Contents The ends of the Earth
4
The big freeze
6
Lands of the Arctic
8
Animals in the Arctic Ocean 10 Animals on the tundra
12
Peoples of the Arctic
14
Arctic explorers
16
South to Antarctica
18
Animals in the Antarctic
20
Antarctic explorers
22
Ice stations
24
Changing climate
26
The future
28
Glossary
30
Index
32 3
The ends of the Earth If you travel very far to the north or south, you reach lands of ice and snow. These are wild, beautiful places, where it is difficult for humans to survive. These are the polar regions. The North Pole is the most northerly point on Earth. The area around the North Pole is called the Arctic. On maps, the Arctic Circle is an imaginary line around this region that crosses the Arctic Ocean and includes parts of Canada, Greenland and Russia. The Arctic
Ar ct
ic
ALASKA (USA)
le rc Ci
CANADA ARCTIC OCEAN
North Pole
ICELAND
4
Miles 0
1000
Km
1600
0
NORWAY SWEDEN FINLAND
ND LA K) N R EE MA GR EN (D
RUSSIA