Delving Into Dementia Creating an improved GPS tracking system to aid caregivers of patients with Dementia
2 Delving into Dementia
Delving Into Dementia Creating an improved GPS tracking system to aid caregivers of patients with Dementia
Prepared for Professor Nancy Noble In partial fulfillment of DAI 505 Research and Development Madison Bencomo Spring 2013 Department of Design and Industry San Francisco State University 1600 Holloway Avenue San Francisco, CA 94132
Copyright Š 2013 by M. Bencomo All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, distributed, or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying, recording, or other electronic or mechanical methods, without the prior written permission of the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical reviews and certain other noncommercial uses permitted by copyright law. Blurb Book Press San Francisco, CA 94103 First Edition Professor Nancy Noble DAI 505 Research and Development San Francisco State University
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Descriptors Family Illness Stress Memory Loss Elderly Geriatrics Nursing Home Abstract Dementia is a serious illness that affects millions of people in the United States alone. Primarily it was thought to be the older generation alone that suffers from this illness, however, it is also important to realize that family members and caregivers are affected as well. Caring for an individual with Dementia takes a great toll on ones mental and physical health, even if it isn’t always apparent. Research data was analyzed, interviews were held and after many hours spent in the developmental phase, a solution to this problem was created. The study was narrowed down and focused in on helping aid caregivers and family members who were taking care of Dementia patients. Many elderly patients take walks and become lost due to the degradation in their memory and this proves to be a larger issue than some may have initially thought. It is very dangerous and can lead to serious detrimental effects. This solution was created in hopes of helping caregivers live a healthier lifestyle and be able to relieve some of the tension and strain that comes along with taking care of an ill loved one.
Contents Chapter 1: Introduction to the Problem 1.1 Introduction
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1.2 Problem & Purpose Statement
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1.3 Significance of the Study
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1.4 Assumptions
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1.5 Definition of Terms
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1.6 Parameters of the Problem
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1.7 Parameters of the Design
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1.8 Hypothesis
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1.9 Research Procedure
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1.10 Chapter Summary
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Chapter 2: Review of the Research Methods 2.1 Introduction to the Related Research
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2.2 Problem & Purpose Statement
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2.3 Library Resources
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2.4 Internet Resources
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2.5 Surveys
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2.6 Panel of Experts
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2.7 Field Research
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2.8 Time Management
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2.9 Gantt Chart
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2.10 Chapter Summary
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Chapter 3: Method of Procedure 3.1 Introduction
44
3.2 Problem & Purpose Statement
45
3.3 Parameters of the Design
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3.4 Rational
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3.5 Sketches/Ideation
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3.6 Research Questions & Hypothesis
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3.7 Materials Study
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3.8 Chapter Summary
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Chapter 4: Solution 4.1 Proposed Solution
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4.2 Model Renderings
58
4.3 Prototype Development
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4.4 Summary and Conclusion
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4.5 Works Cited
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4.6 Works Referenced
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4.7 Appendix
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8 Delving into Dementia
American adults fear developing Alzheimer’s disease more than any other life-threatening disease, including heart disease, the number one killer of men and women in this country.
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Chapter 1 An Introduction to the Problem
1.1 Introduction
Dementia is an illness that is increasingly prevalent in our elderly society and yet there seems to be much confusion revolving around the subject. The actual term describes a series of symptoms that occur when a person’s brain is damaged by small strokes or other particular diseases (www.alzheimers. org.uk,2013). Essentially, the brain starts to break down, which is why we see this occur more often in the elderly. Some of these symptoms include loss of memory, communication problems, and quick changing mood swings such as anger or sadness. Dementia is a very difficult illness to live with, not only for the person with the illness, but for the people around them. Friends and family often seek counseling and help to find ways to deal with someone with this disease. Dementia is a progressive illness, meaning over time, the symptoms will eventually get worse as the brain and functions deteriorate. However, it is important to remember that the illness affects everyone in his or her own way and at different rates. While there is no known cure for Dementia, there are treatments available to help alleviate symptoms for the patient and relieve stress for the caregiver and family.
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1.2 Problem & Purpose Statement
It is difficult to care for individuals with dementia when one does not have the necessary knowledge or resources to do so.
The purpose of this study was to research and develop a device to assist family and friends with increasing coping skills when caring for individuals with symptoms of dementia.
