Bahasa indonesia jendela ilmu pengetahuan

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Romiyatun, S.Pd. Ismoyo, S.Pd.

BAHASA INDONESIA JENDELA ILMU PENGETAHUAN

KELAS VII SMP/MTs

Pusat Perbukuan Departemen Pendidikan Nasional

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs. Hak Cipta pada Departemen Pendidikan Nasional Dilindungi Undang-Undang

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs

Penulis

: Romiyatun, S.Pd. Ismoyo, S.Pd.

Ilustrasi, Tata Letak : Ismoyo Perancang Kulit

: Tim

Ukuran Buku

: 21 x 28 cm

410 ROM b

Romiyatun bahasa Indonesia ,GPFGNC +NOW 2GPIGVCJWCP -GNCU 8++ 5/2 /6U 1NGJ 4QOK[CVWP +UOQ[Q A ,CMCTVC 2WUCV 2GTDWMWCP &GRCTVGOGP 2GPFKFKMCP 0CUKQPCN XKKK JNO KNWU 28 cm $KDNKQITCHK hlm 223 - 224 +PFGMU +5$0 - 462 - 625 -2 $CJCUC +PFQPGUKC 5VWFK 2GPICLCTCP + ,WFWN ++ +UOQ[Q

&KVGTDKVMCP QNGJ 2WUCV 2GTDWMWCP &GRCTVGOGP 2GPFKFKMCP 0CUKQPCN 6CJWP &KRGTDCP[CM 1NGJ

ii

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

-#6# 5#/$76#0

2WLK U[WMWT MCOK RCPLCVMCP MG JCFKTCV #NNCJ 596 DGTMCV TCJOCV FCP MCTWPKC 0[C 2GOGTKPVCJ FCNCO JCN KPK &GRCTVGOGP 2GPFKFKMCP 0CUKQPCN RCFC VCJWP VGNCJ OGODGNK JCM EKRVC DWMW VGMU RGNCLCTCP KPK FCTK RGPWNKU WPVWM FKUGDCTNWCUMCP MGRCFC OCU[CTCMCV OGNCNWK Situs Internet (website) ,CTKPICP 2GPFKFKMCP 0CUKQPCN $WMW VGMU RGNCLCTCP KPK VGNCJ FKPKNCK QNGJ $CFCP 5VCPFCT 0CUKQPCN 2GPFKFKMCP FCP VGNCJ FKVGVCRMCP UGDCICK DWMW VGMU RGNCLCTCP [CPI OGOGPWJK U[CTCV MGNC[CMCP WPVWM FKIWPCMCP FCNCO RTQUGU RGODGNCLCTCP OGNCNWK 2GTCVWTCP /GPVGTK 2GPFKFKMCP 0CUKQPCN 0QOQT 34 6CJWP -COK OGP[CORCKMCP RGPIJCTICCP [CPI UGVKPIIK VKPIIKP[C MGRCFC RCTC RGPWNKU [CPI VGNCJ DGTMGPCP OGPICNKJMCP JCM EKRVC MCT[CP[C MGRCFC &GRCTVGOGP 2GPFKFKMCP 0CUKQPCN WPVWM FKIWPCMCP UGECTC NWCU QNGJ RCTC siswa FCP guru FK UGNWTWJ +PFQPGUKC $WMW DWMW VGMU RGNCLCTCP [CPI VGNCJ FKCNKJMCP JCM EKRVCP[C MGRCFC &GRCTVGOGP 2GPFKFKMCP 0CUKQPCN VGTUGDWV FCRCV FKWPFWJ FQYP NQCF FKICPFCMCP FKEGVCM FKCNKJOGFKCMCP CVCW FKHQVQMQRK QNGJ OCU[CTCMCV 0COWP WPVWM RGPIICPFCCP [CPI DGTUKHCV MQOGTUKCN JCTIC RGPLWCNCPP[C JCTWU OGOGPWJK MGVGnVWCP [CPI FKVGVCRMCP QNGJ 2GOGTKPVCJ &KJCTCRMCP DCJYC DWMW VGMU RGNCLCTCP KPK CMCP NGDKJ OWFCJ FKCMUGU UGJKPIIC RGUGTVC FKFKM FCP RGPFKFKM FK UGNWTWJ +PFQPGUKC OCWRWP UGMQNCJ +PFQPGUKC [CPI DGTCFC FK NWCT PGIGTK FCRCV OGOCPHCCVMCP UWODGT DGNCLCT KPK -COK DGTJCTCR UGOWC RKJCM FCRCV OGPFWMWPI MGDKLCMCP KPK 5GNCPLWVP[C MGRCFC RCTC siswa MCOK WECRMCP UGNCOCV DGNCLCT FCP OCPHCCVMCPNCJ DWMW KPK UGDCKM DCKMP[C -COK OGP[CFCTK DCJYC DWMW KPK OCUKJ RGTNW FKVKPIMCVMCP OWVWP[C 1NGJ MCTGPC KVW UCTCP FCP MTKVKM UCPICV MCOK JCTCRMCP ,CMCTVC Juli -GRCNC 2WUCV 2GTDWMWCP

iii

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs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

iv

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

*#.#/#0 ,7&7. -#6# 5#/$76#0 -#6# 2'0)#06#4 &#(6#4 +5+ 2'0&#*7.7#0

&#(6#4 +5+ K KKK KX X XKK

5'/'56'4 70+6 2#*.#9#0 # /GPFGPICTMCP $GTKVC $ $GTEGTKVC % /GODCEC -COWU & /GPWNKU 2CPVWP 70+6 2'4+56+9# # /GPFGPICTMCP &QPIGPI $ /GPEGTKVCMCP 2GPICNCOCP /GPIGUCPMCP % /GPEGTKVCMCP -GODCNK %GTKVC #PCM & /GPWNKU $WMW *CTKCP 70+6 2#4+9+5#6# # /GPWNKU -GODCNK $GTKVC $ /GODCEC %GRCV % /GPWNKU 5WTCV 2TKDCFK 70+6 .+0)-70)#0 # /GPWPLWMMCP 4GNGXCPUK +UK &QPIGPI $ /GP[CORCKMCP -GODCNK 2GPIWOWOCP % /GPIQOGPVCTK $WMW %GTKVC & /GPWNKU 6GMU 2GPIWOWOCP 70+6 2'0&+&+-#0 # $GTEGTKVC FGPICP #NCV 2GTCIC $ /GODCECMCP 6GMU 2GTCPIMCV 7RCECTC % /GPWNKU -GODCNK +UK &QPIGPI

7,+ -1/2'6'05+ 5'/'56'4

5'/'56'4 70+6 241('5+ # /GP[KORWNMCP 2GPFCRCV 0CTCUWODGT $ /GPCPIICRK %CTC 2GODCECCP %GTRGP % /GODCEC $WMW $KQITCHK & /GPIWDCJ 6GMU 9CYCPECTC /GPLCFK 0CTCUK

v

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs. 70+6 +0&#*0;# 24'56#5+ # /GPEGTKVCMCP 6QMQJ +FQNC $ /GODCEC +PFCJ 2WKUK % /GPWNKU -TGCVKH 2WKUK 70+6 1.#* 4#)# # /GPWNKU *CN 2GPVKPI FCNCO 9CYCPECTC $ $GTVGNGRQP % /GPGOWMCP )CICUCP 7VCOC & /GPWNKU /GOQ 70+6 5'0+ &#0 $7&#;# # /GOCJCOK 2GODCECCP 2WKUK $ /GPLGNCUMCP .CVCT 5WCVW %GTRGP FGPICP 4GCNKVCU 5QUKCN % /GODCEC $WMW %GTKVC #PCM 70+6 '-101/+ # /GTGHNGMUKMCP +UK 2WKUK $ /GODCEC 6CDGN CVCW &KCITCO % /GPWNKU 2WKUK $GTFCUCTMCP 2GTKUVKYC [CPI &KCNCOK

7,+ -1/2'6'05+ 5'/'56'4 )NQUCTKWO

+PFGMU

&CHVCT )CODCT

&CHVCT 2WUVCMC

vi

UNIT 1 PAHLAWAN 6XPEHU VZDUDPXVOLP FRP LQGH[ SKS"SDJH 638,

*DPEDU .L +DMDU 'HZDQWDUD

3DKODZDQ ««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

1

2

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

# /GPFGPICTMCP $GTKVC

/GPFGPICTMCP 2GODCECCP $GTKVC /GPGPVWMCP 2QMQM 2QMQM $GTKVC /GP[KORWNMCP +UK $GTKVC $GTNCVKJ /GP[KORWNMCP +UK $GTKVC 6WICU 4WOCJ

$ $GTEGTKVC /GOCJCOK 7PUWT 7PUWT %GTKVC $CICKOCPC %CTC $GTEGTKVC $GTNCVKJ $GTEGTKVC FCNCO -GNQORQM 6WICU 4WOCJ

2#*.#9#0

% /GODCEC -COWU /GPGOWMCP -CVC 5WNKV /GPECTK -CVC FCNCO -COWU /GPECTK /CMPC -CVC FCNCO -COWU $GTNQODC /GPGOWMCP /CMPC 6WICU 4WOCJ

& /GPWNKU 2CPVWP /GOCJCOK -CTCMVGTKUVKM 2CPVWP ,GPKU ,GPKU 2CPVWP %CTC /GPWNKU 2CPVWP /GPWNKU 2CPVWP 6WICU 4WOCJ

8QLW 3DKODZDQ

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

3

# /GPFGPICTMCP $GTKVC

$GTKVC VGPVW VKFCM CUKPI NCIK DCIK MCNKCP 5GVKCR JCTK FK VGNGXKUK CFC DGTKVC -CNKCP RCUVK KMWV OGPKMOCVK DGTKVC FK VGNGXKUK $GTKVC OGPIJCFKTMCP DGTDCICK KPHQTOCUK +PHQT OCUK UCPICV MKVC DWVWJMCP $GTKVC FK VGNGXKUK FKUCORCKMCP FGPICP EGRCV /GUMKRWP DGIKVW RGOKTUC VGPVW OGOCJCOK CRC [CPI FKUCORCKMCP

6XPEHU EOXHDUWLFXQR EOJVRPH FRP PHWUR

2CFC RTKPUKRP[C DGTKVC DGTKUK VGPVCPI OCUCNCJ MG LCFKCP CVCW RGTKUVKYC /CUCNCJ [CPI FKKPHQTOCUKMCP FCNCO DGTKVC VGTMCFCPI JCP[C RGODGTKVCJWCP VGTMCFCPI LWIC FKUGTVCK RGOGECJCP

)D *GCFNKKPG 0GYU /GVTQ 68

,KMC MCOW OGTCUC MGUWNKVCP OGOCJCOK DGTKVC OGNCNWK VGNGXKUK KVW MCTGPC MCOW DGNWO VGTDKCUC $WVWJ NCVKJCP [CPI KPVGPUKH CICT FCRCV OGOCJCOK KUK DGTKVC -GIKCVCP MCNK KPK CFCNCJ OGPFGPICTMCP DGTKVC 5GVGNCJ OGPFGPICTMCP DGTKVC MCOW FKCLCM WPVWM OGP[KORWNMCP KUK DGTKVC #RC [CPI FKOCMUWF FGPICP MGUKORWNCP! -GUKORWNCP CFCNCJ RGPFCRCV CMJKT FCTK UGUWCVW [CPI FKDCEC CVCW FKFGPICT +MWVK MGIKCVCP DGTKMWV FGPICP DCKM

/GPFGPICTMCP 2GODCECCP $GTKVC &GPICTMCP DGTKVC [CPI FKDCECMCP VGOCPOW 5KCRMCP CNCV VWNKU WPVWM OGPECVCV MCVC MWPEK

2CJNCYCP 1NKORKCFG +PFQPGUKC

.CKNC /WJKDCJ UKUYC 5/20 $QIQT FCP #VKMC #NOKTC UKUYC 5/2+6 7OOWN 3WTQ $QIQT CFCNCJ FWC ICFKU FGPICP RTGUVCUK NWCT DKCUC 5GNWTWJ DCPIUC +PFQPGUKC RCVWV OGPI CEWPIMCP LGORQN MGRCFC OGTGMC /GTGMC OGPIIQPFQN OGFCNK GOCU FCNCO 1NKORKCFG /CVGOCVKMC CVCW [CPI UGECTC TGUOK FKUGDWV Å‘6JG UV 9K\CTF QH /CVJGOCVKEU +PVGTPCVKQPCN %QORGVKVKQP 9+</+% Å’ -GLWCTCCP KVW FKIGNCT FK .WEMPQY +PFKC RCFC 1MVQDGT NCNW 6XPEHU KWWS ILQDQFHPDQLOD QHW

*DPEDU 3HVHUWD :,=0,& )RWR %HUVDPD ,QGLD

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Å‘RCJNCYCPÅ’ [CPI OGODWMVKMCP DCJ

8QLW 3DKODZDQ

4

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

YC +PFQPGUKC OCUKJ GMUKU FCNCO MCPECJ INQ DCN &CTK OGFKC MKVC VCJW DCJYC MGGORCV UKUYC KVW FKDKPC QNGJ 4KFYCP *CUCP 5CRWVTC &KC CFCNCJ 2TGUKFGP &KTGMVWT -NKPKM 2GPFKFKMCP /+2# [CPI LWIC RGODKPC PCUKQPCN WPVWM +PVGTPCVKQPCN /CVJGOCVKE CPF 5EKGPEG 1N[ORKE +/51 DKFCPI /CVGOCVKMC )WTW [CPI UCDCT OGODKODKPI OWTKFP[C UGNCOC FWC DWNCP UGLCM #IWUVWU KVW LWIC Å‘RCJNCYCPÅ’ [CPI CECR VGTNWRCMCP #MJKT CMJKT KPK MKVC UGTKPI OGPFGPICT MCVC RCJNCYCP FKWECRMCP 0COWP UC[CPI MCVC KVW VKFCM FKDGTK OCMPC [CPI MQPMTGV /KUCNP[C MKVC UGDWV IWTW UGDCICK Å‘RCJNCYCP VCPRC VCPFC LCUCÅ’ 0COWP MGUGLCJVGTCCPP[C VKFCM VGTNCNW FKRGTJCVKMCP UGJKPIIC VWPVWVCP CPIICTCP RGPFKFKMCP UGDGUCT WPVWM OGORGTDCKMK MWCNKVCU RGPFKFKMCP FKCPIICR UGDCICK DGDCP -KVC LWIC OGPLWNWMK RCTC

VGPCIC MGTLC FK OCPECPGICTC 6-+ FCP 6-9 UGDCICK Å‘RCJNCYCP FGXKUCÅ’ 0COWP RGTNCMWCP VGTJCFCR OGTGMC EGPFGTWPI VKFCM OCPWUKCYK /CMPC Å‘RCJNCYCPÅ’ OGPICNCOK FGITCFCUK FCP OCMKP NCPIMC MKVC VGOWK UQUQM KVW FCTK JCTK MG JCTK -QPVTKDWUK [CPI FKDGTKMCP .CKNC FCP #VKMC UGTVC LWVCCP MCWO OWFC NCKPP[C CFC NCJ YWLWF MQPMTGV PKNCK PKNCK MGRCJNCYCPCP 2CJNCYCP [CPI UGUWPIIWJP[C VKFCM RGTPCJ OCVK /GTGMC UGPCPVKCUC JCFKT FCNCO UG IGPCR CURGM MGJKFWRCP MKVC &CNCO CUTCOC 225&/5 [CPI MKPK VGTUGDCT FK NKOC MQVC MCOK DGTVGMCF WPVWM OGPIJKFWRMCP VGTWU LKYC MGRCJNCYCPCP KVW

JVVR RRUFOU QTI RCJNCYCP JCTK KPK JVO FGPICP RGPIWDCJCP

/GPGPVWMCP 2QMQM 2QMQM $GTKVC

7PVWM OGP[KORWNMCP KUK DGTKVC MCOW RGTNW OGPGPVWMCP RQMQM RQMQM DGTKVC #RC KVW RQMQM RQMQM DGTKVC! 2QMQM RQMQM DGTKVC OGNKRWVK WPUWT RGTVCP[CCP FGPICP MCVC VCP[C CRC UKCRC MCRCP OGPICRC FK OCPC FCP DCICKOCPC 7PUWT WPUWT KVW DKCUC FKUGDWV 9 FCP * 9 OGTWRCMCP MGRGPFGMCP FCTK YJCV CRC YJQ UKCRC YJGP MCRCP YJGTG FK OCPC FCP YJ[ OGPICRC UGFCPIMCP * CFCNCJ JQY DCICKOCPC

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Å‘6JG UV 9K\CTF QH /CVJGOCVKEU +PVGTPCVKQPCN %QORGVKVKQP

9+</+% Å’ [CPI FKIGNCT FK .WEMPQY +PFKC RCFC 1MVQDGT NCNW

8QLW 3DKODZDQ

2GTVCP[CCP 5KCRC [CPI OGPIIQPFQN GOCU FCNCO 1NKORKCFG /CVG OCVKMC 9+</+%! 2QMQM DGTKVC &WC ICFKU [CPI OGPIIQP FQN GOCU FCNCO 1NKORKCFG /CVGOCVKMC 9+</+% CFC NCJ .CKNC /WJKDCJ FCP #VKMC #NOKTC

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

5

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

2GTVCP[CCP Å—

Å—

Å—

Å—

2QMQM DGTKVC Å—

Å—

Å—

Å—

Å—

&K VGPICJ FWMC CMKDCV DGPECPC [CPI FCVCPI UKNKJ DGTICPVK RTGUVCUK [CPI OGTGMC TCKJ OGTWRCMCP JKDWTCP VGT UGPFKTK /GTGMC CFCNCJ Å‘RCJNCYCPÅ’ WPVWM OGODWMVKMCP DCJYC +PFQPGUKC OCUKJ GMUKU FCNCO MCPECJ INQDCN &CTK OGFKC MKVC VCJW DCJYC MGGORCV UKUYC KVW FKDKPC QNGJ 4KFYCP *CUCP 5CRWVTC 2TGUKFGP &KTGMVWT -NKPKM 2GPFKFKMCP /+2# [CPI LWIC RGODKPC PCUKQPCN WPVWM +PVGTPCVKQPCN /CVJGOCVKE CPF 5EKGPEG 1N[ORKE +/51 DKFCPI /CVGOCVKMC )WTW [CPI UCDCT OGODKODKPI OWTKFP[C UGNCOC FWC DWNCP UGLCM #IWUVWU KVW LWIC Å‘RCJNCYCPÅ’ [CPI CECR VGTNWRCMCP

2GTVCP[CCP Å—

Å—

Å—

Å—

2QMQM DGTKVC Å—

Å—

Å—

Å—

Å—

#MJKT CMJKT KPK MKVC UGTKPI OGPFGPICT MCVC RCJNCYCP FKWECRMCP 0COWP UC[CPI MCVC KVW VKFCM FKDGTK OCMPC [CPI MQPMTGV /KUCNP[C MKVC UGDWV IWTW UGDCICK Å‘RCJNCYCP VCPRC VCPFC LCUCÅ’ 0COWP MGUGLCJVGTCCPP[C VKFCM VGTNCNW FKRGTJCVKMCP UGJKPIIC VWPVWVCP CPIICTCP RGPFKFKMCP UGDGUCT WPVWM OGO RGTDCKMK MWCNKVCU RGPFKFKMCP FKCPIICR UGDCICK DGDCP -KVC LWIC OGPLWNWMK RCTC VGPCIC MGTLC FK OCPECPGICTC 6-+ FCP 6-9 UGDCICK Å‘RCJNCYCP FGXKUCÅ’ 0COWP RGTNCMWCP VGTJCFCR OGTGMC EGPFGTWPI VKFCM OCPWUKCYK /CMPC Å‘RCJNCYCPÅ’ OGPICNCOK FGITCFCUK FCP OCMKP NCPIMC MKVC VGOWK UQUQM KVW FCTK JCTK MG JCTK

2GTVCP[CCP Å—

Å—

Å—

Å—

2QMQM DGTKVC Å—

Å—

Å—

Å—

Å—

8QLW 3DKODZDQ

6

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

-QPVTKDWUK [CPI FKDGTKMCP .CKNC FCP #VKMC UGTVC LWVCCP MCWO OWFC NCKPP[C CFCNCJ YWLWF MQPMTGV PKNCK PKNCK MG RCJNCYCPCP 2CJNCYCP [CPI UGUWPIIWJ P[C VKFCM RGTPCJ OCVK /GTGMC UGPCPVKCUC JCFKT FCNCO UGIGPCR CURGM MGJKFWRCP MKVC &CNCO CUTCOC 225&/5 [CPI MKPK VGTUGDCT FK NKOC MQVC MCOK DGTVGMCF WP VWM OGPIJKFWRMCP VGTWU LKYC MG RCJNCYCPCP KVW

2GTVCP[CCP Å—

Å—

Å—

Å—

2QMQM DGTKVC Å—

Å—

Å—

Å—

Å—

™

2TGUGPVCUKMCP JCUKN FKUMWUK MCNKCP /KPVCNCJ VCPIICRCP MGNQORQM NCKP VGPVCPI MGVGRCVCP RQMQM DGTKVC [CPI MCNKCP VGOWMCP

6WNKUNCJ RQMQM RQMQM DGTKVC [CPI MCOW VGOWMCP FK DWMW VWICU

+PKNCJ RQMQM RQMQM DGTKVC [CPI CMW VGOWMCP

&WC ICFKU [CPI OGPIIQPFQN GOCU FCNCO 1NKORKCFG /CVGOCVKMC 9+</+% CFCNCJ .CKNC /WJKDCJ FCP #VKMC #NOKTC

AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

5. AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA 6. AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

/GP[KORWNMCP +UK $GTKVC

.CPIMCJ OGP[KORWNMCP UGNCPLWVP[C CFCNCJ OGP[CTKMCP RQMQM RQMQM DGTKVC [CPI UWFCJ FKVGOWMCP 2GTJCVKMCP EQPVQJ DGTKMWV 2QMQM DGTKVC CFCNCJ &WC ICFKU [CPI OGPIIQPFQN GOCU FCNCO 1NKORKCFG /CVGOCVKMC 9+</+% CFCNCJ .CKNC /WJKDCJ FCP #VKMC #NOKTC 5CTK RQMQM DGTKVC FK CVCU CFCNCJ .CKNC /WJKDCJ FCP #VKMC #NOKTC OGORGTQNGJ GOCU FCNCO 1NKORKCFG /CVGOCVKMC 9+</+% ™ 6GPVWMCP UCTK DGTKVC FCTK RQMQM RQMQM DGTKVC NCKP [CPI MCNKCP VGPVWMCP

8QLW 3DKODZDQ

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

7

4CPIMCKNCJ UCTK DGTKVC [CPI MCOW VWNKU OGPLCFK UCVW RCTCITCH 4CPIMCKCP UCTK DGTKVC [CPI MCOW DWCV OGTWRCMCP UGDWCJ MGUKORWNCP FCTK DGTKVC [CPI MCOW FGPICT 2GTJCVKMCP EQPVQJ DGTKMWV

.CKNC /WJKDCJ FCP #VKMC #NOKTC OGORGTQNGJ GOCU FCNCO 1NKORKCFG /CVGOCVKMC 9+</+% AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA UCTK DGTKVC RCTCITCH AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA UCTK DGTKVC RCTCITCH AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAUCTK DGTKVC RCTCITCH AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA UCTK DGTKVC

RCTCITCH AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA UCTK DGTKVC RCTCITCH AAAAAAAAAAA /WFCJ DWMCP OGP[KORWNMCP KUK DGTKVC! -COW RCUVK DKUC $KNC OCUKJ TCIW MCOW FCRCV OGPEQDCP[C 6CP[CMCP MGRCFC VGOCPOW [CPI UWFCJ DKUC 5GMCTCPI IKNKTCPOW DGTNCVKJ OGP[KORWNMCP KUK DGTKVC .CMWMCP FGPICP VGOCPOW MGIKCVCP DGTKMWV KPK

$GTNCVKJ /GP[KORWNMCP +UK $GTKVC

$GTJKVWPINCJ UCORCK /WNCK FCTK UKUYC [CPI FWFWM FK FGRCP UGDGNCJ MCPCP MG MKTK 5KUYC [CPI OGPFCRCV CPIMC DGTICDWPINCJ FGPICP UKUYC [CPI OGPFCRCV CPIMC 5KUYC [CPI OGPFCRCV CPIMC DGTICDWPINCJ FGPICP UKUYC [CPI OGPFCRCV CPIMC FCP UGVGTWUP[C $GMGTLCNCJ FCNCO MGNQORQM 5KORWNMCP KUK DGTKVC DGTKMWV )WPCMCP ECTC [CPI UWFCJ CFC

&GFK 7 *CPFK 2CJNCYCP $CIK 6WPCPGVTC FKTKP[C UGDCICK RGPICLCT KNOW RGTVCPKCP WPVWM RCTC VWPCPGVTC 6XPEHU ZZZ NLFNDQG\ FRP NLFNQHZV DVS

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

*DPEDU %X\XQJ 7XQDQHWUD %HUSUHVWDVL VHGDQJ 0HPEXND 5HNHQLQJ GL %DQN 5DN\DW ,QGRQHVLD 3D\DNXPEXK 6XPDWHUD %DUDW

8QLW 3DKODZDQ

8

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

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

8QLW 3DKODZDQ

RGPWJK FGPICP CNCV CNCV RGTVCPKCP 5GNWTWJ CNCV RGTVCPKCP [CPI FKIWPCMCP QNGJ RCTC VWPCPGVTC DGTUKHCV OCPWCN -GUCDCTCP FCP MGVGMWPCP &GFK OGPICLCT VWPCPGVTC OGODWCJMCP JCUKN -KPK UKUYCP[C OCORW OGPIICTCR NCJCP RGT MGDWPCP OWNCK FCTK RGP[GFKCCP DKDKV RG PCPCOCP JKPIIC RGPLWCNCP JCUKN MG RCUCT /CUKPI OCUKPI VWPCPGVTC [CPI KMWV RGNCVKJCP VGTUGDWV FKDGTK LCVCJ NCJCP IC TCRCP UGNWCU OGVGT RGTUGIK 5GOKPIIW RGTVCOC RCTC VWPCPGVTC OGPCPCO DKDKV UC[WTCP -GOWFKCP UGVKCR FWC JCTK UGMCNK OGTGMC OGOCPVCW RGTMGODCPICP VC PCOCPP[C FGPICP ECTC OGTCDC 2GTMG DWPCP KVW VKFCM MCNCJ TCRK FGPICP RGT MGDWPCP ICTCRCP QTCPI PQTOCN 2CUCNP[C FCNCO OGODWCV RGVCM NCJCP MGDWP OG TGMC OGPIIWPCMCP ICTKU RGODCVCU DGTWRC VCNK UGJKPIIC VKFCM CMCP CFC UC[WTCP [CPI FKVCPCO FK NWCT ICTKU VGTUGDWV /QVQ [CPI FKVGTCRMCP RTKC DGTYCLCJ VGFWJ KVW CFCNCJ MGOCPFKTKCP FCNCO DGTMCT[C 5GNWTWJ UKUYC RGNCVKJCP FKVWPVWV OCPFKTK VKFCM JCP[C VGTDCVCU FCNCO DGTEQEQM VCPCO VGVCRK LWIC FCNCO MGJKFWRCP UGJCTK JCTK /GTGMC JCTWU OGNCMWMCP MGIKCVCP UG JCTK JCTK UGPFKTK 5GRGTVK OGTCRKMCP MC OCT OGOCUCM OGPEWEK RCMCKCP JKPIIC DGTMGDWP VWVWT &GFK 5GVGNCJ UCVW VCJWP OGPIKMWVK RGNCVKJCP VGTUGDWV UGQTCPI VWPCPGVTC OCORW DGTYKTCWUCJC -CTGPC KVW RGNCVKJCP KPK NGDKJ FKRTKQTKVCUMCP OG PCORWPI VWPCPGVTC [CPI MWTCPI RTQ FWMVKH -CTGPC NCOC DGTDCWT FGPICP VWPC PGVTC VKFCM JGTCP DKNC &GFK UGTKPI OG PKVKMMCP CKT OCVC MGVKMC OGNKJCV VWPCPGVTC OGPLCFK RGPIGOKU 6GTNGDKJ LKMC KC RGTPCJ OGPLCFK CPCM FKFKMP[C +VWNCJ CICMP[C [CPI OGODWCV &GFK OCNCU DGRGTIKCP FCP NGDKJ OGOKNKJ VKPIICN FK TWOCJ FKPCUP[C [CPI DGTCFC FK MQORNGMU RGNCVKJCP UGNWCU JGMVCT KVW

