eTwinning project “The Science around us”
Labbook
Balloon - rocket
Necessary materials
1. Cut 3 meters of twine. Run the twine through the straw. 2. Blow up a balloon. Clip the end with a peg. Attach the balloon to the straw with tape. 3. Two children catch the ends of the twine and move away from each other. 4. The child which is on the side of the peg, draws What is happening? The the balloon to himself and then counts “3, 2, 1... balloon takes off like a Start!� and removes the peg. rocket. Why is this happening? When the air moves out of the balloon, it pushes it forward. And real missiles are launched in this way. Their fuel is ignited and, with great force, pushes them into space.
The gummy bears are growing
Necessary materials: 1 cup of water and several gummy (jelly) bears
1. Fill the glass with water and put inside several jelly bears. Wait until the next day. 2. Remove the bears from the water and compare them with the ones from the pack. What is happening? The bears have become bigger, but much softer. Why is this happening? Gelatin likes to drink water, it absorbs the water and swells strongly.
The Magic Flowers 1. Fill the glasses with water. Dissolve the paint in the water. 2. Put the flowers into the water. Wait until the next day.
Necessary materials: 3 white flowers, 3 food-colourings for pastries, 3 tall glasses.
What is happening? The flowers are coloured! Why is this happening? Many small tubes pass through the stems of the flowers, which carry the water to the blossom.
SINK/FLOAT
Materials: table with columns, bowl of water,
different items - key, pencil, yarn, wooden stick, marble, polystyrene, nail, screw, sharpening, eraser
first step: The classification of the different items and make hypotheses second step: check our assumptions third step: We give the answer to the question WHY SOME OBJECTS FLOAT AND ANOTHER SINK?
Why is this happening? Heavy objects sink and lighter objects float
Material: two bowls of water, sugar cubes, soap, matchbox
1 step - we put the matches in the bowls with water, we observe how they float 2 step - in one bowl we add sugar, in another we add soap and in and we wait and observe what is happened 3 step - in bowl with sugar matches float towards the middle and in the bowl with soap matches float to the edges. Why is this happening? We saw that sugar and soap dissolve in water, and that this affects the flow of water. We concluded that these materials influence the flow of water in the different way (sugar attracts matches and They are removed from soap)
WATER FLOW
Why do the ships float?
What is happening? When you throw the plasticine pellet into water, it sinks
Necessary materials: a bowl of water, a plasticine pellet
When you throw the plasticine, flat rectangle into water, it floats.
Why is it happening? The ships float because of the appropriate shape
Do the small ships sink faster or the bigger ones? Necessary materials: a bowl of water, paper boats of different sizes, loading (e.g. blocks) What is happening? When you put in water paper boats with loading (the bigger one and the smaller one), it occurs that the bigger boat sinks faster than the smaller one. Why is it happening?
Vegetable Garden 1. Cut the top parts of the carrots, the radish and the beet. 2. Tear several sheets of the kitchen roll and moisten it. 3. Put the moistened kitchen roll in the plate and arrange the cut upper parts of the vegetables. Now you have to wait and water them every day to keep the moisture.
Necessary materials: a plate, a knife, kitchen roll of paper, carrots, beet, radish.
What is happening? After a few days leafs start to grow from the vegetable parts. Why is this happening? The carrots, the radish and the beet have stored nutrients in the thickest parts of their tuber. If they receive some water every day, a few leafs will develop.
THE GHOST WRITING
Necessary materials: a bowl of water, 2 sheets of paper, crayons or ballpoints. What is happening? First step: one sheet of paper should be submerged by the water. Then, we put this wet sheet of paper on the table. Finally, we cover it with the dry sheet of paper. On the dry sheet of paper we write the message or do some drawings. Then, we have to wait until the wet sheet of paper gets dry. The writing or drawings we can see now is going to vanish. If you want to read the message, the sheet of paper should be submerged by the water one more time. Why is it happening? If you submerge the sheet of paper by the water, it gets wet and transparent as well. When you write or draw on the wet sheet of paper covered with the dry one, the fibres of the paper are compressed. Thanks to compressed fibres, the writing or drawing is getting dark and you can see it until the sheet of paper is wet.
