YEAR 4 DESIGN STUDIO PROJECT: TO CARE FACULTY FOR ARCHAEOLOGY / VISITOR CENTER, GOVAN, WATER ROW
LUKAS POLIKEVICIUS APRIL 2017 Y4 UNIT 1B
CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 PURPOSE OF THE DOCUMENT 1.2 PROJECT BRIEF 1.3 ARCHAEOLOGY
2 ARCHITECTURAL RESEARCH 2.1 ARCHAEOLOGY IN SCOTLAND 2.2 ARCHAEOLOGICAL EXCAVATIONS IN GOVAN 2.3 RELEVANT AND SIGNIFICANT BUILDINGS IN GLASGOW 2.3 HISTORIC GOVAN TIMELINE GOVAN STONES DOOMSTER HILL 2.4 DEMOGRAPHICS
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3 DEVELOMENT 3.1 SITE OPTIONS OPTION 1 OPTION 2 3.2 SITE DIAGRAMS 3.3 CONCEPT DIAGRAMS 3.4 DESIGN DEVELOPMENT: SEMESTER ONE
TO CARE: FACULTY FOR ARCHAEOLOGY / VISITOR CENTER
GOVAN
WATER ROW
4 DESIGN 4.1 PROPOSED SITE PLAN 4.2 SCHEDULE OF ACCOMMODATION 4.3 CONSTRUCTION DETAILS 4.4 PLANS GROUND FLOOR FIRST FLOOR SECOND FLOOR THIRD FLOOR 4.5 SECTIONS 4.6 ELEVATIONS CONTEXT NORTH WEST SOUTH EAST 4.7 VISUALS
1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 PURPOSE OF THE DOCUMENT Design and access statement has been prepared to support the development of the site in Govan , what is, at the moment, a car park in the corner of Water Row and River Clyde. The document provides with the information achieved through site and context analysis, which gives foundation for design process and outlines the final proposal for the development of Faculty for Archaeology in Govan. 1.2 PROJECT BRIEF Main aim for this projects, is to design an educational and community friendly place within Govan, that will reflect on fading and neglected historic past, while keeping tight connection with present and the rest of Glasgow. To achieve that building design is highly influenced by: ARCHAEOLOGY- part of a design narrative, a process through the building SITE- a historic standing ground for Doomster hil, Govan stones uncovered by archaeological digs across the water row COMMUNITY- this building will be a connection between govan and the rest of Glassgow The building will be a place for resident researchers in Glasgow or from Scotland , while open to post- doctorate and post-graduate students to use the facilities. As well, it will house a visitor center with all the information needed on archaeology in Govan, Scotland and general. 1.3 ARCHAEOLOGY Archaeology, is the study of human activity through the recovery and analysis of material culture. The archaeological record consists of artifacts, architecture, biofacts or ecofacts, and cultural landscapes. Archaeology can be considered both a social science and a branch of the humanities. Govan was an active medieval burrough, which later became an atractive site for archaelogical digs.
LUKAS POLIKEVICIUS
YEAR4
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GOVAN
WATER ROW
ARCHAEOLOGY IN SCOTLAND
GLASGOW EDUCATIONAL GUARD: Glasgow University Archaeological Reserach Division (Closed) COMPANIES Guard Archaeology Ltd. AOC Archaeology Group Headland Archaeology UK Ltd. Rebecca Shaw Archaeological Services Rathmell Archaeology Ltd. (Kilwinning) RSK Group (environmental consultants) HISTORIC LANDMARKS Govan Parish Church (Govan stones)
EDINBURGH EDUCATIONAL The University Of Edinburgh: School of History, Classics and Archaeology COMPANIES Heritage and Archaeological Research Practice Ltd. The City of Edinburgh Council - Archaeology CgMs Consulting HISTORIC LANDMARKS Wessex Archaeology
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YEAR4
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GOVAN
WATER ROW
ARCHAELOGICAL EXCAVATIONS IN GOVAN
1
1
Uncovered carved stones, that seems to be medieval table legs within Old Parish church grounds during 2006 archaelogical dig.
