communities often schools and residents, local affiliation and ownership will be ensured have a hard time. TheACTIVITY social cycle should increase everyday CLIMATE ADAPTATION WITH CITY NATURE happiness in Nørrebro by promoting large and small comof using climate solutions as well has as urban The entire project area will be climate-adapted cityadaptation nature as its base. Nørrebro great space need ofsolutions. city nature in munities acrossCYCLE social resources, generations, sex and race. THE SOCIAL order to climate-adapt the district, but it is equally important that city nature makes it nicer for all people to live and
TheNørrebro purpose is of the the social is todistrict strengthen commitmentThe Nature’s biological cycles are revitalizing, dynamic and most cycle diverse in Copenhagen. PLAYFUL CHILDREN move around in the neighbourhood. City nature will handle and retain rain water but will also increase the quality of Theconstantly biologicalevolving. cycle willFrom ensure diverse, adaptable to, density, as well community as the co-creation of the city’s (and the world’s) the amost fragile saplings and to old feeling and tolerance is quite unique for unique city nature and natural experiences in the center of well-being. The social cycle is anchored in the district’s instiwater while creating a better micro-climate and contribute to food growing, noise reduction and lower CO2 emissions, hoary trees, new suckers, birdsong, fallen leaves, death and the district. But in busy everyday life, new communities often theweathering, capital. tutions, Copenhagen’s first Fablab for CIty Nature. nature gives us a feeling of being partPIONEERING of some- SPIRIT have including a hard time. The social cycle should increase everyday to large scale, rain water is seen as a resource where the water improving air quality - and the quality of life for the residents! MIXING FORALL ALL is collected, purified and reused. thing greater. Hans Tavsens will become the birthplace happiness in Nørrebro by promotingDIFFERENCES large and small com-FOR THECLIMATE BIRTHPLACE OFADAPTATION DIVERSITY FOCUS ONPark CO-CREATION DIFFERENCES WITH CITY NATURE of a biological diversity and variety that will spread to the rest munities across social resources, generations, sex and race. The entire project area will be climate-adapted using city nature as its base. Nørrebro has great need of city nature in The residents of Nørrebro, its associations and visitors have very different expectations and dreams about good urban of Nørrebro and Copenhagen. The hydrological cycle optimizes Copenhagen resource MATURING order to climate-adapt the Hans district, but it isLOCAL equally importantPLAYFUL that CHILDREN city nature makes it nicer for allThe people livesocial andcycle is to strengthen life. That is precisely why we are proposing to work with “open form” - i.e. unprogrammed spaces that can be appropriconsumption, climate-secures the area surrounding purposeto of the commitment GROWTH COMMITMENT Tavsens Park andmove Korsgade, purifiesin thethe water in the lakes The biological cycle willand ensure a diverse, and will also increase to, as well the co-creation the world’s) around neighbourhood. City nature will handle retain rainadaptable water but theasquality of of the city’s ated(and either for spontaneous and temporary events, or more planned, permanent functions. It may e.g. be for Nørrebro’s and makes Copenhagen even greener. unique city nature and natural experiences in the center of well-being. The social cycle is anchored in the district’s instiMIXING micro-climate PIONEERING SPIRIT many associations, institutions or schools, who need a place to flourish. In this way, Hans Tavsens Park and Korsgade water while creating a better and contribute to food growing, noise reduction and lower CO2 emissions, the capital. tutions, including Copenhagen’s first Fablab for CIty Nature. THE BIRTHPLACE OF DIVERSITY
FOCUS ON CO-CREATION
