FORMAL AND INFORMAL DOCUMENTS IN ENGLISH
FAVA - Formaciรณn en Ambientes Virtuales de Aprendizaje
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FORMAL AND INFORMAL DOCUMENTS IN ENGLISH
INTRODUCCIร N
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FORMAL AND INFORMAL DOCUMENTS IN ENGLISH
ESTRUCTURA DE CONTENIDOS Introducción ................................................................................ 2 Mapa Conceptual .......................................................................... 4 1.
Formal and Informal Document Types and Content ............ 5
1.1
Formal Documents ............................................................... 5
1.1.1 CV´s (Britain English)/or Resume (American English) ................. 5 1.1.2 End of term papers ............................................................... 6 1.1.3 Discursive Essays ................................................................. 7 1.1.4 Academic Discursive Essays ................................................... 7 1.1.5 Problem-solution essays ........................................................ 8 1.1.6 Factual Descriptions .............................................................. 8 1.1.7 Reports ............................................................................... 9 1.2
Emails and informal letters ................................................... 10
Bibliografía ................................................................................ 12 Glosario ..................................................................................... 13 Control de Documentos ................................................................ 16 Creative Commons y Marca Registrada ........................................... 16
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SENA - Servicio Nacional de Aprendizaje
FORMAL AND INFORMAL DOCUMENTS IN ENGLISH
MAPA CONCEPTUAL
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FORMAL AND INFORMAL DOCUMENTS IN ENGLISH
1.
Formal and Informal Document Types and Content
All writings should contain an Introduction, a main body and a conclusion. The information you need to include in each of these types of documents depend on the text and intention of the document; therefore you need to take into account aspects like Paragraphing, which should be at least three but no more; Cohesion which contains Paraphrasing, to write the same idea, but in different words; Substitution, writing a pronoun instead of a full; name or phrase; and, Connectors, the relation how sentences are connected. Below you will find the types of formal and informal documents and their mean characteristics, as well as some examples.
1.1 Formal Documents: 1.1.1 CV´s (Britain English)/ or Resume (American English): The writing of a CV (Curriculum Vitae) depends on the type of work you are applying for. However they tend to be standardized and use a lot of formulaic language you can replace for your own information.
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FORMAL AND INFORMAL DOCUMENTS IN ENGLISH
1.1.2 End of term papers: The end of Term Papers are similar to an academic discursive Essay. The main differences for an end of term paper are: more preparation; you must read more material on the topic; and your final essay will be longer. There are four stages when writing a term paper: The draft thesis stage: It is possible that after creating an original idea, at the end of your research this change completely due to the findings you got from it. Drawing up the working bibliography and researching the theme: Once you have chosen the draft thesis, go to the set of reading lists, library listings or internet databases or websites. Organizing your ideas and re-writing your thesis: It is appropriate and helps to the final result, to arrange a three or four paragraphs document. The first one may contain a brief description of the topic. The second and third can describe the whole research and the final one should include the conclusion. Writing up your work: this should begin with a summary of the background to the paper, and a justification for its writing. It should include your thesis statement towards the end of the introduction, summarizing your overall conclusion and the paper´s message in one sentence.
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FORMAL AND INFORMAL DOCUMENTS IN ENGLISH
1.1.3 Discursive Essays: Every good academic paper includes the introductory paragraph, as explain before, to let the reader know what is the importance of it, as well as justification for that research. The next second or third paragraphs should describe the thesis, implications an overview of the issues supported it, and the final paragraph almost always includes a summary of your own point of view about the topic, and some suggestions about it.
1.1.4 Academic Discursive Essays: The way in which ideas are written and supported are of great importance in writing a Discursive Essay. The conclusions must be included based on the evidence; at the end according to your perspective, you can give some personal thoughts regarding the topic like advices not conclusions, and perhaps, including the actions to be taken.
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FORMAL AND INFORMAL DOCUMENTS IN ENGLISH
1.1.5 Problem-solution essays: This should begin with a general statement on the topic, some background information, or some reasons why we should be interested. You put forward possible solutions, beginning a new paragraph for each problem. Discuss the benefits of implementing these solutions, and also the difficulties involved. Make sure that in the final paragraph you write the solution would be the best. 1.1.6 Factual Descriptions: This is a pie chart, bar or line graph which contains numerical information, based on it you can support your conclusions. It is important that you only comment on the facts that you are given, and do not speculate about reasons for any changes. Begin with rewriting the title that you are given, using different language, and make a general comment on the statistics.