SALT CRYSTALS Necessary materials: warm water, salt, .a jar, a small stick, a bit of wool.
What is happening? First, we pour the jar with warm water Then, we put the salt into the water and mix it.
Then, we put a small stick with a bit of wool on top of the jar. The wool should be submerged by the water. We put the jars on the windowsill above the radiator. After a few days we can see shapes of crystals!!!
Why is it happening? When the water evaporates, there are small pieces of a substance gathered very close to one another, and they form crystals. It's called: crystallization.
An egg trick
Necessary materials: 1 hard-boiled egg, 1 empty glass bottle, 1 funnel, water
1. Ask an adult to boil one egg for you. Leave it to cool down and remove the shell. 2. Ask an adult to heat up water and help you put it in the bottle. It should reach the beginning of the bottle’s neck. 3. Put the peeled egg on the opening of the bottle and observe. What is happening? The egg slowly and completely on its own starts to go into the narrow opening of the bottle.
Why is this happening? The hot water takes up more space cold one. When the water cools down, the empty space inside the bottle increases, but air is unable to enter inside, because the egg obstructs the opening. This creates a vacuum inside the bottle which draws the egg inside.
● MAGIC MILK
materials:milk,plate,food coloring,dishwashing detergent, cotton swab • Put some milk into the plate so it just cover the bottom • Add one or two drops of food coloring to the same spot in the center of the milk • Put the cotton swab in dishwashing detergent and then gentli touch the food coloring to the same spot in the center of the milk • Don’t stir the milk. The colors will swirl on their own as soon as the detergent contact the liquid. Why did the colors move this way? •
It is all about a chemical reaction between the detergent and the milks fat. Milk is made up of witamins, minerals, proteins and fats. When detergent is added to the milk it brakes the protein and the fats. The detergent hads for the fats creating the cool bursting of colors .
Experimente d
MIXTURES with the mix
ing of some s
ubstances
1. Oil mixture Material: oil, vinegar, one jar We poured a little oil and a little vinegar in the jar Above the vinegar, a layer of oil has been created We've been flushing liquid in the jar, It seemed that liquids were mixed After a few minutes, the liquids were re-separated into two layers What is happened? Oil and vinegar do not mix, The oil is split into fine droplets in vinegar if we flushing liquid in the jar, but it's just temporary. 2.Floating egg Material: one egg, one jar, water In the jar with plain water we put the egg Egg sink under water. Then, we pour 5 tablespoons of salt into the water and after few minutes we put egg again in the water The egg now floats on the water What is happened? In the first case, with plain water, egg sink because it is denser than water In second case, with salt in the water, egg float because now water is denser than egg.
Foamy monster Material: vinegar, baking soda, dish soap
By mixing acids and bases, new compounds are formed. Vinegar and baking soda together produce gas – carbon dioxside Our little monster is thirsty, We'll give him to drink vinegar and few drops of dishsoap We'll give him some baking soda‌ What is happened? By mixing vinegar and baking soda gas bubbles react with a dish soap and create a foam.
Ballon blow up We applied this knowledge to blow up ballons! Material: water bottle, vinegar, baking soda We add some Vinegar an empty water bottle. Then add some baking soda to the ballon. Then we attached the ballon to the top of the bottle. Lift up the balloon so the Baking Soda will fall down and mix with the Vinegar. A chemical reaction will take place with carbon dioxide bubbles which will rise and inflate the balloon
SNOWSTORM IN A JAR Materials: a jar, baby oil, white paint, spoon, cup of water, Alka Salcer tablets, optional:blue food coloring 1. Fill the jar ž of the way with baby oil. Set this aside. 2. In a glass combine one spoon of white paint with water. Mix until paint is dissolved. This will essentialy give you white water. 3. Once mixed pour the white water into the jar leaving a little room at the top. Once the water is settled at the bottom of the jar it is time to make the snowstorm. 4. Optional: add few drops of blue food coloring 5. Take tablets and break it into peaces. Have the kids drop the peaces into the jar and watch what happends.