improving air quality - and the quality of life for the residents! CLIMATE ADAPTATION WEATHERINGWITH CITY NATURE COMMUNICATORS GROWTH LOCAL COMMITMENT FLOWERING The entire project area will be climate-adapted using ACTIVITY city nature as its base. Nørrebro has great need of city nature in order to climate-adapt the district, but it is equally important that city nature makes it nicer for all people to live and THE BIOLOGICAL CYCLE SOCIAL CYCLE move around in the neighbourhood. CityTHE nature will handle and retain rain water but will also increase the quality of waterarewhile creating a better andiscontribute to food growing, noiseThe reduction and lower CO2 emissions, Nature’s biological cycles revitalizing, dynamic and micro-climate Nørrebro the most diverse district in Copenhagen. WEATHERING COMMUNICATORS constantly evolving. From the mostair fragile saplings to old density, community feeling and tolerance is quite unique for improving quality and the quality of life for the residents! FLOWERING ACTIVITY hoary trees, new suckers, birdsong, fallen leaves, death and weathering, nature gives us a feeling of being part of something greater. Hans Tavsens THE BIOLOGICAL CYCLE Park will become the birthplace of a biological diversity and variety that will spread to the rest of Nørrebro Copenhagen. PLAYFUL Nature’s and biological cycles areCHILDREN revitalizing, dynamic and
constantly evolving. From the most fragile saplings to old Thehoary biological will ensure a diverse, adaptable andand trees, cycle new suckers, birdsong, fallen leaves, death unique city nature andgives natural in thepart center of weathering, nature us aexperiences feeling of being of somePIONEERING SPIRIT thething capital. FOCUS ONPark CO-CREATION greater. Hans Tavsens will become the birthplace
the district. But in busy everyday life, new communities often have a hard time. The social cycle should increase everyday happiness in Nørrebro THE SOCIAL CYCLE by promoting large and small communities across social resources, generations, sex and race.
Nørrebro is the most diverse district in Copenhagen. The Thedensity, purposecommunity of the social cycle and is totolerance strengthen feeling is commitment quite unique for to, the as well as the of thelife, city’s the world’s) district. Butco-creation in busy everyday new(and communities often well-being. The social cycle is anchored in the district’s instihave a hard time. The social cycle should increase everyday tutions, including Copenhagen’s first Fablab for CIty Nature. happiness in Nørrebro by promoting large and small com-
of a biological diversity and varietyAS that will spread to the rest COPENHAGEN’S munitiesFIRST across social resources, generations, sex and race. SCHOOLS DRIVERS AND FABLAB FOR URBAN NATURE of Nørrebro and Copenhagen. There is a huge potential for using the area’s institutions and schools as drivers for the entire urban development of LOCAL COMMITMENT The purpose of the social cycle is to strengthen commitment the early age, must learn to of betheactive co-creators The biological cycle willdistrict. ensure a From diverse,an adaptable and kids from Nørrebro to, as well as the co-creation city’s (and the world’s) of the Nørrebro cycle and its city unique city nature nature. and naturalThe experiences in the center of social cycle is anchored district’s insti- Korsgadehallen and the manned Blågård School, Nørrebro Parkwell-being. School, The HTØ and HTV, Et Friein the Gymnasium, the capital. tutions, including Copenhagen’s first Fablab for CIty Nature.
playgrounds can all play an active role in the development. To make this a reality, we will introduce a new institutional focal point: Copenhagen’s first FABLAB for City Nature. FABLAB is an urban exploratorium, which will be placed beCOMMUNICATORS tween HTØAS and the Blågård School. Here, city nature ofFABLAB the future willURBAN be co-created! SCHOOLS DRIVERS AND COPENHAGEN’S FIRST FOR NATURE ACTIVITY 10 There is a huge potential for using the area’s institutions and schools as drivers for the entire urban development of THE SOCIAL CYCLE the district. From an early age, kids from Nørrebro must learn to be active co-creators of the Nørrebro cycle and its city nature. The Blågård School, Nørrebro Park School, HTØ and HTV, Et Frie Gymnasium, Korsgadehallen and the manned Nørrebro is the most diverse district in Copenhagen. The playgrounds can all play density, community feeling and tolerance is quite uniquean foractive role in the development. To make this a reality, we will introduce a new institutional the district. But in busyfocal point: Copenhagen’s first FABLAB for City Nature. FABLAB is an urban exploratorium, which will be placed beeveryday life, new communities often have a hard time. The social cycle should increase everyday HTØ and the Blågård School. Here, city nature of the future will be co-created! happiness in Nørrebrotween 10 by promoting large and small communities across social resources, generations, sex and race. The purpose of the social cycle is to strengthen commitment to, as well as the co-creation of the city’s (and the world’s) well-being. The social cycle is anchored in the district’s insti-
