Acknowledgments

Dorling Kindersley would like to thank: Debra Wolters for proofreading, Helen Peters for indexing, Micah WalterRange, director of research and analysis, Space Foundation, for advice on space exploration, and Rhonda Black, director of Aboriginal Studies Press (ASP), Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies (AIATSIS) for help on Australia.

The publisher would like to thank the following for their kind permission to reproduce their photographs: (Key: a-above; b-below/bottom; c-center; f-far; l-left; r-right; t-top)

2 Dreamstime.com: Borna Mirahmadian (tr). 3 Alamy Images: The Keasbury-Gordon Photograph Archive (tc). Getty Images: Don Bayley / E+ (tl). NASA: (tr). 4–5 Dreamstime. com: Borna Mirahmadian. 6 Science Photo Library: P.Plailly / E.Daynes (tl). 7 Getty Images: MyLoupe / UIG (br). 8 Alamy Images: M&G Therin-Weise / age fotostock Spain, S.L. (cl). Dorling Kindersley: Zygote Media Group (bc). Getty Images: Auscape / UIG (crb). Science Photo Library: John Reader (cb). 9 Alamy Images: Phil Degginger (ca). 13 Getty Images: Belinda Wright / National Geographic (br). 15 Alamy Images: Nico van Kappel / BuitenBeeld (cr). 17 Alamy Images: Photography by Steve Allen (bl). 18 Dreamstime.com: Edwardgerges (tc/Background). Getty Images: De Agostini / S. Vannini (br). 19 Corbis: (bl). Getty Images: DEA / A. Dagli Orti (br). 20 Getty Images: DEA / G. Dagli Orti (tc). 21 123RF.com: Javier Espuny (bc). Dreamstime.com: Edwardgerges (br). 25 Dorling Kindersley: University Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, Cambridge (tl, tc). 26 Dorling Kindersley: Tim Draper / Rough Guides (br). 27 Corbis: Richard A. Cooke (tc). 31 Corbis: Bettmann (br). 32 Corbis: Araldo de Luca (clb). 33 Getty Images: Greek School (tr). 34 Dorling Kindersley: Tim Draper / Rough Guides (tl). 35 Dreamstime. com: Dashark (b). 37 Corbis: Bettmann (tr). 41 Corbis: Araldo de Luca (br). 46 Science Photo Library: Christian Jegou Publiphoto Diffusion (bc). 48–49 Getty Images: Don Bayley / E+. 50 Alamy Images: World History Archive (br). 51 Corbis: Alessandro Della Bella / Keystone (br). 52 123RF. com: prashantzi (cr); Anna Yakimova (fcra). Corbis: Smithsonian Institution (ca/Metalwork). Dorling Kindersley: Ian Aitken / Rough Guides (tc/Wine). Dreamstime.com: Isatori (cr/Spices); Николай Григорьев (tc); Viktorfischer (ca); Ghassan Safi (cra); Suronin (clb). 53 123RF.com: serezniy (cra). Alamy Images: FancyVeerSet18 (ca). Dorling Kindersley: English CIvil War Society (cb); Natural History Museum, London (cla). Dreamstime.com: Rodigest (cr). Pearson Asset Library: Cheuk-king Lo. (cl). 56 Corbis: Christie’s Images (bl). Getty Images: Werner Forman / Universal Images Group (clb). 58 Corbis: Richard du Toit (br). Dreamstime.com: Alexandre Fagundes De Fagundes (clb). Getty Images: Spice (tc). 59 Corbis: Liu Liqun (tc). 61 iStockphoto.com: RFStock (tr). 62 Corbis: Morandi Bruno / Hemis (bc). 68 Dreamstime.com: Sergii Moskaliuk (tl, br). 72 Alamy Images: The Art Archive (tl). 74–75 The Bridgeman Art Library: Howlett, Robert (1831-58) / Private Collection / The Stapleton Collection. 76 Dorling Kindersley: National Maritime Museum, London (tl). 77 Dorling Kindersley: Didcot Railway Centre (br). 78 Corbis: Leemage (bl). 80 Getty Images: The British Library / Robana (cl). 82 iStockphoto.com: Wizarts (bc). 84 Alamy Images: Archive Images (bl). 85 Getty Images: Imagno (crb). 86 Dreamstime.com: Travis Manley (bc). 87 Corbis: Baldwin H. Ward & Kathryn C. Ward (tr). Dreamstime.com: Travis Manley. 88 akg-images: (tc). 91 Rex Features: Courtesy Everett Collection (cra). 94 Getty Images: Gerard Sioen / Gamma-Rapho (bl). 99 Getty Images: French School / The Bridgeman Art Library (crb). 103 Dorling Kindersley: Down House / Natural History Museum, London (cra). 105 Alamy Images: Nancy Carter / North Wind Picture Archives (br). Dreamstime.com: Andreykuzmin (b, tr). 109 Corbis: (tr). 111 Getty Images: Pete Ryan / National Geographic (bl). 116 Dorling Kindersley: B&O Railroad Museum, Baltimore, Maryland, USA (cla). SuperStock: Science and Society (tr). 117 Alamy Images: Geoff Marshall (t). Dorling Kindersley: National Railway Museum, New Dehli (cl). 118 Mary Evans Picture Library: (bc). 121 Alamy Images: Prisma Archivo (cr). Dreamstime.com: Andreykuzmin (tr, b). 122–123 NASA. 126 Corbis: Hulton-Deutsch Collection (tr, br). 126–127 Dreamstime.com: Gibsonff; Ronfromyork (Union Jack). 128 Getty Images: Hulton Archive (bl). 130 Corbis: Bettmann (tc). 134 Corbis: (bl). 137 Getty Images: The Print Collector / Print Collector (br). 139 Corbis: Peter Langer / Design Pics (tr). Getty Images: AFP (bc/Hirohito); Express (cb); Keystone (cb/Joseph Stalin); George Skadding / The Life Picture Collection (crb); Roger Viollet (bc, br). 140 Corbis: Hulton-Deutsch Collection (tl). 143 Getty Images: Cynthia Johnson / The Life Images Collection (br). 147 Corbis: Bettmann (br). 149 ESA: (bc). 150-151 NASA. 153 Getty Images: Sebastian Derungs / AFP (bc). 155 Dreamstime.com: Yinan Zhang (tr)

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