1.3 Significance of Study
The study was important because Dementia is an illness that affects millions of people worldwide as well as in the United States alone. This disease creates emotional, physical, and psychological damage to the patients that suffer from the illness as well as the family members and caregivers of those patients. A solution to this problem can provide reassurance and ease to family members and caregivers who experience the sadness and stress of caring for someone with this illness.
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1.4 Assumptions
Dementia affects men and women differently. Symptoms of dementia affect people of a certain age (elderly). Dementia affects people living in urban environments differently than rural environments. Products on the market to help dementia patients are expensive and ineffective. Family, friends, and caregivers are also negatively affected by symptoms of Dementia of a loved one.
1.5 Definition of Terms Agitation A state of emotional disturbance and/or restlessness. Alzheimer’s Disease The most common form of Dementia that affects memory and other cognitive functions. Caregiver A person who provides help and support to another person, usually a relative or friend. More specifically, a caregiver is someone who looks after another person who would not otherwise be able to live independently at home. CAT Scan Abbreviation for Computerized Axial Tomography Scan. A medical imaging method that generates two-dimensional images of a section through a three-dimensional object such as a person’s head. Cerebral Cortex The outer layers of the brain, involved in many complex functions including thinking, memory, movement and the senses eg. smell, vision, hearing, touch.
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Cognition The process of awareness, learning, thinking, and judging. Cognitive Therapy A treatment that involves teaching a person to think differently about a problem or situation. Continence The ability to exercise voluntary control over the bladder and/or bowel. Delirium A clinical syndrome characterized by sudden onset of confusion. Describes a set of symptoms that impair cognitive and physical function and can lead to severe illness and possibly death. It is often brought on by an underlying medical illness or medications. Frontal Lobe Dementia A form of Dementia in which the disease mainly affects the frontal lobes of the brain. Memory is affected less than with other forms of Dementia, but there may be loss of motivation and disinhibition.
Definition of Terms Front Temporal Dementia A form of Dementia in which the disease mainly affects the frontal and anterior temporal lobes of the brain. Geriatrician A doctor who specializes in the care of older people. Mild Cognitive Impairment Usually defined as significant memory loss without the loss of other cognitive functions. People with Mild Cognitive Impairment have more memory problems than expected from others of a similar age, but are able to function independently and do not usually show other signs of Dementia, such as problems with reasoning or judgment. MRI Scan Abbreviation for Magnetic Resonance Imaging scan. A type of brain scan that creates pictures using a powerful magnetic field rather than X-rays. Neurotransmitter One of a group of chemicals secreted by a nerve cell (neuron) to carry a chemical message to another nerve cell, often as a way of transmitting a nerve impulse. Examples of neurotransmitters include acetylcholine, dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine.
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Pick’s Disease A rare form of Dementia that affects more younger people than Alzheimer’s Disease. It affects language and personality before there is any significant change in memory. Sun Downing When people with Dementia become confused, restless or insecure late in the afternoon or early evening. It can be worse after a move or a change in their routine (for example, hospitalization). They may become demanding, restless, upset, suspicious, disoriented and even see, hear or believe things that are not real, especially at night. Attention span and concentration may be limited and some people may become impulsive, placing themselves at risk. Support Group A group, also known as a self-help group, that aims to provide mutual support for its members. A support group gives people an opportunity to share their feelings, problems and information with other people undergoing similar experiences. Vascular Dementia A type of Dementia associated with problems affecting the circulation of blood to the brain. May result from a series of small strokes.
1.6 Parameters of the Problem
Limited Money and Time Legal issues: consent of family or individual, if they are able to give it. Very important to not encroach on a person’s rights to their independence. OBRA Federal Regulations Regulations regarding how care should be provided to residents in Nursing Homes within the country. Specific standards need to be met and the nursing homes must comply with these rules. Title 22 Regulations State regulations that apply to all community care facilities . Regulated by Community Care Licensing Division of California Not only are there federal regulations, but also State regulations that nursing homes, day care centers, and other community centers need to abide by regarding elderly patients. Belmont Report Set of ethical guidelines/principles for research involving human subjects and how research should be carried out and subjects need to be treated.
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1.7 Parameters of the Design
Key parameters to the design were to utilize the existing GPS technology and incorporate into the final solution. Create a device that is easy to understand and use by the caregiver since they would be the primary user. The device must be weatherproof and durable to withstand constant walking and all weather conditions. Create a solution that is reliable as well as an unobtrusive design so it won’t be noticed by the patient wearing it. Most importantly, to make a positive difference in the lives of families with loved ones with Dementia.