will take shape according to the wishes of the users and their commitment, and will grow and develop organically together with the citizens. OnCOPENHAGEN’S the sides with precipitation areas, FOR possible scenarios are exemplified. DIFFERENCES FOR ALLAND SCHOOLS AS DRIVERS FIRST FABLAB URBAN NATURE The residents Nørrebro,for itsusing associations and visitors have different expectations dreams good urban There is a hugeofpotential the area’s institutions andvery schools as drivers for the and entire urbanabout development of life.district. That is From precisely why age, we are proposing to workmust with learn “opentoform” - i.e. co-creators unprogrammed spaces thatcycle can be approprithe an early kids from Nørrebro be active of the Nørrebro and its city ated either spontaneous and temporary events,HTØ or more planned, permanent functions. It may e.g.and be for nature. The for Blågård School, Nørrebro Park School, and HTV, Et Frie Gymnasium, Korsgadehallen theNørrebro’s manned many associations, institutions or schools, who need a place to flourish. In this way, Hans Tavsens Park and Korsgade playgrounds can all play an active role in the development. To make this a reality, we will introduce a new institutional will take shape accordingAND to theCOPENHAGEN’S wishes of the users and FABLAB their commitment, and will grow and develop organically focal point: Copenhagen’s first FABLAB for City Nature. FABLAB is an urban exploratorium, which will be placed beSCHOOLS AS DRIVERS FIRST FOR URBAN NATURE together with citizens. On the sides with scenarios are exemplified. tween HTØ andthe the Blågård School. Here, cityprecipitation nature of FABLAB theareas, futurepossible will URBAN be co-created! SCHOOLS AS DRIVERS AND COPENHAGEN’S FIRST FOR NATURE 10 There is a huge potential for using the area’s institutions and schools as drivers for the entire urban development of the district. From an early age, kids from Nørrebro must learn to be active co-creators of the Nørrebro cycle and its city nature. The Blågård School, Nørrebro Park School, HTØ and HTV, Et Frie Gymnasium, Korsgadehallen and the manned playgrounds can all play an active role in the development. To make this a reality, we will introduce a new institutional focal point: Copenhagen’s first FABLAB for City Nature. FABLAB is an urban exploratorium, which will be placed beLINKS tween HTØ and the Blågård School. Here, city nature of the future will be co-created! 10Both the physical and visual links between Hans Tavsens Park, Korsgade and their context will be improved so that the area is made more accessible, both physically and mentally. It is important that the project is integrated as closely as possible with the environment so that the site will continue to be perceived as open and including, all the way from Jagtvej to Peblinge Lake. But cross-links are also important. The side streets will be connected to the area with the creation of new spaces, and the special energy contained in the urban life of Rantzausgade will be connected to the project area. LINKS LINKS Nørrebro Both the physical and visual links between Hans Tavsens Park, Korsgade and61theirBlue-Green context willInfrastructure be improved so that the area is made more accessible, both physically and mentally. It is important that the project is integrated as closely as possible with the environment so that the site will continue to be perceived as open and including, all the way from Jagtvej to Peblinge Lake. But cross-links are also important. The side streets will be connected to the area with the creation of new spaces, and the special energy contained in the urban life of Rantzausgade will be connected to the project area.
will take sha together wit DIFFERENC The residen life. That is ated either many assoc will take sh together wi
LINKS Both the phy area is made possible with to Peblinge L new spaces, LINKS Both the phy area is made possible with to Peblinge L new spaces,
CHAPTER 05 The site: San Miguelito node, a future centrality?
62
P9. San Miguelito. Satelite view 64
FIGURE GROUND PLAN
P9. San Miguelito. Site 66
San Miguelito node
P11. Render of the Metro Station line 2 with the existing station behind.
M11. Metro lines.
