Copyright © 2014 All rights reserved by Journeyman International. This book or any portion thereof may not be reproduced or used in any manner whatsoever without the express written permission of the publisher, except for the use of brief quotations in a book preview. Design completed by University of San Francisco’s Professor Seth Written by: Kyle Rogers Wachtel and the Community Design Outreach Studio, Fall 2013, Copyright © Lab, 2014 and the Construction 2014. Thank you Printed inInnovation the United States Spring of America All rights reserved by Journeyman International. This book or any portion to the students who contributed to this work: Matthew Federe, FirstorPrinting, 2014 thereof may not be reproduced usedPeppiina in any manner without Ali Hampton, Hannah Howland, Kaija,whatsoever Nancy Luu, Dave the express written permission of the publisher, except for the use of brief McCleary, Rosanna Pitaressi, Bennet Song, Taylor Cogiat, Matthew ISBN: 978-312-42812-6 quotations in a book preview. Federe, Alex Haddad.
by: Kyleby: Rogers EditedWritten and compiled Kyle Rogers Printed in the United States of America First Printing, 2014 ISBN: 978-312-42812-6
Project Team
6
Partnership
7
Tanzania Overview and History
10-11
The Maasai
12-13
Project Overview and Renderings
16-17
Floor Plan and Section Drawings
18-19
Roof and Framing Plans
20-21
Framing Details with Key Plan
24-25
Construction Cost Estimate
28-31
4
MAASAI LEADERSHIP CENTRE
KYLE ROGERS
PROJECT TEAM
5
The Maasai Conservation Fund (MCF) is a small NGO developed to address the plight of the Maasai people in northern Tanzania. Created out of a need expressed by the Maasai people themselves, the aim of the MCF is to develop and implement locally sustainable, community-based projects that will educate and empower the Maasai while helping to maintain their traditions. MCF’s mission is to preserve the Maasai heritage, wilderness, and wildlife across the Manyara/Tarangire ecosystem by creating sustainable development for the Maasai people of Northern Tanzania. The Maasai of Northern Tanzania have been a traditionally nomadic tribe, but due to external pressures of land use development, wildlife corridors, and tourism, they find themselves forced to adapt to an environment where movement is more limited. This change affects every aspect of their lives from historic animal husbandry models, to education, employment, nutrition, and interaction with a broader community and economy. The Maasai Conservation Fund, is creating a Leadership Centre for Massai adults in this northern region, where they can learn a range of new skills to help them adapt to current realities and rapid changes on their traditional lands. Instruction will include adult literacy and life skills training, health education in HIV/AIDS awareness and prevention, technical and trades training in sustainable pastoralist and agricultural practices, small business enterprise, and microfinance.
6
MAASAI LEADERSHIP CENTRE
KYLE ROGERS
JI partnered with Professor Seth Wachtel, Department Chair of Art and Architecture at the University of San Francisco, California, USA, to create innovative designs for the future MCF Leadership Centre. Mr. Wachtel’s Community Design Outreach and International Projects course worked for the 2013-2014 school year with local materials and vernacular in mind to deliever a design consistent with JI standards. In this proposal the students designed two facilities: one consistent with traditional building materials and the other with modern building materials and construction systems.
The Journeyman International vision was launched with the intent of filling the expertise void between international NGO’s and the new facilities they construct. While developing a dental clinic in Belize as a senior project, a group of architecture and environmental design students from Cal Poly State University began recognizing the potential to fill this need with a construction focused non-profit endeavor. Since filing for incorporation in 2009, Journeyman International has designed an orphanage in Mexico, a development center in Zambia, a dental clinic in Belize and many many more. These projects were a catalyst and we are just getting started. PROJECT TEAM
7
8
MAASAI LEADERSHIP CENTRE
KYLE ROGERS
PROJECT RESEARCH
9
Location: Tanzania is located in Eastern Africa on the Indian Ocean between Kenya & Mozambique. Tanzania shares borders with Uganda, Zambia, Rwanda, Mozambique, Malawi, Kenya, The Democratic Republic of the Congo, & Burundi. Area: Tanzania covers 947,300 sq. km. which is slightly larger than two times the land area of California.
