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Grammar Summary: Student’s Book page 111
GETTING IT RIGHT
1 Some things won’t have changed 1 Grammar: future continuous Read about Zak. Then write sentences about what he will and won’t be doing tomorrow.
Hi, I’m Zak. It’s my last day at school today and tomorrow I start my holiday job. I’m working for a new chicken restaurant. I’m going to dress as a chicken and persuade people to come into the restaurant. I’m getting up at seven in the morning because I start work at nine, and it takes a long time to put on the chicken clothes. I have lunch at two (Guess what! Chicken!). From three to five I walk around the town centre telling people about the restaurant. Then at five I work as a waiter in the restaurant (still dressed as a chicken). I finish work at seven and go home. Then I expect I’ll fall asleep immediately – guess what I’ll dream about!
TODAY 7am Zak is sleeping.
TOMORROW
Zak won’t be sleeping at seven o’clock tomorrow, he’ll be getting up.
9am Zak is arriving at school. 2pm Zak is having an English lesson. 4pm Zak is playing football. 6pm Zak is doing his homework. 8pm Zak is watching TV.
2 Grammar: future perfect Read about Zak’s life today and tomorrow in exercise 1 again. Then write sentences about what he will and won’t have done by midnight tomorrow. 1 go to school/dress as a chicken
4 work as a waiter/do his homework
He won’t have gone to school but he will have dressed as a chicken. 2 have chicken for lunch/have an English lesson
5 watch TV/dream about chicken
3 play football/walk around the town centre
6 earn some money/have a quiet day
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UNIT
3 Grammar: future perfect
5 Vocabulary: phrasal verbs with out
Write questions and answer them.
Complete the sentences with the correct form of these verbs.
1 Zak sleeps for eight hours a day.
carry
How many hours will he have slept? Forty. in five days’ time?
miss
point
wipe
work
1 I realised what was wrong when she
2 Zak eats two chicken burgers a day.
out my mistake. 2 The soldier didn’t
in ten days’ time?
.
out his orders.
3 It took Zak a long time to
3 Zak washes his chicken costume every day.
out how
much he had earned. 4 Zak worked all summer, so he
in a week’s time?
.
out on
holidays.
4 Zak earns £6 an hour.
5 It’s important that we
out diseases
like malaria. in two days’ time?
.
5 The Happy Chickenburger restaurant sells 300 burgers a day.
6 Vocabulary: compound nouns Match the words in list A with the words in list B and write seven compound nouns.
in a week’s time?
.
A
6 Zak doesn’t have time to watch TV. in three days’ time?
.
B
1 house
carton
2 life
date
3 milk
energy
4 nuclear
expectancy
4 Grammar: future continuous and future perfect
5 pulse
hold
Complete with the future continuous or future perfect of the verbs.
6 use-by
watch
7 wrist
rate
household
Future Perfect? What will the future be like? Are we facing a bright new world or one which is going from bad to worse? Not surprisingly, futurologists, experts who predict the future, (discover) new sources of energy in 50 years’ time and (enjoy) ourselves in wonderful
new houses. At home and in factories and offices, robots (3)
(do) all the work. This means
that everyone (4)
Write the number of syllables and mark the stress. ■ advance
disagree. Some say that we (1) (2)
7 Pronunciation
2
combine
executive
indication
expectancy
microchip
obtainable
researcher
retirement
vaccine
wireless
(stop) working
and life will be one long holiday. However, 24-hour leisure brings its own problems, so experts predict that we (5)
(argue) with each other just as
much, and in fact will be no happier than we are now. Other futurologists see a darker picture: people (6)
(live) crowded together in dirty
cities and their life expectancy (7) (fall). We (8)
(use) up all our energy
resources, and because of global warming the sea level (9)
(rise) more and more each year.
So all the experts agree about one thing – whatever happens we (10) the future!