San Miguelito Node - Intersectimon of 2 metro stations. line 1 and line 2 The main characteristic of this node is its condition of transition point. In this area is the intersection of two main avenues, so people stop here and they change to other buses, taxis or the subway in order to arrive to their jobs or houses. The commercial activity is also relevant; we can find supermarkets, commercial centers and informal peddlers along the sidewalks in all its perimeter. This district has a population of 315,000 inhabitants, most of them live in slums and face problems of insecurty, transportation, health and garbage collection. On the other hand this node has the potential for be the gate for this district and an example for the other centers that the Municipality propose. A new vision can be develope, maybe with “offices parks�, new types of housign blocks, sustainable, more walkable and also with less cars.
68
P12. View of the Metro Station line 1
70
P13. View of the Metro Station line 1
San miguelito: Specific problems
72
LAND USE - PROBLEM
SEGREGATION GATED COMMUNITIES
LACK OF
INFORMAL
RECREATIONAL
DESORGANIZED
SPACES
SETTELMENTS
A
B
EMPTY
ISOLATED
PLOTS
USES
Land use problemss
Residential Commercial Industry Infrastructure - health - education - public services Other - small services - empty plots Leisure - culture - religious Creek
74
Empty plots and insudtrial buildings
76
A
B
Bridge and informal settelments
MOBILITY - PROBLEM
8
10
MAIN
6
AVENUE SEPARATING
9 7
NO
11
NO
PEDESTRIAN
A
CONNECTIVITY
LINES
5
JAMS
BUS SYSTEM
3
B
TRAFFIC
INEFFICIENT
2 Mobility problemss
1
SUBWAY STATION BUS STATION RADIO: 500 m.
78
4
WALKING PATH 5 min = 400 m. 1. 560 m. - 7 min. 2. 1300 m. - 17 min. 3. 530 m. - 7 min. 4. 590 m. - 8 min. 5. 240 m. - 3 min. 6. 650 m. - 8 min.
7. 380 m. - 5 min. 8. 610 m. - 8 min. 9. 380 m. - 5 min. 10. 580 m. - 7 min. 11. 200 m. - 2,5 min.
No pedestrian path ways in the site.
80
A
Inefficient bus transportation system
B
CUTTING ELEMENTS
ELEMENTS THAT CUT IN 4 PIECES THE AREA
Aereal view of the cutting elements.
0
Main avenues: Ave. Ricardo j. Alfaro and Ave. Transistmica
10 50
100
Bridge for cars
Metro line 1
Remove part of the buildings and reprogram others is part of the strategy for create a new centrality around the station. For this, is necesary take care and analize the different social-economical forces that have shaped the urban fabric of the area for mantain and improve the economy of this sector and also for avoid the gentrification, a phenomena that is present in every urban intervention. 82
View of the road, bridge and metro line 1.
CLIMATE CHANGE - PROBLEM
CO2 EMISSIONS BY CARS
AREA OF FLOODING
A LOT OF TRASH
RISK
ON THE STREES
Areas of flooding risk.
Climate change problemss
Areas of flooding risk.
84
The trash is wasted in the river
EXISTING BUILDINGS
0
Existing buildings
86
10 50
100
Supermarket, parking lot and hospital
Area for the future station of the Line 2 and informal settelments
88
Main commercial buildings along the avenue.
>>
SPACES FOR OPPORTUNITIES
general program
IDENTIFY BY THE METRO OFFICE OF PANAMA
0
100
Zones for opportunities next to the metro stations: density - multimodal
Streams and creeks: ecological recovery and risk mitigation
Spaces for big developments
Zones for reconvertion of uses
Connection with the hospital
Pedestrian collectors to the stations
Informal settelments, problems of morphology and functionality
Area of influence of the metro
Space for mixed use, pedestrian lane Spaces for green zones
90
10 50
Metro station line 1 - existing Metro station line 2 - future
0
100 10 50
Underground parking
Squares
Intermodal station
Institutional, educational, cultural
Park and green areas
Housing
Commercial
Offices
>>
GENERAL PLAN OF BUILDINGS TO BE REMOVED
3
3
2 1 2 1
3
2
3 1 1
1
1 1
Aereal view. North west.