UWODGT JVVR YYY TGRWDNKMC EQ KF

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

9

6WNKUNCJ JCUKN FKUMWUK MCNKCP UGRGTVK FCNCO VCDGN DGTKMWV 6WNKU FK DWMW VWICUOW

2CTCITCH

2QMQM $GTKVC

2TGUGPVCUKMCP JCUKN FKUMWUK MCNKCP FK FGRCP MGNCU &KUMWUKMCP FGPICP UGNWTWJ UKUYC LCYCDCP [CPI RCNKPI VGRCV /KPVCNCJ DKODKPICP IWTW LKMC FKRGTNWMCP

6WICU 4WOCJ

&GPICTMCPNCJ DGTKVC FK VGNGXKUK 5KNCMCP RKNKJ .KRWVCP 5%68 4GRQTVCUG 6TCPU 68 FCP NCKP NCKP

5KCRMCP MGTVCU FCP RGPUKN 6WNKUNCJ RQMQM RQMQM DGTKVC [CPI MCOW FGPICT

5KORWNMCP KUK DGTKVC [CPI MCOW FGPICT 6WNKU FK DWMW VWICU 2GTNKJCVMCP FCP OKPVCNCJ UCTCP FCTK IWTWOW FK UGMQNCJ GUQM JCTK

$ $GTEGTKVC $CICKOCPC MGIKCVCPOW OGP[KORWNMCP KUK DGTKVC! 6GPVW MCOW UWFCJ OGPIWCUCK FGPICP DCKM 0CJ UGMCTCPI MKVC NCPLWVMCP FGPICP DGTEGTKVC -COW RCUVK UWMC OGPFGPICTMCP EGTKVC 5CCV UGMQNCJ FK VCOCP MCPCM MCPCM DKCUCP[C IWTW OGP[CORCKMCP UGUWCVW FGPICP EGTKVC /CUKJ KPICVMCP MCNKCP! 6GPVW OCUKJ $KCUCP[C CPCM CPCM OGP[WMCK EGTKVC #RCNCIK DKNC UK RGPEGTKVC DGTEGTKVC FGPICP OGPCTKM $CICKOCPC MGIKCVCP DGTEGTKVC FKMCVCMCP OGPCTKM! 6GPVW UCLC DKNC FKEGTKVCMCP FGPICP WTWV UWCTC OGPCTKM IGTCM VWDWJ OGPCTKM FCP OKOKM [CPI OGPCTKM -CRCP JCN JCN KVW FKMCVCMCP OGPCTKM! 0CJ MGIKCVCP MKVC MCNK KPK CFCNCJ DGTEGTKVC -CNKCP CMCP FKRCPFW WPVWM OGNCMWMCP VGMPKM DGTEGTKVC [CPI FCRCV OGPCTKM RGTJCVKCP #[Q KMWVK MGIKCVCP KPK FGPICP DCKM

8QLW 3DKODZDQ

10

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

/GOCJCOK 7PUWT 7PUWT %GTKVC 5GDGNWO DGTEGTKVC MKVC JCTWU OGOCJCOK KUK EGTKVC %CTCP[C CFCNCJ FGPICP OGOC JCOK WPUWT WPUWT FCNCO EGTKVC 7PUWT WPUWT EGTKVC OGNKRWVK VQMQJ RGTYCVCMCP VQMQJ NCVCT CNWT FCP COCPCV [CPI KPIKP FKUCORCKMCP 6QMQJ CFCNCJ RGNCMW FCNCO EGTKVC 6QMQJ FCNCO EGTKVC VGTFKTK CVCU VQMQJ RTQVCIQPKU FCP VQMQJ CPVCIQPKU 6QMQJ RTQVCIQPKU CFCNCJ VQMQJ WVCOC FCNCO UGDWCJ EGTKVC HKMUK CVCW TGMCCP $KCUCP[C VQMQJ RTQVCIQPKU OGP[CORCKMCP PKNCK PKNCK RCPFCPICP RCPFCPICP CVCW JCTCRCP JCTCRCP [CPI UGUWCK FGPICP RGODCEC 6QMQJ CPVCIQPKU CFCNCJ VQMQJ [CPI OGTWRCMCP RGPGPVCPI VQMQJ WVCOC 6QMQJ CPVCIQPKU DKCUCP[C OGP[GDCDMCP MQPHNKM CVCW MGVGICPICP RCFC VQMQJ RTQVCIQPKU $GTFCUCTMCP RGTYCVCMCPP[C VQMQJ EGTKVC FCRCV FKDGFCMCP MG FCNCO VQMQJ UGFGT JCPC FCP VQMQJ DWNCV MQORNGMU 6QMQJ UGFGTJCPC JCP[C OGOKNKMK UCVW UKHCV YCVCM VGTVGPVW UCLC 6QMQJ MQORNGMU OGOKNKMK DGTDCICK MGOWPIMKPCP UKMCR FCP VKPFCMCP KC LWIC UGTKPI OGODGTKMCP MGLWVCP .CVCT CFCNCJ VGORCV YCMVW FCP NKPIMWPICP UQUKCN VGTLCFKP[C RGTKUVKYC FCNCO EGTKVC #NWT RNQV CFCNCJ RGTKUVKYC RGTKUVKYC EGTKVC [CPI OGORWP[CK RGPGMCPCP RCFC CFCP[C JWDWPICP UGDCD CMKDCV #OCPCV CFCNCJ UGUWCVW JCN RGPVKPI FCP DCKM [CPI DGTJWDWPICP FGPICP OQTCN [CPI KPIKP FKUCORCKMCP RGPWNKU OGNCNWK EGTKVC $CECNCJ EGTKVC CPCM FK DCYCJ KPK 6GPVWMCP WPUWT WPUWT EGTKVC CPCM VGTUGDWV

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

8QLW 3DKODZDQ

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

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs. )WNKXGT UGOCMKP CMTCD FGPICP RGPFWFWM RGPFWFWM FK NKPIMWPICP KUVCPC )WNKXGT OGODGTKMCP MGPCPI MGPCPICP DGTWRC UG DWCJ LCO MGRCFC OGTGMC 5WCVW JCTK 4CLC FCVCPI FGPICP RWVTK P[C WPVWM DGTWPFKPI 4CLC OGTCUC DKPIWPI MCTGPC TCLC PGIGTK VGVCPIIC KPIKP OGPKMCJ FGPICP RWVTKP[C 6GVCRK RWVTKP[C VKFCM OGPIKPIKPMCPP[C 0COWP LKMC RGTOKPVCCP VGTUGDWV FKVQNCM TCLC PGIGTK UGDGTCPI OGPI CPECO CMCP FCVCPI OGP[GTCPI $CKMNCJ CMW CMCP DGTWUCJC OGPQNQPI 6WCPMW )WNKXGT OKPVC FKUGFKCMCP VCNK VCNK [CPI FK DGTK MCKN RCFC WLWPIP[C -GVKMC KC RGTIK MG RGNCDWJCP MCRCN MCRCN OWUWJ UWFCJ DGTLC LCT FK VGPICJ NCWV )WNKXGT RGTIK MG CTCJ MC RCN KVW 6KDC VKDC KC FKUGTCPI FGPICP RCPCJ RCPCJ MGEKN [CPI VKFCM VGTCUC FK DCFCP )W NKXGT +C JCP[C OGPWVWR OCVCP[C FGPICP VCPICP CICT RCPCJ RCPCJ KVW VKFCM OGPIG PCK OCVCP[C )WNKXGT OGPCTKM MCRCN MCRCN OWUWJ MG RGNCDWJCP *KFWR )WNKXGT *GDCV )WNKXGT UCPICV MWCV #MJKTP[C TCLC PGIGTK VGVCPIIC OGOQJQP OCCH FCP DGTLCPLK VKFCM CMCP DGTRGTCPI NCIK 4CLC KVW LWIC DGTLCPLK CMCP OGPLCNKP RGTUCJCDCVCP 'UQM JCTKP[C )WNKXGT OGPGOWMCP RG TCJW [CPI UWFCJ TWUCM FCP JCP[WV VGT QODCPI CODKPI QODCM -CNCW MQPFKUK RG TCJW KPK DCKM CMW OWPIMKP DKUC DGTVGOW FGPICP MCRCN NCWV [CPI CMCP RWNCPI MG

11

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

,CYCDNCJ RGTVCP[CCP RGTVCP[CCP FK DCYCJ KPK

5KCRC UCLC VQMQJ FCNCO EGTKVC CPCM FK CVCU! $CICKOCPC YCVCM OCUKPI OCUKPI VQMQJ FCNCO EGTKVC CPCM FK CVCU! &CTK OCPC )WNKXGT DGTCUCN! #RC [CPI VGTLCFK MGVKMC )WNKXGT DGTCFC FK VGPICJ NCWV! /GPICRC TCLC MGDKPIWPICP FCP OGPICLCM )WNKXGT WPVWM DGTWPFKPI! $CICKOCPC RGPFCRCVOW OGPIGPCK YCVCM )WNKXGT! 6WNKUMCP RGTKUVKYC FCTK CYCN UCORCK CMJKTP[C )WNKXGT DGTVGOW MCRCN [CPI CMCP RWNCPI MG +PIITKU

8QLW 3DKODZDQ

12

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

%CTC $GTEGTKVC

$GTEGTKVC FK FGRCP QTCPI DCP[CM KVW OWFCJ -CNKCP JCP[C RGTNW OGOWRWM TCUC RGTEC[C FKTK ,KMC UWFCJ OGOKNKMK TCUC RGTEC[C FKTK OCMC UGOWC CMCP VGTCUC OWFCJ 5WFCJMCJ TCUC RGTEC[C FKTKOW VWODWJ! $CIWU -CNKCP JCTWU RGTEC[C FKTK 5GNCKP TCUC RGTEC[C FKTK MGTWPVWVCP EGTKVC QNCJ UWCTC KPVQPCUK FCP NCHCN VGRCV IGTCM VWDWJ OGPCTKM CVCW UGUWCK EGTKVC UGTVC OKOKM [CPI UGUWCK KUK EGTKVC LWIC FKRGTNWMCP

C $CICKOCPC UGJCTWUP[C UWCTC MKVC!

5GDWCJ EGTKVC OGOKNKMK VQMQJ FCP UGIGPCR RGTYCVCMCP #ICT OGPCTKM UWCTC CPVCTVQMQJ FCRCV MCNKCP DGFCMCP 5GNCKP KVW VGORQ [CKVW EGRCV CVCW NCODCV RGPWVWTCP EGTKVC JCTWU FKCVWT UGUWCK FKPCOKMC GOQUK EGTKVC 6GTMCFCPI NCODCV MCVC RGT MCVC CVCW EGRCV FCP MKCP EGRCV FCNCO UCVW VCTKMCP PCRCU ,KMC VGORQ RGODCECCP EGTKVC FCTK CYCN UCORCK CMJKT UCOC OCMC EGTKVC VKFCM OGPCTKM 8QNWOG FCP PCFC UWCTC KPVQPCUK FKUGUWCKMCP FGPICP UKVWCUK EGTKVC -CFCPI VKPIIK MCFCPI TGPFCJ MGTCU CVCW NKTKJ 2GPIWECRCP MCVC FGOK MCVC LGNCU 2GNCHCNCP [CPI LGNCU UCPICV FKRGTNWMCP WPVWM MGKPFCJCP EGTKVC 2GOGPIICNCP MCNKOCV LGFC LWIC JCTWU VGRCV -CRCP MKVC DGTJGPVK UGLGPCM FCP MCRCP MKVC DGTJGPVK EWMWR NCOC JCTWU FKCVWT

D $CICKOCPC UGJCTWUP[C MKVC OGODCYC VWDWJ MKVC!

2GTVCOC RGTEC[C FKTK -GFWC DGTFKTK FGPICP VGICM PCOWP VKFCM MCMW

-GVKIC NCMWMCP MQPVCM OCVC FGPICP RGPFGPICT UGECTC DGTICPVKCP -GGORCV OGPIIGTCMMCP VWDWJ UGUWCK KTCOC EGTKVC ,KMC MCOW OGPIJC[CVK KUK EGTKVC IGTCMCP VWDWJ CMCP OGPICNKT FGPICP UGPFKTKP[C -GNKOC JKPFCTKNCJ IGTCMCP [CPI VKFCM RGTNW

E $CICKOCPC UGJCTWUP[C YCLCJ MKVC!

'MURTGUK UCPICV FKRGTNWMCP UCCV DGTEGTKVC 'MURTGUK JCTWU UGUWCK FGPICP UKVWCUK EGTKVC OKUCNP[C UGFKJ IGODKTC MGEGYC OCTCJ FCP NCKP NCKP 7PVWM OGPIQNCJ GMURTGUK MCOW DKUC DGTNCVKJ FK FGRCP EGTOKP #VCW LKMC RGTNW DGTGMURTGUK FK FGRCP VGOCP

8QLW 3DKODZDQ

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

13

$GTNCVKJ $GTEGTKVC FCNCO -GNQORQM

$GTMGNQORQMNCJ FGPICP QTCPI VGOCPOW $GTICPVKCPNCJ DGTEGTKVC ,KMC UCVW UKUYC DGTEGTKVC VKIC [CPI NCKP OGPKNCK 6WNKUNCJ RGPKNCKCPOW FCNCO VCDGN DGTKMWV 6WNKU FK DWMW VWICU 2KNKJNCJ UCVW VGOCP FCNCO MGNQORQM [CPI DGTEGTKVC FGPICP UCPICV DCKM #LWMCP VGOCPOW FCNCO NQODC DGTEGTKVC CPVCTMGNQORQM 2KNKJ VKIC RGPEGTKVC VGTDCKM $GTKNCJ OGTGMC RGPIJCTICCP OGPCTKM 0KNCK RGPCORKNCP VGOCPOW FGPICP VCDGN RGPKNCKCP DGTKMWV 0COC 5KUYC

8QNWOG

.CHCN

+PVQPCUK

)GUVWTG

/KOKM

5KPVC

-GVGTCPICP 5KPVC DGTEGTKVC FGPICP DCIWU FCTK XQNWOG NCHCN KPVQPCUK IGUVWTG FCP OKOKM

RGPKNCKCP FKUGUWCKMCP FGPICP JCUKN DGTEGTKVC VGOCP

6WICU 4WOCJ

2GTIKNCJ MG RGTRWUVCMCCP %CTKNCJ DGDGTCRC EGTKVC CPCM $CECNCJ FCP RKNKJ UCVW EGTKVC [CPI RCNKPI OGPCTKM 2CJCOK EGTKVC VGTUGDWV $GTEGTKVCNCJ FK FGRCP QTCPI VWCOW /KPVCNCJ OGTGMC OGPCPIICRK RGPCORKNCPOW FGPICP OGPIKUK VCDGN RGPKNCKCP DGTKMWV 8QNWOG .CHCN +PVQPCUK )GUVWTG /KOKM -GVGTCPICP $CYCNCJ VCDGN RGPKNCKCP FCTK QTCPI VWCOW MG UGMQNCJ /KPVCNCJ UCTCP IWTWOW DGTFCUCTMCP VCDGN RGPKNCKCP QTCPI VWCOW

8QLW 3DKODZDQ

14

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

% /GODCEC -COWU &K OCPC MKVC JCTWU OGPECTK CTVK MCVC MCVC UWNKV! ;C FK MCOWU $CICKOCPC ECTC OGPECTKP[C! #RCMCJ FGPICP OGODCEC UGNWTWJ KUK MCOWU! 6KFCM %WMWR FGPICP OGODCEC OGOKPFCK #TVKP[C OGODCEC UGECTC UGMKNCU WPVWM OGPECTK MCVC [CPI FKDWVWJMCP ,KMC UWFCJ OGPGOWMCP MCVC [CPI FKKPIKPMCP OGOCJCOK MCVC VGTUGDWV -GIKCVCP MCNK KPK CFCNCJ OGODCEC MCOWU /GODCEC MCOWU FKNCMWMCP FGPICP OGODCEC OGOKPFCK 5GNCKP MCOWU OGODCEC OGOKPFCK DKCUC FKNCMWMCP WPVWM OGODCEC CECTC VGNGXKUK CPIMC CPIMC UVCVKUVKM FCP LCFYCN RGTLCNCPCP #[Q KMWVK MGIKCVCP KPK FGPICP DCKM

/GODCEC WPVWM /GPGOWMCP -CVC 5WNKV $CECNCJ VGMU DGTKMWV FGPICP EGTOCV 6CPFCK MCVC MCVC UWNKV OGPWTWV MCOW

/GPIGPCPI *CTK 2CJNCYCP

6XPEHU KWWS ULRNULVPDZDQ ZRUGSUHVV FRP

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

8QLW 3DKODZDQ

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

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs. 2GTVGORWTCP JGDCV FK 5WTCDC[C KVW VGTLCFK VCJWP [CPI NCNW -KPK PGICTC MKVC UWFCJ DGDCU FCTK RGPLCLCJ DGTMCV LCUC RCTC RCJNCYCP 1NGJ MCTGPC KVW UGVKCR VCPIICN 0QXGODGT DCPIUC +PFQPGUKC OGORGTKPICVK JCTK 2CJNCYCP &WNW RCJNCYCP JCTWU DGTMQTDCP FGPICP DGTLWCPI OGNCYCP RGPLCLCJ FK OGFCP RGTCPI DGTDGFC FGPICP RCJNCYCP OCUC MKPK 5CCV KPK RCJNCYCP VKFCM NCIK

15

OGPICPIMCV UGPLCVC 2CJNCYCP DKUC FKCTVK MCP QTCPI [CPI DGTLCUC FK DKFCPIP[C CVCW RWP DGTIWPC DCIK DCPIUC FCP PGICTC )WTW [CPI OGPICLCTMCP OWTKF OWTKF P[C KNOWYCP [CPI DGTJCUKN OGPGOWMCP UGUWCVW [CPI DGTIWPC FCP UGPKOCP [CPI OGP[WODCPIMCP MCT[CP[C DCIK DCPIUC LWIC FKCTVKMCP RCJNCYCP OCUC MKPK

$TCXQ 0Q 0QXGODGT Ō &GUGODGT FGPICP RGPIWDCJCP

/GPECTK -CVC FCNCO -COWU

5GDGNWO MCOW OGPECTK OCMPC MCVC FCNCO MCOWU CFC DCKMP[C MCOW OGPECTK MCVC VGTNGDKJ FCJWNW #FC ECTC MJWUWU WPVWM OGPGOWMCP MCVC FCNCO MCOWU +MWVKNCJ NCVKJCP DGTKMWV

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

/GPECTK /CMPC -CVC FCNCO -COWU -COW UWFCJ DGNCLCT OGPECTK MCVC FCNCO MCOWU 0CJ OWFCJ DWMCP 5GMCTCPI MKVC CMCP OGNCPLWVMCP DGNCLCT OGPECTK OCMPC MCVC FCNCO MCOWU $CICKOCPC ECTC OGPGOWMCP OCMPC MCVC [CPI VGRCV! %CTC OGPGOWMCP OCMPC MCVC FCNCO MCOWU OGOKNKMK WTWVCP [CPI UCOC FGPICP OGPGOWMCP MCVC FCNCO MCOWU -COW EWMWR OGNCPLWVMCP OGPECTK OCMPC MCVC [CPI VGRCV UGUWCK MQPVGMU MCNKOCV

8QLW 3DKODZDQ

16

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

2GTJCVKMCP MCNKOCV FK DCYCJ KPK 5GNCKP KVW VGPVCTC +PIITKU LWIC OGORWP[CK OKUK WPVWM OGPIGODCNKMCP +PFQPGUKC MG $GNCPFC

$CICKOCPC OGPGPVWMCP CTVK [CPI VGRCV WPVWM MCVC OKUK FCNCO MCNKOCV FK CVCU!

$WMCNCJ MCOWU 6GOWMCP MCVC OKUK

-CVC OKUK OGOKNKMK VKIC CTVK 2GTJCVKMCP OK UK P RGTWVWUCP [CPI FKMKTKO QNGJ UWCVW PGICTC MG PGICTC NCKP WPVWM OGNCMWMCP UWCVW VWICU MJWUWU FN DKFCPI FKRNQOCVKM RQNKVKM RGTFCICPICP MGUGPKCP FUD RGTFCICPICP MKVC CMCP OGPICFCMCP MWPLWPICP MG NWCT PGIGTK -CV MGIKCVCP OGP[GDCTMCP -CDCT )GODKTC +PLKN FCD OGPFKTKMCP LGOCCV LGOCCV UGVGORCV [CPI FKNCMWMCP CVCU FCUCT RGPIWVWUCP UDI MGNCPLWVCP OKUK -TKUVWU VWICU [CPI FKTCUCMCP QTCPI UDI UWCVW MGYCLKDCP WPVWM OGNCMWMCPP[C FGOK CICOC KFGQNQIK RCVTKQVKUOG FUD 6GPVWMCP CTVK [CPI VGRCV UGUWCK MQPVGMU MCNKOCV &K CPVCTC MGVKIC CTVK FCNCO MCOWU VGTUGDWV OCPC CTVK [CPI RCNKPI VGRCV WPVWM MCNKOCV Å’5GNCKP KVW VGPVCTC +PIITKU LWIC OGORWP[CK OKUK WPVWM OGPIGODCNKMCP +PFQPGUKC MG $GNCPFC Å’ ;C #TVK UCVW CFCNCJ CTVK [CPI RCNKPI VGRCV WPVWM MQPVGMU MCNKOCV FK CVCU %CTKNCJ OCMPC MCVC MCVC UWNKV NCKP [CPI MCOW VGOWMCP )WPCMCP ECTC [CPI UCOC UGRGTVK FK CVCU

$GTNQODC /GPGOWMCP /CMPC $GTKMWV FKUCLKMCP FWC DCECCP #ICT UGOCMKP RCPFCK OGPECTK OCMPC MCVC C[Q DGTOCKP OGPGOWMCP OCMPC MCVC $GMGTLCNCJ UGECTC DGTRCUCPICP $CECNCJ DCECCP UGECTC DGTICPVKCP FCP VGPVWMCP MCVC MCVC UWNKV

$CECCP 5WTCDC[C -QVC 2CJNCYCP 5GDCICK -QVC 2CJNCYCP 5WTCDC[C OG OKNKMK DCP[CM VGORCV VGORCV DGTUGLCTCJ 6GORCV VGORCV [CPI OGOKNKMK PKNCK UG LCTCJ KPK UGDCICK DWMVK RGTLWCPICP DCPIUC +PFQPGUKC

8QLW 3DKODZDQ

6WIW 2CJNCYCP 6WIW 2CJNCYCP 5WTCDC[C FKDCPIWP WPVWM OGPIGPCPI LCUC RCTC RCJNCYCP [CPI IWIWT FCNCO RGTVGORWTCP OGORGT VCJCPMCP MGOGTFGMCCP +PFQPGUKC 6WIW 2CJNCYCP 5WTCDC[C DGTFKTK MQMQJ OGP

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs. LWNCPI VGRCV FK VGPICJ MQVC 5WTCDC[C VGRCVP[C FK 6COCP -GDQPTQLQ ,CNCP 2CJNCYCP 6WIW [CPI DGTDGP VWM UGRGTVK TQMGV [CPI OGPICTCJ MG DWNCP KPK FKDCPIWP FGPICP DGP VWM [CPI UCPICV UGFGT JCPC 6CRK LWUVTW MG UGFGTJCPCCP KPKNCJ [CPI OGODWCV OQ PWOGP KPK LCFK OG PQPLQN FKDCPFKPI VWIW NCKP FK 5WTCDC[C &K UGDGNCJ VWIW VGTFCRCV OWUGWO &K FCNCO OWUGWO KPK DKUC FKUCMUKMCP UGLCTCJ RGT LWCPICP TCM[CV 5WTCDC[C FCNCO OGNCYCP $GNCPFC FCNCO RGTVGORWTCP OGORGT VCJCPMCP MGOGTFGMCCP

/QPWOGP -CRCN 5GNCO &K UGDWCJ /CN 5WTCDC[C VGTFCRCV UG DWCJ MCRCN UGNCO [CPI FKHWPIUKMCP UG DCICK OWUGWO /WUGWO KPK FKMGPCN FGPICP PCOC /QPMCUGN /QPWOGP -CRCN 5GNCO /QPWOGP KPK UGDGPCTP[C CFCNCJ MCRCN UGNCO +PFQPGUKC [CPI RGTVCOC 2CUQRCVK 2CUQRCVK CFCNCJ LGPKU MCRCN UGNCO 4WUKC [CPI FKDWCV FK 8NCFKXQUVQM 4WUKC RCFC VCJWP MCRCN KPK FKDGNK +PFQPGUKC RCFC VCJWP -CRCN UGNCO KPK DGTUGLCTCJ MCTGPC OGOG ICPI RGTCPCP RGPVKPI FCNCO 1RGTCUK /CPFCNC QRGTCUK OGODGDCUMCP 2CRWC [CPI UCCV KPK DGTPCOC +TKCP $CTCV -CRCN

17

UGNCO KPK LWIC VWTWV UGTVC FCNCO RGTVGO RWTCP FK .CWV #TW [CPI OGNKDCVMCP -4+ /CECP 6WVWN [CPI FKRKORKP QNGJ .CM UCOCPC ;QU 5WFCTUQ -CRCN KPK DGTJGPVK FKQRGTCUKMCP RCFC VC JWP 2CFC VCJWP )WDGTPWT 5WTCDC[C OG OWVWUMCP WPVWM OGP LCFKMCP MCRCN KPK UGDCICK OWUGWO 7PVWM OGOKP FCJMCPP[C MG NQMCUK UG MCTCPI MCRCN KPK FK RQVQPI OGPLCFK DCIKCP 2QVQPICP RQVQPICP MCRCN UGNCO VGT UGDWV MGOWFKCP FKUCODWPIMCP MGODCNK UGVGNCJ VKDC FK NQMCUK UGMCTCPI

/QPWOGP ,GPFGTCN 5WFKTOCP /QPWOGP [CPI DGTFKTK FK ,CNCP ;QU 5WFCTUQ KPK FKDCPIWP WPVWM OGPIGPCPI ,GPFGTCN 5WFKTOCP FCNCO OGOKORKP RGTCPI IGTKN[C OGNCYCP $GNCPFC &K DCYCJ OQPWOGP KPK VGTFCRCV VWNKUCP [CPI DGTKUK RGTMCVCCP ,GPFGTCN 5WFKTOCP CICT RGLWCPI +PFQPGUKC VGVCR RGTEC[C FKTK VGVCR OGNCPLWVMCP RGTLWCPICP OGORGT VCJCPMCP VCPCJ CKT FCP RCPVCPI OG P[GTCJ /QPWOGP ,GPFGTCN 5WFKTOCP FKFKTKMCP UGDCICK JCFKCJ DCIK OCU[CTCMCV ,CYC 6KOWT CVCU RTCMCTUC -QOCPFCP 2CPIFCO 8++ $TCYKLC[C UCCV KVW .GVPCP ,GPFGTCN / ;CUKP

$TCXQ 0Q 0QXGODGT Ō &GUGODGT FGPICP RGPIWDCJCP

$CECCP +26'- 5KUYC 5/2 2GPGOW 6GMPQNQIK 6KPIMCV 0CUKQPCN

4GDWUCP -WDKU /GTCJ ,CFK 2GYCTPC -CKP Amalia Dwi Riska adalah salah satu penemu bidang teknologi tepat guna berskala nasional. Meskipun baru kelas VIII SMP, Riska telah menemukan teknologi yang cocok dengan kebutuhan masyarakat dan bisa dimanfaatkan. Ia menemukan pewarna kain yang dibuat dari rebusan kubis merah.