2
Carved stone slab, Old Parish Church grounds, 2006 dig. These excavations were considered necessary because of the archaeological importance of Water Row. they revealed more about the history of the site.Any future development at Water Row will be affected by what was found.
3
Remains uncovered during excavations at Govan Old burial ground in 1994.
4
A view of a trench looking north into churchyard, during excavations in 1994. The presence of the worked shale strongly suggests that it represents the boundary of the original Christian settlemen.
2
3
4
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YEAR4
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GOVAN
WATER ROW
ARCHAELOGICAL EXCAVATIONS IN GOVAN
1
Section through trenches A and B, from 1994 excavation, made by Glasgow University Archeological Research Division, showing existing modern church yard wall.
2
View of excavation in burial grounds, with remains and excavation visitors from surrounding areas.
3
Plan drawing of trench C that was intended to establish the presenceof any earlier than those historically recorded. Bellow the sequence of paths, were traces of three demolished structures.
1
2
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GOVAN
WATER ROW
RELEVANT + SIGNIFICANT BUILDINGS WITHIN GLASGOW
EDUCATION University Of Glasgow, Westend
CULTURE Kelvingrove Art Gallery and Museum, Westend
CULTURE Riverside Transport Museum, Govan
RELIGION Govan Linthouse Parish Church, Govan
COMMUNITY Pearce Institute, Govan
RELIGION Old Parish Church, Govan
EDUCATION + CULTURE Glasgow Science Centre, Govan
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WATER ROW
TIMELINE
AD 500
AD 500
Around 500, according to tradition, the Christian missionary St Constantine arrives in Govan and builds a small wooden church next to a sacred well and in the shadow of the ceremonial hill. The first Christian Govanites are buried in the heart-shaped burial ground which now surrounds Govan Old Church. The people of Govan and the Clyde Valley in these early times are called ‘Britons’. They’re different from their neighbours, the Scots and Picts, and speak their own language. In this language the name Govan means ‘little hill’.
650
The church and the ceremonial hill at Govan are part of the kingdom of the Clyde Britons which is ruled from Dumbarton Rock. The king of Dumbarton has just won a great victory over the Scots of Dalriada (now Argyll) and has become one of the most powerful kings in the British Isles.
756
A combined army of Picts and Northumbrians attacks Dumbarton and forces the Clyde Britons to surrender. The invaders are recorded as having forded the River Clyde at Govan, and the actual surrender may have taken place in a ceremony on the ancient hill of Govan.
850
Around the mid to late 800s the richly decorated Govan Sarcophagus is carved from a single block of stone. It is a high status burial monument, replete with interlace designs and figurative panels, including a scene portraying a mounted warrior hunting, a symbolic motif which combines ideas of military prowess with the Christian quest for salvation. Whether it was intended to hold the relics of a saint or the bones of a king is impossible to tell, but it is undoubtedly one of the most outstanding pieces of sculpture of its age.
650
756
850
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WATER ROW
870
870
A new power appears in the seas around Britain and Ireland around AD 800 - Viking raiders from Norway and Denmark. In 870 Vikings sail up the Firth of Clyde to plunder the old fortress at Dumbarton. The king of the Britons is captured and killed. But the kingdom manages to survive, and the new king moves up the river to Govan, which becomes the heart of the kingdom. The kingdom itself gets a new name: Strathclyde.
900
A sculptural tradition known as ‘The Govan School’ is believed to have originated in Govan around 900AD. The 38 ‘recumbent’ cross-slabs, 4 free-standing crosses and Norse ‘hogbacks’ displayed in Govan Old Church are all carved during this period. The recumbent cross-slabs are the longest-lived style of monument, spanning c. 900-1100 AD. Taken as a whole, the carved stones are evidence of a major high status, probably royal, cemetery at Govan.
925
The Norse influenced ‘hogback’ burial monuments are thought to have been carved in Govan during this period. The 5 hogbacks in Govan Old Church are the largest known collection in Scotland. They are typically found in areas of northern England settled by Vikings and on the southern Scottish mainland where there was a significant Norse presence.