Jumping seeds 1. 2. 3.
What is happening? The seeds start to enlarge and “jump� out of the glass
Necessary materials: 1 glass, soya or chickpea seeds, water, a dish Put the glass in a metal or porcelain dish. Fill up the glass with soya or chickpea seeds. Carefully pour water and wait.
Why is this happening? The seeds soak up water and enlarge. They become bigger and no longer fit inside the glass.
Fun with magnet Magnets have a special kind of force called magnetism. With this power, they can attract objects like as if is magic. Materials: • One or more powerful magnets • Metallic office clips • String • Tape • drawing • Pencils Antigravity staples Approach: 1. Put a few clips on few pieces of string. Attach the opposite side of the spring by the tape to the floor or table. 2. Use a magnet to pull the clips into the air. Can you move them? Change: • If you have two magnets, let them pull each other together • one of them turns and you feel as they press against each other. They do it when they have their same poles together
Chain of clips Approach: 1. Hold the magnet in the air and bring the clip closer to it until it snaps. 2. To the first clip put a second one closer until it snaps. Add more and more clips. What long chain can you create? The magic maze Approach: 1. Draw a maze on the drawing. Put the clip on the drawing. On the other side of the drawing give the magnet. 2. Can you use a magnet to pass through a maze? What happened? Explanation: Magnets attract other magnets, or some types of metals. When a metal object, such as an office clip, touches a magnet, it also becomes a magnet. Magnetism is invisible and acts in the empty space, even through obstacles (for example drawing).
Invisible ink Write a secret message that no one can see. Then evoke a chemical reaction to make the message visible Materials: •Paper •Lemon juice • Bowl • Brush or cotton stick • Heater or hairdryer Approach: 1. Give a lemon juice into the bowl. 2. Prepare the paper on the table so that you can write on it. 3. Soak a brush or a cotton stick into the juice and write a short message on the paper. 4. Let the message dry up and send it to someone. 5. To see the message, the recipient has to warm up (on a heater or by a fan) What happened? Explanation: Many substances react when heated and they change. Lemon juice by warming also changes color and get brown. Like cooking, baked toast, cake, toasted onion ...
Does water have skin? Needles and pins are metal. Throw them into the water and they sink. But if you put them on the surface carefully, they can lie down on the water, as if some invisible skin is hold on their surface. Materials: • Coins, needles, pins and office spikes or fastening pins • A large bowl of water • Paper kitchen towels Approach: 1. Leave the water in the bowl to stand until the water in the bowl is completely peaceful. 2. Throw down the pin or needle by the top. What happens? 3. Now try to lay them flat on the surface. If this does not work, put a piece of kitchen towel on the water first. Are all the pins floating now?
Spoiled coin Materials: • Coin • Bowl of water Approach: 1. Put the coin on the table 2. Soak your finger in a bowl of water. Draw a few drops of water on the coin. 3. Carefully add more and more drops of water on the coin. 4. Watch the coin. What is going on? How many drops can you put on a coin? What happened? Explanation: The water actually does not have skin, but water molecules. These are small particles that make up water - they have a pulling force. Together they strongly affect the water level. It is called surface tension, and it creates a surface like a kind of a skin on the water on which the objects can lie (trial no.1). The water molecules hold together (the water created a coin on the coin - experiment No. 2).