(not feel) any happier in
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Grammar Summary: Student’s Book pages 111-112
GETTING IT RIGHT
2 Unless we take action now … 1 Grammar and Vocabulary Read and complete the text with these words. atmosphere emissions greenhouse solution take travel unless whenever will won’t
‘For every problem there is a (1) which is simple, clean and wrong.’ H.L. Mencken, journalist (1850 –1956) There are two kinds of carbon: active carbon, which moves naturally between forests, oceans and the , and carbon which is locked away under the ground in coal, oil and gas. When we
(2)
burn coal, oil and gas, we permit carbon dioxide, a (3) plant trees to offset our carbon (4)
gas, to escape into the air. But if we , we (5)
put carbon back under the
ground. Carbon in trees can return to the air through fire, disease, or when trees are cut down. Carbon underground will stay there (6) We must (7)
we dig it up and burn it. the world energy crisis seriously, but carbon offsets alone are not enough.
For a start, no one is really sure of the answer to the question ‘If I fly from A to B, how much carbon dioxide (8)
my flight produce?’. Different organisations give different figures. So what should we
do? The answer is simple, clean and right: (9) yourself ‘Is there another way I could (10)
you plan to go somewhere by plane, ask ?’
2 Grammar: first conditional Rewrite what Ali and Jo said, choosing if or unless, and putting the verbs in the correct tense. 1 Ali: ‘If/Unless you (promise) to listen carefully, I (explain) about carbon emissions.’
If you promise to listen carefully, I’ll explain about carbon emissions. 2 Jo: ‘If/Unless you (explain) clearly, I (not understand) what you mean.’ 3 Ali: ‘If/Unless you (fly), you (damage) the environment.’ 4 Jo: ‘If/Unless I (fly), I (not have) much time with my friends.’ 5 Ali: ‘(it/matter) if/unless you (not go) at all?’ 6 Jo: ‘My friends (be) upset if/unless I (visit) them.’ 7 Ali: ‘Your friends (understand) if/unless you (explain) why you can’t come.’ 8 Ali: ‘If/Unless you (go) by train, I (come) with you.’
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UNIT
3 Grammar: first conditional
5 Grammar: time clauses with when, as soon as
Complete with if or unless and put the verbs in the correct tense.
will continue (continue) to fly unless train travel becomes
1 People
Complete with when, as soon as or until. 1 I know it’s very important, so I’ll phone you I arrive.
(become) 2 You can find out
much cheaper. 2
and until
the airport website.
governments
3 You will have to wait
(want) more people to travel by train, they (have to) improve timetable information. 3 There
(be) floods in parts of London the sea level
4
(rise).
5 You know that I’ll call you
5 Many people don’t believe it
(make)
I tell you, you’ll be able to run
down to the supermarket!
(fly).
6 Vocabulary
business people
Match the verbs in list A with the words and phrases in list B.
(not need) to travel so much. air travel
A
B
1 calculate
a problem
(decrease), global temperatures
2 plant
action
(continue) to increase.
3 reduce
the cost
4 solve
the impact
5 take
together
6 work
trees
8 Soon we
(have to) pay a special
carbon tax
we
(travel) by air.
4 Grammar: time clauses with when, as soon as and until
energy crisis
1 increase in the temperature of the Earth
2 She
(not decide) what to wear until
she
(listen) to the weather forecast. (be) in touch when they (know) what their plans are.
2 gas which comes from breathing, and from burning oil, coal or gas 3 lots of water which covers land that was dry before
(laugh) when he (hear) that joke.
5 Until you
carbon dioxide drought flood global warming
(go) swimming as soon as school (finish).
4 He
7 Vocabulary: climate change Match these words and phrases with their definitions.
Complete the sentences with the present or future simple.
3 They
I land.
they
(have) video conferences more often, they
1 I
I can.
6 I won’t be able to phone you
8 But
(be) too late.
7
I phone, I’ll tell you the answer.
I decide if I want meat or fish for my birthday meal.
(do) something about climate change now, it
6
4
I phone.
7 You won’t be able to buy the food
big organisations
any difference
the plane lands on
(pass) the test, you
4 long period of time without rain 5 serious problem with power supplies
(not be) allowed to drive the car on your own. 6 I I
8 Pronunciation (ring) you as soon as
Write the number of syllables and mark the stress.
(hear) from her.
■ atmosphere crisis organisation
3
balance
emission
compulsory energy
unless
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Grammar Summary: Student’s Book page 112
GETTING IT RIGHT
3 If you could choose … 1 Grammar: second conditional What would Vic Gerrard do if he had problems in Nepal? Write questions using the second conditional and give Vic’s answers using these phrases. borrow some from a friend dig a hole and hide in it buy it as a souvenir go to bed and drink lots of water sleep under the bed travel back overland use sign language
4 All your friends come and stay in your room.
1 There’s a lot of snow when you are trekking in the mountains.
What would you do if there were a lot of snow when you were trekking in the mountains? I’d dig a hole and hide in it.