2
3
2
3
2 1
0
Buildings to be removed
10 50
100
Area of intervention
3
Aereal view. East.
After the identification of the zones for intervention, was delimitated the area of intervention identifying laso the buildings that could be removed and reprogramed. For create a new centrality around the station, is necesary take care and analize the different social-economical forces that have shaped the urban fabric of the area for mantain and improve the economy of this sector, densify it and also for avoid the gentrification, a phenomena that is present in every urban intervention. 92
1
Forces that shape the urban fabric 1. Commercial 2. Housing: informal settelments 3. Industrial
1 1
CHAPTER 06 Proposal: new centrality
94
identification of the zones for intervention B - Densify - Organize Mixed use development with high buildings for housing. Existing use: informal settelment
A - Large green space green belt along and around the creek for mitigate the risk of floods
D - Addition Organize the space of the existing supermarket and add more layers for laisure activities. Existing use: commercial F - New Program Area for institutional development related to the hospital and mixed use. Existing use: empty space with small commerce and industry.
C - Reconversion Change the land use of the area along the green belt. Existing uses: commercial and industruial
E - Reconversion - Connect Connect the two main avenues with a new office park and mixed uses. E - Reconversion - Connect Large green area: use the lower part of the hill for a park. Existing uses: houses and commerce.
E - Reconversion - Connect Connect the two main avenues with a new office park and mixed uses.
D - Addition Add more layers on top of the existing commercial building. Existing use: commercial
96
a - LARGE GREEN SPACE - green belt
Creek in the 2 conditions - existing urban fabric affected by the flood
Creek in the normal level 98
Creek expanded - flooded
Creek in the 2 conditions - proposal of green belt along the creek
Green belt along the creek for mitigate the risk of flood
B - DENSIFY - ORGANIZE
2 Group all the houses in the north east corner and give back to the creek the space for water expansion.
1 Informal settelments and houses around the creek will be removed.
Existing morphology
Existing type of house single unit, around 500 houses
100
New type of block
New type of housing building. Mixed use
C - RECONVERSION
1 Buildings with different uses like industry and commercial. to be removed. Different shapes, heights and sizes.
102
2 New buildings with mixed uses organized along the green belt. Propose buildings with the similar shapes, heights, sizes and conntec to the green belt.
D - addition
New layers on top of the supermarket for leisure activities
Shopping center Supermarket
Add more space for the supermarket in front Supermarket Remove part of the supermarket for allow a better connectivity
1 The supermarket and the shopping center are buildings that can allow additions in their program for densify the area and develop different activities. Also, removing selected parts of the buildings allow a better connectivity between blocks.
104
2 New layers added in the supermarket and the shopping center.
Mantain the existing shopping center New layer on top of shopping center
E - RECONVERSION - CONNECT
1 Buildings with differen uses to be removed: houses, industry and commercial. This allow the connecton between the two main avenues and the use of the lower part of the hill as a green public space.
106
2 New buildings with mixed uses organize along the hill. Office park as a conecctor.
f - new program
1 Next to the hospital is an empty space with some industrial buildings with no relation with the activities around the hospital.