Diving bell Materials: • A large bowl of water • Glass • Paper tissue Approach: 1. Put a cup on the table 2. Crumple the tissue and push it to the bottom of the cup so that it does not fall when you flip over the cup. 3. Prepare your bowl of water 4. Turn the cup upside down, push it into the water bowl to the bottom and hold it there. 5. Carefully pull out the cup. Make sure it is still upside down. Dry your hands and take off the paper from the cup. It will be dry. What happened? Explanation: You can not see the air. But air takes up space and has a compressive force, which is called air pressure or atmospheric pressure. The air trapped in the cup pushes downward so that no water can get inside and the tissue in the cup remains dry. Change: Try to repeat the attempt, but turn the cup down the bottom until it is underwater. What happens now?
Salt crystals When you mix in water salt or sugar, they will disappear, but in reality they are still there. Sugar and salt dissolved - spread out on tiny pieces that were mixed with water. Some substances can dissolve and then re-materialize in a form called crystals. Materials: • Salt, •Hot water,• Cup or measure, •Tea spoon, • String, •Pencil Approach: 1. Ask an adult to fill the cup with hot water in half. Add 10 teaspoons of salt 2. Stir until the salt dissolves. Try adding another salt until there is no sediment that will no longer dissolve when mixing. 3. Round the string around a pencil. Put the pencil into the cup so that the string is soaked in salted water 4. The cup with the string should be left in a quiet place for several days. Watch it every day. Soon you will see that crystals are made on the string. 5. When the string is covered by crystals, you can pick it and look at it from near. What shape do crystals have? 6. With a magnifying glass or a microscope, you can see the crystal closer 7. Make colored crystals if you add food to the water. What happened? Explanation: The salt dissolved in water and divided into tiny pieces. But as the water gradually cooled, they began to form again pieces of salt. The water was gradually evaporated (changed to gas), but the salt remained. String gave the salt a place where it could be attached, so the crystals began to form around it.
Ice tower Many substances get solid when it is cool, or it freezes. When substances are frozen, they usually occupy less space. However, water increases when frozen. Materials: • Small plastic bottle (open) • Water • Freezer Approach: 1. Fill the bottle with water to the edge 2. Put the bottle in the freezer (make sure it has empty space above it). In winter, you can put the bottle out on the window when it freezes. 3. Allow the water to freeze overnight and take the bottle out of the freezer in the morning. 4. Compare what happens when you freeze a bottle full of water and sunflower oil. What happened? Explanation: When the water froze, it increased its volume. Besides the open throat of the bottle, it did not have other space to grow. It got out through the narrow hole to created an ice tower.
Games with static electricity Electricity is a form of energy. One type of electricity is static. It can be created in objects and causes that the object behaves a little bit different. Materials: • Balloons (ridge or ruler) • Wool sweater, blanket, or scarf • Wall, •Tissues • Empty cans from a soft drink Approach: 1. Inflate the balloon and, rub it on woolen cloth. Rub it only in one direction, then lift the balloon and rub it again. 2. Now attach the side of the balloon to the wall, which was rubbed on a woolen cloth. Will it catch on the wall and stay there? 3. Rub the balloon on your hair, then slowly lift it up. Your hair should be lifted together with the balloon. 4. Rip a tissue to small pieces. Again rub balloons on some woolen cloth, and then place it over the torn pieces. Does it attract them as a magnet? What happened? Explanation: The objects are small moving particles, which are called electrons. Moving electrons generate electricity. When you rub balloons on the wool, some electrons move from the wool to the balloon. This creates an electrical charge between the balloon and other objects.
Enlarging When things get warm, their molecules move faster. The move away from each other and occupy more space. Materials: • A bag of foam candies, • A plate suitable for the microwave, •Microwave Approach: 1. Take a candy, put it on a plate and give it in a microwave 2. Set up the middle temperature on the microwave and turn it on for 10-15 seconds. As soon as the oven stops heating, open it. 3. Compare the heated candy with the other one from your pocket. How do they differ from each other? Caution: Candy will be hot. It can be eaten after cooling!!! What happened? Explanation: There are lots of air bubbles in foam candies. As they heat up, the air molecules move faster and hit each other. Air bubbles are increasing and foam sweets are growing.
Balloons and candle
materials: two balloons and the candle
The ballon goes POP!