Languages: The official language of Tanzania is Swahili. Natural Hazards: Tanzania faces a number of natural hazards. Tanzania experiences flooding on the central plateau in the rainy season and also experiences drought in the dry season. Current environmental issues include deforestation, soil degradation, destruction of coral reefs, marginal agriculture caused by droughts, and illegal hunting & trade threaten wildlife.
Climate: Tanzania’s climate ranges from tropical along the coast to temperate in the highlands. Natural Resources: Tanzania’s natural resources include hydropower, iron ore, coal, gold, tin, phosphates, diamonds, gemstones, natural gas, & nickel. Ethnic Groups: On mainland Tanzania, 99% of people are African. The other 1% identify as Arab. On the island of Zanzibar, the population is predominately Arab with few Africans and mixed Arab & Africans.
TANZANIA
Religions: On mainland Tanzania, 30% of the population is Christian, 35% is Muslim, & 35% of the population identifies with various indigenous beliefs.
10
PORTUGUL GAINS CONTROL OF EASTERN COAST
OMANI ARABS OUSTS THE PORTUGUESE
GERMAN COLONIZATION
BRITAIN AND GERMANY AGREE TO “SPHERES OF INFLUENCE”
TANGANYIKA BECOMES INDEPENDENT
TANGANYIKA AND ZANZIBAR MERGE TO FORM TANZANIA
PRESIDENT NYERERE CALLS FOR EGALITARIANISM, SOCIALISM & SELF-RELIANCE
1506
1699
1884
1886
1961
1964
1967
MAASAI LEADERSHIP CENTRE
KYLE ROGERS
AREA (km2)
947,300
POPULATION
49 million
Buboka
Mwanza Arusha Shinyanga
Kogoma
Usangi
Tanga
Tabora
Dodoma
GROWTH RATE
Zanzibar Dar es Salaam
2.8%
Iringa
HIV/AIDS PREVALENCE
Mbeya
5%
Lindi Mtwara Songea
68%
LITERACY
Tunduru
200 km 100 mi
CONSTITUTION AMENDED TO ALLOW MULTI-PARTY POLITICS
REGIONAL PARLIAMENT & COURT OF JUSTICE LAUNCHED TO LEGISLATE TRADE AND IMMIGRATION
CHINESE PRIME MINISTER AGREES TO HELP TANZANIA’S HEALTH, TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATION SECTORS
MALARIA DRUG PROGRAM LAUNCHED BY U.S.
TANZANIA JOINS THE EAST AFRICAN COMMON MARKET TO INTEGRATE THE REGION’S ECONOMY
1992
2001
2006
2007
2010 PROJECT RESEARCH
11
Location: The Maasai of Eastern Africa are concentrated largely in Southern Kenya and Northern Tanzania in the Great Rift Valley on a combination of both arid and semiarid land.
access to natural resources like water and land. The system of private ownership is entirely at odds with traditional Maasai customs and has meant significant difficulties for the Maasai people. The largest issue for many Maasai not benefitting from private ownership is over the significant loss of national parks and reserves.
Area: There are an estimated 500,000 Maasai living on roughly 160,000 square km, though it is difficult to get accurate totals due to intentional disruption of the national census collection process.
Typology: Traditional homestead arrangements for the Maasai are circular kraals, the fence around which is made of acacia thorns designed to keep wild animals from attacking livestock. Men are traditionally responsible for fencing the kraal, and women are responsible for collecting wood for fires, milking cattle, supplying the kraal with water, cooking for the family, and for constructing the houses that are typically made of mud, sticks, grass, cow dung, and cow urine. It is also traditional for extended Maasai families to share a kraal.
