PROGRAM WRITING
VERTICAL MEDINA Xinyi Li 200058
Vertical Medina Masters Thesis Program Xinyi Li 200058 Architecture and Extreme Environments, supervisor David Garcia The Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts Institute of Architecture and Technology Schools of Architecture, Design and Conservation Philip De Langes Allé 10, 1435 København K
_Morocco Key Facts Location: North Africa Capital: Rabat Altitude: averaging 800m Weather: 18°C- 41°C Language: Arabic; Tamazight French, Spanish, English
Area(km2): Water(%): Population: GDP Total: GDP P/C:
410,000km2 730 m3/capita/yr 35,731,000 $111,866 billion $2,980
King: Muhammad VI Urban-Rural Population: Urban:62.5% Rural:37.5% Religion: Islam
Economic structure
Image from: https://mediterranews. org/2021/09/gigantesca-sconfitta-per-gliislamisti-alle-elezioni-legislative-regionali-ecomunali-in-marocco/
DataEconomic structure from: http://www. internationalbusiness.infoalbum.com/2691734684910/IB_Morocco_17.v02.pdf
DESIGN CONSIDER
| Purificatio
screw 1 Layer Filter : Rock 1 Cover Seal with Silicone 2 Layer Filter : Sand 2 Cover 3 Cover 3 Layer Filter : Charcoal
4 Cover
UV
4 Layer Filter : Sand
Metal Structure
RATIONS /
on Metal Backpack
Water Container 2 Filtered water container Water Container 1 Wastewater container Water Filter Structure
1 Layer: Rock 2 Layer: Sand light
3 Layer: Charcoal 4 Layer: Sand
Water Container 3 Clean water container
Clean water out
Pump Suck wastewater into container
Wastewater in
IN-FIL
| Display |
LED /
| Wear On
Background
_Marrakech, Morocco Marrakech is the fourth largest city in Morocco after Casablanca, Rabat and Fez, it has about 900,000 inhabitants (2009 estimates) with an area of 230 km². The population density reaches 350 inhabitants per hectare in the oldest part of the city, the Medina. The city is located in the plain of Haouz, at the foot of the northern slope of the High Atlas, dominated by Jbel Toubkal which culminates 4,165 m. The Haouz of Marrakech extends over approximately 400,000 ha between the dir of the High Atlas to the south, the Jbilet to the north, Oued Rdat to the east and the hills of Mzoudia to the west. The climate of Haouz is arid with temperate winters. The city falls under the Prefecture of Marrakech. Capital of the MarrakechTensift-Al Haouz region Marrakech is divided into 5 districts: Annakhil Guéliz Medina Menara Sidi Youssef Ben Ali (SYBA) as indicated in the map below. The supply of the Haouz aquifer comes from water from the Atlas, precipitation and reinfiltration of water used for irrigation. The aquifer would flow from the South to the NW towards the Tensift and Tessaout wadis. The water table is generally fed from flood waters, which is therefore highly dependent on rainfall, which is irregular.
Gueliz
Medina
Administrative division of the city of Marrakech
Summary presentation of the arrondissements
Image from: https://www.ville-marrakech.ma/ le-diagnostic/38/
Re-thinking the role of the in the urb
New Cit
Wall
Medina
Old City Medina
e Medina as a community ban fabric.
Site
Gueliz
ty Gueliz
Rotate the medina 90°
Vertical Medina As the spiritual core of the Muslims, the mosque exudes the unique temperament of the field. However, with the intervention of tourism and the change of the new generation, many mosque functions have been lost and cannot meet the needs of the local people for modern life. The religious atmosphere and the living atmosphere of the place have declined. At the same time, physical boundaries of different levels are generated in the block, which makes the spatial resources of the local people evolve viciously. My thesis project will be a series of design proposals while attempting to uncover architectural paradigms adapted to the local Moroccan climate, located in Marrakech, one of the largest cities in Morocco. The project will propose a vision of an artificial ecosystem that explores the possibility of efficient use of resources while maintaining the functionality of the building. Wastewater from the site is utilised 100% and reintroduced back into the natural water cycle. The building will be developed as a mosque, a school and a mall, incorporating a wastewater purification facility. This thesis project will be called Vertical medina.
Medina
Image from: https://www.semanticscholar.org/ paper/AN-URBAN-GRAMMAR-FOR-THEMEDINA-OF-MARRAKECH-Duarte-DuclaSoares/be82a7e23e5de9ccb571d3f62627031d 74d0a101
SlTE
Gueliz is home to many European-styled businesses, such as small art galleries, new restaurants and posh cafés. On most nights, the air of Gueliz is filled with loud music. The bars and nightclubs bursting with crowds enjoyin
An active nightlife is another appealing aspect of Gueliz. ng Gueliz drinking culture.