What is happenning: the balloon filled with water doesn't go POP because the water cooles the heat from the candle.
Magical Cabbage 1. Take a few leafs from the cabbage and put them in a pot, filled with water. After the water starts boiling, remove from the stove and leave to rest for 1 hour. 2. Strain the liquid. 3. In the glasses respectively put baking soda, citric acid/vinegar and a few drops of ammonia. 4. Pour some of the cabbage water and observe what happens.
What is happening? In glasses with acidic condiments the liquid turns red, the baking soda colours it in blue, and the ammonia in green. Why is this happening? In chemistry, substances like the cabbage water are called colour indicators. They show the acidity levels.
Necessary materials: Red cabbage, a pot, a strainer, 3 glasses, baking soda, citric acid or vinegar, ammonia.
Invisible creature(Yeast balloon)
Material: two spoons of baking yeast, one spoons of sugar, water, one balloon, one bottle, one bowl
What is happening? Baking yeast reacts when it is added to sugar and hot water, it starts feeding with sugar and creates bubbles of carbon dioxide that inflate the balloon. Yeast is a single-celled fungus that turns starch into sugar, and sugar into alcohol and carbon dioxide. We Used it to grow the dough.
We mixed two spoonfuls of yeast with two spoons of water and one spoon of sugar, and then put in a bottle. We put a balloon on the bottle's hole, then put a bottle in a bowl of warm water and waited ...
Necessary materials:
SENSE OF TOUCH
Shawl, ball, spoon, block, cap, apple
What is happening? 1.We tie the friend’s eyes with the shawl, he/she should not see anything. 2. We set up items on the floor, the child must take off his shoes and socks, with blindfolded eyes it is quite difficult and looks very funny 3.We take the first object and put it under the child's feet, the child should touch the object using only feet. Is the child able to guess with what object is dealing with? If no, let's try with another subject, maybe this time it will work. 4. For comparison, let the child touch the object with his hand
Why is it happening? It's much easier with palms, does not it? Hands have a lot of tasks to do, that's why the fingertips are equipped with sensitive nerves, these nerves send information to the brain about even the slightest touch, while our feet are stuck in socks and shoes all day and are therefore less sensitive.
SENSE OF TASTE
Necessary materials: Shawl, clothes clip, plate, mug, fork, apple, banana, pepper, mineral water, sweet drink……
What is happening? 1. We tie the friend’s eyes with the shawl, he/she should not see anything. 2. We put a clothes clip on the friend’s nose. In this way, the friend does not smell, as if he/she has got a runny nose. 3.We give our friend some fruit, vegetables and drinks to taste them. His task is to guess the given flavour. 4. Our friend has problems with guessing the flavours properly. 5. If we remove the clip from his nose, the friend will more easilly guess the flavour. Why is it happening? We can see that although our friend is able to say if something is sweet, sour, salty or bitter, he/she doesn’t know the proper food item. If you can’t breathe with your nose, you can’t taste and you can’t do it properly. For example, when you have a cold, you do not even like your favourite dish. The opinion that by using the tongue you can taste every food item is wrong. You can only taste sweet, sour, salty or bitter taste with the tongue.
Coin In The Air
Necessary materials: 1 glass, 1
1. Put the playing card on the opening of the glass. coin, 1 playing card 2. Put the coin exactly in the middle of the card. 3. With the nail of your index finger tap sharply on the middle part of the edge of the card, so it can fly away from the glass.
What is happening? When you tap the card sharply, it flies above the glass. But, because you didn’t touch the coin, the latter wants to stay in the same place, exactly above the glass. Because the card is no longer bellow, the coin goes straight into the glass. If you are not able to do it from the first try, you have to practice it a little.
Why is this happening? All objects aim to keep their current state. When you alter the state of the object, you do so against its “will” and the object resists. This resistance is called inertia.