#OCNKC &YK #TKUMC ICFKU MGNCJKTCP 5GOCTCPI ,CPWCTK KVW NCKMP[C TGOCLC TGOCLC UGWUKCP[C 4CODWV NWTWU UGDCJW DGTRQPK UGTVC OGPIGPCMCP LGRKV TCODWV YCTPC YCTPK +C VKFCM OGPIIWPC MCP MCEC OCVC OKPWU UGRGTVK WOWOP[C RCTC RGPGOW VGMPQNQIK DCTW 2QNCJ VKPIMCJP[C LWIC UCOC UGRGTVK TGOCLC RWVTK

8QLW 3DKODZDQ

18

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

NCKPP[C +C UWMC OGODCEC PQXGN VGGPNKV FCP OCKP ICOG MQORWVGT JKPIIC DGTLCO LCO 5KCRC RWP VKFCM CFC [CPI OGP[CPIMC ICFKU KVW UGQTCPI RGPGOW 2WVTK RCUCPICP &TU 5W[QPQ FCP .GVMQN 5TK 9KF[CUVWVK 5 * KVW OGPGOWMCP VGMPKM OGYCTPCK MCKP FGPICP OGPIIWPCMCP TGDWUCP MWDKU OGTCJ

TGF ECDDCIG [CPI FKECORWT ECKTCP VCYCU +FG RGPGOWCP KVW DGTCYCN FCTK RGNCLCT CP MKOKC FK MGNCU UGOGUVGT -GVKMC KVW IWTWP[C OGP[GDWVMCP DCJYC MWDKU OGTCJ DKUC OGPLCFK RGYCTPC MCKP 6CRK YCMVW KVW VKFCM RGTPCJ CFC MGNCPLWVCP RGNCLCTCP VGQTK KVW )WTW VKFCM OGPICLCTK MCOK FCNCO RTCMVKM /CMCP[C UC[C RGPCUCTCP FCP KPIKP OGPEQDCP[C UGPFKTK MCVC ICFKU DGT MWNKV JKVCO OCPKU KPK 4KUMC VGTICDWPI FCNCO GMUVTCMWTKMWNGT -CT[C +NOKCJ 4GOCLC -+4 FK UGMQNCJP[C -GDGVWNCP FKC FKVCYCTK WPVWM OGPIKMWVK .QODC +PQXCUK 6GMPQNQIK 6GRCV )WPC 6KPIMCV 0CUKQPCN WPVWM 5KUYC 5/62

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

8QLW 3DKODZDQ

5CORCK FWFWM FK DCPIMW MGNCU RWP KC LWIC OCUKJ TCPMKPI RGTVCOC MCVC +DW 4KUMC DCPIIC

#OCNKC &YK #TKUMC VGPICJ LWCTC .QODC +PQXCUK 6GMPQNQIK 6GRCV )WPC 6KPIMCV 0CUKQPCN .+2+ WPVWM VKPIMCV 5/62 DGTUCOC MGNWCTICP[C

/GPWTWVP[C RGYCTPC RCMCKCP FCTK MWDKU OGTCJ KPK UGNCKP JGOCV DKC[C LWIC ICORCPI OGPIGTLCMCPP[C 4KUMC OGPLGNCU MCP RGTVCOC VCOC MWDKU OGTCJ FKKTKU KTKU MGOWFKCP FKTGDWU FGPICP CKT .CNW GMUVTCMP[C FKUCTKPI *CUKN UCTKPICP KVWNCJ [CPI DKUC FKIWPCMCP WPVWM OGYCTPCK MCKP 7PVWM OGPICYGVMCP YCTPC MGVKMC ECKTCP MWDKU OGTCJ CMCP FKRCMCK OGYCTPCK MCKP VWCPIMCP ECKTCP VCYCU %CKTCP TGDWUCP MWDKU OGTCJ KVW CMCP DGTYCTPC OGTCJ OWFC MGVKMC FKECORWT FGPICP NCTWVCP CUCO -CNCW FKECORWT NCTWVCP DCUC YCTPCP[C DGTWDCJ LCFK DKTW WLCTP[C .CTWVCP CUCO DKUC FCTK NCTWVCP CKT LGTWM CVCW EWMC &CTK NCTWVCP DWCJ PCPCU LWIC DKUC +VW MCP VGTOCUWM CUCO LWIC WLCT ICFKU [CPI OGPIKMWVK GMUVTCMWTKMWNGT -+4 UGPK VCTK FCP 2/4 FK UGMQNCJP[C -GFCVCPICP 4KUMC FCTK 5GOCTCPI MG 5WDCPI VKFCM UKC UKC +C OGP[CDGV IGNCT LWCTC RGTVCOC .QODC +PQXCUK 6GMPQNQIK 6GRCV )WPC 6KPIMCV 0CUKQPCN FCTK UKUYC 5/2 UG +PFQPGUKC 6KFCM JCP[C JCUKN MCT[CP[C UCLC [CPI FKPKNCK NC[CM ECTC RGOCRCTCP FCP RGPCORKNCPP[C LWIC NWCT DKCUC 5C[C UGPFKTK VKFCM OGP[CPIMC MCNCW CPCM UC[C DKUC RTGUGPVCUK UGDCIWU KVW FK FGRCP LWTK MCVC 5TK 9KF[CUVWVK 9CPKVC [CPI UGJCTK JCTKP[C DGTFKPCU FK $CFCP 2GODKPCCP #FOKPKUVTCUK 8GVGTCP FCP %CFCPICP -QFCO +8 &KRQPGIQTQ VGTUGDWV VKFCM OGP[CPIMC DKNC RWVTKP[C

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs. MGNWCT UGDCICK LWCTC RGTVCOC FCP OGO DCYC RWNCPI WCPI 4R LWVC 5W[QPQ OGPCODCJMCP RWVTKP[C OG OKNKMK MGOCPFKTKCP FCNCO DGNCLCT FCP FC[C KPICV [CPI VKPIIK 5GNCKP KVW 4KUMC LWIC UWMC OGODCEC FCP TCLKP DGNCLCT -CNCW 5GPKP CFC WNCPICP UGLCM 5CDVW KC UWFCJ DGNCLCT $CJMCP VKFCM OCW FKCLCM RGTIK WLCT IWTW QNCJTCIC 5/# 0GIGTK KPK +C LWIC OGPICVCMCP MCNCW RWVTKP[C UWMC DGNCLCT FK UGODCTCPI VGORCV $CJMCP 4KUMC UGTKPI DGNCLCT FK NCPVCK 2QMQMP[C MCNCW UWFCJ DGNCLCT FK UWCVW VGORCV FKC CMCP

19

DGNCLCT UCORCK UGNGUCK 6KFCM CMCP RKPFCJ RKPFCJ KODWJP[C /GPWTWV IWTW [CPI OGPFCORKPIK 4KUMC UGDGNWO FCP UGNCOC NQODC (TCPUKUEC 5WTCVOK 52F [CPI LWIC IWTW $CJCUC +PFQPGUKC 4KUMC OGOCPI RCPFCK 5GNCOC JCTK KC FKIGODNGPI QNGJ VKIC QTCPI IWTW [CKVW IWTW 6+- $CJCUC +PFQPGUKC FCP +2# VKFCCM UGFKMKV RWP KC OGPIGNWJ

5WODGT 5WCTC /GTFGMC 5GPKP #IWUVWU FGPICP RGPIWDCJCP UGRGTNWP[C

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6WICU 4WOCJ

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,WFWN $CECCP AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA &CHVCT -CVC 5WNKV 0Q

-CVC 5WNKV

#TVK

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20

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

& /GPWNKU 2CPVWP

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/GOCJCOK -CTCMVGTKUVKM 2CPVWP 2GTJCVKMCP EQPVQJ RCPVWP DGTKMWV

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8QLW 3DKODZDQ

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

21

,GPKU ,GPKU 2CPVWP ,GPKU RCPVWP OGPWTWV KUKP[C CPVCTC NCKP RCPVWP LGPCMC RCPVWP PCUKJCV RCPVWP CICOC RCPVWP RGTMGPCNCP RCPVWP MGRCJNCYCPCP FCP RCPVWP CFCV $GTKMWV CFCNCJ DGDGTCRC EQPVQJ RCPVWP DGTFCUCTMCP KUK C 2CPVWP 0CUKJCV RCTCPI FKVGVCM MG DCVCPI UGPC DGNCJ DWNWJ VCTWJNCJ VGOW DCTCPI FKMGTLC VCMMCP UGORWTPC DKNC VCM RGPWJ OGPCTWJ KNOW D 2CPVWP #FCV .GDCV FCWP DWPIC VCPLWPI $GTDCW JCTWO DWPIC EGORCMC #FCV FKLCIC RWUCMC FKLWPLWPI $CTW VGTRGNKJCTC CFCV RWUCMC E 2CPVWP #ICOC $CP[CM DWNCP RGTMCTC DWNCP 6KFCM UGOWNKC DWNCP RWCUC

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E

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F /GPCTKM MWFC RCEWCP -WFC OGNQORCV VGTNCNW VKPIIK

8QLW 3DKODZDQ

22

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

$GNCLCT /GPGPVWMCP 5CORKTCP 2CPVWP

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E

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F $WFK DCKM FK DCYC OCVK $GTDWCV LCJCV LCPICP FKNCMWMCP

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8QLW 3DKODZDQ

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

23

5$1*.80$1 %DJDLPDQD PHPEXDW NHVLPSXODQ EHULWD" /DQJNDK ODQJNDKQ\D DGDODK PHPEDFD DWDX PHQGHQJDU EHULWD GHQJDQ VDNVDPD PHQHQWXNDQ SRNRN SRNRN EHULWD GDQ PHQJJDEXQJNDQ DWDX PHUDQJNDL SRNRN SRNRN EHULWD \DQJ GLWHPXNDQ 8QWXN GDSDW EHUFHULWD WHUOHELK GDKXOX KDUXV PHPDKDPL XQVXU XQVXU FHULWD VHSHUWL WRNRK GDQ ZDWDNQ\D ODWDU WHPD DPDQDW GDQ SHVDQ \DQJ LQJLQ GLVDPSDLNDQ ROHK SHQXOLV 6HWHODK LWX EHUODWLKODK EHUFHULWD GHQJDQ WHPDQPX *XQDNDQ VXDUD \DQJ NHUDV LQWRQDVL \DQJ MHODV VHUWDL GHQJDQ JHUDNDQ DQJJRWD EDGDQ VHSHUWL JHUDNDQ WDQJDQ 6HODLQ LWX SDGD VDDW EHUFHULWD HNVSUHVL ZDMDK MXJD KDUXV PHQGXNXQJ .DODX \DQJ GLFHULWDNDQ VHGLK ZDMDK LNXW VHGLK .DODX FHULWDQ\D EDKDJLD ZDMDK MXJD LNXW EHUVHUL 7HUDNKLU WHUXV EHUODWLK XQWXN PHQJDVDK NHWHUDPSLODQPX GDODP EHUFHULWD GL GHSDQ WHPDQ WHPDQPX 0HPEDFD NDPXV EHUEHGD GHQJDQ PHPEDFD WHNV SDGD XPXPQ\D 3DGD VDDW PHPEDFD NDPXV XQWXN PHQHPXNDQ PDNQD VXDWX NDWD \DQJ SHUWDPD NDOL EHUDOLK NH NDWD GDVDU DSDELOD NDWD \DQJ GLSHUKDWLNDQ DGDODK KXUXI GHSDQ NHPXGLDQ GLFDUL DGDODK NDWD EHULPEXKDQ 6HWHODK NDWD NDWD GDVDU \DQJ GLFDUL GLWHPXNDQ FDUL GL EDZDKQ\D NDWD EHULPEXKDQ \DQJ GLPDNVXG .HPXGLDQ OLKDW DUWLQ\D \DQJ VHVXDL GHQJDQ NRQWHNV NDUHQD ELDVDQ\D VDWX NDWD PHPSXQ\DL OHELK GDUL VDWX PDNQD 3DQWXQ PHPSXQ\DL EHUPDFDP PDFDP MHQLV VHSHUWL SDQWXQ QDVLKDW SDQWXQ MHQDND SDQWXQ FLQWD SDQWXQ DGDW SDQWXQ DJDPD SDQWXQ EXGL GDQ VHEDJDLQ\D 6HPXD SDQWXQ WHUGLUL DWDV NDOLPDW VDPSLUDQ GDQ LVL 6HWLDS NDOLPDW GDODP SDQWXQ WHUGLUL DWDV ² NDWD ULPD D D D D DWDX D E D E .HQDOL FLUL FLUL SDQWXQ WHUVHEXW XQWXN GDSDW PHQXOLV SDQWXQ GHQJDQ EHQDU

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/CORW

$GNWO /CORW

%CVCVCP

8QLW 3DKODZDQ

24

8QLW 3DKODZDQ

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

UNIT 2 PERISTIWA 6XPEHU KWWS ZZZ GHSKXW JR LG

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25

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

26

# /GPFGPICTMCP &QPIGPI

/GPFGPICTMCP 2GODCECCP &QPIGPI /GPGOWMCP 7PUWT &QPIGPI [CPI /GPCTKM $GTFKUMWUK $GTNCVKJ 5GPFKTK 6WICU 4WOCJ

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& /GPWNKU $WMW *CTKCP /GPICOCVK %QPVQJ %CVCVCP *CTKCP /GPIKFGPVKHKMCUK %CVCVCP *CTKCP /GPWNKU %CVCVCP *CTKCP 6WICU 4WOCJ

8QLW 3HULVWLZD

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

27

# /GPFGPICTMCP &QPIGPI

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/GPFGPICTMCP 2GODCECCP &QPIGPI

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)QPDG FCP +VKM

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8QLW 3HULVWLZD

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

28

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

5WODGT YYY G UOCTVUEJQQN EQO

/GPGPVWMCP 7PUWT &QPIGPI [CPI /GPCTKM

$CICKOCPC FQPIGPI [CPI MCOW FGPICT FK CVCU! /GPCTKM DWMCP! 6QMQJ FQPIGPI FK CVCU CFCNCJ OCPWUKC CVCW )QPDG FCP &GYC 4CLC *CNKNKPVCT $CIKCP EGTKVC OCPC [CPI MCOW UWMC! /WPIMKP DCIKCP EGTKVC [CPI MCOW UWMC DGTDGFC FGPICP VGOCPOW %QDC VCP[CMCP VGOCPOW DCIKCP OCPC [CPI FKUWMCK FCTK FQPIGPI [CPI DGTLWFWN )QPDG FCP +VKM 0CJ WPVWM OGODCPVWOW OGPGPVWMCP JCN JCN CVCW WPUWT [CPI OGPCTKM LCYCDNCJ RGTVCP[CCP RGTVCP[CCP DGTKMWV

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Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

29

,CYCDNCJ RGTVCP[CCP RGTVCP[CCP FK DCYCJ KPK 6WNKU LCYCDCPOW FK DWMW VWICU 5KCRC UCLCMCJ VQMQJ [CPI VGTFCRCV FCNCO FQPIGPI )QPDG FCP +VKM! $CICKOCPC YCVCM RCTC VQMQJ FCNCO FQPIGPI )QPDG FCP +VKM! 6WNKUMCP CNWT EGTKVC FQPIGPI )QPDG FCP +VKM 6GPVWMCP NCVCT EGTKVC FQPIGPI )QPDG FCP +VKM *CN JCN CRC [CPI DKUC MCOW VGNCFCPK FCTK FQPIGPI )QPDG FCP +VKM! #RC RGUCP [CPI KPIKP FKUCORCKMCP OGNCNWK FQPIGPI )QPDG FCP +VKM! $CIKCP OCPC [CPI OGPCTKM OGPWTWV MCOW! /GPICRC MCOW OGP[WMCK DCIKCP KVW!

$GTFKUMWUK 5WFCJ UGNGUCK OGPLCYCD RGTVCP[CCP FK CVCU! 7PVWM OGPIGVCJWK LCYCDCPOW DGPVWM UGDWCJ MGNQORQM .CMWMCP MGIKCVCP MGNQORQM UGRGTVK DGTKMWV

$GTMGNQORQMNCJ FGPICP QTCPI VGOCPOW $CECMCPNCJ LCYCDCP FCTK RGTVCP[CCP RGTVCP[CCP FK CVCU

&KUMWUKMCPNCJ LCYCDCP LCYCDCP MCNKCP 5WFCJ DGPCT CVCW DGNWO

&K CPVCTC MCNKCP DGTVKIC CRCMCJ LCYCDCP WPVWM RGTVCP[CCP PQOQT UCOC! /GPICRC DGTDGFC! 6CP[CMCP CNCUCP MGRCFC OCUKPI OCUKPI VGOCPOW OGPICRC OGPICPIICR JCN KVW OGPCTKM

4GMCR JCUKN FKUMWUKOW FCNCO VCDGN DGTKMWV 6WNKU FK DWMW VWICU 0COC 5KUYC *CN [CPI /GPCTKM /KTPC

#[CJ )QPDG OGPGODCM KVKM UGJCTK UCVW GMQT

#NCUCP #[CJ )QPDG DGTWUCJC OGPLCIC MGNGUVCTKCP CNCO +VKM FCRCV RWPCJ CRCDKNC FKDWTW VCPRC OGORGTJCVKMCP LWONCJ CVCW RQRWNCUK OGTGMC #RCDKNC KVKM RWPCJ #[CJ )QPDG VKFCM FCRCV DGTDWTW KVKM NCIK /GTGMC LWIC [CPI CMJKTP[C OGPICNCOK MGTWIKCP

5GVGNCJ DGTFKUMWUK MCOW CMCP OGPIGTVK UCVW JCN 5GVKCR QTCPI OGOKNKMK MGVGTVCTKMCP UGPFKTK UGPFKTK /GTGMC OGOKNKMK CNCUCP VGTUGPFKTK OGPICRC FKC VGTVCTKM FGPICP UGUWCVW JCN KVW

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Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

30

$GTNCVKJ 5GPFKTK

$CECNCJ FQPIGPI DGTKMWV

3HWXDODQJDQ 6LQEDG

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Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

31

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Å’ Å‘$CICKOCPC 5KPDCF #RCMCJ MCW OCUKJ OGTCUC OGPLCFK OCPWUKC RCNKPI OGTCPC!Å’ MCVC UCWFCITC [CPI LWIC DGTPCOC 5KPDCF

5WODGT YYY G UOCTVUEJQQN EQO ,CYCDNCJ RGTVCP[CCP RGTVCP[CCP DGTKMWV FGPICP LGNCU FCP VGRCV UGUWCK FGPICP KUK FQPIGPI 6WNKU FK DWMW VWICUOW 5KCRC UCLC VQMQJ FCNCO FQPIGPI FK CVCU! 2GTKUVKYC CRC UCLC [CPI FKCNCOK VQMQJ WVCOC FQPIGPI FK CVCU! 2GTKUVKYC CRC [CPI RCNKPI OGPCTKM OGPWTWV MCOW! /GPICRC MCOW VGTVCTKM RCFC RGTKUVKYC VGTUGDWV! *CN JCN CRC UCLC [CPI FCRCV MCOW VGNCFCPK FCTK FQPIGPI FK CVCU!

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Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

32

6WICU 4WOCJ

$GTMWPLWPINCJ MG RGTRWUVCMCCP $CECNCJ DWMW FQPIGPI 6GOWMCP JCN JCN OGPCTKM FCNCO FQPIGPI [CPI MCOW DCEC 6WNKUNCJ JCN JCN OGPCTKM FCTK FQPIGPI KVW FK DWMW VWICU %GTKVCMCP MGRCFC VGOCPOW FK UGMQNCJ

$ /GPEGTKVCMCP 2GPICNCOCP /GPIGUCPMCP

5GOWC QTCPI VGPVW RGTPCJ OGPICNCOK UGDWCJ RGTKUVKYC DCKM OGP[GPCPIMCP CVCW OGP[GFKJMCP 2GTKUVKYC [CPI MKVC CNCOK LKMC FKEGTKVCMCP MGRCFC VGOCP VGPVW CMCP OGODWCV JCVK MKVC NGIC #RCNCIK DKNC RGTKUVKYC KVW OGP[GFKJMCP #RCMCJ MCOW OGORWP[CK RGPICNCOCP [CPI OGPIGUCPMCP! 2GTKUVKYC CRC [CPI VGTLCFK! /GP[GFKJMCP OGP[GPCPIMCP OGPIIGNKMCP OGODCJCIKCMCP CVCW OGPI JCTWMCP! -GIKCVCP MGFWC WPKV KPK CFCNCJ OGPEGTKVCMCP RGPICNCOCP [CPI RCNKPI OGPIGUCPMCP 2GPICNCOCP FKMCVCMCP OGPIGUCPMCP DKNC UCCV MKVC VGTKPICV MGODCNK FGPICP RGTKUVKYC KVW RGTCUCCP UCCV OGPICNCOK RGTKUVKYC KVW OWPEWN MGODCNK /CMUWFP[C LKMC RGPICNCOCP MKVC OGP[GFKJMCP MKVC CMCP UGFKJ NCIK ,KMC RGPICNCOCP MKVC OGODWCV MKVC OCTCJ MKVC CMCP OCTCJ FCP UGDCICKP[C -GIKCVCP MCNK KPK MCOW CMCP FKCLCM WPVWM DGTNCVKJ OGPEGTKVCMCP RGPICNCOCP [CPI RGTPCJ FKCNCOK

/GODCEC %QPVQJ 2GPICNCOCP &K DCYCJ KPK CFCNCJ EQPVQJ RGPICNCOCP [CPI OGPIGUCPMCP $CECNCJ FCP RCJCOK #KT -CYCJ )WPWPI 2CVWJC

/GP[GODWJMCP 2GP[CMKV -WNKVMW

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Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

33 6XPEHU KWWS LPDJHV JRRJOH FR LG

*DPEDU .DZDK *XQXQJ 3DWXKD

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

5WODGT TGRWDNKMC EQO /KPIIW #IWUVWU FGPICP RGPIWDCJCP

/GPIGUCPMCP UGMCNK RGPICNCOCP [CPI FKEGTKVCMCP FK CVCU 2GP[CMKV MWNKV [CPI UWFCJ NCOC VKFCM UGODWJ VKDC VKDC UGODWJ JCP[C MCTGPC DGTGPFCO FK MCYCJ RCVWJC 2GPICNCOCP UGRGTVK KVW VGPVW UCLC UWNKV FKNWRCMCP 6GPVW RGPICNCOCP VGTUGDWV VGTOCUWM RGPICNCOCP [CPI OGPIGUCPMCP FCP OGODCJCIKCMCP $KNC FKKPICV [CPI RWP[C RGPICNCOCP VGTUGDWV RCUVK CMCP VGTUGP[WO IGODKTC 6GPVWP[C MCOW UWFCJ OGOCJCOK RGPICNCOCP [CPI FKEGTKVCMCP FK CVCU 7PVWM NGDKJ OGOCJCOKP[C KMWVK MGIKCVCP DGTKMWV

/GOCJCOK 2GPICNCOCP

2GPICNCOCP FKMCVCMCP OGPIGUCPMCP LKMC UCCV OGPIGPCPIP[C MKVC OGTCUCMCP JCN [CPI UCOC UGRGTVK UCCV RGTKUVKYC KVW VGTLCFK

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Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

34

,CYCDNCJ RGTVCP[CCP RGTVCP[CCP DGTKMWV DGTFCUCTMCP KUK EGTKVC FK CVCU 2GTKUVKYC CRC [CPI VGTLCFK FCNCO RGPICNCOCP EGTKVC FK CVCU! 5KCRC UCLC [CPI VGTNKDCV FCNCO RGPICNCOCP EGTKVC FK CVCU! $CICKOCPC UWCUCPC EGTKVC FK CVCU! &K OCPC RGTKUVKYC FCNCO EGTKVC FK CVCU VGTLCFK! -CRCP RGTKUVKYC KVW VGTLCFK! $CICKOCPC RGTCUCCP VQMQJ [CPI OGPICNCOK RGTKUVKYC KVW! $CICKOCPC RGTCUCCPOW LKMC MCOW OGPICNCOK JCN [CPI UCOC FGPICP UK VQMQJ!

%CTC /GPEGTKVCMCP 2GPICNCOCP [CPI /GPIGUCPMCP

/GPIWPIMCRMCP UGDWCJ RGPICNCOCP OGPIGUCPMCP CFCNCJ JCN OWFCJ 6CJWMCJ MCOW ECTC VGTOWFCJ OGPEGTKVCMCP RGPICNCOCP OGPIGUCPMCP! %CTC RGTVCOC CFCNCJ OGPIKPICV MGODCNK RGTKUVKYC [CPI RGTPCJ MCOW CNCOK &CHVCTNCJ RGTKUVKYC RGTKUVKYC VGTUGDWV +PKNCJ RGTKUVKYC RGTKUVKYC [CPI RGTPCJ CMW CNCOK VGTLCVWJ FCTK UGRGFC JKPIIC VCPICPMW RCVCJ WNCPI VCJWP FKTC[CMCP FK UGMQNCJ DGTMGOCJ FK JWVCP FGPICP MGNWCTIC OGPEQPVGM UCCV WNCPICP FCP MGVCJWCP IWTW CVCW Å—Å—Å—Å—Å—Å—Å—Å—Å—Å—Å—Å—Å—Å—Å—Å—Å—Å—Å—Å—Å—Å— 2KNKJNCJ UCVW FCTK UGMKCP DCP[CM FCHVCT RGTKUVKYC [CPI MCOW CNCOK 2KNKJNCJ UCVW RGPICNCOCP [CPI RCNKPI DGTMGUCP DCIKOW

%CTC MGFWC CFCNCJ OGPFCVC UGNWTWJ RGTKUVKYC UGECTC TWPVWV &GPICP MCVC NCKP MCOW RGTNW OGPWNKUMCP CNWT EGTKVC RGTKUVKYC [CPI MCOW CNCOK %QPVQJ 2GTKUVKYC #MW UCMKV MWNKV 2GTKUVKYC #[CJ OGPICLCM DGTNKDWT MG IWPWPI 2CVWJC 2GTKUVKYC #KT MCYCJ RWVKJ DKUC OGP[GODWJMCP RGP[CMKV MWNKV 2GTKUVKYC #MW VKFCM UCFCT MCNCW UWFCJ VKFCM ICTWM ICTWM NCIK 2GTKUVKYC #MW UWLWF U[WMWT MCTGPC DGDCU FCTK ICVCN ICVCN

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Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

35

%CTC MGVKIC CFCNCJ OGTKPEK UGNWTWJ RGNCMW [CPI DGTJWDWPICP FGPICP RGTKUVKYC /KUCN QTCPI QTCPI [CPI VGTNKDCV FCNCO RGTKUVKYC KVW CFCNCJ C[CJ KDW FCP CMW %CTC MGGORCV CFCNCJ OGNWMKUMCP UWCUCPC VGORCV FCP YCMVW VGTLCFKP[C RGTKUVKYC /KUCNP[C UWCUCPC IWPWPI 2CVWJC [CPI CUTK FCP UGLWM -GIKCVCP KPK FKNCMWMCP UCCV NKDWTCP UGOGUVGT %CTC MGNKOC CFCNCJ OGODWCV MGTCPIMC EGTKVC -GOWFKCP OGPIGODCPIMCP MGTCPIMC OGPLCFK UGDWCJ EGTKVC WVWJ

%CTC /GPWNKU %GTKVC 2CNKPI /GPIGUCPMCP

daftar peristiwa yang pernah dialami, pilih satu peristiwa paling mengesankan, data seluruh peristiwa secara runtut, rinci seluruh pelaku yang terlibat dalam peristiwa, tulis suasana, tempat, dan waktu terjadinya peristiwa, membuat kerangka cerita, dan mengembangkan kerangka cerita.