Research of Site
Function : Commercial
Fulture Function : Vertical Mall
Site Road Commercial
Design location positioning:
The design site is located in the center of the new Gueliz district in Marrakech, Morocco. The design lot is locate commercial and residential areas present a complex mixed state.
57.4m
ed on the secondary road next to the main street, and the
68.4m
40m
Post Office
Site
Square
Shopping Mall
Mall
Reasoning
_Unemployment
Youth employment challenges are a global policy issue, but the situation is of serious concern in north Africa, which has one of the highest rates of youth unemployment in the world. Underemployment and job informality also affect young people. In Morocco, four out five unemployed people are aged 15 to 34. Although the unemployment rate has declined over the past decade, youth unemployment is still twice that of the total population. In 2003 youth unemployment was 19.3% and general unemployment was 9.2%. There are variations according to gender, age, area of residence and education. Urban youth are more likely to be unemployed than rural youth. Girls and women are even worse off, even though Morocco is better than some neighbouring countries for female youth employment. On the other hand, university graduates tend to have higher levels of unemployment compared to people with middle-level education and people without a high-school diploma. What are the main causes? Joblessness is a structural problem with several factors driving it. Population is rising beyond the economy's capacity to create jobs. There is insufficient decent-job creation in the private sector. The inadequate supply of skills by the education system is also a major hindrance to youth accessing the labour market.
Text from: https://www.researchgate.net/ publication/331149185_Urban_tourism_ and_cultural_heritage_The_ancient_multilayered_medina's_in_Morocco
Text from: https://link.springer.com/chapt er/10.1007/978-3-319-61988-0_1
Te x t f r o m : h t t p s : / / w w w. t h e g u a r d i a n . com/global-development-professionalsnetwork/2014/aug/20/youth-unemploymentinteractive-abdeslam-seddiki-morocco
40%
26.6%
Youth aged 15 to 29 years old make up 30 percent of the total population and 40 percent of the eligible workforce.
In 2019 youth unemployment rate was 22.3% and general unemployment was 12.8%.
Image from: http://mecometer.com/whats/ morocco/gdp-growth-rate/
Image from: https://www.theglobaleconomy. com/Morocco/economic_growth/
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GDP Growth Rate - Morocco
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Context
_Job type
The majority of unemployed youth have no education or less than a secondary education. And a large amount of Moroccan dropped off from college. They donot have much options.
Factory
Image from: https://issuu.com/loukia_ iliopoulou/docs/v01_portfolio_loukia_ iliopoulou
Personal
_Active Market Activity "It is not only the shopping activities that are integrated into the events, but also the events that eventually merge into the shopping activities." Architects such as Koolhaas see shopping as the last and most widespread public activity of the 21st century. Shopping has permeated, cloned and even reset every aspect of modern urban life: from city centres, main streets and residential communities to airports, hospitals, schools and museums. It is by examining the spaces, people, technologies and ideas of consumption that The Shopping Guide analyses how shopping is renewing urban spaces. The autonomous renewal of shopping behaviour has led to two trends in consumer space: firstly, the increasing scale and function of commercial buildings such as malls and department stores, resulting in the degradation of other commercial buildings; secondly, the small-scale reconfiguration of public space by individuals, which will lead to the gradual penetration and encroachment of shopping activities into public space.
Reference : Koolhaas, Rem. 2000. The Harvard Design School Guide To Shopping. [East Rutherford, NJ]: Monacelli Press.
Small-scale Shopping reconfiguration of public space
A place to retrain the jobless young adult in Marakech to start their own business.
Crowd activit
Street Vendor Mid-age Man Live far away from Gueliz
Unemployed Young Man Live close to Gueliz
Clean
Worship
Have Meal
Rest
Shine Shoes
Bargain
Read
Quran Exercise
Ticket Sales Grocery Shopping
Pick up Child
Chat with Friends
Go out
Worship
Read Quran
Drink Mint
Have Meal
Take care
Sunbath
Take child
Rest
Drink Mint Tea
Exercise
Chat with Friends
of child
Tea
around
ties in the site
Take Moto Take care of child Office Worker Youth Woman Work in Gueliz, live in other region
Traveler
Grocery Shopping
Worship
Read Quran
Cook Meal
Have Meal
Take child around
Make Crafts
Use the phone
Use the phone
Go out
Sightseeing
Take Picture
Rest
Have Meal
Youth Woman Live in hotel inside Gueliz
Work
Cultural Perception
Shopping
Shopping Crafts
Travel
Stay in
Chat with Friends Leave
Living Issues an
Informal commercial serious occupant the road, affecting traffic and public activity space.