1000
The kings of Strathclyde are at the height of their power. They rule as far south as the Solway Firth. They and their families worship at the old church of St Constantine at Govan and are buried in the churchyard, their graves being marked by finely carved cross-slabs and ‘Hogback’ stones. The royal palace is sited across the river at Partick, and the ancient hill to the east of the church forms the administrative hub of this new power-base, used for important ceremonies, gatherings and pronouncements.
900
1000
925
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WATER ROW
1050
1050
Around this time, the kingdom of Strathclyde is conquered by the Scots and absorbed into the kingdom of Scotland. The Scottish King, David I, establishes a new diocese based at Glasgow Cathedral (founded 1114), which eclipses the old church and power-base at Govan, and its associations with the British kings. The Scottish kings have no use for the court hill at Govan. They have their own ceremonial mound, at Scone. The royal estate lands at Partick are given over to the Bishops of Glasgow.
1100
The church continues in use as the mother church of Govan parish. The small, rural settlement of Govan grows up around Govan Cross and the north-south axis leading down to the river crossing at Water Row. Old customs die hard and the Govanites of medieval times continue to gather around their hill for public meetings and community events. Law and justice (‘dooms’) are still handed out at this special place. Local people call it the ‘Doomster Hill’ or simply ‘The Hillock’.
1700
The medieval church is replaced by a new church in 1726. The graveyard contains burial markers spanning over 500 years, the eariest of which are typically flat, carved slabs favoured by prominent, local land-owning families. By the eighteenth century, artisans and craftsmen are also buried in the churchyard. The craftsmen prefer a style of upright headstone carved with designs reflecting their craft, e.g. shears for weavers, the trade most commonly commemorated.
1826
Govan Old Church, designed by James Smith of Jordanhill in 1826, and modelled on Stratford-on-Avon, is a familiar landmark in many of the 19th-century images of Govan. By the 1880s, the 1826 church was considered inadequate in size and unfit for the new style of worship favoured by the then-incumbent Reverend John Macleod.
1100
1700
1826
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WATER ROW
1930
1930
Govan’s second age of greatness is at its height – the burgh is an international centre for shipbuilding. By the 1930’s over 30% of the world’s shipping is ‘Clydebuilt’. Doomster Hill has been levelled to make space for the shipyards – no trace of it remains. In 1912, Belfast shipbuilder Harland and Wolff buys three small shipyards in Govan and constructs giant new sheds and slipways on the site of Doomster Hill. The churchyard at Govan is almost entirely surrounded by shipyards.
1938
George MacLeod and his Govan congregation found the Iona Community on the island of Iona and in Govan. Unemployed craftspeople from Govan work to restore the monastic quarters of the Abbey of St Columba on the island. Like Govan’s St Constantine, Columba was an early missionary who brought Christianity to Scotland
1970
In 1971, the Upper Clyde Shipbuilders ‘work in’ at Fairfield and three other yards lasts for more than a year and saves the yards from closure. Following restructuring, Govan Shipbuilders is created in 1972. Today, the yard employs over 2000 workers and is operated by BAE Systems. In 2010, some 800 mourners attend the funeral at Govan Old Church of UCS union leader, Jimmy Reid. The restored A-listed Fairfield Shipyard Offices are due to open in late 2012 as a heritage centre and office spaces.