/GPWNKU 2GPICNCOCP /GPIGUCPMCP

5GDGNWO DGTEGTKVC UGECTC NKUCP CFC DCKMP[C EGTKVC RGPICNCOCP OGPIGUCPMCP MCOW VWNKU VGTNGDKJ FCJWNW *CN KPK CICT EGTKVCOW FCRCV TWPVWV FCP DCKM &CNCO OGPEGTKVCMCP RGPICNCOCP OGPIGUCPMCP IWPCMCP MCNKOCV GHGMVKH 6GPVWMCP RGTKUVKYC [CPI RCNKPI OGPIGUCPMCP [CPI RGTPCJ MCOW CNCOK &CVCNCJ UGNWTWJ RGTKUVKYC UGECTC TWPVWV 6WNKUNCJ UGOWC QTCPI [CPI VGTNKDCV FCNCO RGTKUVKYC VGTUGDWV 6WNKUNCJ UWCUCPC VGORCV FCP YCMVW VGTLCFKP[C RGTKUVKYC VGTUGDWV $WCVNCJ MGTCPIMC EGTKVC RGPICNCOCPOW -GODCPIMCP MGTCPIMC EGTKVCOW FGPICP MCNKOCV GHGMVKH

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Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

36

5[CTCV OGPWNKU EGTKVC RCNKPI OGPIGUCPMCP

1. Pilihan kata menarik, kata-kata yang digunakan harus ekspresif. Contoh: Aku tidak mungkin melupakan peristiwa itu. (kurang ekspresif) Peristiwa itu tak mungkin terlupa. (lebih ekspresif)

2. Kalimat efektif, tidak menggunakan kata-kata yang tidak berarti. Contoh: Aku sudah mencoba berbagai macam cara dan upaya namun tidak berhasil juga. (tidak efektif) Aku sudah mencoba berbagai cara namun tidak berhasil. (efektif)

$GTEGTKVC UGECTC .KUCP 5GMCTCPI VKDC UCCVP[C MCOW DGTEGTKVC FK FGRCP VGOCP VGOCPOW $WCV MGNQORQM FCP KMWVK MGIKCVCP DGTKMWV $GTICDWPINCJ FGPICP QTCPI VGOCPOW %GTKVCMCPNCJ UGECTC NKUCP RGPICNCOCP [CPI UWFCJ MCOW VWNKU

%GTKVCMCP FGPICP NCHCN KPVQPCUK FCP LGFC [CPI VGRCV 5CCV UCVW UKUYC DGTEGTKVC UKUYC NCKP OGPKNCK EGTKVCP[C 6WNKUNCJ RGPKNCKCP FK DWMW VWICU UGRGTVK FCNCO VCDGN DGTKMWV KPK 2KNKJNCJ UCVW VGOCP FCNCO MGNQORQMOW [CPI EGTKVCP[C RCNKPI OGPIGUCPMCP #FCMCP NQODC EGTKVC RCNKPI OGPIGUCPMCP $GTNQODCNCJ CPVCTMGNQORQM 2KNKJ VKIC YCMKN MGNQORQM [CPI EGTKVCP[C RCNKPI OGPIGUCPMCP 6CDGN 2GPKNCKCP $GTEGTKVC 2GPICNCOCP [CPI /GPIGUCPMCP 0COC 5KUYC 5KPVC

+UK %GTKVC %GTKVC MWTCPI DGTMGUCP

-CNKOCV $CP[CM MCNKOCV VKFCM GHGMVKH

6WICU 4WOCJ

6WNKUNCJ UGDWCJ EGTKVC [CPI RCNKPI OGPIGUCPMCP %GTKVCMCP MGRCFC IWTWOW GUQM JCTK FK UGMQNCJ /KPVCNCJ VCPIICRCP IWTW VGPVCPI EGTKVCOW

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2KNKJCP -CVC 2KNKJCP MCVC MWTCPI OGPCTKM

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

37

% /GPEGTKVCMCP -GODCNK %GTKVC #PCM -COW UWMC OGODCEC EGTKVC CPCM! $CIWU UGMCNK 2GTPCJ OGPEGTKVCMCP EGTKVC CPCM [CPI MCOW DCEC! $CICKOCPC ECTCOW DGTEGTKVC! ;C OGPEGTKVCMCP MGODCNK KUK EGTKVC CPCM FGPICP CNWT RGUCP FCP RGPQMQJCP UGECTC DGPCT ,KMC OGPEGTKVC MCP UGECTC NKUCP RGTJCVKMCPNCJ NCHCN KPVQPCUK FCP LGFC [CPI LGNCU GMURTGUK OGPFWMWPI FCP IGTCM VWDWJ [CPI UGUWCK -GIKCVCP MCNK KPK CFCNCJ OGPEGTKVCMCP MGODCNK EGTKVC CPCM [CPI FKDCEC 5GDGNWO OGPEGTKVCMCP EGTKVC CPCM [CPI FKDCEC MCOW RGTNW OGPIKFGPVKHKMCUK WPUWT WPUWT EGTKVC 5GDGNWO OGPEGTKVCMCP MGODCNK VGPVWP[C MCOW JCTWU OGODCEC EGTKVC CPCM VGTNGDKJ FCJWNW 5GMCTCPI KMWVK NCPIMCJ NCPIMCJ RGODGNCLCTCP DGTKMWV

/GODCEC %GTKVC #PCM

$CECNCJ FCNCO JCVK EGTKVC CPCM DGTKMWV

0Q +VW /CJCN ,CNCPCP DGIKVW TCOCK FGTW OGUKP OQDKN FCP OQVQT UCNKPI DGTUCJWVCP +FGU FCP 0WPW MGODCNK OWPFWT DCVCN WPVWM OGP[GDGTCPI LCNCP 5GDWCJ UGRGFC OQVQT [CPI DGTNCTK EWMWR MGPECPI P[CTKU UCLC OGP[GTGORGV OGTGMC Å‘#YYY Å’ VGTKCM +FGU UCODKN OGPIGNWU GNWU FCFCP[C $GTUCOCCP FGPICP KVW VKDC VKDC FCTK DGNCMCPI UGUGQTCPI OWPEWN OG P[CRC OGTGMC Å‘/CCH OGPIICPIIW 0QPC PQPC Å’ MCVC QTCPI KVW VGTRCVCJ RCVCJ 0CFC UWCTC P[C UCOC UGMCNK VKFCM GPCM WPVWM FKFGPICT +FGU FCP 0WPW DGTDCNKM VGTP[CVC QTCPI [CPI OGP[CRC OGTGMC CFCNCJ QTCPI CUKPI OWPIMKP YKUCVCYCP Å‘$KUC 0QPC 0QPC VWP LWMMCP UC[C UVCUKWP!Å’ VCODCJP[C NCIK FG PICP UWUWPCP DCJCUC [CPI MCECW Å‘;GU [GU Å’ UCJWV 0WPW Å‘#J 0W 6KFCM WUCJ RCMCK [GU [GUCP UGICNC 0CPVK FKC VCODCJ VKFCM OGPIGTVK Å’ UGNC +FGU UCODKN VGTUGP[WO Å‘.JQ MKVC MCP OGOCPI CMCP MG TWOCJ 7MK FCP OGPIIWPCMCP MGPFCTCCP [CPI UCOC Å’ MKNCJ 0WPW Å‘$KUC!Å’ VCP[C QTCPI CUKPI KVW NCIK -GNKJCVCPP[C KC VKFCM UCDCT

MCTGPC +FGU FCP 0WPW UGRGTVK VKFCM OGO RGTJCVKMCPP[C Å‘-COK DGTFWC OCW MG UCPC LWIC Å’ MCVC +FGU CMJKTP[C .CNW FGPICP UWUCJ RC[CJ +FGU FCP 0WPW OGODGTK RGPIGTVKCP NGYCV DCJCUC KU[CTCV Å‘9CJ NWEW UGMCNK OGNKJCV MCOW DKECTC &GU 5GRGTVK QTCPI UGFCPI CMTQDCV Å’ MCVC 0WPW #MJKTP[C OGTGMC DGTVKIC PCKM MGPFCTCCP [CPI OGPWLW UVCUKWP +FGU FCP 0WPW UGRCPLCPI RGTLCNCPCP OGPLCFK RGTJCVKCP RGPWORCPI RGPWORCPI NCKPP[C 9KUCVCYCP CUKPI [CPI OGPICMW DGTCUCN FCTK -CPCFC KVW DGTPCOC $KNN[ 5OKVJ &KC VKFCM JGPVK JGPVKP[C DGTVCP[C 6GPVW UCLC +FGU FCP 0WPW UGFKMKV MGTGRQVCP PCOWP MGFWCP[C VGVCR OGPEQDC OGNC[CPKP[C Å‘$CPI OCPC WCPI MGODCNKCPP[C!Å’ VCP[C +FGU UCCV OGTGMC UWFCJ UCORCK FK UVCUKWP 'PVCJ UGPICLC CVCW VKFCM WCPI RGODC[CTCP FCTK $KNN[ UGDCP[CM NKOC TKDW TWRKCJ QNGJ MGTPGV VKFCM FKMGODCNKMCP UKUCP[C 2CFCJCN QPIMQU CPIMWVCP JCP[C UGTKDW TWRKCJ Å‘,CPICP DQFQJ 0GPI $KCT UCLC FKC VKFCM CMCP OGPIGTVK Å’ MCVC MGTPGV KVW UGVGPICJ DGTDKUKM Å‘'ORCV TKDW DCIK FKC VKFCM DGTCTVK CRC CRC Å’ MCVC MGTPGV KVW NCIK

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Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

38

Å‘6KFCM $CPI 2QMQMP[C #DCPI JCTWU OGODGTKMCP MGODCNKCP QTCPI KVW Å’ UGTW +FGU Å‘*CK MGEKN MGEKN DGTCPK OGPICVWT [C! &CUCT EGTGYGV Å’ DGPVCM MGTPGV UCODKN OG P[QFQTMCP WCPI MGODCNKCP UGDCP[CM GORCV TKDW 0CFC UWCTCP[C VGTFGPFCT UCPICV MGUCN 9CLCJP[C EGODGTWV UGRGTVK UGQTCPI CPCM [CPI MGJKNCPICP OCKPCP MGUC[CPICPP[C Å‘0CJ DGIKVW FQPI $CPI $WMC GORCV TKDWP[C VCRK LWLWTP[C $CPI Å’ Å‘#J FCUCT EGTGYGV Å’ RQVQPI MGTPGV UCO DKN DGTNCNW OGPIGLCT OQDKN [CPI UWFCJ CICM LCWJ OGPKPIICNMCPP[C 2CM $KNN[ OGPGTKOC WCPI [CPI FK UQFQTMCP KVW 5GUCCV MGOWFKCP KC RWP OGPICODKN FQORGV FCP OGPIGNWCTMCP UGNGODCT WCPI UGRWNWJ TKDWCP Å‘+PK VCPFC VGTKOC MCUKJ UC[C MGRCFC MCNKCP Å’ MCVCP[C MGOWFKCP OGP[QFQTMCP WCPI KVW MG CTCJ 0WPW FCP +FGU 5GUCCV MGFWCP[C UCNKPI DGTRCPFCPICP Å‘0Q PQ Å’ MCVC 0WPW CMJKTP[C Å‘6KFCM DCP[CM +PK VGTKOC MCUKJ UC[C MG RCFC MCNKCP UWFCJ OGPICPVCT FCP OG PGOCPK UC[C UCORCK UVCUKWP Å’ MCVCP[C NCIK FGPICP UWUWPCP MCVC [CPI UGOTCYWV Å‘0Q PQ Å’ UCJWV 0WPW NCIK

Å‘9GNN MCNCW VKFCM OCW 6KFCM OCUCNCJ VGTKOC MCUKJ 5CORCK LWORC Å’ MCVC 2CM $KNN[ 5OKVJ UCODKN OGOCUWMMCP MGODCNK WCPIP[C 5GRGTIK $KNN[ 5OKVJ +FGU FCP PWPW MGO DCNK DGTRCPFCPICP Å‘5GRWNWJ TKDW 0W -CVC +FGU Å‘-GPCRC VKFCM MKVC CODKN !Å’ Å‘;C MGPCRC VKFCM MKVC VGTKOC RGODGTKCP 2CM $KNN[ KVW [C &GU !Å’ UWCTC 0WPW VGT FGPICT OGP[GUCN Å‘-COW [CPI OGPQNCMP[C 0W Å’ MKNCJ +FGU Å‘;C CMW VCFK DKNCPI PQ PQ *CDKU CMW IWIWR &GU Å’ MCVC 0WPW Å‘;C UWFCJNCJ $WMCP TG\GMK MKVC 0W Å’ JKDWT +FGU Å‘#J VGTP[CVC DKECTC DCJCUC +PIITKU KVW OCJCN [C &GU!Å’ Å‘/CJCN DCICKOCPC!Å’ VCP[C +FGU VKFCM OGPIGTVK Å‘$KECTC PQ FWC MCNK UCLC MKVC MGJKNCPICP UGRWNWJ TKDW TWRKCJ Å’ UCJWV 0WPW Å‘#J MCOW KPK CFC CFC UCLC Å’ MCVC +FGU UCODKN VGTVCYC 5CORCK FK TWOCJ 7MK +FGU FCP PWPW OGPEGTKVCMCP MGLCFKCP VGTUGDWV 7MK VGTVCYC UCORCK VGTRKPIMCN RKPIMCN ;C DGTEGTKVC MCNCW PQ KVW OCJCN

*KMOCV 5WFLCPC -WORWNCP %GTKVC #PCM

%GTKVC FK CVCU OGPCTKM! 5WFCJMCJ MCOW OGOCJCOK KUK EGTKVC 0Q KVW /CJCN! 7PVWM FCRCV OGOCJCOK MCOW JCTWU VCJW WPUWT WPUWT [CPI OGODCPIWP EGTKVC KVW -GIKCVCP DGTKMWVP[C CFCNCJ OGPIKFGPVKHKMCUK WPUWT EGTKVC [CPI DCTW UCLC MCOW DCEC

/GPIKFGPVKHKMCUK 7PUWT %GTKVC #PCM

5GOWC MCT[C UCUVTC OGOKNKMK WPUWT EGTKVC 7PUWT EGTKVC KPK DKCUC FKUGDWV UGDCICK WPUWT KPVTKPUKM MCT[C UCUVTC 7PUWT KPVTKPUKM VGTFKTK FCTK CRC UCLC! .GDKJ NCPLWV RGT JCVKMCP RGVKMCP DGTKMWV Å‘$KUC 0QPC 0QPC VWPLWMMCP UC[C UVCUKWP!Å’ VCODCJP[C NCIK FGPICP UWUWPCP DCJCUC [CPI MCECW Å‘;GU [GU Å’ UCJWV 0WPW &CTK RGVKMCP FK CVCU CRC [CPI DKUC MCOW FCRCV! ;C CFC VQMQJ [CPI DGTPCOC 0WPW 6QMQJ 0WPW OGOKNKMK UKHCV RGPQNQPI /GPICRC VQMQJ 0WPW FKMCVCMCP RGPQNQPI! -CTGPC MGVKMC CFC UGUGQTCPI OGOKPVC VQNQPI OGPWPLWMMCP UVCUKWP 0WPW OGPICVCMCP [GU [CPI CTVKP[C DGTUGFKC &CTK RGVKMCP KPK MKVC OGPFCRCVMCP PCOC VQMQJ UGMCNKIWU YCVCMP[C

8QLW 3HULVWLZD

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

39

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

/GPWNKU -GODCNK *CUKN +FGPVKHKMCUK 6WNKU MGODCNK JCUKN FKUMWUK MCNKCP FK DWMW VWICU %QPVQJ

0WPW FCP +FGU JGPFCM OGP[GDTCPI LCNCP &KC FKUCRC UGUGQTCPI 5GUGQTCPI KVW CFCNCJ RCM $KNN[ 5OKVJ 2CM $KNN[ OGOKPVC FKVWPLWMMCP LCNCP MG UVCUKWP AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

8QLW 3HULVWLZD

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

40

$GTNCVKJ $GTEGTKVC

-CNKCP UWFCJ OGPIKFGPVKHKMCUK EGTKVC -KPK UCCVP[C WPVWM DGTNCVKJ DGTEGTKVC #FC DG DGTCRC JCN [CPI RGTNW FKRGTJCVKMCP UCCV OGPEGTKVCMCP MGODCNK 2GTVCOC RGTJCVKMCP CNWT EGTKVC -GFWC RGTJCVKMCP YCVCM VQMQJ FCNCO EGTKVC -GVKIC RGUCP [CPI KPIKP FK UCORCKMCP -GVKIC JCN KPK RGPVKPI WPVWM FKRGTJCVKMCP /GPICRC FGOKMKCP! &CNCO OGPEGTKVCMCP MGODCNK KUK EGTKVC MCNKCP JCTWU OGPIGVCJWK FGPICP RCUVK CNWT VQMQJ FCP YCVCMP[C UGTVC RGUCP ,KMC JCN JCN KPK VKFCM UGUWCK CTVKP[C EGTKVCOW UCNCJ &CNCO DGTEGTKVC UGECTC NKUCP RGTJCVKMCPNCJ NCHCN KPVQPCUK LGFC FCP GMURTGUK 0CJ DGTICDWPINCJ FGPICP VGOCPOW $GTNCVKJNCJ DGTEGTKVC 5KUYC [CPI VKFCM UGFCPI OGO DCEC OGODGTK RGPKNCKCP VGOCP [CPI UGFCPI DGTEGTKVC 6WNKU RGPKNCKCPOW FCNCO VCDGN DGTKMWV 6WNKU FK DWMW VWICUOW 0COC 5KUYC 0CLYC

.CHCN ,GNCU

+PVQPCUK ,GNCU

,GFC 6GTMCFCPI DGTJGPVK FK MCVC [CPI UCNCJ

'MURTGUK $GNWO OGPWPLWMMCP GMURTGUK [CPI OGPFWMWPI EGTKVC

6WICU 4WOCJ

2KNKJNCJ UCNCJ UCVW EGTKVC CPCM [CPI VGTFCRCV RCFC DWMW OCLCNCJ CVCW UWTCV MCDCT $CECNCJ FGPICP UCMUCOC EGTKVC VGTUGDWV %GTKVCMCP MGODCNK KUK EGTKVC VGTUGDWV FK FGRCP QTCPI VWCOW /KPVCNCJ VCPIICRCP OGTGMC VGPVCPI ECTCOW DGTEGTKVC FGPICP OGPIKUK VCDGN RGPKNCKCP UGRGTVK FK CVCU 6WPLWMMCPNCJ JCUKN RGPKNCKCP FCTK QTCPI VWCOW MGRCFC IWTW FK UGMQNCJ GUQM JCTK /KPVCNCJ UCTCP FCTK IWTW DGTFCUCTMCP RGPKNCKCP QTCPI VWCOW

8QLW 3HULVWLZD

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

41

& /GPWNKU $WMW *CTKCP 6GPVW MCOW RGTPCJ OGPICNCOK UWCVW RGTKUVKYC [CPI UCPICV OGPIGUCPMCP 0CJ CRCMCJ RGTPCJ OGPWNKU RGTKUVKYC KVW! 2GTPCJ! $CIWU 6WNKUCPOW KVW OGTWRCMCP DCIKCP FCTK ECVCVCP JCTKCP %CVCVCP JCTKCP FCRCV MCOW VWNKU UGVKCR JCTK 2CUVK CFC RGTKUVKYC OGPCTKM UGVKCR JCTK 0CJ RGTKUVKYC KVW DKUC MCOW VWNKU FK DWMW JCTKCP %CVCVCP JCTKCP UCPICV RGPVKPI %CVCVCP JCTKCP DKUC OGPLCFK DCJCP WPVWM OGPWNKU DKQITCHK UGUGQTCPI 5KCRC VCJW UWCVW JCTK PCPVK MCOW VGTOCUWM QTCPI RGPVKPI %CVCVCP JCTKCPOW DKUC OGPLCFK DCJCP WPVWM DKQITCHK FKTKOW -GIKCVCP MKVC MCNK KPK CFCNCJ OGPWNKU DWMW JCTKCP $CICKOCPC OGPWNKU DWMW JCTKCP [CPI OGPCTKM! #RC UCLC [CPI UGDCKMP[C MKVC VWNKU FCNCO DWMW JCTKCP! +MWVKNCJ MGIKCVCP KPK FGPICP DCKM /GPICOCVK %QPVQJ %CVCVCP *CTKCP

2GTJCVKMCP FGPICP UCMUCOC EQPVQJ EQPVQJ ECVCVCP JCTKCP DGTKMWV

Contoh 1

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

8QLW 3HULVWLZD

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

42 Contoh 2

.DU\DNX 'LKDQFXUNDQ .DU\DNX 'LKDQFXUNDQ 6LDQJ LQL EHJLWX SDQDV 6HSDQDV KDWLNX 6HPXD NDU\DNX JDJDO NXLNXWNDQ ORPED 6HPXD NDUHQD NHFHURERKDQNX 6HGLK 'DQ VDNLW KDWL LQL 6DKDEDWNX WHODK PHQLSXNX 'LD DPELO NDU\DNX GDQ GLUXVDNNDQQ\D -DKDW VHNDOL .X WDN PHQJLUD GHPLNLDQ $NX EHJLWX SHUFD\D GLD 6HGLK .HFHZD 'L WHUDV VHNRODK DNX PHQDQJLV VHMDGLQ\D 7DN DGD \DQJ SHGXOL 6HPXD WHODK JDJDO 7DN DGD \DQJ PHQJHUWL %HWDSD KDELV WHQDJDNX XQWXN NDU\D LWX )HEUXDUL :,% GL SHUDGXDQNX

3 Contoh $NX EHQDU EHQDU WLGDN PHQJHWDKXL EDKZD ZDQLWD EHUNHUXGXQJ SXWLK LWX SHQFRSHW .XNLUD

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

8QLW 3HULVWLZD

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

43

/GPIKFGPVKHKMCUK %CVCVCP *CTKCP &KUMWUKMCP FGPICP VGOCP UGDCPIMWOW JCN JCN DGTKMWV 2GTKUVKYC CRC [CPI FKVWNKU FCNCO ECVCVCP JCTKCP FK CVCU /GPCTKMMCJ RGTKUVKYC RGTKUVKYC [CPI FKEGTKVCMCP FCNCO ECVCVCP JCTKCP FK CVCU! -CRCP RGTKUVKYC RGTKUVKYC KVW VGTLCFK $CICKOCPC RGTKUVKYC RGTKUVKYC KVW DKUC VGTLCFK $CICKOCPC DCJCUC FCNCO ECVCVCP JCTKCP #RC UCLC [CPI JCTWU CFC FCNCO ECVCVCP JCTKCP #RC UCLC HWPIUK ECVCVCP JCTKCP

/GPWNKU %CVCVCP *CTKCP

/GPWNKU ECVCVCP JCTKCP KVW OWFCJ -COW FCRCV OGOWNCK FGPICP OGPWNKUMCP MGIKCVCP UGJCTK JCTKOW $CJCUC [CPI MCOW IWPCMCP UGDCKMP[C [CPI GMURTGUKH $CICKOCPC DCJCUC GMURTGUKH KVW! $CJCUC GMURTGUKH CFCNCJ VKFCM VGTKMCV FGPICP CVWTCP MGDCJCUCCP OGPIIWPCMCP IC[C DCJCUC OGPCTKM FCP KPFCJ OCORW OGPIICODCTMCP RGTCUCCP ICICUCP FCP OCMUWF MKVC -COW FCRCV OGOCJCOK DCJCUC ECVCVCP JCTKCP FCTK MGVKIC EQPVQJ ECVCVCP JCTKCP FK CVCU -GTLCNCJ JCN JCN DGTKMWV 6GPVWMCP UCVW RGTKUVKYC OGPCTKM [CPI RGTPCJ MCOW CNCOK $CICKOCPC RGTCUCCPOW MGVKMC OGPICNCOK JCN KVW! -CRCP RGTKUVKYC KVW VGTLCFK! 5KCRC UCLC [CPI VGTNKDCV FCNCO RGTKUVKYC KVW! 6WNKUNCJ UGDWCJ ECVCVCP JCTKCP DGTFCUCTMCP MGGORCV LCYCDCP FK CVCU 5KNCMCP OGOKNKJ DGPVWM ECVCVCP JCTKCP 6GPVW [CPI RCNKPI MCOW UWMC