There is no parking lot the surrounding parkin radiation.
The industrial structure is single, not systemed, and the economic benefits are not good.
Lack of public activity play, entertainment an
The public service facilities are not fully equipped, and the radiation intensity is not enough.
There is a lack of publ communication space spiritual needs.
nd Space Needed
t on the site, and ng lot is not enough
y venues, no space for nd pray.
lic learning and e, and it cannot meet
Living habits have distinct local characteristics, sitting and drinking tea facing the street.
Lack of stayable space.
Insufficient industrial attractiveness and lack of in-depth tourism experience for tourists.
Space prov
Public Market Places
Public Space
Mosque
Space Needed 1. A public space with a strong commercial atmosphere with large passenger flow. 2. A business format with local characteristics and attractiveness. 3. A planned and systematically diversified industrial structure.
1. A public communi convenient for surroun communicate. 2. A public space that surrounding working a to pray.
vide in site
Library
ication platform that is nding residents to learn and
t is convenient for the and shopping Muslim crowd
Workshop
Skill School
1. A public activity venue for people to entertain and play and stay and rest. 2. A public school for the unemployed to study and to provide job opportunities in the building. 3. An attractive emerging industry structure.
_Space o
Public Skill School
Workshop Semi-public Public
organized
Mosque
Space Library
Market Places
_Space orga
Skill School
Workshop
M
Semi-public Public
anized in site
Mosque
Market Library
Design
Study of
Courtyard Weather
Medina ty
Daily
language
f Medina
ypography
y Life
Arch Element Culture
Design
Study of
Courtyard Weather
Medina ty
Daily
language
f Medina
ypography
y Life
Arch Element Culture
Context
_Climate A city is a human settlement with a large population. A city centre is the area of a city where significant commerce, political, cultural and power is concentrated. It is often also the geographic centre of a city. Typically,
Figure: Annual trends of temperature and precipitation in Marrakech (left panel) and Essaouira (right panel).
Image from: https://www.jmaterenvironsci. com/Document/vol8/vol8_N4/146-JMES2388-Ait%20Brahim.pdf
41 °C
-0.64 cold days This decrease of FD10 is of -30days over the period 1961-2007 years in Marrakech, which means -0.64 cold days/year.
40 °C During the summer, temperature exceeds 40 °C in the daytime, with a record high temperature of 49.6 °C recorded in July 2012. In terms of precipitation, the annual average is 261.3 mm.
7°C
Figure: The future projections of minimum and maximum temperature and precipitation at the Marrakech (left) and Oukaimeden_CAF (right) stations according to the two scenarios RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 for 2041–2060. Figure: Marrakech 2016.
Context
_Climate A city is a human settlement with a large population. A city centre is the area of a city where significant commerce, political, cultural and power is concentrated. It is often also the geographic centre of a city. Typically,
Design l
Study of M
Courtyard Weather
Medina ty
Daily
language
Medina
ypography
y Life
Arch Element Culture
Medina is a city with a dense building fabric. Its streets are narrow (between 0.5m and 5m) and buildings (single-story to 4-story) cover a vast amount of its surface (100% of the total surface is developed). Although there is only one large public square there are plenty of small improvised squares created in the residual space of the irregular urban grid. Most of the socializing happens in the streets and in other public spaces such as the mosque, the hammam and the marketplace. STREETS DUAL PURPOSE: SOCIAL INTERACTION AND MOVEMENT
Ever since the founding of Marrakech by the Almoravid dynasty in 1070, the city became a major center of trade. It became an important stop along the TransSaharan trading route and commodities like gold, ivory, leather, metalwork, and ceramics passed through en route to and from the Saharan regions. As the population of Marrakech grew, further souks developed in a linear pattern along the narrow streets of the medina. These souks soon turned into covered walkways and became places for locals not only to shop but also a regular meeting point for gossip and chitchat. Even today, trade continues to be the Marrakech’s mainstay and the souks are a beehive of economic and social activity. The souks are arranged according to the type of goods that they offer, and the location of each souk reflects a hierarchy dictated by the value placed on the assorted products on offer in each of them.
Text from: https://www.nomadepicureans.com/ morocco/marrakech-souks/
Figure. Bottom-up derivation of the Zaouit Lakhdar zone.