Ethnic Group: Maasai society is comprised of sixteen sections called Iloshon. These sixteen sections are Ildamat, Ilpurko, Ilkeekonyokie, Iloitai, Ilkaputiei, Ilkankere, Isiria, Ilmoitanik, Iloodokilani, Iloitokitoki, Ilarusa, Ilmatatapato, Ilwuasinkishu, Kore, Parakuyu, and Ilkisonko. The Isikirari, Parakuyu, Kore, and Ilarusa sections live in Tanzania, though the majority of Maasai tribes reside in Kenya. Languages: The Maasai, or Maa, language is a member of the Nilo-Saharan language family spoken by about 900,000 people in Southern Kenya and Northern Tanzania. The term Maasai refers to “one who speaks the Maa language”. Religions: The Maa speaking peoples believe that at the beginning sky and earth were one, and the Maasai did not have any cattle. God (Enkai) then let cattle descend from the sky along a bark rope (or leather strap or firestick), and the Maasai received all cattle that currently exists in the world. The Dorobo (Ildorobo people), a group of hunters and gatherers, did not receive any cattle, and therefore proceeded to cut the rope, producing a separation between heaven and earth, and stopping the flow of cattle from God. From that belief, it follows that there is a direct link between God and cattle, and that all cattle in the world belong to the Maasai. Society Structure: The Maasai are also a traditionally semi-nomadic people who live by a highly sustainable communal land management system, with migrations based on the seasonal rotation of livestock. Maasai traditional land agreement states that no section should be denied 12
MAASAI LEADERSHIP CENTRE
KYLE ROGERS
Economy: The economy of the Maasai is a subsistence economy meaning that cattle, sheep, and goats are their main source of income. Livestock are a social utility for the Maasai, and they are traded for other livestock, cash, or other livestock products like milk or leather. Exports: As the Maasai become decreasingly nomadic and begin attempting to assimilate into a more western way of living, it has become increasingly difficult for the Maasai to compete or even participate economically; forcing them into further dependence on the market economy. Livestock and livestock products are now being sold to other groups in Kenya for items like uniforms, school fees, beads, or grains, and it is not uncommon to see Maasai men and women in major cities selling beads, cell phones, charcoal, or cattle. Agriculture: Because of the Maasai’s proximity to crop farmers, they have engaged in cultivation as their primary form of subsistence. These plot sizes are usually very small – too small to support the vast grazing needs of the Maasai livestock. Because of this deficit, the Maasai have been forced to farm – a significant departure from traditional Maasai customs. This is significant because traditional Maasai culture forbids farming and believes it to be a “crime against nature” because the land is then no longer suitable for grazing.
Images of Maasai Lifestyle
AREA (km2)
160,000
POPULATION
500,000
GROWTH RATE
2.2%
MOTHER’S MEAN AGE AT FIRST BIRTH
19.6
HIV/AIDS PREVALENCE
10-20%
LITERACY
< 20% PROJECT RESEARCH
13
14
MAASAI LEADERSHIP CENTRE
KYLE ROGERS
PROJECT DESIGN
15
As a result of all the economic, social, and environmental changes imposed by foreign concepts of development, the once self-sufficient Maasai society now faces a number of significant challenges. Recognizing these realities, USF JI has has developed a design concept for a community education center that aims to provide members of the Maasai community with the tools necessary for understanding and adapting to the complex challenges of an ever-changing world. This community education center seeks to serve as a general gathering place for the community, while also providing programmatic elements that address specific challenges. The project design incorporates traditional Maasai building materials and vernacular architecture into its aesthetic and layout, while updating these indigenous methods and materials to be more durable and generous in the size and relationships among spaces. The large communal gathering areas and smaller classrooms create an extension of traditional Maasai forms and layout, allowing the architecture of the center itself to exhibit a living history of the Maasai people.