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FORMAL AND INFORMAL DOCUMENTS IN ENGLISH
1.1.7 Reports: The language is formal. The whole view of each report you write, must follow an appropriate order which indicates your understanding of the topic, but also it should show, like a formal writing, coherence, unity, and good punctuation and grammar. The title is fundamental to introduce the topic; the subheadings should give a clear idea of the holistic report. You can include comments on how the information was gathered as well. Useful sentences: • The aim of this report is to… • This report is intended to give a brief summary of the findings of our recent project… • The data was collected from… • This survey was carried out among… Make sure that your report has covered all the key points and achieves its purpose, so it can be seen at the end the conclusions based on findings but also the steps to follow after that. Useful phrases: • • • • • •
In conclusion… The following conclusions can be drawn… As can be seen from the findings of this report… The next stage is… It is appropriate to… We recommend that…
In Summary, you can use this template:
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FORMAL AND INFORMAL DOCUMENTS IN ENGLISH
1.2 Emails and informal letters. The informal writings are very common among people who know each other well. However informal does not mean ordinary, for this you must be polite and use appropriate expressions in both emails and letters. There are, according to each purpose, many types of informal writings, some of them look for congratulate, give regards, ask for information, show appreciation and so forth. Depending on the relationship of the sender and receiver, familiar vocabulary can be used, anyway remember to be polite and includes courtesy in the vocabulary used, since this a rule every formal and informal writing should include.
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FORMAL AND INFORMAL DOCUMENTS IN ENGLISH
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FORMAL AND INFORMAL DOCUMENTS IN ENGLISH
BIBLIOGRAFร A Longman Exams Dictionary (2007). Your Key to exams succeed. Pearson Education. Wh2-Wh23. Successful End of Your Project. Recovered 3 November 2013. Available in: http://www.docstoc.com/docs/60623185/Term-Paper-ConclusionWriting-A-Successful-End-of-Your-Project&usg=.
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FORMAL AND INFORMAL DOCUMENTS IN ENGLISH
GLOSARIO Achieve: Lograr. Advice: Consejo. Aim: Logro. Although: Aunque. Among: Entre varios. Ask: Solicitar. Back: Regreso. Background: Trayectoria. Bar or line graph: Gráfico de barras o líneas. Been: Sido. Build: Construir. Carried out: Llevado a cabo. Collected: Recogida. Connector: Conector. Covered: Cubierta. Data: Información. Demonstrate: Demostrar. Discursive: Discursivo. DoB: Date of Birth.
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FORMAL AND INFORMAL DOCUMENTS IN ENGLISH
Enrolling: Alistamiento. Essays: Ensayos. Factual: Hechos. Fairly: Casi. Findings: Hallazgos. Further: Mรกs adelante. Give: Dar. Hearing: Escuchar. Issue: Hechos. Looking forward: Mirar hacia adelante. Often: Con frecuencia. Overall: Completa. Paraphrasing: Parafrasear. Paragraph: Pรกrrafo. Pie Chart: Grรกfico circular. Point of view: Punto de vista. Proposal: Propรณsito. Purpose: Objetivo. Qualification: Aptitudes. Report: Informe. Request: Solicitud.
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SENA - Servicio Nacional de Aprendizaje
FORMAL AND INFORMAL DOCUMENTS IN ENGLISH
Require: Requerir. Select: Escoger. Share: Compartir. Skill: Habilidad. Soon: Pronto. Statement: Oraciรณn. Strength: Fortaleza. Succeed: Exitoso. Suggestion: Sugerencia. Summarize: Resumir. Support: Soporte. Sure: Seguro. Table: Tabla. Template: Plantilla.
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FORMAL AND INFORMAL DOCUMENTS IN ENGLISH
Control de documento Construcción Objeto de Aprendizaje Formal and Informal Documents in English Desarrollador de contenido Experto temático
Alba Nury Cardona Yepes
Asesor pedagógico
Claudia Milena Hernandez Naranjo
Producción Multimedia
Julio Cesar Orduz Tarazona
Programador
Daniel Eduardo Martínez Díaz
Líder expertos temáticos
Ana Yaqueline Chavarro Parra
Líder línea de producción
Santiago Lozada Garcés
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