1.8 Hypothesis
It was hypothesized that a device can be made to easily and more effectively assist family members and friends with caring for individuals with symptoms of Dementia.
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1.9 Research Procedure
1. Online article/journal research 2. Library book check out 3. 505 report reviews 4. Survey 5. Personas 6. Existing market research 7. Multiple Dementia support group observations 8. Real people observations 9. Interview with panel expert members
1.10 Chapter Summary
This first chapter was created essentially to introduce the topic and problem to the reader so they become more aware and have a general sense of what the problem is about. The problem and purpose statements were introduced which will be recurring throughout the chapters as well as the hypothesis statement. The reader was introduced to the significance of the study and why Dementia is such a large issue within the population. The definition of terms provided a reference for the reader to look back to if needed.
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Early in the course of Alzheimer’s the destruction of neurons is widespread in the hippocampus, the part of the brain that controls memory. This explains why memory impairment is usually the first sign of Alzheimer’s Disease.
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Chapter 2 Review of the Research Methods
2.1 Introduction to Related Research
This chapter will examine existing related research in order to better understand the problem and in an attempt to validate the established hypothesis. There were many resources used to acquire the research and knowledge necessary to create the final outcome. Multiple books, websites, journals, interviews and observational studies were some of the approaches the researcher took to accumulating the required information. All the collected material combined allowed the researcher to create an appropriate research based design.
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2.2 Problem & Purpose Statement
It is difficult to care for individuals with dementia when one does not have the necessary knowledge or resources to do so.
The purpose of this study was to research and develop a device to assist family and friends with increasing coping skills when caring for individuals with symptoms of dementia.
2.3 Library Resources Library access was essential in acquiring the knowledge necessary to move forward with creating an appropriate design based solution. There are many books available on how to help care for someone with Dementia, but what the researcher discovered and found most interesting, were studies looking into whether or not specific environments and genetics had anything to do with increasing the risk for inheriting Dementia. Currently, not a lot is known why some people have Dementia and others within the same family don’t, but research is now starting to look at possible explanations. According to the Alzheimer Society, maintaining a healthy diet, consistent exercise and emotional wellbeing will eliminate risk factors for Dementia later in life. While the library had many great resources, this was one topic in particular the researcher would like to look into further.
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2.4 Internet Resources Multiple websites and online tools were used in the process of gathering information on the topic of Dementia. There was a lot of information on the topic available, however, it was important to do a thorough job “weeding” through the scholarly information from legitimate websites versus facts or information found on a blog. The National Institute of Neurological Disorders provided a wealth of information on what causes Alzheimer’s Disease, the available treatments, the prognosis, and what research is currently being done regarding the disease. Many people who know someone with Dementia are aware that the symptoms occur because the cells, nerves, and neurons in an individual’s brain are rapidly deteriorating. This causes confusion, memory loss, and mood swings to name a few. Eventually however, as the disease spreads, the individual will begin to experience behavior and personality changes, and decline in cognitive abilities such as decision making and language skills (www.ninds.nih.gov, 2013). The frightening discovery about Dementia is there is currently no reversal treatment. Once a person is diagnosed with a form of Dementia, it is a matter of a couple years before the cells and neurons in their brain are severely deteriorated. There are several treatments that have been proven to halt the onset of symptoms of Dementia or even improve already existing symptoms. Various types of medicines can be taken to improve mood, increase vitamins to eliminate deficiency and even restore a balance of hormones. Many games and puzzles that keep the brain thinking and active are effective ways to slow down Dementia. Another effective treatment known is light therapy. Sunlight is best, or otherwise blue light between 420- 530 lumen helps restore circadian rhythms, improving sleep patterns and creating a routine for the individual’s body to adjust to and rely on.
2.5 Surveys
Analyzing survey results proved to be very interesting in terms of the responses that were received. Answers varied based on the types of questions presented, but it was surprising how little knowledge there seemed to be regarding the difference between Alzheimer’s Disease and Dementia. The results are compiled in the following graphics.
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Do you know someone who has Dementia or know someone who is affected by someone with Dementia? Yes No
Do you know the differences between Dementia and Alzheimer’s?