2012
After years of uncertainty over the future of the church and stones, a new era begins. A new project will bring significant improvements to the display and interpretation of this notable collection and aim to increase visitor numbers and public awareness. The project will take advantage of the increasing recognition given to the heritage of Govan; the archaeology and history of Govan is now one of the major themes in Glasgow City Council’s Local History and Archaeology Strategy.(pictured Ann Nisbet studio instalation “Ghost of Govan” on water row, 2012)
1938
1970
2012
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GOVAN
WATER ROW
GOVAN STONES
Govan has a long and largely-forgotten history as one of the earliest seats of Christianity in Scotland and the main church of the Kingdom of Strathclyde, the lost kingdom of the northern Britons. In AD 870, Vikings, who had been based in Dublin, destroyed Dumbarton at the mouth of the Clyde, which had been a major power centre in the centuries after the Romans departed from Britain. As a result Govan, further up the river, took on a crucial role in the new kingdom of warrior chieftains that emerged to resist the Vikings. It is thought that the church at Govan may have been the main one for the kingdom of Strathclyde. The Govan Stones are a collection of 31 recumbent grave stones, hogback stones and one remarkable sarcophagus (4) from this period of history when warfare instigated by the Norse transformed the political landscape of Britain. 1
2
There had been 45 stones (2 marked finding locations) but a number were lost in the 1980s when the site of the neighbouring Harland and Wolff shipyard was demolished. It is thought the stones from the 10th and 11th centuries, which had been lined up against a wall, were removed along with debris from the shipyard. The most imposing monuments in the Govan collection are the five massive sandstone blocks, commonly known as the “hogbacks�(3). The solid stone blocks are not, as the name might suggest, representations of pigs but stones which are designed to make the tombs of the dead look like mighty buildings in the Norse style. The hogbacks are found exclusively in areas of northern Britain settled by Vikings - southern Scotland, Cumbria and Yorkshire - and the Govan examples are by far the largest. The bow-sided shape of the hogbacks is similar to the classic Viking house and the interlace patterns on them are also very Scandinavian in origin, according to Prof Stephen Driscoll, professor of historical archaeology at Glasgow University. The tombstones at Govan were reused in the 17th and 18th centuries by local worthies, such as the Rowand family and William Bogle, whose name is inscribed into one of the ancient stones. One of the stones was found in Jordanhill, on the other side of the river, where it had stood in the garden of one of the parishioners who had been given it as a gift. Though there has probably been a church on the site since the 6th century, the current Govan Old Church(1 view from above in 1970s) was only built in 1888 and is no longer in use as a parish church.
3
4
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WATER ROW
DOOMSTER HILL
Doomster Hill – an early medieval court hill, which is believed to have been located somewhere between Govan Old Parish Church and Water Row. A court hill is a designated place where legal proceedings were conducted. Indeed, the term ‘Doomster’ is believed to derive from ‘Dempster’ – the name given to the legal officer who pronounced sentence, whose origin is in Celtic law. Its height and prominence in the small early medieval village of Govan marked it out as a place of public assembly, where public business may have been conducted; and lends credence to the view that the site would have been appropriated by the Kings of Strathclyde as the chosen spot to hold court between c.9001100 AD, following the sack of Dumbarton Rock by the Vikings in 870. As Govan experienced enormous economic and physical development in the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries with the birth of shipbuilding and industry, much of the physical evidence of the parish’s early medieval history was destroyed. However, recent archaeological excavations coupled with historic art and maps has enabled us to build a picture of what Doomster Hill looked like and postulate as to its role in the community. It is believed that the name ‘Govan’ has its origins in an early British dialect. The hypothesis states that gwo/go means ‘small’ and ban ‘hill’. Given Govan’s relatively flat topography, it seems reasonable to suggest that the parish could have taken its name from this ancient, manmade landmark.
