REPASO ROUND- UP 1.-Uso de “a” or “ an” - A + consonat
- An + vowel (a, e , i , o ,u)
2.-Plural Forms La mayoría de los nombres hacen el plural añadiendo –s. Ej: one penguin--- two penguins Ballon- ballons, bird- birds, cow- cows, doll- dolls, star- stars, chair- chairs. Si un nombre acaba en consonante + y, forman el plural sustituyendo la y por ies Ej: baby babies; pero si acaba en vocal + y entonces su plural se forma añadiendo una s.Ej: boy – boys. Si los nombres acaban en s, ss, sh, ch, x, o forman el plural añadiendo –es.Ej: bus – buses, glass – glasses, bush – bushes, church – churches, box – boxes, tomato - tomatoes, torch – torches. Si el nombre acaba en f / fe forman el plural sustituyendo esas letras por –ves. Leaf – leaves, houxewife – housewives, knife - knives Otros nombres tienen su propio plural sin seguir una norma. EJ: tooth –teeth, man –men, policeman – policemen, mouse- mice, foot- feet, woman-women, child-children, goose – geese, ox –oxen, sheep –sheep., fish- fish, deer- deer. 3.-Personal pronouns (pronombres personales) I yo You tú He él She ella It ello We nosotros You vosotros They ellos 4.-The Verb “ to be” ( el verbo ser o estar) Afirmative I am/ I´m You are/ You´re He is/ He´s She is / she´s It is / It´s
Negative I am not/ I´m not you are not/ you aren´t He is not / He isn´t She is not / she isn´t It is not / It isn ´t
interrogative Am I? Are you? Is He? singular is She? Is it?
We are / We´re You are / You´re They are / They´re
We are not / we aren´t you are not / you aren´t They are not / They aren´t
are We? are you? are They?
5.- Hay en singular------------- There is en plural---------------- There are
6.-Demostrativos cerca En singular………..This.... este En plural………….These..estes
plural
lejos that…….. aquel those…….aquellos
7.-The Verb “ to have got” ( el verbo tener) Afirmative I have got/ I´ve got You have got/ You´ve got He has got/ He´s got She has got / she´s got It has got / It´s got
Negative I have not/ I´ve not got you have not/ You´ve not got He has not / He´s not got She has not / she´s not got It has not / It´s not got
interrogative have I got? have you got? has He got? singular has She got? has it got?
We have got / We´ve got You have got / You´ve got They have got / They´ve got
We have not / We´ve not got you have not / You´ve not got They have not / They´ve not got
have We got? have you got? plural have They got?
8.-Possessives ( Posesivos) Possessive adjectives ( Adjetivos posesivos) My………………….mi Your……………….tu His…………………su (de él) Her………………..su ( de ella) Its…………………su( de ello) Our………………nuestra/-o Your…………….vuestro/-o Their……………su ( de ellos)
Possessive pronouns (Pronombres posesivos) mine……………….mío yours………………tuyo his............................suyo( de él) hers....................... suyo( de ella) ours………………nuestro/-a yours……………..vuestra/-a theirs......................suyo/-a (de ellos)
Genitivo sajón 1º se pone la persona a la que pertenece la cosa, seguido de “´s” seguido del objeto que le pertenece. Ej: La goma de María= María´s rubber 9.-Verbo “ Can” ( poder) Afirmative I can You can He can She can It can We can You can They can
Negative I cannot/ I can´t you cannot/ You can´t He cannot / He can´t She cannot / she can´t It cannot / It can´t We cannot / We can´t you cannot / You can´t They cannot / They can´t
interrogative can I? can you? can He? singular can She? can it? can We? can you? plural can They?
Si ponemos un verbo después del verbo can siempre va en infinitivo. Ej: I can swim.......... Yo puedo nadar 10.-Imperative ( Imperativo) se hace con el verbo en infinitivo Infinitivo Close the door, please!
Please don´t + infinitivo Please don´t talk
Let´s + infinitivo Let´s play tennis!
11.-Present Continous ( Presente continuo) ( se usa para acciones que ocurren ahora ). Now, today. Se forma con el presente del verbo “ to be” + verbo-ing Afirmative Negative interrogative I am working/ I´m working I am not working / I´m not working Am I working? You are working / You´re working you are not working / you aren´t working Are you working? He is working / He´s working He is not working / He isn´t working Is He working? She is working / she´s working She is not / she isn´t is She working? It is working / It´s working It is not / It isn ´t Is it working? We are working / We´re working You are working / You´re working They are working / They´re working
We are not working / we aren´t working are We working? you are not working / you aren´t working are you working? They are not working / They aren´t working are They working?
¡ Cómo hacer el gerundio de los verbos? Put - putting think - thinking write – writing see -seeing run- running work – working play – playing fly - flying Cuando es una sola sílaba acabado en una consonante forma el gerundio duplicando consonante y añadiendo ing. Si acaba en doble consonante se añade ing. Si acaba en e se sustituye por ing. Pero si acabase en doble ee se le añadiría ing. Si acaba en y se añade ing
11.- Simple Present ( Presente simple) ( Se usa para hábitos, costumbres o rutinas ). Usually,Every day, in the afternoon, in the evening, at noon, in the morning. I like You like She likes he likes It likes we like You like They like
I do not like / I don´t like you do not like / you don´t like She does not like/ she doesn´t like he does not like/ he doesn´t like It does not like/ it doesn´t like weI do not like / we don´t like you do not like / you don´t like They do not like / They don´t like
do I like? Do you like? Does She like? Does he like? It She like? do we like? Do you like? Do they like?
¿Cómo se hacen las terceras personas: Verbos que acaban en: ss, sh, ch, x, o se le añade es. Ej: I dress, he dresses Verbos que acaban en: consonante + y se sustituye la y por ies pero play plays. Ej: I try, he tries Pero I play, he plays 12.- Questions words: who, whose, what, when, where who, quien? Whose de quién? What QuÉ? When Cuándo? where Dónde? 13.- Prepositions of Time ( preposiciones de tiempo) IN In the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening, in November (moths) in summer (seasons) in 1992 ( years) AT At 8 o´clock, at noon, at night, at midnight, at easter, at Eid , at Christmas. ON On Sunday (days), on Monday, On Wednesday , etc; on October 4 th (dates) on Sunday afternoon. 14.- Prepositions of place : at, into, in behind, under, on, near, in front of, over. At en ( al lado de) Into en ( entrar en) In en (dentro de) Behind detrás de Under debajo de On encima Near cerca In front of en frente de Over encima pero sin tocar At home in casa At school in la escuela At work in el trabajo At the theatre en el teatro At he cinema en el cine At the zoo en el zoo 15.- how many? - How much =Cuántas? how many? Cuántas para cosas contables como: eggs, apples, girls, chairs, boys, books, radios, bags,etc How much? Cuántas para cosas incontables como: sugar, coffee, cheese, butter, water, money, lemonade, bread, milk, meat, etc. Ej: How many apples are There? Cuántas manzanas hay?, How much bread is there? Cuánto pan hay? 16.- some – any (algunos en afirmativae interrogativa y negativa) Some. Se utiliza para nombres contables e incontables pero en afirmativa Any. Se utiliza para nombres contables o incontables pero en negativa e interrogativa Ej: There are some tomatoes, There is some bread. Are There any oranges? Is there any milk? No there isn ´t any milk