6WICU 4WOCJ

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8QLW 3HULVWLZD

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

44

4#0)-7/#0 &QPIGPI CFCNCJ EGTKVC HKMUK 6QMQJ VQMQJ FCNCO FQPIGPI FCRCV DGTWRC FGYC FGYC DKPCVCPI DKPCVCPI CVCW TCLC TCLC *CN JCN [CPI OGPQPLQN FCNCO FQPIGPI CFCNCJ TCPIMCKCP RGTKUVKYC CVCW CNWT FCP RGUCP [CPI KPIKP FKUCORCKMCP $GTMCKVCP FGPICP JCN KVW OCMC MGOGPCTKMCP FQPIGPI FCRCV FKNKJCV FCTK RGTKUVKYC [CPI FKJCFKTMCP FCP RGUCP [CPI VGTUKTCV CVCW RWP VGTUWTCV FCNCO FQPIGPI VGTUGDWV -GOGPCTKMCP UGUGQTCPI VGTJCFCR RGTKUVKYC FCNCO FQPIGPI DGTDGFC DGFC -KVC JCTWU OGPIJCTICK RGTDGFCCP KVW 2GPICNCOCP FKMCVCMCP OGPIGUCPMCP DKNC UCCV MKVC VGTKPICV MGODCNK FGPICP RGTKUVKYC KVW RGTCUCCP UCCV OGPICNCOK RGTKUVKYC KVW OWPEWN MGODCNK /CMUWFP[C LKMC RGPICNCOCP MKVC OGP[GFKJMCP MKVC CMCP UGFKJ NCIK ,KMC RGPICNCOCP MKVC OGODWCV MKVC OCTCJ MKVC CMCP OCTCJ FCP UGDCICKP[C %CTC OGPEGTKVCMCP RGPICNCOCP OGPIGUCPMCP RGTVCOC CFCNCJ OGPIKPICV MGODCNK RGTKUVKYC [CPI RGTPCJ FKCNCOK -GFWC CFCNCJ OGPFCVC UGNWTWJ RGTKUVKYC UGECTC TWPVWV &GPICP MCVC NCKP MCOW RGTNW OGPWNKUMCP CNWT EGTKVC FCTK RGTKUVKYC [CPI MCOW CNCOK -GVKIC CFCNCJ OGTKPEK UGNWTWJ RGNCMW [CPI DGTJWDWPICP FGPICP RGTKUVKYC -GGORCV CFCNCJ OGNWMKUMCP UWCUCPC VGORCV FCP YCMVW VGTLCFKP[C RGTKUVKYC -GNKOC CFCNCJ OGODWCV MGTCPIMC EGTKVC &CP VGTCMJKT CFCNCJ OGPIGODCPIMCP MGTCPIMC OGPLCFK UGDWCJ EGTKVC WVWJ 7PUWT KPVTKPUKM FCNCO EGTKVC HKMUK CFCNCJ VQMQJ YCVCM NCVCT CNWT RGUCP VGOC FCP UWFWV RCPFCPI #NWT CFCNCJ TCPIMCKCP RGTKUVKYC [CPI VGTLCFK DGTFCUCTMCP JWDWPICP UGDCD CMKDCV 2GUCP CFCNCJ UGUWCVW JCN MGDCKMCP [CPI KPIKP FKUCORCKMCP RGPWNKU MGRCFC RGODCEC 5GFCPIMCP UWFWV RCPFCPI CFCNCJ ECTC UVTCVGIK CVCW UKCUCV [CPI UGECTC UGPICLC FKRKNKJ WPVWM OGP[CORCKMCP ICICUCPP[C %CVCVCP JCTKCP CFCNCJ ECVCVCP RGTKUVKYC OGPIGUCPMCP [CPI FKCNCOK UGUGQTCPI %CVCVCP JCTKCP DKUC OGPLCFK DCJCP WPVWM OGPWNKU DKQITCHK UGUGQTCPI $CJCUC FCNCO ECVCVCP JCTKCP CFCNCJ DCJCUC GMURTGUKH $CJCUC GMURTGUKH VKFCM VGTKMCV FGPICP CVWTCP MGDCJCUCCP OGPIIWPCMCP IC[C DCJCUC OGPCTKM FCP KPFCJ OCORW OGPIICODCTMCP RGTCUCCP ICICUCP FCP OCMUWF MKVC REFLEKSI -GOCORWCP /GPGOWMCP JCN JCN OGPCTKM FCTK FQPIGPI [CPI FKRGTFGPICTMCP /GPEGTKVCMCP RGPICNCOCP [CPI RCNKPI OGPIGUCPMCP FGPICP OGPIIWPCMCP RKNKJCP MCVC FCP MCNKOCV GHGMVKH /GPEGTKVCMCP MGODCNK EGTKVC CPCM [CPI FKDCEC /GPWNKU DWMW JCTKCP FGPICP OGORGTJCVKMCP ECTC RGPIWPIMCRCP FCP DCJCUC [CPI DCKM FCP DGPCT

8QLW 3HULVWLZD

$GNWO /CORW

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45

46

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

# /GPWNKU -GODCNK $GTKVC

/GPFGPICTMCP 2GODCECCP $GTKVC /GPWNKUMCP 2QMQM 2QMQM $GTKVC /GPWNKU -GODCNK $GTKVC FCNCO 5CVW 2CTCITCH /GP[WPVKPI $GTNCVKJ 5GPFKTK 6WICU 4WOCJ

2#4+9+5#6#

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8QLW 3DULZLVDWD

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

47

# /GPWNKUMCP -GODCNK $GTKVC

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$QDQ ,CPWCTK FGPICP RGPIWDCJCP UGRGTNWP[C

8QLW 3DULZLVDWD

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

48

-CVC CRC [CPI UGNCNW FKWNCPI WNCPI FCNCO DGTKVC FK CVCU! 5WFCJMCJ OGPWNKU MCVC MWPEK! %QDC UCNKP MCVC MWPEK [CPI MCOW VWNKU FK DWMW VWICUOW +PKNCJ MCVC MWPEK [CPI MWVGOWMCP $CPVKOWTWPI 5WNUGN CKT VGTLWP Å— Å— Å— Å— Å— Å— Å—

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8QLW 3DULZLVDWD

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

49

/GPWNKU -GODCNK $GTKVC FCNCO 5CVW 2CTCITCH

-COW UWFCJ OGPFKUMWUKMCP MCVC MWPEK 5GNCKP KVW MCOW LWIC UWFCJ OGPIWTCKMCP MCVC MWPEK OGPLCFK DGDGTCRC MCNKOCV DGTKVC .CMWMCP MGIKCVCP DGTKMWV

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$GTNCVKJ 5GPFKTK

ȱ ȱ¢ ȱ ȱ Ƿȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ƿȱȱ ȱ Ȭ ȱ ȱ¢ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ƿȱȱ ȱ ȱ Ȭ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ¢ ȱ Ƿȱ

8QLW 3DULZLVDWD

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

50

&GPICTMCP FGPICP UCMUCOC DGTKVC DGTKMWV

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ambar 3.3. Salah Satu Kelompok Peserta Lomba Parade Tari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

5WODGT YYY DCVCOVQWTKUO PGV /KPIIW #RTKN

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8QLW 3DULZLVDWD

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

51

6WICU 4WOCJ &GPICTMCPNCJ CECTC DGTKVC FK UCNCJ UCVW UVCUKWP VGNGXKUK 6WNKUNCJ MCVC MCVC MWPEK FCTK DGTKVC [CPI MCOW FGPICT 6WNKU MGODCNK FCNCO UGDWCJ RCTCICH [CPI UGKFG 6WPLWMMCP JCUKN MGTLCOW MGRCFC IWTW GUQM JCTK /KPVCNCJ VCPIICRCP IWTWOW

$ /GODCEC %GRCV

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8QLW 3DULZLVDWD

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

52

$QMQ 5WPTKUG /GNKJCV /CVCJCTK 6GTDKV FCTK 2WPECM $WMKV 6WIGN

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8QLW 3DULZLVDWD

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

53

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8QLW 3DULZLVDWD

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

54

$GTNCVKJ /GODCEC %GRCV FGPICP 6GMPKM [CPI $GPCT

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8QLW 3DULZLVDWD

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

55

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8QLW 3DULZLVDWD

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

56

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8QLW 3DULZLVDWD

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

57

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8QLW 3DULZLVDWD

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

58

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Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

59

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Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

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REFLEKSI -GOCORWCP /GPWNKUMCP MGODCNK DGTKVC [CPI FKDCECMCP MG FCNCO DGDGTCRC MCNKOCV /GP[KORWNMCP KUK DCECCP UGVGNCJ OGODCEC EGRCV /GPWNKU UWTCV RTKDCFK FGPICP OGORGTJCVKMCP MQORQUKUK KUK FCP DCJCUC

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61

62

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

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# /GPWPLWMMCP 4GNGXCPUK +UK &QPIGPI

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64

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

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Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

65

/GOCJCOK +UK &QPIGPI &KUMWUKMCPNCJ JCN JCN DGTKMWV FGPICP VGOCP UGDCPIMWOW

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66

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Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

67

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Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

68

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Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

69

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70

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

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8QLW /LQJNXQJDQ

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

72

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8QLW /LQJNXQJDQ

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

73

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8QLW /LQJNXQJDQ

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

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Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

78

Contoh penyuntingan: a. penggunaan huruf kapital kepada masyarakat luas dimohon kesediaannya mengamati pemilihan calon legislatif kota yogyakarta. Perbaikan: Kepada masyarakat luas dimohon kesediannya mengamati pemilihan Calon Legislatif kota Yogyakarta. b. penggunaan tanda baca Peserta lomba dapat mendaftarkan diri di SMP Muhammadiyah 2 Depok Jalan. Swadaya Depok Perbaikan: Peserta lomba dapat mendaftarkan diri di SMP Muhammadiyah 2 Depok Jalan Swadaya Depok. c. pilihan kata Peserta wajib membawa surat keterangan masih menjadi siswa dari Kepada Sekolah masing-masing. Perbaikan: Peserta wajib melampirkan surat keterangan masih menjadi siswa dari Kepala Sekolah masing-masing. d. penggunaan kata hubung Peserta wajib membawa pensil 2B, penghapus, atau penggaris sendiri. Perbaikan: Peserta wajib membaca pensil 2B, penghapus, dan penggaris sendiri. e. keefektifan kalimat Para peserta lomba diharap datang tepat waktu. Perbaikan: Peserta lomba diharap datang tepat waktu.

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Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

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5/2 0 ,CMCTVC OGPICFCMCP RGTNQODCCP $CEC 6WNKU 2WKUK 2GUGTVC CFCNCJ UKUYC 5/2 MGNCU FCP 2GPFCHVCTCP RGUGTVC FKNC[CPK &K #7.# 5/2 0 RCNKPI NCODCV VCPIICN ,WNK YCMVW RGPFCHVCTCP RWMWN Ō 9+$ *CN JCN NCKP [CPI DGTMCKVCP FGPICP RGTNQODCCP FKLGNCUMCP UCCV VGEJPKECN OGGVKPI ŗ -GVWC 2CPKVKC #TOCP 5CPVQUC +UK RGPIWOWOCP FK CVCU CFCNCJ ŗ C RGPFCHVCTCP RGUGTVC FKNC[CPK FK #7.# 5/2 0 ,CMCTVC D RGTNQODCCP $CEC 6WNKU 2WKUK [CPI FKCFCMCP 5/2 0 ,CMCTVC E YCMVW RGTNQODCCP $CEC 6WNKU 2WKUK [CPI FKCFCMCP 5/2 0 ,CMCTVC F RGNC[CPCP RGUGTVC NQODC $CEC 6WNKU 2WKUK CFCNCJ UKUYC MGNCU FCP -CNKOCV RGPWVWR [CPI VGRCV WPVWM RGPIWOWOCP FK CVCU CFCNCJ ŗ C &GOKMKCP RGPIWOWOCP VGTKOC MCUKJ CVCU RGTJCVKCPP[C D &GOKMKCP JCNP[C RGPIWOWOCP VGTUGDWV VGTKOC MCUKJ CVCU RCTVKUKRCUK #PFC E &GOKMKCP RGPIWOWOCP MCOK CVCU RGTJCVKCP 5CWFCTC FKWECRMCP VGTKOC MCUKJ F &GOKMKCP MKTCP[C RGPIWOWOCP KPK CVCU RGTJCVKCPP[C MCOK WECRMCP VGTKOC MCUKJ $CECNCJ VGMU DGTKMWV FGPICP UCMUCOC /GORGTMGPCNMCP MGTWUCMCP NKPIMWPICP VCM JCTWU OGNCNWK UGOKPCT [CPI UGTKWU VCRK DKUC FGPICP RGTOCKPCP [CPI OGP[GPCPIMCP )TGGP (GUVKXCN [CPI FKIGNCT FK 2CTMKT 6KOWT 5GPC[CP CPVCTC #RTKN DKUC OGPLCFK MGUGORCVCP WPVWM OGPICLCM CPCM CPCM OGOCJCOK MQPFKUK NKPIMWPICP UCCV KPK $CP[CM UKOWNCUK VGPVCPI RGPEGICJCP RGOCPCUCP INQDCN [CPI FKMGOCU FGPICP CRKM WPVWM FCRCV FKOGPIGTVK CPCM CPCM /KUCNP[C UKODQN DQNC FWPKC FGPICP UGDWCJ VGTOQOGVGT FK FCNCOP[C [CPI OGPWPLWMMCP UWJW FGTCLCV EGNEKWU WPVWM OGPLGNCUMCP DCJYC $WOK MKVC RCPCU 5GNCKP KVW VGTFCRCV ICODCT DCJYC CMKDCV $WOK FGPICP UWJW [CPI RCPCU OGP[GDCDMCP GU FK MWVWD WVCTC OGPECKT 6KFCM JCP[C ICODCT RTQUGU RGECJP[C GU CMKDCV RGOCPCUCP INQDCN FKVWPLWMMCP FGPICP UKOWNCUK UGFGTJCPC &K NCPVCK VGTFCRCV NC[CT DGTICODCT GU UGOGPVCTC FK FKPFKPI CFC HKNO GU FK MWVWD ,KMC NCPVCK DGTICODCT GU FKKPLCM UGPUQT RTQ[GMVQT CMCP OGPWPLWMMCP GU [CPI RGECJ )CICUCP WVCOC VGMU FK CVCU CFCNCJ ŗ C DGTOCKP UKOWNCUK RGPEGICJCP RGOCPCUCP INQDCN D OGORGTMGPCNMCP MGTWUCMCP NKPIMWPICP MGRCFC CPCM OGNCNWK RGTOCKPCP OGP[GPCPIMCP E ICODCT FCP UKOWNCUK WPVWM OGORGTMGPCNMCP CPCM RCFC NKPIMWPICP F )TGGP (GUVKXCN WPVWM OGORGTMGPCNMCP CPCM RCFC NKPIMWPICP [CPI TWUCM

8ML .RPSHWHQVL 6HPHVWHU

100

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

2GTP[CVCCP [CPI VKFCM UGUWCK FGPICP VGMU JCNCOCP CFCNCJ ŗ C 2GPEGICJCP RGOCPCUCP INQDCN NGDKJ OWFCJ FKRCJCOK CPCM CPCM OGNCNWK UKOWNCUK D 5CNCJ UCVW UKOWNCUK FK )TGGP (GUVKXCN CFCNCJ UKOWNCUK RGPECKTCP GU FK MWVWD E 6CPIICN Ō #RTKN FK 2CTMKT 6KOWT 5GPC[CP FKCFCMCP )TGGP (GUVKXCN F 2GPIGPCNCP VGTJCFCR MGTWUCMCP NKPIMWPICP RCNKPI VGRCV FGPICP FKNCMWMCP FGPICP UGOKPCT 6TCPUHWUK FCTCJ DWMCPNCJ VQRKM [CPI OGPCTKM DCIK DCP[CM QTCPI /GTGMC OWPIMKP DGTRKMKT DCJYC OGTGMC CMCP OGTCUC LCWJ NGDKJ DCKM LKMC FCTCJ VGVCR DGTCFC FK FCNCO VWDWJ 6CRK VTCPUHWUK FCTCJ DKUC OGP[GNCOCVMCP P[CYC QTCPI NCKP VKCR JCTKP[C 4WOCJ UCMKV OGODWVWJMCP FCTCJ WPVWM RCUKGP RCUKGP [CPI OGPICNCOK NWMC OKUCNP[C RCFC RCUKGP

[CPI OGPLCNCPK QRGTCUK JCVK QRGTCUK VTCPURNCPVCUK QTICP VWDWJ OGPIKFCR RGP[CMKV

MCPMGT CVCW RGP[CMKV NCKPP[C [CPI OGORGPICTWJK FCTCJ UGRGTVK CPGOKC #FC DCP[CM QTCPI [CPI VKCR JCTK JCTWU OGPLCNCPK VTCPUHWUK FCTCJ 7TWVCP MCVC MCVC DGTEGVCM OKTKPI [CPI VGRCV LKMC MKVC CMCP OGPECTK CTVKP[C FCNCO MCOWU CFCNCJ ŗ C E D F 2GPLGFCCP [CPI DGPCT WPVWM MCNKOCV DGTKMWV CFCNCJ ŗ C $CJYC UGUWPIIWJP[C MGOGTFGMCCP KVW KCNCJ JCM UGICNC DCPIUC D $CJYC UGUWPIIWJP[C MGOGTFGMCCP KVW KCNCJ JCM UGICNC DCPIUC E $CJYC UGUWPIIWJP[C MGOGTFGMCCP KVW KCNCJ JCM UGICNC DCPIUC F $CJYC UGUWPIIWJP[C MGOGTFGMCCP KVW KCNCJ JCM UGICNC DCPIUC 5CCV OGODCECMCP 77& FCNCO WRCECTC DGPFGTC KPVQPCUK [CPI FKIWPCMCP UGDCKMP[C ŗ C MGTCU FCP VGICU D MGTCU FCP NGODWV

E MJKFOCV FCP VGICU F MGTCU FCP DGTUGOCPICV

6CPIICN /GK CMW DGTWNCPI VCJWP /COC OGODGTKMW JCFKCJ PQXGN /KTC 9 #[CJ OGODGTKMW JCFKCJ RWNRGP ECPVKM &CP VGOCP URGUKCNMW OGODGTKMW UGVCPIMCK DWPIC 5CCV OGPGTKOCP[C CMW DGTFGDCT FGDCT *CVKMW VCM OGPGPVW

,KMC RGTKUVKYC FK CVCU FKVWNKU FCNCO DWMW JCTKCP OGPLCFK ŗ C 7NCPI VCJWPMW VCPIICN /GK OGODCYC DCP[CM TK\MK #MW OGPGTKOC DCP[CM JCFKCJ /COC OGODGTKMW PQXGN C[CJ OGODGTKMW RWNRGP ECPVKM FCP VGOCP URGUKCNMW OGODGTKMW UGVCPIMCK DWPIC D 5CCV CMW DGTWNCPI VCJWP VCPIICN /GK NCNW DCP[CM JCFKCJ [CPI MWVGTKOC #FC UCVW JCFKCJ FCTK VGOCP URGUKCNMW [CPI OGODWCV CMW DGTFGDCT FGDCT &KC OGODGTKMW UGVCPIMCK DWPIC E 6GTKOC MCUKJ CVCU JCFKCJ FCTK OW OCOC FCP C[CJ #MW UGPCPI UGMCNK 0COWP CMW NGDKJ UGPCPI LKMC FKDGTK UGVCPIMCK DWPIC F 6GOCP URGUKCNMW OGODGTKMW UGVCPIMCK DWPIC UCCV CMW WNCPI VCJWP /COC FCP C[CJ LWIC OGODGTKMW JCFKCJ

2CTCICTCH [CPI FKMGODCPIMCP FCTK RGPICNCOCP RTKDCFK VGTFCRCV RCFC C #[CJMW OGODGNK UGGMQT DWTWPI $WTWPI KVW DKUC OGPKTWMCP UWCTC QTCPI #[CJ UCPICV UGPCPI FGPICP DWTWPI DCTWP[C KVW &KNGVCMMCP[C DWTWPI KVW FK UCPIMCT [CPI KPFCJ D *CTIC DGPUKP OWNCK DWNCP ,WPK OGPLCFK 4R RGT NKVGT 1TCPI QTCPI OGPLCFK MCNCPI MCDWV OGOKMKTMCP JCTIC JCTIC DCJCP RQMQM [CPI CMCP OGP[WUWN PCKM

8ML .RPSHWHQVL 6HPHVWHU

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

101

E 5GRCVW [CPI VGTDWCV FCTK MWNKV CUNK CMCP NGDKJ CYGV FKDCPFKPI UGRCVW FCTK MWNKV UKPVGVKU *CN KVW UWFCJ FKDWMVKMCP DCP[CM QTCPI F 2COCP OGPICLCMMW OGOCPEKPI #MW OGOCPI JQDK OGOCPEKPI 5GOCPICVMW OWPIMKP VGTNCNW DGUCT WPVWM OGPWLW MG RGOCPEKPICP UCORCK UCORCK CMW VKFCM UCFCT MCNCW CMW OGPIKPLCMMCP MCMKMW FK FCNCO MQNCO #MW RWP VGTLGDWT FCP DCUCJ MW[WR /CNW

DWMCP MGRCNCPI 5GOWC QTCPI VGTVCYC VGTRKPIMCN RKPIMCN Å—Å—Å—Å—Å—Å—Å—Å—Å—Å—Å—Å—Å—Å—Å—Å—Å—Å—Å—Å—Å—Å—Å—Å—Å—Å—Å—Å—Å—Å—Å—Å—Å—Å—Å—Å—Å—Å—Å—Å— 4CHKM CRC MCDCT! 5GOQIC MGCFCCPOW UGJCV #MW FK /CIGNCPI LWIC UGJCV UGJCV UCLC #FC JCN [CPI KPIKP CMW UCORCKMCP (KM #MW DGTOCMUWF OGPICLCMOW ECORKPI FK )WPWPI /GTDCDW #RCMCJ MCOW UWFCJ CFC TGPECPC OGPIKUK NKDWTCP UGOGUVGT FWC KPK! -CNCW DGNWO MKVC ECORKPI [WM #MW UWFCJ OGPIJWDWPIK #TOCP FCP ,QPCVCP /GTGMC UGVWLW 6KPIICN MCOW [CPI DGNWO Å—Å—Å—Å—Å—Å—Å—Å—Å—Å—Å—Å—Å—Å—Å—Å—Å—Å—Å—Å—Å—Å—Å—Å—Å—Å—Å—Å—Å—Å—Å—Å—Å—Å—Å—Å—Å—Å—Å—Å— -CNKOCV [CPI VGRCV WPVWM OGPICMJKTK UWTCV FK CVCU CFCNCJ Å— C D E F

&GOKMKCP UWTCV FCTK CMW -CDCT DCKM FCTKOW UGNCNW CMW VWPIIW 5WFCJ FWNW [C (KM 5GIGTC MCDCTK CMW -WVWPIIW MCOW FK /CIGNCPI [C -COW JCTWU OCW MKVC MCP UCJCDCV 6KFCM CFC MCOW VKFCM UGTW

+UK UWTCV FK CVCU CFCNCJ Å— C D E F

#LCMCP WPVWM OGPIKUK NKDWTCP UGOGUVGT FGPICP ECORKPI FK )WPWPI /GTDCDW 4CHKM FKCLCM VGOCPP[C MG )WPWPI /GTDCDW #TOCP ,QPCVCP FCP 4CHKM CMCP ECORKPI FK )WPWPI /GTDCDW /GP[CORCKMCP MGKPIKPCP WPVWM DGTNKDWT MG )WPWPI /GTDCDW

$CECNCJ FQPIGPI DGTKMWV FGPICP UCMUCOC

.QTQ ,QPIITCPI

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

8ML .RPSHWHQVL 6HPHVWHU

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

102

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

5WODGT JVVR YYY OCNCO DNQPIURQV EQO

*CN JCN [CPI OGPCTKM DGTFCUCTMCP EGTKVC FK CVCU CFCNCJ Å— C $CPFWPI $QPFQYQUQ [CPI UWMC OGOGTKPVCJ FGPICP MGLCO D $CPFWPI $QPFQYQUQ OGPEKPVCK .QTQ ,QPIITCPI E .QTQ ,QPIITCPI DGTWDCJ OGPLCFK RCVWPI F 6CVCRCP VCLCO MGOCTCJCP $CPFWPI $QPFQYQUQ 9CVCM .QTQ ,QPIITCPI CFCNCJ Å— C DCP[CM CMCN D UWMC OGOGTKPVCJ

8ML .RPSHWHQVL 6HPHVWHU

E VKFCM OGPGRCVK LCPLK F VKFCM OWFCJ OGPEKPVCK

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

103

.CVCT EGTKVC .QTQ ,QPIITCPI CFCNCJ ŗ C ;QI[CMCTVC D 2TCODCPCP

E %CPFK 2TCODCPCP F 5NGOCP

*CN JCN [CPI VKFCM DQNGJ FKEQPVQJ FCTK EGTKVC FK CVCU CFCNCJ ŗ MGEWCNK ŗ C D E F

/GOKPVC DCPVWCP MGRCFC LKP MCTGPC OGTGMC UCMVK FCP DKUC OGODCPVW OCPWUKC /GOCMUC QTCPI NCKP WPVWM OGPWTWVK MGJGPFCM MKVC MCTGPC MKVC DGTMWCUC FCP MWCV 5GIGTC OGPECTK LCNCP MGNWCT LKMC MKVC OGPICNCOK MGUWNKVCP /GP[GVWLWK UGUWCVW [CPI VKFCM MKVC UWMC VGVCRK FGPICP U[CTCV VGTVGPVW

$CECNCJ RGVKMCP EGTKVC CPCM DGTKMWV 5WCVW JCTK FCTK DCNKM LGPFGNC $GMC OGNKJCV 5QPK 5GOWV OGODCYC UGDWCJ MQVCM MG TWOCJ $W $GTK -QVCMP[C DGUCT %WMWR WPVWM OGOCUWMMCP *QTCU MG FCNCOP[C 5GFCPI DCIKCP NWCTP[C VGTDWPIMWU QNGJ MCKP DGTYCTPC JKVCO ő*GK 2QMC EQDC NKJCV KVWŒ RCPIIKN $GMC .CVCT RGVKMCP EGTKVC CPCM FK CVCU CFCNCJ ŗ C TWOCJ $W $GTK D FK FCNCO TWOCJ

E MQVCM JKVCO F NWCT TWOCJ

$CECNCJ RGVKMCP EGTKVC CPCM DGTKMWV

/GPICRC TQVK RGODGTKCPMW [CPI JCP[C UGRQVQPI OCUKJ MCW UKUCMCP UGRCTWJ! VCP[C UCPI TCLC $GVWN $CIKPFC -CVCP[C FCNCO UGVCJWP MCW JCP[C OGOGTNWMCP UGRQVQPI TQVK /GPICRC VCM MCW JCDKUMCP! $GIKPK $CIKPFC 4QVK KVW OGOCPI JCODC UKUCMCP UGRCTWJ 5GDCD JCODC MJCYCVKT LCPICP LCPICP $CIKPFC NWRC OGODWMC VWVWR VCDWPI KPK -CNCW $CIKPFC NWRC OGODWMCP[C VGPVW UCLC JCODC OCUKJ FCRCV OCMCP TQVK UGVCJWP NCIK 6CRK WPVWPINCJ $CIKPFC VKFCM NWRC *CODC UGPCPI UGMCNK 9CVCM UGOWV FCNCO EGTKVC CPCM FK CVCU CFCNCJ ŗ C JGOCV E DKLCMUCPC D VKFCM OWFCJ RGTEC[C F IGOCT TQVK 2CJCOK RCPVWP DGTKMWV #FC IWNC FKOCMCP UGOWV 5GOWV DGTUCNCO DKNC DGTLWORC -CYCP VKFCM RGTNW MCW VCMWV ;QI[C UWFCJ VKFCM CFC IGORC $GTFCUCTMCP RCPVWP FK CVCU FCRCV FKMGVCJWK EKTK EKTK RCPVWP CFCNCJ ŗ C 5CVW DCKV VGTFKTK FCTK GORCV DCTKU DCTKU FCP KUK DCTKU FCP UCORKTCP DGTKOC CDCD UCVW DCTKU VGTFKTK FCTK Ō UWMW MCVC D 5CVW DCTKU VGTFKTK FCTK GORCV DCKV DCKV FCP UCORKTCP DCKV FCP KUK DGTKOC CDCD UCVW DCKV VGTFKTK FCTK Ō UWMW MCVC E 5CVW DCKV VGTFKTK FCTK GORCV DCTKU DCTKU FCP UCORKTCP DCKV FCP KUK DGTKOC CDCD UCVW DCTKU VGTFKTK FCTK Ō UWMW MCVC

