R E P A P
An exhibition of paper-based designs from Stage One Design Students, University of Sunderland
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An exhibition of paper-based designs from Stage One Design Students, University of Sunderland by Madeline Taylor
Simplicity Minimalist design, characterised by simplicity, often includes clean lines, a harmonious color palette, and a consistent subject which subtly displays itself throughout. This style of design emphasizes the most essential elements, aiming for uniformity and objectivity. Simplistic, minimalist design is advantageous for exhibitions such as this one that must prioritize the work being displayed rather than to showcase the layout itself. The lack of adornments in minimalist design is an effective way to let the work speak for itself.
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C O N T E N T 4
2-3 4-13 14-19 20 22-29 30 32 34-41
Foreword & Introduction Paper Forms Origami Kirigami Collage
Alphabet Letters Inside Letters Burnt Letters Clear Contrast
Composition Type in the Environment 2-D Typography 3-D Typography
Infographic Project Workflow Paper Waste Data
Handmade Book Drawings Landscapes Still Life Figure Drawing Patterns & Textures Poster Design 1
Foreword
The Chinese first invented paper in the 10th Century (Han dynasty) and via the Silk Road, it began to spread across Europe and beyond. Since then, paper has been used throughout the world and has become ubiquitous in our everyday lives. For this exhibition PAPER, stage one Graphic Design, Graphic Communication and Advertising & Design students were asked to produce work that demonstrate the multitude of approaches and processes that could be created using this material. This exhibition aims to showcase a diversity of work created by digital means and traditional methods: tearing, folding, cutting, embossing, printing, mark making, construction, rubbing, are some of the processes demonstrated here. There are also installations, mobiles and printed graphics produced to celebrate the use of paper. We are delighted that GF Smith Papers is the sponsor for this exhibition. The Design Team
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Introduction As a stage one design student, I have created this catalogue for the 2021 Paper Exhibition to showcase my work, along with my fellow classmates’ work throughout the first semester of this module. I have chosen simplicity as the core theme for my catalogue which utilizes color blocks, lines extending off of the page, and a consistent color palette throughout. This allows for the work to be the main focus instead of unnecessary embellishments. Each image in this exhibition were all assignments, sessions, or personal projects of mine from the first semester of this module. I used various tools and techniques to create each piece, as well as Adobe InDesign, Illustrator, and Photoshop. Madeline Taylor
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Origami The art of traditional origami includes folding a single square sheet of paper into a sculpture or design of some sort without cutting, gluing, or adhering anything to it. Unlike many other art forms, paper degrades very quickly, leaving few clues as to where it originated or who might have invented this art form. While usually referenced to Japan, origami also has roots in China and Europe. Each culture has shaped this ancient art form to be what is known today as “origami.” In the article Origami fold states: concept and design tool, Alex Avila discusses the impact studying origami fold states has made on mechanical engineers (Avila, 2019). Providing valuable information, origami is a powerful and elegant tool that can be used to solve real world problems for engineers and designers alike.
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Paper Forms
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Kirigami Similar to origami, kirigami is a Japanese art form where paper is made into a design through various cuts and folds. The term “kirigami” was made popular in the United States by Florence Temko’s book Kirigami, the Creative Art of Papercutting, 1962. In Japan, however, this word was already being used to describe the art of cutting paper as “kiru” means to cut, and “gami” means paper; thus, kirigami meant to cut paper. After drawing lines on the back of the paper showing where to cut or fold, Madeline made slices in the page and folded accordingly. Both of these display a pop out structure which utilizes the surrounding light and shadows to add depth to the piece.
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Paper Forms
Paper Forms
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Kirigami Butterflies Evgenija Panevska folds the wings away from the page as this creates the illusion of butterflies as if they are simply standing on the piece of paper. This illusion is further supported with the empty spaces with the shape of wings beneath them, further creating a feeling of lightness and floating. Such feelings are often associated with both paper and butterflies, since both of them are related with being lightweight. A look from the sides reveals an even stronger version of this lightness and calmness.