62% 38%
Yes No
46% 54%
Are you aware of other symptoms of Dementia? Yes No Do you think symptoms of Dementia such as memory loss, irritable moods, and communication dif�iculties are a real problem? Yes No
92% 8%
38% 62%
If there was a tool available to help you interact with the person you know with Dementia, would that be bene�icial to you? Yes No
If you know someone with Dementia, what have you found to be the most dif�icult symptom to deal with?
91% 9%
Mood swings, memory loss, forgetfulness, denial, disorientation, physical limitations, aggression, paranoia, withdrawal.
Surveys
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2.6 Panel of Experts Meeting with the selected panel of expert members was a very helpful and resourceful way of gaining first hand knowledge and information. Laura Urquiaga, a lecturer in the DAI department at SFSU, spent a copious amount of time producing a time frame and schedule for the researcher to use to help stay on track for the remaining course of the semester. She also had a suggested link to a very interesting article about a new piece of technology that the researcher would find beneficial for her projected device prototype. Speaking with Laura about her knowledge and expertise in the research and development field proved very beneficial for the researcher to gain a better understanding of what user experience testing involves. Darlene Yee, the SFSU coordinator of the Gerontology Department discussed with the researcher a very different topic then the previous panel member. Darlene had a lot of useful information regarding the ethical issues of dealing with patients with diagnosed Dementia. There are several key components to consider when working with elderly patients including the social,
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regulatory, beneficence, and autonomy factors. It is important to keep in mind the legality issues that must be applied to the developed device. Is it safe for someone with dementia to use? Is a dementia patient going to want to use this product? Is this product crossing the line of conservatorship, or rather, taking away the elderly patient’s individual rights? These are all important questions that need to be discussed when thinking about developing a product that is to be used by this specific subgroup. Helen Kao, is a certified geriatrician at the Lakeside Senior Medical Center in San Francisco. She is the founder of the Geriatric Transitions, Consultation and Comprehensive Care at UCSF Medical Center. I chose to get in touch with Helen and ask her advice and opinion on this research proposal due to her knowledge and experience within the geriatric field. She works with many elderly patients every day and has seen a lot of difficulties and experiences that families and caregivers go through with these elderly patients. Helen was very receptive to the idea of a miniscule tracking device because she has not seen or heard of anything like it available and can see a need for it in the market. She was very helpful when brainstorming problems she sees patients encounter and pushed me to research the available GPS technology further.
2.7 Field Research
The researcher sat in and observed several Dementia Support Group Meetings at UCSF Mission Bay Neurosciences Department and found this mode of research to be the most beneficial resource by far. Listening to the stories and difficulties of spouses and relatives currently going through the process of caring for a loved one with diagnosed dementia was inspiring as well as informative. The researcher was able to take copious amounts of notes regarding the real struggles the caregivers were having based on specific stages of dementia their loved one was at. The researcher was able to hear several different cases of diagnosed patients and their differing symptoms. There were a lot of questions that arose from this support group discussion, such as the uncertainty of whether or not dementia is evoked in some way by genetics versus environmental factors.
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2.8 Time Management DAI 505 | Timeline
Madison Bencomo | Spring 2013
Problem/Purpose Statement Review “Overview of What’s to Come” Research Worksheet
Timeline, Survey Class Discussion of Reports Reviewed Finalize ProblemPurpose Statement
Library Research Mid-Term Presentation Format and sign-ups PERT/Gantt chart Hypothesis/Assumptions
Individual Research Time Individual Student Appts.
Jan. 29th–Feb. 4th
Feb. 5th–11th
Feb. 12th–18th
Feb. 19th–25th
Feb. 26th–Mar. 7th
Light Intensity Level
First day of Class Course Syllabus Class Introductions Student Info. Sheet
Mar. 12th–14th
Mar.19–28th
Apr. 2nd–Apr. 11th
Apr. 16th–Apr. 25th
Apr. 30th–May 7th
May 9th–21st
Mid Term Presentations
Sem. Research Report Format Research Time Spring Break
Chapter 1 Review Prototype/Mock-Up Development TIme
Chapter 2 Review Prototype/Mock-Up Development Time Discuss Final Pres. Final Pres. Sign-up
Chapter 3 Review Prototype/Mock-Up Development Time Q&A for Presentation
Final Pres. in Class Written Research Proposal Due
Measurement in Nanometers
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2.9 Gantt Chart Time management was key in developing and progressing with the research. A timeline and Gantt chart as seen below, were created to help keep on schedule.