8ML .RPSHWHQVL 6HPHVWHU

104

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

F 5CVW DCKV VGTFKTK FCTK Ō UWMW MCVC DCTKU FCP UCOORKTCP DCTKU FCP KUK UCVW DCTKU VGTFKTK FCTK GORCV DCKV -WPCPI MWPCPI DGTNCORW DCFCP ŗŗŗŗŗŗŗŗŗŗŗŗŗŗ 0CKM OQVQT NKJCVNCJ FGRCP .KJCV DGNCMCPI NGYCV URKQP $CIKCP TWORCPI FCNCO RCPVWP FK CVCU UGDCKMP[C FKKUK ŗ C MQVC VGTCPI DGTNCORW PGQP E LCFK CPCM LCPICPNCJ DQJQPI D NCORW OCVK IGNCR UGMCNK F MWPCPI VGTDCPI OGPWLW FKRCP 5GOCTCPI MQVCP[C CVNCU 5WTCDC[C MQVC RCJNCYCP #[Q MCYCP LCPICP OCNCU -GDQFQJCP JCTWU MKVC NCYCP 2CPVWP FK CVCU DGTKUK ŗ C VGMC VGMK D PCUKJCV

E LGPCMC F FWMC PGUVCRC

++ ,CYCDNCJ UQCN UQCN DGTKMWV FGPICP LGNCU FCP VGRCV $CECNCJ FQPIGPI DGTKMWV FGPICP UCMUCOC ,CYCDNCJ UQCN PQOQT Ō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ŗ! RKMKT 6CTQ 9CNCWRWP CICM MGEGYC FGPICP DGPFC [CPI FKFCRCVMCPP[C 6CTQ NCNW DGTLCNCP UCODKN OGODCYC LGTCOK &K VGPICJ LCNCP KC OGPCPIMCR FCP OGPIKMCVMCP UGGMQT NCNCV DGUCT [CPI VGTDCPI FGPICP TKDWVP[C OGPIGNKNKPIK 6CTQ FK LGTCOKP[C .CNCV VGTUGDWV VGTDCPI DGTRWVCT RWVCT RCFC LGTCOK [CPI UWFCJ FKKMCVMCP RCFC UGDCVCPI TCPVKPI 9CJ OGPCTKM [C WLCT 6CTQ 5CCV KVW NGYCV MGTGVC [CPI FKKMWVK RCTC RGPICYCN &K FCNCO MGTGVC KVW UGQTCPI CPCM UGFCPI FWFWM UCODKN OGORGTJCVKMCP NCNCV 6CTQ #MW KPIKP OCKPCP KVW 5GQTCPI RGPICYCN FCVCPI OGPIJCORKTK 6CTQ FCP OGOKPVC OCKPCP KVW 5KNCMCP CODKN WLCT 6CTQ +DW CPCM VGTUGDWV OGODGTKMCP VKIC DWCJ LGTWM UGDCICK TCUC VGTKOC MCUKJP[C MGRCFC 6CTQ 9CJ UGDCVCPI LGTCOK DKUC OGPLCFK VKIC DWCJ LGTWM WLCT 6CTQ FCNCO JCVK -GVKMC OGPGTWUMCP RGTLCNCPCPP[C VGTNKJCV UGQTCPI YCPKVC [CPI UGFCPI DGTKUVKTCJCV FCP UCPICV MGJCWUCP /CCH CFCMCJ VGORCV FK FGMCV UKPK OCVC CKT ! VCP[C YCPKVC VCFK #FC FK MWKN VGVCRK LCTCMP[C OCUKJ LCWJ FCTK UKPK MCNCW #PFC JCWU KPK MWDGTKMCP LGTWMMW MCVC 6CTQ UCODKN OGODGTKMCP LGTWMP[C MGRCFC YCPKVC KVW 6GTKOC MCUKJ DGTMCV GPIMCW CMW OGPLCFK

8ML .RPSHWHQVL 6HPHVWHU

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

105

UGJCV FCP UGICT MGODCNK 6GTKOCNCJ MCKP VGPWP KPK UGDCICK TCUC VGTKOC MCUKJ MCOK WLCT UWCOK YCPKVC KVW &GPICP RGTCUCCP IGODKTC 6CTQ DGTLCNCP UCODKN OGODCYC MCKP KVW 6CM NCOC MGOWFKCP NGYCV UGQTCPI UCOWTCK FGPICP MWFCP[C -GVKMC FGMCV 6CTQ MWFC UCOWTCK KVW VGTLCVWJ FCP VKFCM OCORW DGTIGTCM NCIK #FWJ RCFCJCN MKVC UGFCPI VGTDWTW DWTW 2CTC RGPICYCN DGTGODWM CRC [CPI JCTWU FKNCMWMCP VGTJCFCR MWFC KVW /GNKJCV MGCFCCP KVW 6CTQ OGPCYCTMCP FKTK WPVWM OGPIWTWU MWFC KVW 5GDCICK ICPVKP[C 6CTQ OGODGTKMCP UGIWNWPI MCKP VGPWP [CPI KC FCRCVMCP MGRCFC RCTC RGPICYCN UCOWTCK KVW 6CTQ OGPICODKN CKT FCTK UWPICK FCP UGIGTC OGOKPWOMCPP[C MGRCFC MWFC KVW -GOWFKCP FGPICP UCPICV IGODKTC 6CTQ OGODCYC MWFC [CPI UWFCJ UGJCV KVW UCODKN OGODCYC IWNWPI MCKP [CPI VGTUKUC -GVKMC JCTK OGPLGNCPI OCNCO 6CTQ RGTIK MG TWOCJ UGQTCPI RGVCPK WPVWM OGOKPVC OCMCPCP VGTPCM WPVWM MWFC FCP UGDCICK ICPVKP[C KC OGODGTKMCP UGIWNWPI MCKP [CPI FKOKNKMKP[C 2GVCPK KVW OGOCPFCPIK MCKP VGPWP [CPI KPFCJ KVW FCP OGTCUC COCV UGPCPI 5GDCICK WECRCP VGTKOC MCUKJ RGVCPK KVW OGPLCOW 6CTQ OCMCP OCNCO FCP OGORGTUKNCMCPP[C OGPIKPCR FK TWOCJP[C 'UQM JCTKP[C 6CTQ OQJQP FKTK MGRCFC RGVCPK KVW FCP OGNCPLWVMCP RGTLCNCPCP FGPICP OGPWPIICPI MWFCP[C 6KDC VKDC FK FGRCP UGDWCJ TWOCJ DGUCT QTCPI QTCPI VCORCM UCPICV UKDWM OGOKPFCJMCP DCTCPI DCTCPI -CNCW CFC MWFC VGPVW UCPICV DGTOCPHCCV RKMKT 6CTQ -GOWFKCP VCTQ OCUWM MG JCNCOCP TWOCJ FCP DGTVCP[C CRCMCJ OGTGMC OGODWVWJMCP MWFC 5CPI RGOKNKM TWOCJ DGTMCVC 9CJ MWFC [CPI DCIWU #MW OGPIKPIKPMCPP[C VGVCRK CMW UCCV KPK VKFCM OGORWP[CK WCPI $CICKOCPCP MCNCW MW ICPVK FGPICP UCYCJMW ! $CKM WCPI MCNCW FKRCMCK UGIGTC JCDKU VGVCRK UCYCJ DKNC FKICTCR CMCP OGPIJCUKNMCP DGTCU 5KNCMCP MCNCW OCW FKVWMCT MCVC 6CTQ $KLCMUCPC UGMCNK MCW CPCM OWFC $CICKOCPC LKMC UGNCOC CMW RGTIK MG PGIGTK [CPI LCWJ MCW VKPIICN FKUKPK WPVWM OGPLCICP[C! VCP[C UK RGOKNKM TWOCJ $CKM VGTKOC MCUKJ 6WCP 5GLCM UCCV KVW VCTQ OGPLCIC TWOCJ KVW UCODKN DGMGTLC OGODGTUKJMCP TGTWORWVCP FCP OGPIICTCR UCYCJ [CPI FKFCRCVMCPP[C -GVKMC OWUKO IWIWT VKDC 6CTQ OGOCPGP RCFKP[C [CPI UCPICV DCP[CM 5GOCMKP NCOC 6CTQ UGOCMKP MC[C -CTGPC MGMC[CCPP[C DGTCYCN FCTK UGDCVCPI LGTCOK KC FKDGTK LWNWMCP 5CWFCICT ,GTCOK 2CTC VGVCPIICP[C [CPI MC[C FCVCPI MGRCFC 6CTQ FCP OGOKPVC CICT RWVTK OGTGMC FKLCFKMCP KUVTK QNGJ 6CTQ 6GVCRK CMJKTP[C 6CTQ OGPKMCJ FGPICP UGQTCPI ICFKU FCTK FGUC VGORCV KC FKNCJKTMCP +UVTKP[C DGMGTLC FGPICP TCLKP OGODCPVW 6CTQ /GTGMC RWP FKMCTWPKCK UGQTCPI CPCM [CPI NWEW 9CMVW VGTWU DGTLCNCP VGVCRK 5K RGOKNKM TWOCJ VKFCM RGTPCJ MGODCNK NCIK &GPICP FGOKMKCP 6CTQ JKFWR DCJCIKC DGTUCOC MGNWCTICP[C

5WODGT JVVR YYY OCNCO DNQPIURQV EQO

6WNKUNCJ JCN JCN OGPCTKM [CPI MCOW VGOWMCP FCNCO FQPIGPI FK CVCU 5KCRC VQMQJ FCNCO FQPIGPI FK CVCU FCP DCICKOCPC YCVCMP[C 2GTPCJMCJ MCOW OGPICNCOK RGTKUVKYC UGRGTVK [CPI FKCNCOK VQMQJ FK CVCU! 2GTKUVKYC CRC KVW! %QDC EGTKVCMCP %GTKVCMCP MGODCNK FQPIGPI FK CVCU FGPICP MCNKOCVOW UGPFKTK

8ML .RPSHWHQVL 6HPHVWHU

106

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

$CECNCJ DGTKVC DGTKMWV FGPICP UCMUCOC ,CYCDNCJ UQCN PQOQT Ō

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ŏŏ-CTGPC UC[C 205 UC[C OGPFCRCVMCP 6CRGTWO -CTGPC MCOK KPIKP OGODGNK TWOCJ MCOK JCP[C OGOKPVC HQTOWNKT FCTK $60 $CPM 6CDWPICP 0GICTC FCP OGPICLWMCP RGPICODKNCP TWOCJ .CNW $60 [CPI OGPIWTWU UGOWCP[C YCMVWP[C LWIC VKFCM NCOC 0CJ UGMCTCPI MCOK DKUC OGPGORCVK TWOCJ OKNKM UGPFKTK ŏŏ WLCTP[C $CPVWCP [CPI FKVGTKOC &CNKOCJ UCCV KVW UGDGUCT 4R LWVC $CPVWCP KVW FKC IWPCMCP WPVWM OGODC[CT WCPI OWMC TWOCJ UGNWCU OGVGT RGTUGIK O FK 6GNWM ,CODG -CTCYCPI ,CYC $CTCV 5GOGPVCTC UQCN EKEKNCP TWOCJ FKVGVCRMCP UGUWCK CVWTCP $60 4WOCJ UGJCTIC 4R LWVC KVW FKC EKEKN RGT DWNCPP[C UGDGUCT 4R JKPIIC UGMCTCPI ŏŏ%KEKNCP TWOCJ KVW FCNCO YCMVW FGMCV CMCP UGIGTC NWPCU ŏŏ WECRP[C UCODKN VGTUGP[WO 5GOGPVCTC KVW EKEKNCP RKPLCOCP WCPI OWMC FCTK 6CRGTWO VKCR DWNCPP[C JKPIIC MKPK OCUKJ FKRQVQPI FCTK ICLKP[C FGPICP PQOKPCN [CPI VGTDKNCPI TKPICP [CMPK CPVCTC 4R Ō4R $CPVWCP UGDGUCT 4R LWVC KVW OGPWTWV &CNKOCJ UCPICV OGODCPVW KDW DGTCPCM GORCV KPK OGPFCRCVMCP TWOCJ 2CUCNP[C UCCV KVW WCPI OWMC UGDGUCT 4R LWVC VGTCUC DGIKVW DGUCT ŏŏ9CMVW KVW 4R LWVC KVW DGUCT MCNCW UGMCTCPI [C MGEKN -CTGPC KVW DCPVWCP 6CRGTWO KVW UCPICV OGODCPVW MCOK OGPFCRCVMCP TWOCJ [CPI MCOK KPIKPMCP 5GDCD WCPI OWMC FCTK TWOCJ [CPI MCOK CODKN [C UGIKVW 4R LWVC LCFKP[C RCU ŏŏ VWVWTP[C *CN [CPI UCOC FKWVCTCMCP ECNQP 205 FK ,CMCTVC 6KOWT ;WFK &YK &KC OGPICMW UWFCJ OGOCPHCCVMCP 6CRGTWO WPVWM OGPICODKN TWOCJ FK MCYCUCP %KMCTCPI 4WOCJ [CPI FKCODKNP[C VKRG [CPI DGTCFC FK RQUKUK JQQM FGPICP NWCU VCPCJ O 0KNCK $CPVWCP 5CPICV 4GPFCJ 5GOGPVCTC KVW #TOKVC #TFGO 205 IQNQPICP +++ FK &24 KPK OGPICVCMCP DGNWO OGPICODKN TWOCJ UGECTC -24 OGNCNWK $CRGTVCTWO 2CUCNP[C DCPVWCP [CPI FKDGTKMCP PKNCKP[C OCUKJ UCPICV MGEKN ŏŏ7PVWM IQNQPICP +++ JCP[C 4R LWVC 5GMCTCPI WCPI UGDGUCT KVW VKFCM EWMWR WPVWM OGODC[CT WCPI OWMC TWOCJ ŏŏ MCVCP[C -GPFCVK FGOKMKCP FKC OGPICMW OCUKJ RKMKT RKMKT WPVWM OGPICODKN TWOCJ OGNCNWK UWDUKFK $GRGTVCTWO 5GDCD FGPICP DCPVWCP [CPI PKNCKP[C VKFCM DGTVCODCJ FCTK VCJWP MG VCJWP KVW LWUVTW DWPIC FCTK DCPVWCP [CPI FKRQVQPI FCTK ICLKP[C CMCP NGDKJ DGUCT ŏŏ-GEKN UGMCNK UGMCTCPI VKFCM DKUC WPVWM DC[CT WCPI OWMC DGNWO RQVQPICPP[C FCTK DCPVWCP KVW ,WONCJ KVW RCNKPI JCP[C WPVWM CFOKPKUVTCUK

8ML .RPSHWHQVL 6HPHVWHU

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

107

-CNCW FWNW OWPIMKP DKUC OGODCPVW VCRK UGMCTCPI [C VKFCM DKUC UGMCTCPI MCP CRC CRC OCJCN ŏŏ MGNWJP[C -CTGPC KVW FKC DGTJCTCR LWONCJ DCPVWCP VGTUGDWV FKVCODCJ CVCW FKUGUWCKMCP RGTMGODCPICP \COCP UGRGTVK PKNCK FC[C DGNK WCPI FCP JCTIC JCTIC [CPI VGTWU OGNCODWPI

JVVR YYY UGRWVCT KPFQPGUKC EQO #RC KUK DGTKVC FK CVCU! 5KORWNMCPNCJ DGTKVC FK CVCU 6GPVWMCP RQMQM RQMQM DGTKVC FK CVCU 6WNKU MGODCNK DGTKVC FK CVCU FCNCO DGDGTCRC MCNKOCV 6WNKUNCJ UGDWCJ UWTCV MGRCFC VGOCPOW FK NWCT MQVC +UK UWTCV DGDCU 2GTJCVKMCP CVWTCP UGDWCJ RGPWNKUCP UWTCV FCP DCJCUC UWTCV $WCVNCJ UGDWCJ RGPIWOWOCP DCTCPI JKNCPI

8ML .RPSHWHQVL 6HPHVWHU

108

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

8ML .RPSHWHQVL 6HPHVWHU

UNIT 5 PENDIDIKAN

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81

82

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

# $GTEGTKVC FGPICP #NCV 2 /GOCJCOK +UK %GTKVC %CTC $GTEGTKVC FGPICP #NCV 2GTCIC $GTNCVKJ $GTEGTKVC FCNCO -GNQORQM .QODC $GTEGTKVC FGPICP #NCV 2GTCIC 6WICU 4WOCJ

2'0&+&+-#0

$ /GODCECMCP 6GMU 2GTCPIMCV /GOCJCOK 6GMU 2GTCPIMCV 7RCECTC /GODGTK 6CPFC %CTC /GODCEC $GTNCVKJ /GODCEC 6GMU 2GTCPIMCV 7RCECTC .QODC /GODCECMCP 6GMU 2GTCPIMCV 7RCECTC 6WICU 4WOCJ

% /GPWNKU -GODCNK +UK &QPIGPI /GODCEC &QPIGPI /GPICPCNKUKU #NWT FCP 2GUCP &QPIGPI /GPWNKU -GODCNK +UK &QPIGPI $GTNCVKJ 5GPFKTK 6WICU 4WOCJ

8QLW 3HQGLGLNDQ

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

83

# $GTEGTKVC FGPICP #NCV 2GTCIC

$GTCRC DCP[CM EGTKVC [CPI VGNCJ MCNKCP DCEC! 2GTPCJMCJ MCOW OGPEGTKVCMCP MGODCNK KUK EGTKVC MGRCFC VGOCPOW FGPICP CNCV RGTCIC! #NCV RGTCIC CMCP OGPCODCJ MGOGPCTKMCP EGTKVC 5GNCKP KVW LWIC OGODCPVW RGPFGPICT WPVWM OGOCJCOK KUK EGTKVC -GIKCVCP MCNK KPK CFCNCJ DGTEGTKVC FGPICP CNCV RGTCIC #NCV RGTCIC FCRCV DGTWRC CRC UCLC $GPFC DGPFC FK UGMKVCTOW CPIIQVC DCFCPOW ICODCT ICODCT CVCW DQPGMC FCRCV FKLCFKMCP UGDCICK CNCV RGTCIC #NCV RGTCIC [CPI VGRCV CMCP UCPICV OGODCPVW MGNCPECTCP DGTEGTKVC +MWVK MGIKCVCP KPK FGPICP DCKM [C /GOCJCOK +UK %GTKVC $CECNCJ EGTKVC DGTKMWV FGPICP UCMUCOC 2CJCOK KUK EGTKVC

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8QLW 3HQGLGLNDQ

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

84

Å‘,CWJ KVW MG OCPC!Å’ FGUCM .KODQ UK $QPGMC )CLCJ Å‘-COW MCP VCM RGTPCJ RGTIK MG OCPC OCPC Å’ /CEKVC OGPIICTWM ICTWM VGNKPICP[C +C DGTRKMKT Å‘+[C [C GPCMP[C CMW RGTIK MG OCPC [C!Å’ /GNKJCV /CEKVC FKCO (TKFQ DGTVCP[C Å‘-GPCRC MCOW KPIKP RGTIK /CEKVC! #RCMCJ MCOW VCM UWMC DGTVGOCP FGPICP MW!Å’ /GPFGPICT RGTVCP[CCP (TKFQ 6WKV 6WKV FCP .KODQ LCFK KMWV UGFKJ Å‘;C /CEKVC MGPCRC MCOW OCW RGTIK! #RC UCNCJMW!Å’ /CEKVC VGTJCTW FGPICP UKMCR VGOCP VGOCPP[C /GUMK TCIW TCIW /CEKVC CMJKTP[C OGPEGTKVCMCP CNCUCP VGPVCPI MGPCRC KC KPIKP RGTIK FCTK TWOCJ KVW Å‘5GDGPCTP[C CMW KPIKP RGTIK MCTGPC CMW OCNW Å’ Å‘/CNW MGPCRC!Å’ VCP[C VGOCP VGOCPP[C UGTGPVCM Å‘#MW OCNW MCTGPCÅ—OOÅ—MCTGPC CMW DQPGMC [CPI FGMKN UGFCPIMCP MCNKCP DGIKVW DGTUKJ Å’ /CEKVC OGPWPFWM Å‘#MW MJCYCVKT MCNKCP GPIICP DGTFGMCVCP FGPICPMW Å’ (TKFQ .KODQ FCP 6WKV 6WKV UCNKPI RCPFCPI $GDGTCRC JCTK [CPI NCNW MWEKPI RGOKNKM TWOCJ DGTOCKP FGPICP /CEKVC +C

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5WODGT $TCXQ &GUGODGT ,CPWCTK

$CICKOCPC EGTKVC FK CVCU! 5GTW MCP 6QMQJ FCNCO EGTKVC FK CVCU VGTP[CVC DQPGMC 6GPVW MCOW UWMC OGODCECP[C $GTCTVK MCOW UWFCJ OGOCJCOK DCECCP VGTUGDWV $KNC DGNWO RCJCO EQDC WNCPIK UGMCNK NCIK OGODCECP[C UCORCK MCOW OGOCJCOKP[C 5GMCTCPI KMWVK MGIKCVCP DGTKMWV $GTMGNQORQMNCJ FGPICP QTCPI VGOCPOW &GUMTKRUKMCP WPUWT WPUWT KPVTKPUKM EGTKVC VGTNGDKJ FCJWNW 7PUWT +PVTKPUKM VGOC VQMQJ FCP MCTCMVGT NCVCT C VGORCV D YCMVW E UWCUCPC #NWT WTWVCP RGTKUVKYC

C D E Å— RGUCP &KUMWUKMCP CNCV RGTCIC [CPI VGRCV WPVWM EGTKVC FK CVCU

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Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

85

%CTC $GTEGTKVC FGPICP #NCV 2GTCIC

#NCV RGTCIC [CPI DKUC MCNKCP IWPCMCP CPVCTC NCKP DWMW EGTKVC ICODCT DQPGMC ICODCT IGTCM FCP NCKP NCKP 5GVKCR CNCV RGTCIC OGOKNKMK MCTCMVGTKUVKM VGTUGPFKTK 7PVWM KVW FKRGTNWMCP RGPIGVCJWCP VGPVCPI MGVGRCVCP RGPIIWPCCP CNCV RGTCIC ™ #NCV 2GTCIC $WMW ,KMC MCOW OGOKNKJ DWMW UGDCICK CNCV RGTCIC OCMC RKNKJNCJ DWMW [CPI DGTICODCT DGUCT FCP VKFCM TWOKV 2KNKJ DWMW EGTKVC [CPI DGTCNWT UGFGTJCPC OGOKNKMK MCTCMVGT LGNCU FKCNQI [CPI OWFCJ FKEGTPC FCP UKPIMCV 2QUKUK DWMW WUCJCMCP FCRCV FKNKJCV RGPFGPICT ™ #NCV 2GTCIC )CODCT ,KMC ICODCT OGPLCFK RKNKJCP CNCV RGTCICOW OCMC UKCRMCP ICODCT UGUWCK FGPICP EGTKVC $WCVNCJ ICODCT UGOGPCTKM OWPIMKP 6GORGN ICODCT KVW RCFC RCRCP RCPGN WUCJCMCP VGTNKJCV QNGJ UGOWC CWFKGP CVCW RGPFGPICT 5KCRMCP CNCV RGPWPLWM ICODCT IWPCMCP CNCV KPK UGDCICK RGOCPFW DGTEGTKVC ,CPICP UCORCK UCNCJ OGP[GDWVMCP VQMQJ FCP OGPWPLWM ICODCTP[C ™ #NCV 2GTCIC $QPGMC ,KMC DQPGMC [CPI MCOW RKNKJ OCMC RGTJCVKMCP LCTCM DQPGMC FGPICP OWNWV RGPEGTKVC LCPICP VGTNCNW FGMCV -GFWC VCPICP JCTWU NGPVWT OGOCKPMCP DQPGMC #PVCTC IGTCMCP DQPGMC FGPICP UWCTC VQMQJ JCTWU UKPMTQP 5CVW JCN [CPI JCTWU MCOW KPICV CFCNCJ HWPIUK CNCV RGTCIC #NCV RGTCIC VKFCM JCP[C DGTHWPIUK OGORGTKPFCJ EGTKVC (WPIUK WVCOC CNCV RGTCIC CFCNCJ OGOWFCJMCP RGPFGPICT OGOCJCOK KUK FCP RGUCP OQTCN [CPI FKUCORCKMCP NGYCV EGTKVC

$GTNCVKJ $GTEGTKVC FCNCO -GNQORQM

$GTMGNQORQMNCJ FGPICP QTCPI VGOCPOW $GTNCVKJNCJ DGTEGTKVC OGPIIWPCMCP CNCV RGTCIC [CPI UWFCJ FKUGRCMCVK UGECTC DGTIKNKTCP 6GOCP [CPI UGFCPI VKFCM DGTEGTKVC DGTVWICU OGPKNCK 6WNKU RGPKNCKCPOW FK DWMW VWICU UGRGTVK VCDGN DGTKMWV 2GPKNCKCP 0COC 5KUYC -GNWYGUCP 5KPMTQPKVCU CPVCTC +ORTQXKUCUK /GP[KORWNMCP /GPIIWPCMCP 2GTCIC FGPICP %GTKVC %GTKVC #NCV 2GTCIC 5WCTC 6QMQJ

6GTWUNCJ DGTNCVKJ JKPIIC MCNKCP OCJKT 2KNKJ UCVW RGPEGTKVC VGTDCKM

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Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

86

.QODC $GTEGTKVC FGPICP #NCV 2GTCIC $CICKOCPC NCVKJCPOW! 6GPVW OGP[GPCPIMCP -COW UWFCJ OGPGPVWMCP RGPEGTKVC VGTDCKM FCNCO MGNQORQM! -KPK RKNKJNCJ UCVW UKUYC FCTK UGVKCR MGNQORQM WPVWM OGPLCFK LWTK NQODC DGTEGTKVC #LCMNCJ LWIC IWTWOW .CMWMCPNCJ MGIKCVCP KPK NC[CMP[C MCNKCP OGPICFCMCP UGDWCJ RGTNQODCCP DGTEGTKVC &KUMWUKMCP VGTNGDKJ FCJWNW JCN JCN [CPI CMCP FKPKNCK ,WTK OGOCPIIKN RGUGTVC UGECTC CECM .CMWMCP [CPI VGTDCKM 6WICU 4WOCJ

6GPVWMCP UGDWCJ EGTKVC CPCM 2KNKJ [CPI OGPCTKM FCP RCJCOK KUKP[C

$WCVNCJ CNCV RGTCIC WPVWM OGODCPVW OGP[CORCKMCP KUK EGTKVC

$GTNCVKJNCJ DGTEGTKVC FGPICP CNCV RGTCICOW

7PFCPINCJ VGOCP VGOCP CFKMOW DGTEGTKVCNCJ MGRCFC OGTGMC

5GVGNCJ DGTEGTKVC VCP[CMCP JCN JCN DGTKMWV MGRCFC OGTGMC C 5KCRC VQMQJ EGTKVC [CPI MCNKCP FGPICT FCP DCICKOCPC YCVCMP[C! D 2GTKUVKYC CRC [CPI FKCNCOK VQMQJ EGTKVC! E -GDCKMCP CRC [CPI DKUC MCNKCP EQPVQJ FCTK VQMQJ EGTKVC!