Brotchie, 1916, 23
During the industrial development of the area, a dye works came to exist around Doomster Hill, which led to a reservoir being dug into it to provide a water source. Writing in 1845 shortly before the Hill was leveled completely, Reverend Leishman of Govan Old Parish Church noted that during the digging of the reservoir fragments of human bone and shards of oak had been discovered. This led him to hypothesise that the Hill had once been the burial site of an ancient and long forgotten hero - an account which has captured the minds of modern historians and archaeologists and provided added impetus to locating the Hill once and for all. HOLY WELL During the excavations for the laying of the foundations of the Pearce Institute the workmen unearthed an ancient well within a few yards of the Govan Road. It was dry, but the stonework was in perfect condition. The stones were all hand-wrought and presented every appearance of great age. The well was bottle-shaped, broad at the bottom and narrow at the mouth, and was about ten feet in depth. It was found about eight feet below the present level of the ground. There is no trace in any of the old maps of the district of a well being there, and within memory of the oldest inhabitant there has never been a well at that spot, nor was there any tradition telling of it. (Brotchie, 1905, 288)
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GOVAN
WATER ROW
DEMOGRAPHICS POPULATION
The overall population of Greater Govan stayed roughly the same between 1996 and 2012. There was a decrease in the 015 and 65 and over age groups, with an increase over the period in the 16-44 and 45-54 age groups. The percentage of the total neighbourhood population from a minority ethnic group increased from 2% in 2001 to 9% in 2011, but remained below the Glasgow average from 2001 to 2011. Area has a high proportion of people claiming out of work benefits
EDUCATION
Number of adults with higher education is low
EDUCATION
People in govan are generally in good health, although 1/3 are limited by disability
POVERTY
Women live on avarage live 8 years longer than men 70% of population is economicaly active The avarage household size in Govan is 1.87
ECONOMY
44% of household with children are single parent 37% of household are owner occupiers Flat is the most common housing type in Govan
Data sources: Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation (SIMD) 2012, Census 2011, Census 2001, HMRC, NOMIS, National Records of Scotland (NRS) and Scottish Government.
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SITE OPTIONS
Option 1
Site was picked as an initial site for the project beginning for its location ant position next to graving docks. Early stage of concept ideas, did not make it a strong choice, which lead to more broad research of the subject. Pros: closer connection with glasgow Cons: not suitable for subject
Option 2
Final site option, most suitable to its position and historical value.
LUKAS POLIKEVICIUS
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WATER ROW
OPTION 1
1
1
Initial scheme for building underlines the need for division of private research sector and public area, with an overlaping shared space of the building.
2
Main base for design is a shape of close by graving docks and the proportions of its size.
2
OPTION 2
3
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3
New building scheme based on historic events around the site suggested new space additions to design and oit few other areas.
4
Initial scheme for a site plan.
1
TRAVEL ROUTES Primary routes (buses, bicycles,cars, pedestrians) Secondary routes (bicycles,cars, pedestrians)
1800
1930
1
Subway track (from and to govan)
1890
Ferry (from and to govan)
2
SITE CONFIGURATION THROUGH TIME
3
AREAS
1980
2
Residential Industrial Significant buildings
4
3
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SUNPATH + NOISIEST AREAS
SITE DIAGRAMS
Existing church on the boundries of a site is a major factor influencing the shape of the design.
Green space across the Water Row is a counter balance for a heavy structure.
Proposed structure will form enclosed urban square with existing church building and Water Row 1 tenement building.
A sculpture marking a boundry of doomster hill
LUKAS POLIKEVICIUS
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GOVAN
WATER ROW
CONCEPT DIAGRAMS
1
1
Section view of water well, that’s been discovered during the construction of Pearce institute, is a direct influence for designs’ open atrium in the middle.
2
The building wraps around an open void, which in section reminds a medieval water well, as well it represents a volume of a church oposite of site.
3/4
Procession through the building is an idea of archaeological excavation.
2
3
4
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The building is located on the center of what is believed to be the center of Doomster Hill.
The church is a significant building on the site, that is taken into account in design process. It represents the community of Govan.
The basic needs and requirements for the faculty of archaeology coming together into most basic and simple shape.
The building is positioned the way its main facade is creating a square, also respecting the presence of the water row.
The two buildings are framing a view towards River Clyde from water row.
Volume of a church is used to create an atrium space within the building.