5 A pickpocket steals all your money.
2 You eat something which makes you ill.
6 You lose your plane ticket.
3 You meet someone you like but can’t understand her.
7 You see a beautiful hand-carved object in the market.
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UNIT
2 Grammar: second conditional
4 Grammar: wish/if only + past simple
Complete with the past simple or would and answer the questions.
Complete with these verbs.
would you speak wanted I’d speak to my sister.
1 Who
2 What
(you/speak) to if you
be can not feel grow have know shine not like
(want) help with a problem? 1 I wish I (you/say) if a rich uncle (give) you a lot of money for
able to swim.
2 If only money
on trees.
3 She wishes she
longer hair.
4 If only I
your birthday?
drive.
5 He wishes he 3 What
(you/do) if you (find) a big spider in your bed?
so tired.
6 If only I
their address.
7 I wish I
chocolate so much.
8 If only the sun 4 Where
(you/go) if you (choose) a holiday anywhere
what
5 Vocabulary Match these words and phrases with their definitions.
in the world? 5 If you
every day.
(can) have one wish,
chat hippy in theory log on magical pace password trekking
(it/be)? 1 wonderful, with mystery
6 Who
(you/ask) if you (need) to borrow some money?
2 start using a computer 3 going on a long and difficult walk 4 friendly conversation
7 If you
(can) meet a famous film
star, which star
(it/be)?
5 secret word 6 speed 7 opposite of in practice 8 someone in the 1960s who was against traditional ways
3 Grammar: second conditional
of thinking
Write sentences using the second conditional. 1 You don’t listen, so we argue all the time.
If you listened, we wouldn’t argue all the time. 2 We don’t have a map, so we don’t know where to go.
3 She complains all the time, so people ignore her.
4 I cycle to school, so I don’t spend money on bus fares.
6 Pronunciation Do they rhyme or not? 1 wish
rich
2 guest
best
3 hostel
coastal
4 choose
lose
5 tea
knee
6 could
wood
7 pace
days
8 trek
break
✘
5 He chats with everyone, so he doesn’t finish his work.
6 We like the singer, so we buy tickets for all her concerts.
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Grammar Summary: Student’s Book pages 111–112
GETTING IT RIGHT
4 Integrated Skills Debating an issue Reading and Writing
1
Read and complete with these words.
transport wars
JO
Backpacking is great – it gives you the (1)
to go
where you want, when you want. The first good thing about backpacking is that it’s cheap. Young people don’t have a lot of money but we often have plenty of time. So we can travel (2) Secondly, because we use the local public (3)
cheaply and slowly. system we’re (4)
to
get much closer to the lives of ordinary people. If you’re on an old bus full of local farmers and their (5)
, you’ll find out far more about the country than if you’re on a smart new tourist
bus. If more people got to know other countries in this way, there’d be fewer (6)
in
the world. Thirdly, because we visit remote parts of the world, we bring much-needed money to poor areas. For (7)
, we buy food in local markets and fish direct from the fishermen, so
our money goes directly into local society. And finally, backpackers are environmentally friendly travellers – we use very few resources and we don’t (8)
the places we visit. We
don’t need huge concrete hotels – living in a tent or staying in a simple (9)
is fine
for us. ALI
I’m not sure that I (10)
, and I think that there’s a real (11)
that
backpackers can destroy what they’ve come thousands of kilometres to see. First of all, many backpackers have a kind of ‘tick the box’ approach to travel – been there, seen that, got the T-shirt. They collect countries like stamps and want to visit as many as possible. If (12) more people were happy to get to know a few places well rather than lots of places a little. Secondly, there really isn’t much (13)
between backpackers and package tourists. Backpackers
often have little real contact with the countries they visit because they travel together in a closed world of cheap (14)
, hostels, Internet cafés and beach parties. They all read the
same guidebooks and, as a (15)
, they go to the same places. (16)
,
I really don’t like the way many backpackers use cameras. I read somewhere that it’s called ‘taking’ a picture because what you’re really doing is (17)
it! I wish people asked
permission before photographing someone. Fourthly, and I know this is (18) because backpackers don’t have much money, but it really annoys me when they try to pay as little as possible for things. They spend hours (19)
with a poor person over the price of
something just to save a few pence. Not all backpackers are like this, of course, but these are four things which I feel (20) 44
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UNIT
2
Read the text again and complete the chart.