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Paper Forms
Collage A collage is the process of adhering various materials such as paper, photographs, and fabrics in an assemblage of different forms, thus creating a new whole. Different textures, papers, or patterns can be combined to arrange a meaningful composition. Madeline tore diverse sizes of white and kraft rippled paper to achieve an ombré effect for an abstract collage. The rippled paper makes the element texture a main focus of the piece.
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As a continuation to the previous paper-based designs, Evgenija created this collageto the left which demonstrates an intersection of paper and value. The center of the collage is what mostly depicts a confluence between paper and value. In this case, the value is represented through the use of the ticket material, since that is the “valuable” part of the ticket.
Using images of lips she collected from various magazines, Evgenija constructed a larger set of lips, displaying smaller objects acting as the main components to form the same object as a whole.
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Paper Forms
Collage A focal compilation of female body parts and surrounding elements and patterns is meant to evoke growth and development. The combined use of these elements depicts the idea that people grow, develop and change, which is proof for progress. In particular, the use of the young girl’s face in composition with the legs and pointy shoes conveys an age gap, which essentially means growth. The use of these tones and colors gives off a warm and earthy feeling, in support of the human body. The notion of human growth is further related to the growth of paper as it includes the years-long growing of the tree and then the whole processing later on.
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Alphabet
Letters Inside Letters Evgenija uses small, cut-out letters to portray the design principle of repetition. Each of the letters are represented with smaller versions of themselves, cut out and slightly folded upwards, depending on the direction of the cut. The position of the smaller letters form the shape of the actual letter by filling in the inside of the letter outlines. This paper design is quite similar with the kirigami technique, hence it gives off the feeling of lightness and elegance. Additionally, it is a very time-consuming process which is a perfect opportunity for exploring paper and the letter to their fullest. The engagement and focus needed help the eye and the brain understand the shape and the feel of the paper on a higher level.
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Burnt Letters Experimenting with the nature of paper, Sofia Biziogli burned many strips of paper then layered them to create the background for the letters. She then placed a piece of white paper with the shape of the letter cut out, on top of the background so that the viewer could see the burned edges of the background through the cutout. The irregularity and color of the burnt lines contrasts perfectly to the clear outlines of the letter and white page of the foreground.
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Alphabet
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Clear Contrast Experimenting with negative space, Madeline chose to place the slices based on the structure of the letter; For example, the letter “X” is a symmetrical letter, so the line exists in the very center of the letter creating an almost mirrored effect. The letter “B” however, is not a symmetrical letter but it does have a strong vertical line, thus, the slice utilizes this element. Madeline used cardboard and white paper to explore value.
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Alphabet
Negative Space Continuing the exploration of negative space, Madeline composed several arrangements using the letters from her alphabet. Proximity and alignment are central principles of her designs as these create visual unity throughout each piece.
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Composition
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Good composition is like a suspension bridge; each line adds strength and takes none away” — Robert Henri
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Typography education is a vital part of any graphic design students’ education. 2-D spatial typography is an innovative approach as students create 2-D typographic applications using a word or phrase that relates to the object or surrounding environment. Allowing students to interact with type through the space around them creates an engaging experience necessary for “understanding and experiencing the aspects of environmental design such as signage design exhibition graphics, and corporate identity applications” (Kilic, 2012). Madeline relates the word “send” by cutting it out of an envelope, since envelopes are commonly used to send letters through the post. Alluding to the envelope it is made out of, the word “send” is cut out and folded so that it stands upright.
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Type in the Environment
2-D Typography
back
front
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Type in the Environment 24
Alexander Beikos cut the word “recycle” out of a piece of paper and photographed the paper outside with the grass beneath. Since the word is cut out of the page, the grass underneath can be seen reaching through the letters of this word, offering a compelling connection between the meaning of the word, the grass behind, and the paper itself.