505 Dementia Gantt Chart Madison Bencomo Task Description Idea Overview of Project Expectations Existing Market Research P&P Review & Confirmation Research 505 Report Reviews Library Research: Books, Articles Internet Research: Journals Field Study Panel of Expert Interviews Surveys Observational Research Midterm Midterm Presentation Chapters 1-‐3 Info: Personas, Terms List, Images Presentation Layout Continued Research Prototype Beginning Prototype Testing of Prototype Final Prototype Revision Final Presentation Finalizing Document
Month Date Week
January 1/29/13 1
2/5/13 2
February 2/12/13 2/19/13 3 4
2/26/13 5
3/5/13 6
March 3/12/13 3/19/13 7 8
3/26/13 9
4/2/13 10
April 4/9/13 4/16/13 11 12
4/23/13 13
4/30/13 14
5/7/13 15
May 5/14/13 16
5/21/13 17
2.10 Chapter Summary
This second chapter provided material for the reader regarding types of research acquired by the researcher, in an attempt for the reader to better understand the depth of the problem and the audience it reaches. Through the many methods of collecting information, the researcher found the field study observations to be the most effective and interesting way to gain knowledge and insight into this topic.
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In 2013, Alzheimer’s will cost the United States $203 billion. This number is expected to rise to $1.2 trillion by 2050. This dramatic rise includes a 500% increase in combined Medicare and Medicaid spending.
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Chapter 3 Method of Procedure
3.1 Introduction
“The Alzheimer’s Association reports that the disease could affect up to 16 million people by 2050. What’s worse, approximately 60 percent of people with Alzheimer’s Disease are prone to wander; if not found within 24 hours, half of these patients may die from dehydration or injury” (navigation.com, 2013). Moving from research to design was a difficult transition for the researcher to make, due to the fact that there was so much to learn about this topic and there are many opinions and different viewpoints regarding the elderly and symptoms of Dementia. However, after extensive individual research, speaking with panel members, and interviewing caregivers, the researcher had a clear idea of the wants and needs of the end user. This chapter will discuss the process involved in developing a solution to the original problem.
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3.2 Problem & Purpose Statement
It is difficult to care for individuals with dementia when one does not have the necessary knowledge or resources to do so.
The purpose of this study was to research and develop a device to assist family and friends with increasing coping skills when caring for individuals with symptoms of dementia.
3.3 Parameters of the Design
The research in this study is limited to helping caregivers and family members keep track of a person with Dementia in efforts to help minimize wandering or lost situations. The solution of this design addresses specific inadequacies of existing products and promotes a design with a greater availability to a wider audience. The solution to this problem was designed to adhere to specific guidelines that were defined by the research. These considerations include size, functionality, materials, safety standards and most importantly, the users wants and needs. It was important to keep the product small, light, and unobtrusive to use. It was also important to make the device easy to use and understand how to use for a variety of age groups. The solution needed to be safe for many people to use and in such a way that it would not hurt the individual using it. Another key factor to this product was making sure this design did not intrude on the individual’s independence and beneficence.
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3.4 Rational
The importance of the research in this report was focused on identifying a problem and finding a solution that would benefit a large number of people, both caregivers and people suffering from Dementia. The researcher saw the need to help families and caregivers on this topic because studies have shown it is only going to continue to grow. “As the number of baby boomers approaching age 65 breaks into the millions, the prevalence of Alzheimer’s disease has soared: An estimated 5.4 million Americans—including nearly half of the 85-plus population—currently suffer from the illness” (navigation.com, 2013). Dementia is a severe illness that affects much of the elderly population and as it is a rising problem, new advances in technology and new products need to be developed to assist the population on dealing with this illness. The researcher spent many hours observing a Dementia Support Group at UCSF Mission Bay in San Francisco and talking to the members about their stories and their concerns. From these visits, the researcher was able to narrow down the topic to find a specific problem to focus on which was that caregivers needing help keeping track of the dementia patients and to keep them from getting lost.
3.5 Sketches & Ideation
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Market Product Research Map
Madison Bencomo DAI 505 Spring 2013 Nancy Noble
3.6 Research Questions
The research questions were key components because they define the limitations of the design. They also explain what the users needs are in such a product, and what aspects of an existing design need to be modified. Hypothesis: It was hypothesized that a device can be made to easily and more effectively assist family members and friends with caring for individuals with symptoms of Dementia.