6 Crossword Complete.
BACKPACKING Advantages
2
1
3
4
5
1 2 3
6
4 Disadvantages 1
7
2 8
3 4
9
10
11
3
Use the chart to write two short paragraphs summarising the advantages and disadvantages of backpacking.
4 Word creation
iron
spam
terrorism
violent
1 The government has introduced new 3 I read some novels but I prefer 4 Gandhi was in favour of 5 There was a large
war
laws.
2 This new shirt is great – it’s completely
14
. .
protest. demonstration on Saturday.
program for my computer.
5 Learner Independence Discussion and debate Two important skills are Asking for repetition (A) and Checking you’ve understood (C). Write A or C after these expressions. 1 I’m sorry, I didn’t catch that. 2 Can you go over that again, please? 3 So what you mean is … 4 Unless I’ve misunderstood, what you’re saying is …
1 Air round the Earth and other planets. (10) 6 Involving the whole world. (6) 7 Road in a town. (6) 8 No one wants to miss out … a chance. (2) 9 Milk goes … quickly in hot weather. (4) 11 If you’re afraid of falling, hold on … . (5) 12 Past simple of eat. (3) 13 I’m busy … the moment. (2) 14 When people stop working, usually at 60 or 65. (10) Down
➜
6 I’ve got a new
13
Across ➜
Add the prefix anti- or non- to these nouns and complete the sentences. fiction
12
1 Discussion which is sometimes angry. (8) 2 Go round a large object in space. (5) 3 Rate of heartbeat, usually felt at the wrist. (5) 4 Choose a representative by voting for them. (5) 5 Facts that help to prove something. (8) 7 It will be mainly sunny tomorrow, but there’s a … chance of rain. (6) 9 Bright light in the night sky, not a planet. (4) 10 Speed at which something happens. (4) 13 Opposite of pm. (2)
5 Would you mind saying that again, please? 6 In other words, you think … 7 What you’re getting at is … 8 Sorry, I didn’t quite follow that. 9 So your point is … 10 I beg your pardon?
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Grammar Summary: Student’s Book pages 111–112
GETTING IT RIGHT
Inspiration Exam! 9
1.1
1
Us∏yszysz dwukrotnie dwa teksty. Na podstawie informacji zawartych w nagraniu wybierz poprawnà odpowiedê w zdaniach 1–6, zakreÊlajàc liter´ A, B lub C. Zdania 1–3 odnoszà si´ do pierwszego tekstu, natomiast zdania 4–6 do drugiego.
Text 1 1 The book mentioned in the interview: A was written only by Adam Bench. B shows that some popular theories about the future are wrong. C shows what the world will be like in 2040. 2 According to Dr. Bench, in the future: A we will have our own clones to help us. B the price of expensive equipment will go down. C scientists won’t have to follow the law. 3 The aim of the interview is to: A advertise the book. B inform people about visions of the future. C give examples of scientific developments. Text 2 4 What is so special about the Greenpeace demonstration? A The protesters are wearing animal costumes. B It is directed at consumers. C Greenpeace has never organised direct action. 5 Greenpeace expects the company to: A confess their guilt. B stop destroying rainforests. C give them money. 6 Where could you hear such a text? A At the zoo. B In a company. C On the news.
2
Przeczytaj list, a nast´pnie zaznacz w tabeli znakiem X, które z podanych zdaƒ (1–6) sà prawdziwe (TRUE), a które – nie (FALSE).