*CUKN LCYCDCP VGOCP VGOCPOW VGTUGDWV OGTWRCMCP MGDGTJCUKNCPOW DGTEGTKVC ,KMC OGTGMC DKUC OGPLCYCD FGPICP VGRCV CTVKP[C MCOW VGNCJ DGTJCUKN DGTEGTKVC FGPICP CNCV RGTCIC FGPICP DCKM

$ /GODCECMCP 6GMU 2GTCPIMCV 7RCECTC

5GVKCR JCTK 5GPKP FCP JCTK JCTK PCUKQPCN VGPVW MCNKCP OGPIKMWVK WRCECTC 5KCRC [CPI RGTPCJ OGPLCFK RGVWICU WRCECTC! -COW DGTVWICU UGDCICK CRC! 2GODCEC 77& RGODCEC FQC RGODCEC LCPLK RGNCLCT RGPIKDCT DGPFGTC CVCW RGOKORKP WRCECTC! 5GNCOCV [C VGPVW MCNKCP DGTVWICU FGPICP DCKM 6CJWMCJ MCNKCP DCJYC OGODCEC 77& FQC FCP LCPLK RGNCLCT OGOKNKMK CVWTCP #VWTCP FCNCO JCN KPK CFCNCJ ECTC OGODCEC /GODCEC RGTCPIMCV WRCECTC JCTWU OGORGTJCVKMCP KPVQPCUK 77& FCP LCPLK RGNCLCT UGDCKMP[C FKDCEC FGPICP KPVQPCUK VGICU FCP MGTCU UGTVC DGTYKDCYC 5GFCPIMCP VGMU FQC UGDCKMP[C FKDCEC FGPICP NGODWV -GIKCVCP MCNK KPK CFCNCJ OGODCECMCP VGMU RGTCPIMCV WRCECTC &CNCO OGODCEC MCNKCP JCTWU OGORGTJCVKMCP KPVQPCUK LGFC FCP NCHCN FGPICP VGRCV +MWVK MGIKCVCP KPK FGPICP DCKM [C

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Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

87

/GOCJCOK 6GMU 2GTCPIMCV 7RCECTC $CECNCJ FCP RCJCOK VGMU RGTCPIMCV WRCECTC DGTKMWV 6GMU 77&

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Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

88

6GMU LCPLK UKUYC FK UGVKCR UGMQNCJ DGTDGFC DGFC $GTKMWV CFCNCJ UCNCJ UCVW EQPVQJ VGMU LCPLK UKUYC 6GMU ,CPLK 5KUYC ,CPLK 2GNCLCT 5/2 /6U PCOC UGMQNCJ $GTVCSYC MGRCFC 6WJCP ;CPI /CJC 'UC 5GVKC MGRCFC 2CPECUKNC FCP 77& *QTOCV FCP RCVWJ MGRCFC QTCPI VWC FCP IWTW $GTUKJ NCJKT DCVKP FCP VGIWJ JCVK 4CLKP DGNCLCT UGTVC IKCV DGMGTLC 6GMU FQC UGVKCR UGMQNCJ LWIC DGTDGFC DGFC $GTKMWV CFCNCJ UCNCJ UCVW EQPVQJ VGMU FQC 6GMU &QC

;C #NNCJ ;C 6WJCP MCOK #ORWPKNCJ UGICNC FQUC FQUC MCOK &QUC MGFWC QTCPI VWC MCOK FQUC IWTW IWTW MCOK FCP FQUC RCTC RGOKORKP MCOK &CP UC[CPIKNCJ OGTGMC UGDCICKOCPC OGTGMC OGP[C[CPIK MCOK ;C #NNCJ ;CPI /CJC 2GPICUKJ FCP 2GP[C[CPI 5C[CPIKNCJ MCOK FCP LCFKMCPNCJ MCOK QTCPI QTCPI VGTRKNKJ 5GRGTVK QTCPI QTCPI [CPI VGNCJ 'PIMCW RKNKJ UGDGNWO MCOK ;C #NNCJ ;C 6WJCP MCOK $GTMCJKNCJ MCOK FCP VWPLWMMCP MCOK MG LCNCP [CPI NWTWU $KODKPINCJ MCOK CICT OGPLCFK QTCPI QTCPI [CPI DGTIWPC DCIK PWUC FCP DCPIUC ;C #NNCJ 6WJCP 5GOGUVC #NCO $GTKNCJ MGUCDCTCP MGRCFC IWTW IWTW MCOK FCNCO OGODKODKPI MCOK &C DGTKNCJ MCOK MGUCDCTCP FCNCO OGPWPVWV KNOW LCFKMCPNCJ KNOW KNOW MCOK UGDCICK KNOW [CPI DGTOCPHCCV ;C #NNCJ ,CPICP DKCTMCP MCOK FCNCO MGUGUCVCP $KODKPINCJ MCOK FGPICP MCUKJ UC[CPI /W *KPFCTMCPNCJ MCOK FCTK CRK PGTCMC #OKP

-COW UWFCJ RGTPCJ OGODCEC UCNCJ UCVW FCTK MGVKIC VGMU VGTUGDWV! 2CUVK MCOW UWFCJ RGTPCJ OGODCECP[C VGTWVCOC VGMU 2GODWMCCP 7PFCPI 7PFCPI &CUCT $CICKOCPC ECTC OGODCEC VGMU VGTUGDWV FGPICP DGPCT! #[Q KMWVK MGIKCVCP DGTKMWV

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Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

89

/GODGTK 6CPFC %CTC /GODCEC 6GMU RGTCPIMCV WRCECTC FKDCECMCP CICT FKFGPICT QNGJ UGNWTWJ RGUGTVC WRCECTC 1NGJ MCTGPC KVW YCLKD FKDCEC FGPICP MGTCU KPVQPCUK NCHCN FCP LGFC LGNCU 2GODCECCP FGPICP KPVQPCUK NCHCN FCP LGFC [CPI VGRCV DGTJWDWPICP FGPICP RGOCJCOCP KUK VGMU ,KMC FCNCO OGODCEC VGMU OGNCMWMCP MGUCNCJCP LGFC FCP KPVQPCUK RGPFGPICT CMCP OGPCPIMCR OCMPC NCKP FCTK OCMPC [CPI UGJCTWUP[C ,CFK DCICKOCPC UGJCTWUP[C MKVC OGODCECMCP VGMU RGTCPIMCV WRCECTC! 6GMU RGTCPIMCV WRCECTC FKDCECMCP FCNCO CECTC TGUOK 6GMU VGTUGDWV JCTWU FKDCECMCP UGECTC VGICU LGNCU FCP MJKFOCV +PVQPCUK [CPI MKVC JCFKTMCP JCTWU FCRCV OGODGTK MGUCP OCPVCR FCP DGTYKDCYC 7PVWM KVW FKRGTNWMCP RGPIGVCJWCP VGPVCPI ECTC OGODGTK LGFC FCP OGODGTK PCFC

KPVQPCUK [CPI VGRCV $GTKMWV CFCNCJ RGPIGVCJWCP VGPVCPI VCPFC LGFC FCP KPVQPCUK 6CPFC VCPFC LGFC

CFCNCJ VCPFC DGTJGPVK UCVW MGVWMCP UGRGTVK VCPFC MQOC

CFCNCJ VCPFC FWC MGVWMCP UGRGTVK VCPFC VKVKM CFCNCJ VCPFC VKIC MGVWMCP WPVWM CPVCTRCTCITCH

6CPFC VCPFC KPVQPCUK

OGPWPLWMMCP PCFC PCKM

OGPWPLWMMCP PCFC VWTWP

OGPWPLWMMCP PCFC FCVCT RGODGTKCP VGMCPCP RCFC UWMWMCVC CVCW MCVC

%QPVQJ RGODGTKCP VCPFC LGFC VGMU RGODWMCCP 77&

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Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

90

$GTICDWPINCJ FGPICP VKIC VGOCPOW &KUMWUKMCP ECTC OGODCEC VGMU RGTCPIMCV WRCECTC 77& ,CPLK 5KUYC FCP &QC 6WNKU WNCPI FK DWMW VWICUOW FCP DGTKNCJ VCPFC LGFC FCP KPVQPCUK RCFC VGMU RGTCPIMCV WRCECTC KVW $GTNCVKJ /GODCECMCP 6GMU 2GTCPIMCV 7RCECTC $CICKOCPC MGIKCVCPOW OGODGTK VCPFC ECTC OGODCEC VGMU RGTCPIMCV WRCECTC! 5GVGNCJ OGODGTK VCPFC ECTC OGODCEC RCFC VGMU RGTCPIMCV WRCECTC MKPK UCCVP[C WPVWM OGODCECMCP VGMU RGTCPIMCV WRCECTC $CIKNCJ VWICU OGODCECMCP VGMU RGTCPIMCV WRCECTC #FC VGMU OCUKPI OCUKPI UKUYC OGOKNKJ UCVW VGMU WPVWM FKDCECMCP $GTICPVKCPNCJ OGODCECMCP VGMU RGTCPIMCV WRCECTC $GTKNCJ RGPKNCKCP ECTC OGODCEC VGOCPOW 6WNKU RGPKNCKCP FK DWMW VWICU 2GPKNCKCP %CTC /GODCECMCP 6GMU 2GTCPIMCV 7RCECTC 0COC 5KUYC

8QNWOG

,GFC

+PVQPCUK

.CHCN

$GTNCVKJNCJ VGTWU UGUWCK FGPICP UCTCP VGOCPOW

.QODC /GODCECMCP 6GMU 2GTCPIMCV 7RCECTC .CMWMCP RGTNQODCCP MGEKN 2KNKJ DGDGTCRC VGOCP UGDCICK LWTK /CUKPI OCUKPI MGNQORQM OGOKNKJ YCMKN VGTDCKM #LCMNCJ IWTWOW WPVWM OGPLCFK LWTK NQODC $WCVNCJ NGODCT RGPKNCKCP UGRGTVK NCVKJCP UGDGNWOP[C 6GPVWMCP VKIC RGUGTVC VGTDCKM $GTKMCP RGPIJCTICCP OGPCTKM WPVWM OGTGMC 5GNCOCV NQODC

6WICU 4WOCJ

#LCMNCJ DGDGTCRC VGOCPOW FK TWOCJ WPVWM DGTNCVKJ WRCECTC

6GPVWMCP VWICU OCUKPI OCUKPI UGRGTVK RGODCEC 7PFCPI 7PFCPI &CUCT 2CPECUKNC &QC 2GODCYC #ECTC FCP NCKP NCKP

.CMWMCP 2GODCECCP OCUKPI OCUKPI VGMU FGPICP UWCTC [CPI LGNCU NCPVCPI KPVQPCUK [CPI VGRCV FCP DGTYKDCYC

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Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

91

% /GPWNKU -GODCNK +UK &QPIGPI

5CCV MGEKN MKVC UWMC OGPFGPICTMCP FQPIGPI /WPIMKP UCORCK UCCV KPK MCNKCP OCUKJ UWMC OGPFGPICTMCP FQPIGPI +UK FQPIGPI DKCUCP[C DGTMKUCT VGPVCPI RGUCP MGDCKMCP *CN JCN MGDCKMCP VGTUGDWV FKUCORCKMCP OGNCNWK VQMQJ VQMQJ FCNCO FQPIGPI FCP CNWT EGTKVC FQPIGPI 5GVGNCJ OGODCEC CVCW OGPFGPICTMCP FQPIGPI VGPVW CMCP VGTRCWV FKDGPCM MKVC VGPVCPI RGUCP FQPIGPI &K WPKV FCP WPKV MCOW UWFCJ DGNCLCT VGPVCPI FQPIGPI &K WPKV MCNKCP CMCP DGNCLCT OGPWNKU MGODCNK KUK FQPIGPI [CPI RGTPCJ FKDCEC CVCW FKFGPICT &CNCO OGPWNKU MGODCNK KUK FQPIGPI CFC JCN JCN [CPI RGTNW FKRGTJCVKMCP 2GTVCOC CNWT FQPIGPI [CKVW WTWVCP RGTKUVKYC FCNCO FQPIGPI -GFWC RGUCP [CPI KPIKP FKUCORCKMCP NGYCV FQPIGPI +MWVKNCJ MGIKCVCP KPK FGPICP DCKM

/GODCEC &QPIGPI $CECNCJ FQPIGPI DGTKMWV FGPICP UCMUCOC

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Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

92

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Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

93

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Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

94

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Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

95

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Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

96

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109

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

110

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Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

111

# /GP[KORWNMCP 2GPFCRCV 0CTCUWODGT

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112

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8QLW 3URIHVL

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

114

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8QLW 3URIHVL

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

115

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8QLW 3URIHVL

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

116

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8QLW 3URIHVL

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

117

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

/GPGPVWMCP 7PUWT +PVTKPUKM %GTRGP

2GODCEC EGTRGP JCTWU OGOCJCOK KUK VGTNGDKJ FCJWNW UGDGNWO KC OGODCECMCP WPVWM QTCPI NCKP ,KMC UWFCJ OGOCJCOK KUK EGTRGP OCMC KPVQPCUK LGFC GMURTGUK FCP IGUVWT CMCP VGTDGPVWM FGPICP VGRCV $CICKOCPC ECTC OGOCJCOK KUK EGTKVC RGPFGM! %CTCP[C CFCNCJ FGPICP OGPGPVWMCP WPUWT WPUWT KPVTKPUKM EGTRGP 7PUWT KPVTKPUKM OGNKRWVK RGPQMQJCP CNWT NCVCT UWFWV RCPFCPI VGOC FCP RGUCP $CECNCJ FCP RCJCOK WPUWT KPVTKPUKM EGTRGP DGTKMWV

$GTCPIMCV

2GPWNKU #MJOCF 5GMJW 56#

2CIK OCUKJ OGPIIKIKN 1TCPI QTCPI OCUKJ DGTUGNKOWV UCTWPI FCNCO VKFWTP[C [CPI P[GP[CM 6CRK VKFCM DCIK ,WDGFCJ [CPI UWFCJ OWNCK OGODGPCJK FKTK DG TCPIMCV MG MGDWP 9CLCJ LCPFC DGTCPCM UCVW KVW RWP VCORCM UWFCJ UGICT FKDCUWJ CKT YWFJW UJCNCV UWDWJ ;C VCORCM UGMCNK DGTUGTK UGTK OGORGTNKJCVMCP MGEGTKCP UGRGT VK UWOTKPICJ NCPIKV OGTCJ UGKTKPI VGTDKVP[C OCVCJCTK $GTCPIMCV MGTLC OGOGVKM OGNCVK RCIK RCIK UGMCNK OGPLCFK MGDKCUCCP ,WDGFCJ 5GVGNCJ UJCNCV UWDWJ NCPIUWPI MG MGDWP OGODCYC UGTVC 4CTC CPCMP[C [CPI UGOCVC YC[CPI +DW FCP CPCM KVW RGTIK MG

OCPC OCPC UGNCNW DGTUCOC UCOC ;C UKCRC NCIK [CPI CMCP RGFWNK FGPICP CPCM KVW MCNCW DWMCP ,WDGFCJ UGPFKTK MCTGPC 4QLCNK UWCOKP[C UGLCM RGTEGTCKCP FWNW UWFCJ GP[CJ $KNC VGTKPICV OCUCNCJ RGTGDWVCP JCM YCNK CVCU 4CTC [CPI VGTLCFK UCORCK MG RGPICFKNCP FK OCPC FKC JCTWU DGTLWCPI OCVK OCVKCP WPVWM OGPFCRCVMCP MGODCNK 4CTC FCTK VCPICP 4QLCNK UWCOKP[C [CPI RGOCDWM KVW $CICKOCPC UGQTCPI RGOCDWM FCRCV OGPIWTWU 4CTC MCNCW OGPIWTWU FKTK UGPFKTK UCLC VKFCM DGEWU MGVWU ,WDGFCJ VCPRC UCFCT $KNC VGTKPICV UGOWC KVW UWFWV OCVC ,WDGFCJ OGODCUCJ 'OCM LCPICP

8QLW 3URIHVL

118

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

UGFKJ /CM UWCTC 4CTC OGPIIGNGICT DW[CTMCP NCOWPCPP[C 6KFCM 0FWM 'OCM VKFCM UGFKJ LCYCD ,WDGFCJ OGPEQDC OG PCORCMMCP YCLCJ EGTCJ UCODKN DWTW DWTW OGP[GMC CKT DGPKPI [CPI OWNCK OGPI IGPCPI FK UWFWV OCVCP[C VCRK VGNCPLWT UGVGVGU CKT OCVC KVW VGNCJ OGPGVGU VGU ,CVWJ VGRCV MG FCWP FCWP OWPIKN DWPIC RWVTK OCNW [CPI UQPVCM OGPLCFKMCP DWPIC KVW OGPWPFWM UGRGTVK KMWV DGTUGFKJ CVCU MG UGFKJCP [CPI VGPICJ FKUCPFCPI ,WDGFCJ ,CPICP DQJQPI /CM RTQVGU 4CTC OGPI JGPVCM VGNCM -CNK KPK ,WDGFCJ VKFCM DKUC OWPIMKT NCIK CPIIWMCP UGDCICK UGDWCJ RGPICMWCP KVW RWP JCTWU FKNCMWMCP FGOK OGODGTK RGPIGTVKCP RCFC 4CTC CPCMP[C [CPI OCUKJ UGMGEKN KVW JCTWU OGPCPIIWPI DGDCP MGUGFKJCP [CPI VCM VGTVCJCPMCP +DW CPCM KVW OGNCPLWVMCP RGTLCNCPCP P[C MG MGDWP -KPK OGTGMC JCTWU OGPKVK FK ICNGPICP [CPI RCPLCPI 5GQTCPI RGPI IGODCNC OGODGTKMCP UKWNCP TGCMUK UKO RCVKP[C [CPI URQPVCP ,WDGFCJ VGVCR OG NCPIMCJ OCPVCR 2GTNCMWCP DGIKVW UWFCJ DKCUC TKUKMQ UGDCICK UGQTCPI LCPFC OWFC [CPI OGPCTKM ECPVKM FCP UGMUK 5GDCICK DCNCUCP CVCU RGTNCMWCP KVW ,WDGFCJ OG P[GPCPFWPIMCP NCIW [CPI JCP[C FK OGPIGTVK QNGJ FKTKP[C UGPFKTK -CNCW UWFCJ DGIKVW 4CTC RGTEC[C GOCMP[C VKFCM DGT UGFKJ NCIK FCP VGTDKVNCJ MGEGTKCCP RCFC FKTK DQECJ EGPVKN KVW FGPICP MCMK DGTLKPIMCV FCP VCPICP OGTGPVCPI UGRGTVK VKPIMCJ DCNNGTKPC MGEKN [CPI NKPECJ 2GTLCNCPCP OGTGMC DGTFWC CMJKTP[C UCORCK FK MGDWP OGNCVK [CPI OGPGDCTMCP JCTWO UGDWCJ MGDWP FK RGPWJK OGNCVK OGNCVK [CPI OGTGMCJ ,WDGFCJ NCPIUWPI DGTDCWT FGPICP RCTC RGOGVKM UGFCPI 4CTC DGTNCTKCP MGEKN UG RWVCT MGDWP [CPI OGPIJCORCT CU[KM DGT OCKP UGPFKTKCP UCLC OGPWPIIWK GOCMP[C DGMGTLC $GFQN FCVCPIP[C OGICN OGIQN LCFK VGVCR VGNCV UKPFKT 5TKPVKN UGQTCPI RGOGVKM [CPI UGNCNW WUKN RCFC ,WDGFCJ ;C OCM NWONCJ DCYC OQOQPICP LCYCD ,WDGFCJ OGP[WPIIKPI UGP[WOCP OCPKU /CVCJCTK DCPIMKV FCP DCTW OWNCK UGFKMKV OGPEKEKRK JCTWO OGNCVK [CPI OCORW OGODGMCNK MGEGTKCCP RCIK DGTUGTK UGTK VCRK OGNCVK [CPI OGMCT UWFCJ UGOWCP[C FKRGVKM UGJKPIIC OGPIJCTWUMCP RCTC RGOGVKM KVW RWNCPI

8QLW 3URIHVL

FGPICP OGPFCRCVMCP DC[CTCP 5GNGUCKNCJ UWFCJ ,WDGFCJ OGPWPCKMCP VWICU OGOGVKM OGNCVK FCP UGIGTC OGPICLCM 4CTC DGTIGICU RWNCPI &CNCO RGTLCNCPCP RWNCPI 4CTC UGNCNW OGPICODKN CTCJ [CPI NGYCV IGFWPI UGMQNCJ FCP ,WDGFCJ OGPWTWV UCLC FGPICP VGVCR OGPIKTKPIKP[C 5GRGTVK DKCUCP[C OCVCJCTK VGPICJ PCKM FK UGMQNCJ FCUCT UWFCJ TKWJ TGPFCJ FGPICP CPCM CPCM UGMQNCJ [CPI TCOCK DGTOCKP FK JCNCOCP 7PVWM DGDGTCRC UCCV 4CTC OGPIJGPVKMCP NCPIMCJP[C NCNW OGOCPFCPIK OGTGMC FGPICP VCVCRCP VCLCO MGOWFKCP TCUC KTK OGPIJWPLCO FK RCNWPI JCVKP[C [CPI RCNKPI FCNCO VCRK MGOWFKCP ,WDGFCJ DWTW DWTW OGPICLCMP[C RWNCPI 5GUCORCKP[C FK TWOCJ 4CTC FGPICP TCUC KTK [CPI OGPIJWPLCO UGOCMKP OGPLCFK LCFK FCP MKPK OGPCPECR RCFC JCUTCV FKTK KPIKP UG MQNCJ UGDCICKOCPC CPCM CPCM UGDC[C FKTK P[C [CPI FKUCMUKMCPP[C FK UGMQNCJ KVW -CTGPC VCM VGTMGPFCNK JCUTCVP[C VWORCJ FGPICP UGTCPIMCKCP TGPIGMCP /CM 4CTC KPIKP UGMQNCJ ,WDGFCJ UGPICLC RWTC RWTC DWFGM UGRGTVK VKFCM OGPFGPICTP[C FCP UWCTC TGPIGMCP 4CTC KVW RWP FKWNCPI /CCM 4CTC KPIKP UGMQNCJ ,WDGFCJ OCUKJ UCLC OGO DWFGM MCP FKTK FCP TGPIGMCP 4CTC FKWNCPI NCIK FGPICP PCFC MKPK NGDKJ OG PKPIIK /CCCM 4CTC KPIKP UGMQNCJJJ -CNK KPK ,WDGFCJ OGP[GTCJ +[C PCPVK MCNCW UWFCJ VKDC YCMVWP[C 4CTC RCUVK UGMQNCJ #CCJ MCRCP /CM! VCP[C 4CTC OGNWPLCM OCPLC *GK LCPICP OCPLC DGIKVW 2QMQMP[C 4CTC KPIKP EGRCV UGMQNCJ +[C K[C UGMQNCJ VGICU ,WDGFCJ UQPVCM FCRCV OGPIJGPVKMCP TGPIGMCPP[C $GPCT [C /CM 4CTC UGMQNCJ! FGUCM 4CTC WPVWM NGDKJ OGP[CMKPMCP FKTKP[C FCP ,WDGFCJ OGPLCYCDP[C EWMWR FGPICP CPIIWMCP MGRCNC UCLC 5GVGNCJ OGTCUC [CMKP DGPCT 4CTC UGTVC OGTVC DGTUQTCM UQTCK MGIKTCPICP *QTGGGG 4CTC UGMQNCJ 4CTC UGMQNCJ 5GMQNCJ /GNKJCV UGOWC KVW ,WDGFCJ JCP[C IGNGPI IGNGPI MGRCNC FCP DGTIWOCO NKTKJ ;C PCOCP[C UCLC CPCM CPCM UGNCNW UGICNC MGKPIKPCPP[C JCTWU UGEGRCVP[C FK VWTWVK $GUQMP[C ,WDGFCJ DGTCPIMCV OGOGVKM OGNCVK NGDKJ RCIK NCIK UGWUCK UJCNCV UWDWJ NCPIUWPI UCLC DGTIGICU MG MGDWP VKFCM

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs. OGPIICPFGPI VCPICP 4CTC OGNCKPMCP OGPIIGPFQPIP[C CICT DKUC UGEGRCVP[C UCORCK FK MGDWP OGNCVK ,CPICP EGRCV EGRCV LCNCPP[C /CM UGTW 4CTC MGTCU OGPIJGPVCM JGPVKMCP NCPIMCJ ,WDGFCJ 4CTC KPIKP EGRCV UGMQNCJ CVCW VKFCM! VCP[C ,WDGFCJ OGPIWLK +K[C 4CTC KPIKP EGRCV DKUC UGMQNCJ /CM LCYCD 4CTC VGT ICICR 0CJ MCNCW DGIKVW 4CTC JCTWU OG PWTWV VGICU ,WDGFCJ FCP MGOWFKCP NCPI UWPI OGPLGNCUMCP 'OCM LCNCPP[C EGRCV EGRCV CICT UGEGRCVP[C UCORCK FK MGDWP FCP NGDKJ DCP[CM NCIK OGOGVKM OGNCVK +VW CTVKP[C 'OCM FCRCV FWKV DCP[CM WPVWM DKUC DC[CT DKC[C UGMQNCJ 4CTC PCPVK OGPIGTVK! 4CTC OGPWTWV UCLC VKFCM NCIK RTQVGU VCRK JCP[C DGTFKCO FK IGPFQPICP 5CORCK FK MGDWP OGNCVK ,WDGFCJ NCPIUWPI OGOGVKM OGNCVK UGPFKTKCP $GDGTCRC UCCV MGOWFKCP RCTC RGOGVKM NCKPP[C RWP OWNCK DGT FCVCPICP *CK $GFQN VWODGP ICUKM UKPFKT 6WVK RGOGVKM [CPI DCTW FCVCPI KVW ;C OGUVK ICUKM FGOK OQOQPICP CMCP UG MQNCJ LCYCD ,WDGFCJ OGPLGNCUMCP 1[C 4CTC CMCP UGMQNCJ! VCP[C 5CTK[GO UG VGPICJ MCIGV UGRGTVK VKFCM RGTEC[C +[C UGOQIC UCLC 4CTC DKUC UGMQNCJ VCJWP KPK LCYCD ,WDGFCJ UGTKWU FGPICP VCVCRCP MG CTCJ NCPIKV UGRGTVK OKPVC TGUVW RCFC 5CPI /CJC -WCUC /GTGMC VCORCM DGTUGOCPICV OGOGVKM OGNCVK VCRK FCTK UGOWC RGOGVKM KVW ,WDGFCJNCJ [CPI RCNKPI DGTUGOCPICV FGOK OGPFCRCV WCPI DCP[CM DWCV OGO DC[CT DKC[C UGMQNCJ 4CTC 5GNGUCK RGMGTLCCP OGOGVKM OGNCVK ,WDGFCJ [CPI DKCUCP[C NCPIUWPI RWNCPI MKPK RKPFCJ MG NCFCPI NCKP [CPI FKVCPCOK RCFK &K UCPC CFC RGMGTLCCP OGP[KCPIK RCFK [CPI FKLCNCTK TWORWV TWORWV NKCT ,WDGFCJ OGP[KCPIK RCFK UGFCPI 4CTC FKDKCTMCP DGDCU DGTOCKP FK UGRWVCT NCFCPI [CPI DCICK RGTOCFCPK JKLCW TCMUCUC DGIKVW NWCU OGODGPVCPI UCORCK MCMK )WPWPI 5NCOGV 4CTC LCFK CICM VGNCPVCT VCRK KDW CPCM KVW VGVCR DKUC RWNCPI DGTUCOC OGPLGNCPI OCITKD $GIKVWNCJ MKPK FCP JCTK JCTK UGNCPLWVP[C ,WDGFCJ OGNCMW MCP RGMGTLCCP ICPFC OGOGVKM OGNCVK FCP OGP[KCPIK RCFK UGDWCJ VWPVWVCP MGTLC NGDKJ MGTCU NCIK FGOK OGPFCRCV FWKV UGDCP[CM DCP[CMP[C WPVWM DKUC OGODC[CT