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3.7 Materials Study
During the prototyping stage, the researcher was looking at different materials the potential device could be made out of. Plastics and Silicones were considered for the outer surface to protect the internal GPS device from weather and wear. This would also help lower costs. The size of the GPS component was also a great consideration. Tracking down the smallest available GPS device, that wasn’t outrageously expensive, and still retained a reliable signal strength was a difficult task. Materials: Plastic shell case with GPS electronics inside, Silicone outer casing Steel prongs 15 mm long by 1 mm thick. Overall Size: 15mm x 12mm x 6mm GPS Size: 8x8x2mm Weight approx. 10 grams
3.8 Chapter Summary
Gathering information based on observations, interviews, books, articles, journals, and online research, the final design emerged. Constantly keeping the problem statement in mind, and the users needs was very important to remember through the whole process. Assumptions were made on this topic and answered through the research. The proposed design solution would insure that caregivers would have peace of mind and an easier time tracking down wandering patients. It also made it clear for the public to become more aware of the issue at hand and be able to provide aid if they came across a lost Dementia patient. This in turn would allow Dementia patients more freedom, independence, and confidence to go on walks by themselves, and would allow caregivers to be more at ease with the idea of letting the patients go on their own. The solution is designed by the analysis of the research within this report and based on correcting inadequacies of existing products.
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The daily challenges and frustrations of caring for an individual with Dementia can leave family members feeling both physically and emotionally drained. Because family caregivers are often faced with overwhelming day-to-day responsibilities, most tend to neglect their own physical and mental health.
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Chapter 4 Solution to the Problem
4.1 Proposed Solution
The final research driven solution is a miniscule GPS tracking device that essentially sticks into the heel on the bottom of a patient’s shoe. The device is made up of the GPS component, battery, plastic shell enclosing the electronics, a silicone casing to protect everything from water damage, and the two or four short, 15mm, metal prongs which stick into the shoe. This design solution is intended to eliminate lost patients who for example, can’t remember their way back home and to create a less stressful environment for the caregiver when the patient does decide to go out on a walk, or even happens to wander off.
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4.2 Model Renderings
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4.3 Prototype Development
4.4 Summary & Conclusion
The next steps to continue on with this research would be to observe different types of shoes that elderly adults wear and make sure the GPS device could fit into the bottom. Also, an idea would be to try to adjust the design of the GPS device so that it fits inside of a patients shoe rather than on the bottom. This might be a more reliable option as there would be no worry of the device falling out on accident. Another thing to think about is if this sort of device would pass through a common screening test such as in airport security. There are many avenues to look into furthur with this topic, but due to the limited timeframe of the class, the researcher made the most of what was available and tried to delve deeper into the subject. This is a learning process. First one must start small with a narrow scope and do research on the specifics of that topic or idea. Then eventually one is able to test those findings, and research greater and greater areas, topics, and disciplines.
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4.5 Works Cited Alzheimer’s Disease Information Page: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS). (2013, April 2). National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS). Retrieved April 12, 2013, from http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/ alzheimersdisease/-alzheimersdisease.htm Can Dementia Be Prevented. (n.d.). Annual Review. Retrieved April 28, 2013, from http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev.publhealth.25.101802.122951 Coping with Dementia. (n.d.). Psychiatry 24x7.com. Retrieved February 27, 2013, from http://www.psychiatry24x7.com/bgdisplay.jhtml?itemname=dementia_coping Dementia and Alzheimer’s Disease: A New Direction. (n.d.). National Institute of Health. Retrieved April 27, 2013, from www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3197274/ Dementia Resource Guide. (n.d.). Health.gov.au. Retrieved March 29, 2013, from www. health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/content/35DF1D4D4EBD8747CA257693001DE FFC/$File/18.