2-D Typography
In a similar vein, Evgenija chose to highlight one of the flaws of paper, its lack of durability. Paper is not resistant to water, heat, pressure, etc. Water, one of paper’s weaknesses, is figuratively displayed through the washing machine. The paper might try to “resist” being destroyed by the water, but like most things that are accidentally put through the washing machine, the paper will be ruined.
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3-D Typography
The 3-D type in the environment is one step further from the 2-D, making the paper design even more tactile and physically correlated with paper. Inspired by the comparison between matte and shiny, Sofia created the word “matte” in 3-D and photographed it with the sun shining through the letters, reflecting off of the sea. These two elements in the background show the contrast between the bright, reflecting sun and the dark, matte letters.
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Type in the Environment
For this design, Evgenija chose the word “cut” which is an adequate term since another characteristic of paper is its sharpness. Sharpness is associated with paper due to seemingly minor but potent paper cuts. This is one of the physical associations with paper which conveys a deeper meaning, and that is the idea that something so light and thin can cause such pain. In addition to the word and its connotation, the letters of the word are purposefully sliced on some of their edges to physically and literally match the idea of the word and its concept. Another correlation between this word and paper is the fact that paper is essentially made by cutting trees and transforming them into various types of paper. This justifies the wooden surface in front of which the 3D type is photographed. Also, the intensity and darkness of the brown tones create a contrast with the white letters, making them stand out even more.
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Type in the Environment
3-D Typography “Writing is a visual expression of language-based communication and the most basic indicator and result of human social development and his evolution is in tune with language, thought, art and cultural exchange and/or development” (Kurtcu, 2017). Madeline created the word “scrap” out of scrap papers she collected and then remade into handmade recycled paper. She then used this paper to form the letters out of papier-mâché and photographed the word surrounded by a pile of scraps.
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Project Workflow 30
Madeline uses an infographic to describe her workflow from start to finish when completing a design related project. While the details of each step may differ based on the project, this is a general guide to her process.
Infographic
Paper Waste Data Evgenija depicts the impact mass paper waste has on the earth through a hand-drawn infographic. She uses simplistic graphics to effortlessly convey the information and bold typography to emphasize different aspects.
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Handmade Book
Using the same process that was used in the 3-D typography project, Madeline made sheets of paper with the intention of creating a book. Two sheets of thin cardboard were used as the front and back cover of the book, binded together using waxed thread.
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Drawings 34
Sofia experimented with different ways to use her pencil and rubber in order to show the transparency of the glass windows. This technique allows the viewer the ability to almost see the furniture inside of the building while still being opaque enough to know there is a barrier of glass. Sofia also used this technique to create the reflection of the house in the water.
Landscapes In this drawing, Sofia used value as the main design element throughout this piece. She distinguishes the repetitious walls from each other by darkening the space between to create the corners of each wall.
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Still Life Using white charcoal on a sheet of black paper, Madeline depicts the most powerful piece in the game of chess— the queen. Instead of drawing the shadows as one normally might, Madeline only draws in the places where the light would bounce off of the chess piece. This technique utilizes contrast as the principle of design in this piece.
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Drawings Figure Drawing Madeline portrays a posed female figure using a charcoal pencil on mixed media paper. She smudges the charcoal to create deeper shadows and utilize a full range of values.
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Texture Madeline created an assortment of different textures ranging from animal prints to mushroom bottoms to brick walls. Each texture was made entirely using a 2B pencil
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Patterns Evgenija hand-drew this pattern, cut it into squares, turned around and glued back together to create the pattern-like look. The design of the pattern is quite minimal and repetitive, creating a black and white piece that gives off quite bold shapes. Also, the cartoon-like design fits the pattern brief because of its simplicity and cleanliness.
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Drawings
Patterns Madeline created a poster representing world peace using a 5H pencil for sketching out the design and colored pencils for coloring it in.
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P A P E R
An exhibition of paper-based designs from Stage One Design Students, University of Sunderland