The Coin Thief
Necessary materials: 1 coin, 1 jar with a screw, water, a jug, 1 white sheet of Put the coin in the middle of the sheet of paper. paper Put the jar on top of it and look through its glass walls. Do you see the coin? Use the jug to fill the jar with water. Then screw the opening. Where did the coin go? Who stole it?
What is happening? Through the empty jar, you are able to see the coin, but when you fill it with water is seems that there is no coin. It “disappears”. Why is this happening? Through the empty jar, the sun rays are able to reach the coin. They reflect off of it and into our eyes. When there is water in the jar, the light that reflects off of the coin can’t go back through the glass jar. The glass bottom absorbs the sun rays and returns them. This phenomenon is called total reflection.
Floating City Necessary materials: 1 sheet of paper, 1 bowl, water, 1 scissors, colour pencils 1. 2. 3. 4.
Cut out a 12x12cm piece of paper Fold the square so it creates a triangle Draw your city on one of the sides After you’re done drawing, cut out the background so only the shapes of the building are left 5. Fill a bowl of water and put the sheet in the water, with the city facing up
What is happening? The buildings erect. Your city really does float! Why is this happening? When the crease becomes wet, its veins are trying to straighten up.
Water pillar
1. Fill a glass of water to its edge and put it on the table 2. Think about how many paper clips you could put in the glass before it overflows 3. Put the paper clips in the water one by one
Necessary materials: 1 glass, water, paper clips
What is happening? Maybe you should get some more paper clips, because they sink into the water one by one, but without making it overflow. Why is this happening? If you look at the glass from the side, you’d think that a water pillar is forming above it. The water’s surface rounds up above the glass but it stays together. The water has a skin that doesn’t let it to spill.
Running peper Materials: bowl of water, dishwashing detergent, peper Step1.-Put lots of paper in the bowl filled with water, so it covers all the surface. Step 2- Put a detergent on a finger and than touch the water surface. Step 3- The paper is “running� away from that part so you can see just a water.
BUOYANCY LOW Materials: potatoe, jar, piece of yarn or rope, measuring scale Put a rope around potatoe and let it hanging down the table and mesure its weight. Then, fill the jar with water and put the hanging potatoe in it. Now measure its weight! What is happening? The potatoe’s weight is smaller for the amount of squeezed liquid(water).
Mixture of pepper and salt Necessary materials: half a teaspoon of salt, half a teaspoon of ground pepper, a small plate, a plastic spoon, something made of wool (e.g shawl, cap,…) What is happening? 1.Mix salt and pepper on the small plate. 2.Now, try to separate both components. It’s not a joke. Stop! You don’t have to separate them one by one. There’s a much better trick. 3.Rub a plastic spoon with a woolen shawl. Do this operation for 30 seconds. It should be enough. 4. Hold a plastic spoon over a mixture of salt and pepper. Slowly lower it towards the plate and…look, what is happening? Why is it happening? You will not even notice… and the pepper will stick to the spoon. When you rub a spoon with a woolen shawl, it makes an electrostatic discharge. Now, the spoon has got a negative charge. Pepper has got a positive charge and because of that it is attracted by the spoon. Positive and negative charges are attracted. Pepper is lighter than salt and that’s why it sticks to the spoon as the first one.
Sense of hearing - bottle music
Necessary materials: Four empty bottles, water.
What is happening? 1. Fill the bottles with water to different levels. 2. Put the bottles on the table and blow over the bottle hole. Why is it happening? Each bottle produces a different sound. As a result of blowing into the bottle hole, whirl of air is formed. These whirls of air are movements in the air. These movements are called vibrations. Thanks to vibrations, tones are created. If there is more water in the bottle, vibrations are faster and tones are higher. If there is less water in the bottle, vibrations are slower and tones are lower.
''Water carousel'' Fill the bucket to half with water. Turn the bucket quickly into the air.
Necessary materials: small bucket, water
What is happening? The water is not pouring Why is this happening? The centrifugal force acts. The water is constantly pressed against the bottom of the bucket and can't leak out of it.