108
2 Add a new program that include institutional, educational and cultural activities related to the hosptal.
EXISTING - VISION - OUTCOME
EXISTING USES
A
B
USERS
INFORMAL SETTELMENTS
RESIDENTS
INFORMAL ECONOMY
TENANTS
COMMERCE
SELLERS
HOUSES
CLIENTS
INFORMAL SETTELMENTS
RESIDENTS
INFORMAL ECONOMY INSTITUTONAL RELIGIOUS
TENANTS SELLERS
VISION
NEW USES AND SPACES NEW GREEN BELT
LARGE GREEN SPACE
PEDESTRIAN PATH SPACE FOR CREEK EXPANSION PARK
MIXED USE DEVELOPMENT NEW TYPE OF BLOCKS DENSIFY - ORGINIZE
NEW TYPE OF HOUSING NEW COMMERCE
CLIENTS
OLD COMMERCE ORGINIZED
NEW USERS
RESIDENTS VISITORS NEW TENANTS
OLD RESIDENTS NEW RESIDENTS SELLERS CLIENTS
NEW COMMERCE COMMERCE C
INDUSTRY OLD GALLERIES
SELLERS CLIENTS
INTERMODAL STATION RECONVERSION
LEISURE
LEISURE
D
E
SELLERS
SUPERMARKET
CLIENTS
INDUSTRY INFORMAL HOUSING HILL
HOSPITAL F
110
INDUSTRY COMMERCE
NEW RESIDENTS CLIENTS
OLD COMMERCE ORGINIZED
COMMERCE
COMMERCE
MIXED USE DEVELOPMENT
SELLERS CLIENTS RESIDENTS
ADDITION
RECONVERSION AND CONNECT
SELLERS CLIENTES
NEW RESIDENTS
BUILDINGS FOR HOUSES AND LEISURE ACTIVITIES
VISITORS
NEW OFFICE PARK MIXED USE GREEN AREA AROUD THE HILL
CLIENTS
NEW RESIDENTS WORKERS OF THE OFFICE PARK
DOCTORS
DR. PATIENTES
NEW LAYERS ON TOP OF THE
NEW PROGRAM
INSTITUTIONAL
SPECIALIST
EDUCATIONAL
RESEARCHERS
HEALTH
PROFFESORS STUDENTS
URBAN SITES OF PANAMA CITY
URBAN FABRIC REFERENCES
2 1
Panama City has two great examples of urban qualites. The frist one is the Old Town whcih was founded by the Spanish in 1673 and the second is the Exposicion Town inaugurated in 1916 by the Republican Gouverment. Main carachtristics: - compact - walkable - several public spaces - wide pedestrian path ways - streets well connected - densify - green spaces and trees These caractheristicits are suitable for any new urban intervention and can be reflected in the master plan of the project.
112
OLD TOWN OF PANAMA
BLOCK PATTERN - SQUARE AND STREETS CONNECTIONS
1
A
2
A‘
3 0
10
50
0
100
Figure ground plan showing the grid pattern.
10
50
100
Preexisting streets and connection between squares. The distribuition of the sqaures and the short distances
75 30
25 25
65 85
45 80
Aprox. height 15 m. and 20 m.
between them makes the old town very walkable.
40 65
85
1.50
114
5.00
1.50
A
A‘
Walking time aprox 5 min. x 400 m. Square 1 to square 2: 500 m. = 7 min. Square 2 to square 3: 450 m. = 5 min.
Radio 250 m.
OLD TOWN OF PANAMA
View of one of the main squares in the Old Town.
116
Typical street and sidewalk in the Old Town.
LA EXPOSICION 1916
BLOCK PATTERN - SQUARE AND STREETS CONNECTIONS
1
B
2
3
B‘
0
10
50
0
100
Figure ground plan showing the grid pattern.
60
13 30
110 50 15
110
110
118
13
65
100
65
50
70
50
Preexisting streets and connection between squares.The orthogonal grid is well organized and connected in a aperpendicular way to the bay.
Aprox. height 20 m. and 30 m.
30 13
10
65
7.00
10.00
B
B‘
Walking time aprox 5 min. x 400 m. Basilic 1 to square 2: 180 m. = 2.5 min.
7.00
Square 2 to the bay 3 : 500 m. = 7 min.
Radio 250 m.
LA EXPOSICION 1916
Boulevard towards the bay of Panama.
120
View of the main square and it relation with the buildings.