%20Glossary.pdf Frontotemporal Dementia. (n.d.). UCSF Memory and Aging Center |. Retrieved April 10, 2013, from http://memory.ucsf.edu/ftd/ George, C. (n.d.). For dementia patients’ families, trackers provide reassurance. Chron. Retrieved April 26, 2013, from www.chron.com/news/houston-texas/article/Fordementia-patients-families-trackers-provide-1683704.php GPS Offers Peace of Mind for Alzheimer’s Patients and Caregivers. (n.d.). Navigation.com. Retrieved April 29, 2013, from allthingsnav.navigation.com/article/gps-offers-peacemind-alzheimer’s-patients-and-caregivers Grohol, J. M. (n.d.). Psych Central - New research challenges assumptions about dementia incidence. Psych Central - Trusted mental health, depression, bipolar, ADHD and psychology information .. Retrieved April 12, 2013, from http://psychcentral.com/news/ archives/2005-08/plos-nrc081705.html
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Halepis, H. (2012, February 12). The Alzheimer Tracking Debate | Rocky Mountain Tracking. GPS Tracking | GPS Tracker | Vehicle Tracking. Retrieved April 23, 2013, from http://www. rmtracking.com/blog/2010/02/12/the-alzheimer-tracking-debate/ Kra, S. J. (1986). Aging myths: reversible causes of mind and memory loss. New York: McGraw-Hill. Mind Games: How to Prevent Dementia - Eat + Run (usnews.com). Health News Articles - US News Health. Retrieved February 28, 2013, from http://health.usnews.com/healthnews/blogs/eat-run/2012/11/02/mind-games-how-to-prevent-dementia O’Brien, J. (2000). Successful management of behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD). Chichester, West Sussex, UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Rabins, P. (2012). Memory and the Brain. The John Hopkins Bulletins, 1(Winter 2012 ), 1-19. Sifton, C. (2004). Navigating the Alzheimer’s journey: a compass for caregiving. Baltimore: Health Professions Press. Study Reveals Dementia Patients Benefit from GPS. (n.d.). Live View GPS: Tracking you can trust. Retrieved April 27, 2013, from www.liveviewgps.com/blog/study-revealsdementia-patients-benefit-gps-tracking/ The Difference Between Dementia and Alzheimer’s Disease - DementiaGuide.com - DementiaGuide.com. (n.d.). Learn About Dementia Symptoms, Types, Stages & Signs Of Dementia - DementiaGuide.com. Retrieved April 10, 2013, from http://www. dementiaguide.com/community/dementia-articles/Difference_Alzheimer’s_and_ Dementia The Stresses of Caregiving. (n.d.). Family Caregiver Alliance. Retrieved February 28, 2013, from www.caregiver.org/caregiver/jsp/content_node.jsp?nodeid=891 What Is Dementia? - Alzheimer’s Society. (n.d.). Alzheimer’s Society - Leading the fight against dementia. Retrieved April 2, 2013, from http://www.alzheimers.org.uk/site/ scripts/documents_info.php?documentID=106
4.6 Works Referenced but not Cited Alzheimers and Dementia Activities. (n.d.). Parentgiving Store. Retrieved February 28, 2013, from www.parentgiving.com/shop/alzheimers-and-dementia-245/c/ Difference Between Alzheimer’s and Dementia. (n.d.). Alzheimer’s Reading Room. Retrieved February 28, 2013, from www.alzheimersreadingroom.com/2010/06/whatsdifference-between-alzheimers-and.html Memory Activities. (n.d.). Memory Jogging Puzzles. Retrieved February 28, 2013, from www.memoryjoggingpuzzles.com/ More than a game: Brain training against dementia . (n.d.). Long-Term Living Magazine . Retrieved February 28, 2013, from http://www.ltlmagazine.com/article/more-gamebrain-training-against-dementia Narula, A. (n.d.). Pumping Iron to Prevent Dementia?. Medical Unit. Retrieved April 28, 2013, from abcnews.go.com/blogs/health/2012/04/23/pumping-iron-to-prevent-dementia/ Smith, M. (n.d.). Alzheimers and Dementia Prevention. Helpguide.org. Retrieved February 27, 2013, from www.helpguide.org/elder/alzheimers_prevention_slowing_down_ treatment.htm
64 Delving into Dementia
4.7 Appendix Dementia Survey Questions:
1) Do you know the differences between dementia and Alzheimer始s?
2) Do you know someone who has dementia or know someone who is affected by someone with dementia?
3) Do you think symptoms of dementia such as memory loss, irritable moods, and communication difficulties are a real problem?
4) Are you aware of other symptoms of dementia?
5) If you know someone with dementia, what have you found to be the most difficult symptom to deal with?
6) If there was a tool available to help you interact with the person you know with dementia, would that be beneficial to you?
7) Any other comments?
Madison Bencomo DAI 505 Spring 2013 Nancy Noble