16
MAASAI LEADERSHIP CENTRE
KYLE ROGERS
PROJECT DESIGN
17
18
MAASAI LEADERSHIP CENTRE
KYLE ROGERS
Community Pa
Maasai
Project Team: Taylor Cogiat Mattias Federe Alex Haddad
ARCD 370 Construction Innovation Lab Spring 2014 Professor Seth Wachtel
Page 2
PROJECT DESIGN
19
20
MAASAI LEADERSHIP CENTRE
KYLE ROGERS
Makuyuni, Tanzania Community Partner: Maasai Conservation Fund
Maasai Leadership Center
Project Team: Taylor Cogiat Mattias Federe Alex Haddad
ARCD 370 Construction Innovation Lab Spring 2014 Professor Seth Wachtel
PROJECT DESIGN
21
22
MAASAI LEADERSHIP CENTRE
KYLE ROGERS
PROJECT DETAILS
23
24 MAASAI LEADERSHIP CENTRE
Taylor Cogiat Mattias Federe Alex Haddad
Makuyuni, Tanzania artner: Maasai Conservation Fund artner: Maasai Conservation Fund
i Leadership Center i Leadership Makuyuni, Tanzania Center
Makuyuni, Tanzania Community Partner: Maasai Conservation Fund
Maasai Leadership Center
Makuyuni, Tanzania nity Partner: Maasai Conservation Fund
sai Leadership Center
KYLE ROGERS
Project Team:
Makuyuni, Tanzania Community Partner: Maasai Conser
Maasai Leadership C
Use the key found below to locate these details within the projectâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s design. *details are not to scale*
Project Team: Taylor Cogiat Mattias Federe Alex Haddad
ARCD 372 Engineering, Design, and Testing Spring 2014 Professor Hana Bottger
Page 4
PROJECT DETAILS
25
26
MAASAI LEADERSHIP CENTRE
KYLE ROGERS
PROJECT CONSTRUCTION
27
TOTAL SQUARE FEET:
28
MAASAI LEADERSHIP CENTRE
4,160sqft / 462sqm
General Contractor Owner Project Overhead
4.00% 1.00%
$ 4,160 $ 1,248
Permit Design and Architecture Fees
0.50% 4.00%
$ 624 $ 4,992
Misc. General Conditions
5.00%
$ 6,240
General Sitework Surveying
3.00% 1.00%
$ 3,744 $ 1,248
Rough Grading Fine Grading Stormwater Drainage Underground Septic and Piping Water Connection Site Concrete Water Landscape/Irrigation
1.00% 1.00% 1.00% 2.00% 1.00% 0.50% 3.00%
$ 1,248 $ 1,248 $ 1,248 $ 2,496 $ 1,248 $ 624 $ 3,744
KYLE ROGERS
Sub Base and Compaction Forms & Accessories
2.00% 1.00%
$ 2,496 $ 1,248
Reinforcement (rebar)
2.00%
$ 2,496
Cast-In-Place Concrete
5.00%
$ 6,240
Concrete Masonry Units or Brick Stone
14.00% 2.00%
$ 17,472 $ 2,496
N/A
0.00%
$0
Rough Carpentry Cabinets and Countertops
31.00% 1.00%
$ 38,688 $ 1,248
Thatch Roofing
11.00%
$ 13,728
PROJECT CONSTRUCTION
29
30
MAASAI LEADERSHIP CENTRE
N/A
0.00%
$0
N/A
0.00%
$0
Signage Fire Extinguishers and Cabinets
0.50% 0.50%
$ 624 $ 624
N/A
0.00%
$0
N/A
0.00%
$0
N/A
0.00%
$0
KYLE ROGERS
Scaffolding
1.00%
$ 1,248
Plumbing
1.00%
$ 1,248
N/A
0.00%
$0
TOTAL (Shillings) USD / sqft Shilling / sqm
228,384,000 $ 30 494,100
PROJECT CONSTRUCTION
31