MASTER PLAN
7 16
4 4 18
17
18 1 1
9
13 9
12
9
15
11 1
14 8
2 2
9
7
10 9
8
1. SQUArES 2. InSTITUTIOnAL BUILDInG 3. InTErMODAL STATIOn 4. HOUSInG 5. nEW SQUArE - OLD PArKInG 6. HOUSInG ADITIOn On TOP FLOOr 7. GrEEn COrrIDOr 8. PArK 9. OFFICES - MIXED USE BUILDInGS
3
6
4
NEW BUILDINGS
9
9
GREEN AREA 5
7
SQUARES PEDESTRIAN ADECUATION, MIXED USE, HIGH BUILDINGS
122
10. HILL 11. SUPErMArKET - EXISTInG 12. CULTUrAL BUILDInG 13. SQUArE AnD PArKInG UnDErGrOUnD 14. METrO STATIOn L 1 - EXISTInG 15. METrO STATIOn L 2 - UnDEr COnSTrUCTIOn 16. rESEArCH CEnTEr 17. LIBrArY - EDUCATIOnAL CEnTEr 18. MIXED USE BUILDInGS
124
PEDESTRIAN AND PUBLIC SPACES PLAN
NEW BUILDINGS GREEN AREA SQUARES PEDESTRIAN ADECUATION, MIXED USE, HIGH BUILDINGS
126
ISOMETRIC
128
URBAN GREEN SPACES and squares The urban green spaces are divided in two: 1. large green spaces which include the green belt and the hill. 2. the courtyards. The vision is to bring back the nature the area that belong to it and try to decrease the Urban Heast Islan effect. Planting trees in the courtyards and in the large green spaces can contribute to improve the temperatures in the grund floor.
Large green spaces Courtyards Saquares
130
132
134
136
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BOOKS
ARTICLES
1. Mau, Bruce, Leonard, Jennifer and the Institute without boundaries. Massive Change. London: Phaidon, 2004
1. Borsdorf, Axel. Hacia la Ciudad Fragmentada. Trempanas estructuras segregadas en la Ciudad Latinoamericana (Towards the Fragmented City. Early segregated structures in the Latin American city) Scripta Nova (August 2003) http://www.ub.edu/geocrit/sn/sn-146(122). htm
2. Brand, Stewart. Whole Earth Discipline. London: Penguin, 2009 . 3. Brand, Stewart. Clock of the long now. New York: Basic Books, 1999 4. Toffler, Alvin. “Rise of the prosumer”. In The Third Wave. New York: Bantam Books, 1980 5. Florida, Richard. The Rise of the Creative Class. New York: Basic Books, 2002 6. Jacobs, Jane. The Death and Life of Great American Cities. New York: Random House, 1961 7. Böttger, Matthias et al., Speculations Transformations, thoughts on the Future of Germanys Cities 8. Glaeser, Edward. Triumph of the City. New York: The Penguin Press, 2011 9. Rossi, Aldo. The Architecture of the City. revised for the American Edition by Aldo Rossi and Peter Eisenman:The MIT Press, 1982 10. Koolhaas, Rem. Delirious New York, A Retroactive Manifesto for Manhattan: The MonacellI Press. Inc. 1978
138
2. Samper, Jota. Toward an epistemology of the form of the Informal city: Mapping the process of informal city making. Informal Settlements Research ISR (July 2012) http:// informalsettlements.blogspot.de/2012/07/toward-epistemology-of-form-of-informal.html 3. Mackres, Eric. 4 Surprising Ways Energy-Efficient Buildings Benefit Cities. The City Fix (May 2016) http://www.ub.edu/geocrit/sn/sn-146(122).htm 4. Carrasquilla, Olmedo. Análisis sobre la situación ecoambiental en Panamá (Analysis of the eco-environmental situation in Panama) Ecoportal.net (June 2008) http://www.ecoportal.net/ Temas-Especiales/Politica/Analisis_sobre_la_situacion_ecoambiental_en_Panama 5. Gordon, Carlos. Dispersión urbana en Ciudad de Panamá (Urban sprawl in Panama City) Mapeando Panama (March 2013) http://mapeandopanama.blogspot.de/2013/03/dispersionurbana-en-ciudad-de-panama.html 6. Lopez, Maria. Panama, ciudad de contrastes e incierto futuro (Panama, city of contrast and uncertain future) La Ciudad Viva (October 2012) http://www.laciudadviva.org/blogs/?p=14997
I Dessau International Architecture School Anhalt University Department 3 2017