Figure 3. Plans of Zaouiat Lakhdar based on collected information showing the main directions of the urban fabric, and the location of derbs, sabbats, lots, house entrances, and patios (left), and which lots are accessed by which derbs (right). Image From: https://www.semanticscholar.org/ paper/AN-URBAN-GRAMMAR-FOR-THEMEDINA-OF-MARRAKECH-Duarte-DuclaSoares/be82a7e23e5de9ccb571d3f62627031d 74d0a101
Design l Study of
Courtyard Weather
Medina typ
Daily L
language Medina
pography
Life
Arch Element Culture
The earliest mosques were open courtyards surrounded by arcades, or a row of arches. This eventually developed into a hypostyle hall, or space with a series of pillars. In Islamic architecture, these rows of arches symbolize the division between sacred and secular space.
Volume G
Generation
In s
site
Function O
Public Market Places
Public Space
Mosque
Organization
Library
Workshop
Youth School
Circulation O
Retrain Circulation
Organization
Skill School a
Due to the high unemployment rate, career schools give unemployed stude bussiness, and provide op In the site, this part acts as a magnifying glass of Moroccan national c window for their culture to be understood. Therefore, this part is connecte run through it
1 Floor
2 Floor
and workshop
ents after graduation a buffer, train their employability skills on traditional pportunities for practice. culture, not only a place for students to learn traditional skills, but also a ed to the shopping part through the viewing platform and the walks that layer by layer.
3 Floor
5 Floor
Skill School and Workshop Provide guidance to job for jobless adult in Marrakech, equip them with the skill for the job market.
Shopping
Courtyard
The Sight Line
Courtyard in School The courtyard allows the school to act as the interface between the school and the city and to open some of its functions to the larger community.
Shopping Part
Courtyard
School
Circulation O
Pray Circulation
Organization
Mos
The mosque has formed a stable religious community for the residents gradually disappear, and the residents' increasing daily activities
sque
s. Still, with the development of society, some functions in the mosque s to meet the modern lifestyle cannot be released in the mosque.
Mihrab
Indicating th Mecca, whic should face w
The Line To Mecca The courtyard allows the school to act as the interface between the school and the city and to open some of its functions to the larger community.
he direction of ch Muslims when praying
Outdoor Shopping
The Sight Line
School
Circulation O
Reading Circulation
Organization
Libr
Small vendors (similar to Medina) are arranged to provide jobs for the u guidance schools. It has the functions of catering bu
By inserting the outdoor atrium, the circulation changes of the commerc simulating the vivid ch
rary
unemployed around, and to provide booths to students studying in career usiness and cultural tourism, and has strong vitality.
cial part are enriched, from indoor to outdoor, from narrow alleys to wide, hanges of the Medina.
Library The library is open to community and public, connected with the shopping part by an outdoor courtyard.
Shopping
Library
Courtyard
The Stairs The stairs are social condensers, promoting unexpected encounters between the building.
Library
Outdoor Stair
Mosque
Circulation O
Market Circulation
Organization
Shop
Small vendors (similar to Medina) are arranged to provide jobs for the u guidance schools. It has the functions of catering bu
By inserting the outdoor atrium, the circulation changes of the commerc simulating the vivid ch
0 Floor
1 Floor
2 Fl
pping
unemployed around, and to provide booths to students studying in career usiness and cultural tourism, and has strong vitality.
cial part are enriched, from indoor to outdoor, from narrow alleys to wide, hanges of the Medina.
loor
3 Floor
4 Floor
Courtyard The open courtyard allows the shooping part to act as the interface between the building and the city and to open some of its functions to the larger community.
Shopping
Courtyard
Mosque
Outdoor The shopping part provides space for jobless people to start their small businesses.
Library
Outdoor Stair
Skill School
Indoor The shopping part provides space for jobless people to start their small businesses.
Indoor Shopping
Skill School
Skill School
By adding corridors to connect and using partially enlarged alleys to insert public activity spaces, th of the streamlines is enhanced, and the vitality of the shopping part is enhanced at the same time.
he permeability
Lighting Analysis
Sectio
on 1-1
Sectio
on 2-2
1
2
2
1
Indoor
0 Floor
Outdoor
0 Floor
Indoor
1 Floor
Outdoor
1 Floor
Indoor
2 Floor
Outdoor
2 Floor
Indoor
3 Floor
Outdoor
3 Floor
Indoor
4 Floor
Outdoor
4 Floor
Indoor
5 Floor
Outdoor
5 Floor