Dear Jerry, How are you these days? I’m sorry for not having written earlier, but life has been pretty busy recently. Apart from the final exams, which are drawing near and give me a headache most of the time, I’ve been elected President of the Green Movement Committee for our school. The Committee is more like a club with 15 members, which organises various events connected with protecting the environment. For example, last week we had a big action called ‘Clean up the World’, in which more than two thirds of the students took part. We cleared rubbish not only from our schoolyard, but from all around the town. For our hard work, we were publicly praised by the mayor and received quite a big donation for future projects. And there are plenty of ideas for projects we want to launch. Next week, we’re starting a new series of ‘bicycle days’. Every last Friday of the month, we want to promote a day without exhaust fumes. Everyone who comes to school by bike will get an apple and a muesli bar (we wanted to give out chocolates, which would be a more popular reward, but besides being environmentally-friendly, we want to be healthconscious as well). Another plan for this school year is tree-planting. However, to do this, the mayor’s donation is not enough. We need substantial funding and expert advice. But we still have plenty of time to prepare for this – we need to wait for the spring to come. So, how do you like my new hobby? It’s so much fun organising all these things. Do you have a similar club at your school ? Perhaps we could share some ideas? Write to me soon. I can’t wait to hear what you think. Best wishes, Tim
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UNIT TRUE FALSE 1
More than two thirds of the students in Tim’s school belong to the Green Movement Committee.
2
Only members of the Green Movement Committee took part in the latest local ‘Clean Up the World’ action.
PROJECT Future File Make a file of your predictions about life in the future.
1
Work in a group and make a list of aspects of
In ‘Clean up the World’, the students’ task was to clear rubbish from the school premises only.
our livesthat will probably be different in the
3 4
Students participating in the ‘bicycle day’ will receive a special reward.
fashion, music, food, money, communications,
5
The mayor’s donation is big enough to sponsor all the initiatives for this school year.
choose two or three topics to make predictions
6
Tim wrote the letter to tell Jerry about his latest interest.
future, for example: transport, environment, education, work. Choose a year in the future, and about.
2
What will we be doing in (year)? What will we have stopped doing? What will we have invented/discovered/built? Will our lives be better or worse because of these changes? Why?
3
Uzupe∏nij zdania 1–5, t∏umaczàc fragmenty w nawiasach na j´zyk angielski, tak aby powsta∏e zdania by∏y logiczne i gramatycznie poprawne. W ka˝dym zdaniu brakuje maksymalnie czterech elementów. Wymagana jest pe∏na poprawnoÊç ortograficzna wpisywanych wyrazów.
3
1 I wish (˝eby nie by∏) so rude. I wish
so rude.
2 Do you think that by that time (naukowcy wynajdà) a cure for
Make notes about each topic:
Work together and make a Future File. Read
it carefully and correct any mistakes. Draw pictures or use illustrations from magazines or
cancer?
newspapers. Show your Future File to the other
Do you think that by that time
groups.
a cure for cancer? 3 (Je˝eli nie przestaniesz), I’ll have to call your parents. If
I’ll have to call your parents.
4 (Gdybym móg∏ wybieraç), I would like to meet Brad Pitt. , I would like to meet Brad Pitt. 5 (Kupi∏bym) a new mobile if I could afford it. a new mobile if I could afford it.
4
Twój wychowawca poinformowa∏ Waszà klas´, ˝e b´dzie nagradza∏ ekologiczne zachowania swoich uczniów. W liÊcie do kolegi/kole˝anki: • przedstaw krótko propozycj´ nauczyciela, • napisz, co o tym sàdzisz, • napisz, jak na propozycj´ nauczyciela zareagowali Twoi koledzy/Twoje kole˝anki.
Extensive Reading Read Jurassic Park and choose a picture which you like. Write a paragraph describing the picture, saying what happened just before and after the event in the picture.
The most popular movie of its time made Jurassic Park a well-known name around the world. Now you can share the excitement with the characters of Michael Crichton’s novel as they come face to face with living, breathing dinosaurs … for the first time in 64 million years.
Podpisz si´ jako XYZ. Rozwiƒ swojà wypowiedê w ka˝dym z trzech podpunktów, pami´tajàc, ˝e d∏ugoÊç listu powinna wynosiç od 50 do 100 s∏ów. Revision Unit 4 page 104 Extension Unit 4 page 105
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Grammar Summary: Student’s Book pages 110–112
1
Read and complete. For each number 1–15, choose word or phrase A, B, C or D.