LUKAS POLIKEVICIUS
YEAR4
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GOVAN
WATER ROW
DESIGN DEVELOPMENT: SEMESTER ONE
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YEAR4
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GOVAN
WATER ROW
DESIGN DEVELOPMENT: SEMESTER ONE
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GOVAN
WATER ROW
PROPOSED SITE PLAN
1:1000
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SCHEDULE OF ACCOMODATION
PLANT ROOM + LARGE STORAGE AREA
500 m² + 530 m²
RESEARCH LABS FOR NON RESIDENTS
160 m²
STAFF ROOM + KITCHEN
60 m²
POST GRADUATE STUDENT LABS
100 m²
OFFICES
90 m²
POST GRADUATE STUDENT LABS
150 m²
THIRD FLOOR Labs for post graduate students working on various projects are located on this floor. As well is a lab for non resident researchers. Also offices and staff room are located on this floor.
SECOND FLOOR SMALL LECTURE ROOM
200 m²
POST EXCAVATION PROCESSING
100 m²
RESIDENT RESEARCH LABS
130 m²
Lecture room located on this floor is for department of archaeology use only, with more flexible space to accommodate different needs. The floor also has a laboratory fro post excavation processing and research labs for department resident students/ staff.
FIRST FLOOR LARGE LECTURE ROOM
330 m²
CONSERVATION PLANNING OFFICE
130 m²
The large lecture theater located on this floor is mainly to be used as a venue for lectures and seminars that are not held by the department of archaeology. The floor also contains a space for conservation planning office.
GROUND FLOOR GALLERY
330 m²
RECEPTION
30 m²
CAFE / BAR
140 m²
Open for general public, to enlighten community with running exhibitions of recent archaeological discoveries from around the world, supposedly by the faculty. Cafe / bar remain open out-with the visitor center opening times.
BUILDING TOTAL (CIRCULATION INCLUDED) 6725 m²
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CONSTRUCTION DETAILS
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GROUND FLOOR
2
4
1
3
4
5 5 5
1 EXHIBITION SPACE 2 RECEPTION / OFFICE 3 BAR 4 CAFE SEATING AREA 5 WC
1:200 LUKAS POLIKEVICIUS
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FIRST FLOOR 4
2
1
5 3 5 3
5 3
1 LARGE LECTURE ROOM 2 CONSERVATION PLANNING OFFICE 3 WC 4 STORAGE 1:200 LUKAS POLIKEVICIUS
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SECOND FLOOR 4
1
3
2
5 5 5
1 POST EXCAVATION PROCESSING 2 SMALL LECTURE ROOM / FLEXIBLE SPACE 3 RESIDENT RESEARCH LAB 4 STORAGE 5 WC
1:200 LUKAS POLIKEVICIUS
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THIRD FLOOR 3
1
8
7 9
1 6 9
2
4 9
3
3
5 5 5
1 POST GRAD 2 LABS FOR NON RESIDENTS 3 STORAGE 4 DEPT. DIRECTOR OFFICE 6 ASSISTANTS OFFICE 7 RESEARCH LEADERS OFFICE 8 FINANCE 9 MEETING ROOMS 5 WC
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SECTIONS
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GOVAN
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SECTIONS
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GOVAN
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SECTIONS
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GOVAN
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SECTIONS
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WEST ELEVATION
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NORTH ELEVATION
1:200 LUKAS POLIKEVICIUS
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EAST ELEVATION
1:200 LUKAS POLIKEVICIUS
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SOUTH ELEVATION
1:200 LUKAS POLIKEVICIUS
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YEAR4
TO CARE: FACULTY FOR ARCHAEOLOGY / VISITOR CENTER
GOVAN
WATER ROW
LUKAS POLIKEVICIUS
YEAR4
TO CARE: FACULTY FOR ARCHAEOLOGY / VISITOR CENTER
GOVAN
WATER ROW
LUKAS POLIKEVICIUS
YEAR4
TO CARE: FACULTY FOR ARCHAEOLOGY / VISITOR CENTER
GOVAN
WATER ROW
LUKAS POLIKEVICIUS
YEAR4
TO CARE: FACULTY FOR ARCHAEOLOGY / VISITOR CENTER
GOVAN
WATER ROW
LUKAS POLIKEVICIUS
YEAR4
TO CARE: FACULTY FOR ARCHAEOLOGY / VISITOR CENTER
GOVAN
WATER ROW