Who would want to be a futurologist in our rapidly changing world? Technological
advances are developing so (1) quickly that most predictions are out of date the day after they’re made. Things are moving (2) that predictions are becoming more and more extreme. A futurologist recently claimed that by 2015 a quarter of TV celebrities (3) robots. Hard to believe, even though some of the human ones today are quite robot-like! A more interesting prediction is that by 2017 robot teachers (4) better results than human teachers. What a surprise to learn that by then robot teachers (5) common! When (6) the first robot student, I wonder? An even bigger surprise: it’s predicted that by the 2020s technology (7) chimpanzees and dolphins who are as intelligent as humans. Medical science is developing (8) rapidly and it’s said that by 2015 surgeons (9) plastic bones regularly in operations. And unless the predictions are wrong, we (10) artificial brains by 2040. If we could trust the predictions, we (11) to plan our lives better. For example, it’s predicted that 60% of the world’s population will be living in cities by 2015. So is it time to think about moving to the country? I wish I (12) . If only predicting the future (13) as easy as reading about the past. It’s quite likely that by 2015 we (14) most of our music online. But who can believe that by the same time we (15) to dance with robot dance teachers?
1 A incredible
B incredibly
C more incredibly
D most incredibly
2 A fast
B so fast
C faster
D fastest
3 A are
B are being
C be
D will be
4 A are getting
B were getting
C will be getting
D will have got
5 A are becoming
B became
C will become
D will have become
6 A do we see
B did we see
C are we seeing
D will we see
7 A creates
B created
C has created
D will have created
8 A equal
B equally
C more equally
D most equally
9 A are using
B will have used
C will be using
D have been using
10 A will have
B will have had
C will be having
D have been having
11 A are able
B will be able
C were able
D would be able
12 A know
B knew
C have known
D will know
13 A is
B will
C has been
D were
14 A buy
B are buying
C will buy
D will have bought
15 A learn
B are learning
C have learnt
D will be learning
2
Use the word in capitals to form a word for each space.
1 The life
in some developing countries is very low.
2 Will fresh food be easily
in the future?
3 She is looking forward to learning to paint after her 4 The bank is a big
7 I saw one of the recent 8 Paris is a
48
OBTAIN .
so I don’t know who to contact.
5 Tomorrow we’re going to elect a class 6 He was one of our
EXPECT
. in the basketball competition. on TV.
city – everyone loves it.
RETIRE ORGANISE REPRESENT OPPOSE
DEMONSTRATE MAGIC
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3 Complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first sentence. 1 Lightning travels more slowly than light.
Progress Check Look back at the Student’s Book Units 3 and 4. Tick (✔) the statements you agree with. Speaking
Light 2 The two astronauts who first walked on the Moon were Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin. Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin 3 The dive was so deep that they didn’t expect to see any fish. They didn’t expect 4 The three-hour flight will cost each passenger $200,000. Each passenger
I can …
■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■
talk about how things happen describe the results of actions or states make exclamations talk about events in the future, timetables and plans make predictions discuss possibilities in the future role play a conversation about travel express views on unlikely or imaginary possibilities express wishes about the present take part in a debate
5 In 2050 we will kill the last whale. Writing
By 2050 we
I can write … 6 If we don’t do something about carbon emissions soon, it will be too late. Unless 7 Unless you answer my questions, I’ll call the police. If
■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■
a comparison of other students' lives and achievements a description of a real or imaginary exciting event a description of future plans and predicted changes a biography of a person who changed the world predictions about future life reports of interviews about future wishes a balanced argument for and against a controversial view
8 I’d spend all my holidays in Nepal if I had enough money. Reading
If
I can read …
4
Find the odd word.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
expand increase reduce rise crisis drought earthquake flood debate terrorism violence war lovely quickly rapidly slowly operation pasteurisation segregation create destroy generate produce rate pace speed weight flight journey trek voyage
vaccination
■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■
an article about the birth and growth of the universe a blog about underwater exploration an interview about holidays in space biographies of people who changed the world suggestions for developing creative ideas an article about possible future lifestyles an interview about carbon emissions an interview about a perfect holiday destination a summary of arguments for and against direct action
Listening
Answers to Brainteasers UNIT 3 Revision The future. Extension The Moon.
UNIT 4
I can listen to and understand …
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an account of space records a tour programme a description of an important discovery a radio phone-in a debate
Revision Hello, hello, hello! Extension White – the man was at the North Pole.
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