119

DKC[C UGMQNCJ 4CTC CPCM UGOCVC YC[CPI [CPI DGIKVW UCPICV FKUC[CPIKP[C 5WFCJ UGMKCP YCMVW DGTUGNCPI ,WDGFCJ OGODCPVKPI VWNCPI FGPICP UWUCJ RC[CJ DGTWUCJC UGMWCV VGPCIC OGNCMWMCP RG MGTLCCP OGOGVKM OGNCVK FCP OGP[KCPIK RCFK -KPK VCDWPICPP[C EWMWR DCP[CM 2CFC JCTK /KPIIW ,WDGFCJ RGTIK MG RCUCT OGODGNK UGRGTCPIMCV DGMCN MGDWVWJCP 4CTC UGMQNCJ UGRGTVK RCMCKCP UGTCICO VCU FCP UGRCVW -CNK KPK UGDGNWO RGTIK ,WDGFCJ NGDKJ FWNW OGPKFWTMCP 4CTC FK TWOCJ ;C JCP[C MCNK UCLC 4CTC VKFCM KMWV UGTVC WPVWM NGDKJ OGPIJGOCV UGDCD MCNCW CFC 4CTC DGVCRC UGKUK FQNCPCP CPCM CPCM FK RCUCT CMCP FKDGNKP[C $KUC FKDC[CPIMCP VGTMWTCU NWFGU VCDWPICPP[C UGDGNWO FCRCV OGODGNK UGRGTCPIMCV MGDWVWJCP UGMQNCJ 5GPFKTKCP ,WDGFCJ RGTIK MG RCUCT OCUWM MG FCNCO JKTWM RKMWM MGTCOCKCP CMVKXKVCU LWCN DGNK FCP UGDGPVCT MGOWFKCP MGNWCT FGPICP OGODCYC UGRGTCPIMCV DGMCN MGDWVWJCP UGMQNCJ 2WNCPI FCTK RCUCT ,WDGFCJ OGPFCRCVK 4CTC OCUKJ VKFWT RWNCU VCRK NCPIUWPI UGIGTC FKDCPIWPMCPP[C *QTGGG 'OCM DCYC QNGJ QNGJ UQTCM 4CTC DGIKVW DCPIWP VKFWT 0CJ UGOWC KPK WPVWM MGDWVWJCP 4CTC UGMQNCJ LGNCU ,WDGFCJ OGORGTNKJCVMCP UGTCICO UGMQNCJ VCU FCP UGRCVW [CPI FK DCYCP[C KVW .CPIUWPI FKEQDC [C /CM! +[C EQDCNCJ RCUVK RCU WPVWMOW 0FWM 4CTC NCPIUWPI OGPIGPCMCP UGTCICO UG MQNCJ UGRCVW FCP OGPECPIMNQPI VCU DCTW KVW FCP OGOCPI RCU FKEQDCP[C 4CTC MKPK VCORCM EGTKC FGPICP DGTIC[C NC[CMP[C UGRGTVK UWFCJ LCFK CPCM UGMQNCJ UCLC UGDCICKOCPC IC[C 5JGTKPC UGMQNCJ FCNCO HKNO 2GVWCNCPICP 5JGTKPC *QTG JQTGG JQTGGG UQTCM 4CTC OGNQPLCM NQPLCM MG IKTCPICP .KJCV /CM 4CTC DGTCPIMCV UGMQNCJ 4CTC DGTCPIMCV $GTCPIMCV /GORGTJCVKMCP 4CTC VCORCM DGIKVW MGIKTCPICP KVW ,WDGFCJ UCPICV VGTJCTW DGVCRC FKC OGTCUC CMCP OCORW OG P[GMQNCJMCP CPCMP[C VCPRC DCPVWCP 4QLCNK UWCOK [CPI RGTPCJ OGTGOGJMCP MG OCORWCPP[C 4CTC OGOCPI OGPLCFK UG DWCJ MGDCPIICCP DCIK ,WDGFCJ MGDCPIIC CP [CPI VCM VGTWMWT QNGJ CRCRWP

8QLW 3URIHVL

120

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

9CMVW [CPI NCOC FKVWPIIW VWPIIW KVW FCVCPI LWIC 6KDC UCCVP[C 4CTC CMCP UGMQNCJ ,WDGFCJ VGTUGPVCM FCTK DCPIWP VKFWT OGPIKPICVP[C 6CRK VKDC VKDC OG P[GTWCM FK DGPCMP[C HKTCUCV VKFCM DCKM FGPICP UC[WR UC[WR OGPFGPICT VGTKCMCP DWTWPI ICICM [CPI UGRGTVK OGPIKU[CTCVMCP UGUWCVW 5GOGUVKP[C FKC DCJCIKC MCTGPC YCMVW DGTCPIMCV UGMQNCJ 4CTC UWFCJ VKDC VCRK VGTKCMCP ICICM [CPI UGOCMKP MGPECPI OGPIIGNKUCJMCPP[C ,WDGFCJ DWTW DWTW OGODCPIWPMCP 4CTC VCRK VGTP[CVC 4CTC VKFCM DCPIWP -GODCNK KC DCPIWPMCP 4CTC VCRK PKJKN ,WDGFCJ MGOWFKCP OGPIQ[CPI IQ[CPIMCP VWDWJ OWPIKN KVW VCRK VGVCR VKFCM DGTIGTCM 0FWM DCPIWPNCJ -CW JCTK KPK JCTWU UKCR UKCR DGTCPIMCV UGMQNCJ 4CTC VGVCR VKFCM DGTIGTCM ,WDGFCJ OWNCK OGTCDC FCFC 4CTC FCP VKFCM CFC FGVCM LCPVWPIP[C UGJKPIIC OGODWCV ,WDGFCJ RCPKM &K NWCT DWTWPI ICICM UGOCMKP MGPECPI VGTKCMCP

P[C UGRGTVK UWFCJ OWNCK OGPEKWO DCW MGOCVKCP +PPC NKNNCJK YC KPPC KNCKJK TQLKWP UGDWV ,WDGFCJ FGPICP UWCTC DGTIGVCT UGVGNCJ [CMKP CPCMP[C KVW OGPKPIICN FWPKC FCP MQPVCP KC OGPLGTKV JKUVGTKU 6QNQPI 6QNQQPI 6QNQQQPIII 6GVCPIIC UGMKVCT UGIGTC DGTFCVCPICP ,WDGFCJ MKPK OGTCVCR RKNW FK FGRCP 4CTC $WTWPI ICICM OG PIGRCM PIGRCMMCP UC[CRP[C UGRGTVK OG PCPFCK VWICUP[C VGNCJ UGNGUCK OGPICDCTMCP UGDWCJ MGOCVKCP FCP MGOWFKCP VGTDCPI OGPLCWJ FCTK TWOCJ ,WDGFCJ OWPIMKP OGPICDCTMCP MGOCVKCP NCIK FK VGORCV GPVCJ FK OCPC ,WDGFCJ JCP[C DKUC OG PCPIKU UGVKCR OGNKJCV UGRGTCPIMCV DGMCN MG DWVWJCP UGMQNCJ 4CTC KVW DGVCRC VGTCUC OCUKJ VGTPIKCPI PIKCPI UWCTC 4CTC DGT UQTCM UQTCM .KJCV /CM 4CTC CMCP DG TCPIMCV UGMQNCJ 4CTC DGTCPIMCV $GTCPIMCV Å’

5WODGT 4GRWDNKMC #IWUVWU

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Å‘5WFCJ UGMKCP YCMVW DGTUGNCPI ,WDGFCJ OGODCPVKPI VWNCPI FGPICP UWUCJ RC[CJ DGTWUCJC UGMWCV VGPCIC OGNCMWMCP RGMGTLCCP OGOGVKM OGNCVK FCP OGP[KCPIK RCFK -KPK VCDWPICPP[C EWMWR DCP[CM 2CFC JCTK /KPIIW ,WDGFCJ RGTIK MG RCUCT OGODGNK UGRGTCPIMCV DGMCN MGDWVWJCP 4CTC UGMQNCJ UGRGTVK RCMCKCP UGTCICO VCU FCP UGRCVW Å’ 'DUL FXSOLNDQ GL DWDV GDSDW GLNHWDKXL EDKZD NDUDNWHU WRNRK -XEHGDK DGDODK SHNHUMD NHUDV &DUD PHQHQWXNDQ ODWDU WHPSDW 3HUKDWLNDQ FXSOLNDQ FHUSHQ EHULNXW Å‘+DW CPCM KVW OGNCPLWVMCP RGTLCNCPCPP[C MG MGDWP -KPK OGTGMC JCTWU OGPKVK FK ICNGPICP [CPI RCPLCPI 5GQTCPI RGPIIGODCNC OGODGTKMCP UKWNCP TGCMUK UKORCVKP[C [CPI URQPVCP ,WDGFCJ VGVCR OGNCPIMCJ OCPVCR 2GTNCMWCP DGIKVW UWFCJ DKCUC TKUKMQ

8QLW 3URIHVL

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

121

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122

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Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

123

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8QLW 3URIHVL

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

124

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8QLW 3URIHVL

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

125

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8QLW 3URIHVL

126

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

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8QLW 3URIHVL

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

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/GPIWDCJ -CNKOCV .CPIUWPI OGPLCFK -CNKOCV 6KFCM .CPIUWPI %CTC CYCN [CPI FKNCMWMCP WPVWM OGPIWDCJ VGMU YCYCPECTC OGPLCFK PCTCUK CFCNCJ FGPICP OGPIWDCJ MCNKOCV NCPIUWPI LCYCDCP PCTCUWODGT OGPLCFK MCNKOCV VKFCM NCPIUWPI 2GTJCVKMCP EQPVQJ DGTKMWV %QPVQJ -CNKOCV NCPIUWPI ő5C[C OGPLCNCPK RTQHGUK UGDCICK IWTW UWFCJ VCJWP 5C[C OGPKMOCVKP[C YCNCWRWP UGTKPI UC[C LWORCK UKUYC [CPI WUKN Œ MCVC $W 4CVPC MGRCFC YCTVCYCP -CNKOCV VKFCM NCPIUWPI $W 4CVPC OGPICVCMCP DCJYC $GNKCW OGPLCNCPK RTQHGUK UGDCICK IWTW UWFCJ VCJWP $GNKCW OGPKMOCVK RGTMGTLCCP VGTUGDWV YCNCWRWP UGTKPI OGPLWORCK UKUYC [CPI WUKN %QPVQJ -CNKOCV NCPIUWPI ő-GUWMUGUCP VKFCM FCVCPI DGIKVW UCLC 2GTNW RGPIQTDCPCP 2GPIQTDCPCP [CPI UC[C NCMWMCP CFCNCJ VKFCM OGPQPVQJ MCTVWP MGIGOCTCP UC[C FCP VKFCM OCKP ICOG 5C[C NGDKJ DCP[CM OGNWCPIMCP YCMVW WPVWM OGPIWNCPI RGNCLCTCP FCP OGODCEC DWMW KNOW RGPIGVCJWCP Œ LGNCU 5[KHCŏC

8QLW 3URIHVL

128

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

-CNKOCV VKFCM NCPIUWPI 5[KHCŏC OGPLGNCUMCP DCJYC MGUWMUGUCP VKFCM FCVCPI DGIKVW UCLC 2GTNW RGPIQTDCPCP 2GPIQTDCPCP 5[KHCŏC CFCNCJ VKFCM OGPQPVQP HKNO MCTVWP MGIGOCTCPP[C FCP OCKP ICOG &KC NGDKJ DCP[CM OGNWCPIMCP YCMVW WPVWM OGPIWNCPI RGNCLCTCP FCP OGODCEC DWMW KNOW RGPIGVCJWCP %QPVQJ -CNKOCV NCPIUWPI 5JKPVC OGPCPIKU UCODKN DGTMCVC Œ/C 5JKPVC VKFCM OCW OGPLCFK CPCM [CPI DKCUC UCLC $KCTMCP 5JKPVC OGPLCFK QTCPI UGUWCK FGPICP MGKPIKPCP 5JKPVC 5JKPVC KPIKP OGPLCFK RGTCYCV /C Œ -CNKOCV VKFCM NCPIUWPI 5JKPVC DGTMCVC MGRCFC OCOC DCJYC FKC KPIKP OGPLCFK QTCPI UGUWCK FGPICP MGKPIKPCPP[C [CKVW OGPLCFK RGTCYCV 5GVGNCJ OGPICOCVK EQPVQJ RGPIWDCJCP MCNKOCV NCPIUWPI OGPLCFK MCNKOCV VKFCM NCPIUWPI CRC [CPI MCOW RCJCOK! 6CJWMCJ MCOW ECTC OGPIWDCJ MCNKOCV NCPIUWPI OGPLCFK MCNKOCV VKFCM NCPIUWPI! #FC DGDGTCRC RGTWDCJCP [CPI VGTLCFK #RC UCLC RGTWDCJCP KVW! %QDC VWNKU JCN JCN [CPI DGTWDCJ FCTK MCNKOCV NCPIUWPI UCCV OGPLCFK MCNKOCV VKFCM NCPIUWPI 6WNKU FCNCO VCDGN DGTKMWV FK DWMW VWICUOW *CN JCN [CPI DGTWDCJ VCPFC DCEC MCVC ICPVK QTCPI 2KNKJCP MCVC

%QPVQJ

-GVGTCPICP

$GTNCVKJ /GODWCV -CNKOCV 6KFCM .CPIUWPI 5GDCICK NCVKJCP EQDC WDCJNCJ MCNKOCV NCPIUWPI DGTKMWV OGPLCFK MCNKOCV VKFCM NCPIUWPI 2GTJCVKMCP CVWTCP RGPIWDCJCP MCNKOCV VCPFC DCEC GLCCP RKNKJCP MCVC FCP MCVC ICPVK QTCPI $W 4QOK[CVWP DGTVCP[C MGRCFC UKUYC MGNCU # ő#PCM CPCM MCNCW UWFCJ DGUCT PCPVK MCOW KPIKP OGPLCFK CRC! 2KNQV IWTW FQMVGT CVCW CRC!Œ ő0KVC MCOW VCJW VKFCM UGVGNCJ NWNWU 5/2 CMW CMCP OGNCPLWVMCP MG 52- FK 5GOCTCPI! #MW KPIKP OGPGMWPK FWPKC MGRGTCYCVCP Œ MCVC .KF[C MGRCFC 0KVC ő5GDCKMP[C MCOW NGDKJ TCLKP DGNCLCT #RCMCJ MCOW VKFCM KPIKP OGTCKJ EKVC EKVC UGVKPIIK NCPIKV! -COW VKFCM KPIKP LCFK UCORCJ OCU[CTCMCV MCP!Œ MCVC 9KFK MGRCFC #PWPI ő&QMVGT KPUKP[WT IWTW PGICTCYCP MQOKMWU RQNKUK 6-9 VWMCPI DGECM CFCNCJ RTQHGUK [CPI DGTOCPHCCV DCIK QTCPI NCKP -COW VKFCM DQNGJ OGODGFC DGFCMCP QTCPI [CPI OGOKNKMK RTQHGUK [CPI DGTNCKPCP FGPICPOW Œ LGNCU +DW MGRCFC #UTWN ő2GMGTLCCP [CPI UC[C LCNCPK UGNCOC KPK DCKM FCP DGTIWPC /GUMKRWP RGPFCRCVCP UC[C MGEKN VGVCRK UC[C DCJCIKC FCP KVW UGOWC EWMWR WPVWM MGNWCTIC UC[C 2CPFCPICP QTCPI [CPI OGTGOGJMCP RGMGTLCCP UC[C VKFCM OGODWCV UC[C MGEKN JCVK +PKNCJ JKFWR UC[C KPKNCJ TG\GMK 6WJCP WPVWM UC[C Œ LGNCU VWMCPI EWEK MGRCFC #PKVC ő0QPC 4QUK UGDCKMP[C #PFC OGNCMWMCP VGU FCTCJ 5C[C MJCYCVKT VGTJCFCR MGUGJCVCP #PFC #RCNCIK #PFC CMCP OGNCMWMCP RGTLCNCPCP VWICU MG #OGTKMC EWMWR NCOC Œ UCTCP &QMVGT 0CLYC MGRCFC 4QUK ő7PVWM MGUGNCOCVCP RCTC RGPWORCPI MCOK CMCP OGPLGNCUMCP DGDGTCRC JCN OGPIGPCK RGUCYCV FCP RGTCNCVCPP[C 2GUCYCV KPK OGOKNKMK RKPVW FCTWTCV &WC RKPVW DGTCFC FK

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129

DGNCMCPI FWC RKPVW DGTCFC FK FGRCP FCP FWC LGPFGNC FCTWTCV 2GNCORWPI DGTCFC FK DCYCJ MWTUK RGPWORCPI Å’ LGNCU RTCOWICTK MGRCFC RCTC RGPWORCPI Å‘2GOWFC CFCNCJ VWNCPI RWPIIWPI DCPIUC 5WFCJ UGYCLCTP[C LKMC RGOWFC DGNCLCT FCP DGMGTLC MGTCU 0GICTC CMCP OCLW FCP DGTUKPCT LKMC OGOKNKMK RGOWFC JGDCV FCP VCPIIWJ 5KCRMCJ MCNKCP OGPGTWUMCP RGTLWCPICP JKFWR KPK! 5KCRMCJ MCNKCP DGMGTLC FCP DGNCLCT RGPWJ UGOCPICV FGOK MGOCLWCP DCPIUC +PFQPGUKC!Å’ LGNCU -GRCNC 5GMQNCJ UCCV WRCECTC DGPFGTC

/GOCJCOK +UK 6GMU 9CYCPECTC -COW UWFCJ DGNCLCT OGPIWDCJ MCNKOCV NCPIUWPI OGPLCFK VKFCM NCPIUWPI -COW CMCP OGNCPLWVMCP DGNCLCT OGPIWDCJ VGMU YCYCPECTC OGPLCFK PCTCUK 6GMU YCYCPECTC FKDCPIWP CVCU FKCNQI FKCNQI CVCW DGTWRC MCNKOCV NCPIUWPI 5GDGNWO OGPIWDCJ VGMU YCYCPECTC OGPLCFK PCTCUK RCJCOK VGTNGDKJ FCJWNW KUK VGMU YCYCPECTC $CECNCJ FGPICP UCMUCOC VGMU YCYCPECTC DGTKMWV

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Å‘VGTQDQUCPÅ’ 1TCPI VWC UC[C LWIC OGODGTK MGDGDCUCP MGDGVWNCP UC[C OGOCPI DGTOKPCV FCP EGRCV OGPIWCUCK DCJCUC + GPLQ[ O[ EJQKEG CRCNCIK DCJCUC ,GRCPI DCP[CM [CPI DGNWO OGPIWCUCKP[C FK UKPK .CPVCU #PFC DGMGTLC FK JQVGN! *C JC JC JC JC 4GCMUK [CPI UC[C FGPICT CPVCTC NCKP Å‘#RC! 2GTGORWCP MGTLC FK JQVGN!Å’ 6CRK UC[C GPLQ[ FCP VCM VGTDGDCPK /GPICRC RKPFCJ NCIK MG MGDWP YKUCVC 2CUKTOWMVK! ;C MGOWFKCP CFC VCYCTCP NCIK FK VGORCV KVW /CUKJ CFC JWDWPICP MGNWCTIC OGOCPI 6CRK UC[C FKJKTGF FKTGMTWV UGECTC RTQHGUKQPCN &GPICP DKFCPI RGMGTLCCP [CPI UC[C VCPICPK FK JQVGN NCPVCU OGTGMC ECTK &CTKRCFC OGPECTK QTCPI [CPI VKFCM LGNCU OGPICRC VKFCM FGPICP UCWFCTC UGPFKTK!

8QLW 3URIHVL

130

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

,CPICP LCPICP #PFC RGODQUCP! &GHKPKUK DQUCP OWPIMKP DGTDGFC VKCR QTCPI ;CPI LGNCU UC[C UWFCJ GPCO VCJWP FK 2CUKTOWMVK LCNCP VWLWJ VCJWP 5C[C OGNKJCV OCUKJ CFC EJCNNGPIG VCPVCPICP FK UKPK +PK LWIC DWMCP RGMGTLCCP MQFKCP 5C[C OGNKJCV DCP[CM QTCPI [CPI VCM OGPIWCUCK DKFCPI [CPI UC[C MWCUCK FCP UC[C DKUC GZEGN

RTKOC FK DKFCPI KVW ,KMC UWFCJ DGIKVW CRC #PFC OGOKNKMK MGKPIKPCP WPVWM OGODWMC MGDWP YKUCVC UGLGPKU! ;C EKVC EKVC UC[C OGOCPI UGRGTVK KVW 5C[C KPIKP OGOKNKMK MGDWP UGPFKTK FCP UC[C DKCUC OGPICMW UGDCICK RGVCPK LKMC FKVCP[C RTQHGUK 6CORCMP[C FCTK RGODKECTCCPP KPK CFC RGUCP [CPI VGTUKTCV WPVWM RGTGORWCP -CTQ! 2GUCP KPVKP[C LCPICP TCIW WPVWM OGOKNKJ 6CM RGTNW VGTMWTWPI FGPICP Å‘RCMGO RCMGOÅ’

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

UWODGT JVVR YYY MQPHKIWTCUK EQO

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131

/GPCTCUKMCP 6GMU 9CYCPECTC

&CTK CYCN MGIKCVCP UWFCJ MCOW MGVCJWK DCICKOCPC ECTC OGPCTCUKMCP VGMU YCYCPECTC 7PVWM DKUC OGODWCV PCTCUK [CPI DCKM MCNKCP VKFCM JCP[C OGPIWDCJ MCNKOCV NCPIUWPI OGPLCFK VKFCM NCPIUWPI 5GVGNCJ MGIKCVCP OGPIWDCJ MCNKOCV OCUKJ CFC MGIKCVCP NCKP [CKVW MGIKCVCP RGPIJCNWUCP CVCW RGP[GORWTPCCP -GIKCVCP RGP[GORWTPCCP KPK RGPVKPI UGMCNK CICT PCTCUK VKFCM VGTMGUCP MCMW FCP CRC CFCP[C 2GTJCVKMCP RGVKMCP YCYCPECTC FGPICP (GD[ )KPVKPIU DGTKMWV 2GTJCVKMCP LWIC EQPVQJ OGPCTCUKMCP VGMU YCYCPECTC FGPICP (GD[ )KPVKPIU

(GD[ )KPVKPIU

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Å‘VGTQDQUCPÅ’ 1TCPI VWC UC[C LWIC OGODGTK MGDGDCUCP MGDGVWNCP UC[C OGOCPI DGTOKPCV FCP EGRCV OGPIWCUCK DCJCUC + GPLQ[ O[ EJQKEG CRCNCIK DCJCUC ,GRCPI DCP[CM [CPI DGNWO OGPIWCUCKP[C FK UKPK

PCTCUK VGMU YCYCPECTC WPVWM OGPICYCNK RGODKECTCCP

RGTVCP[CCP FCP LCYCDCP PCTCUWODGT DGTWRC MCNKOCV NCPIUWPI

%CTC OGPCTCUKMCP VGMU YCYCPECTC

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

8QLW 3URIHVL

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

132

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Å‘VGTQDQUCPÅ’ DCTW 1TCPI VWC (GD[ OGODGTK MGDGDCUCP MGDGVWNCP (GD[ OGOCPI DGTOKPCV FCP EGRCV OGPIWCUCK DCJCUC &KC OGPKMOCVK RKNKJCPP[C CRCNCIK QTCPI -CTQ DCP[CM [CPI DGNWO OGPIWCUCK DCJCUC ,GRCPI .CPLWVMCP MGIKCVCP OGPCTCUKMCP VGMU YCYCPECTC KPK 6WICU 4WOCJ

%CTKNCJ UGDWCJ VGMU YCYCPECTC FK MQTCP OCLCNCJ CVCW KPVGTPGV

0CTCUKMCP VGMU YCYCPECTC VGTUGDWV 2GTJCVKMCP CVWTCP RGPWNKUCP GLCCP VCPFC DCEC FCP RKNKJCP MCVC

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9CYCPECTC CFCNCJ MGIKCVCP VCP[C LCYCD FGPICP UGUGQTCPI [CPI FK RGTNWMCP WPVWM FKOKPVCK MGVGTCPICP CVCW RGPFCRCVP[C OGPIGPCK UWCVW JCN 5GUGQTCPI [CPI FKOKPVCK RGPFCRCVP[C FCNCO MGIKCVCP YCYCPECTC FKUGDWV PCTCUWODGT 0CTCUWODGT CFCNCJ QTCPI [CPI OGOCJCOK UGDWCJ RGTOCUCNCJCP [CPI CMCP MKVC RGECJMCP 0CTCUWODGT CFCNCJ QTCPI CJNK FK DKFCPIP[C #TVKP[C KC OGPIWCUCK FGPICP RCUVK FCP FCRCV OGO DGTKMCP KPHQTOCUK UGECTC NGPIMCR CVCU RGTVCP[CCP RGTVCP[CCP RG YCYCPECTC &CNCO YCYCPECTC PCTCUWODGT OGODGTKMCP RGPFCRCV CVCW ICICUCP VGTVGPVW UGUWCK FGPICP MGCJNKCP OGTGMC

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133

ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ ǯȱ ȱ ¢ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ¢ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȭ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ

ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ ȱ ǰȱ ¢ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ŗŖǯŖŖŖȱ ǰȱ ¢ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ǰȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ¢ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ

ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ¢ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ

ȱ Ȭ ȱ ¢ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ ǰȱ ȱ Ȭ ȱ

4'(.'-5+ 4'(.'-5+ -GOCORWCP /GP[KORWNMCP RKMKTCP RGPFCRCV FCP ICICUCP UG QTCPI VQMQJ PCTCUWODGT [CPI FKUCORCKMCP FCNCO YCYCPECTC /GPCPIICRK ECTC RGODCECCP EGTRGP /GPIWPIMCRMCP JCN JCN [CPI FCRCV FKVGNCFCPK FCTK DWMW DKQITCHK [CPI FKDCEC UGECTC KPVGPUKH /GPIWDCJ VGMU YCYCPECTC OGPLCFK PCTCUK FGPICP OGORGTJCVKMCP ECTC RGPWNKUCP MCNKOCV NCPIUWPI OGPLCFK VCM NCPIUWPI

/CORW

$GNWO /CORW

%CVCVCP

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142

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

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143

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153

154

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

# /GPWNKU *CN 2GPVKPI FCNCO 9CYCPECTC /GP[KOCM 9CYCPECTC /GPFKUMWUKMCP *CN JCN 2GPVKPI FCNCO 9CYCPECTC $GTNCVKJ 5GPFKTK 6WICU 4WOCJ

$ $GTVGNGRQP /GODCPFKPIMCP &KCNQI $GTVGNGRQP /GPWNKU &KCNQI $GTVGNGRQP /GP[WPVKPI &KCNQI $GTVGNGRQP /GNCMWMCP &KCNQI $GTVGNGRQP

1.#* 4#)#

% /GPGOWMCP )CICUCP 7VCOC /GPFKUMWUKMCP )CICUCP 7VCOC 6GMU $GTNCVKJ /GPGOWMCP )CICUCP 7VCOC 6GMU 6WICU 4WOCJ

& /GPWNKU /GOQ /GOCJCOK %QPVQJ /GOQ $GTNCVKJ /GPWNKU /GOQ /GP[WPVKPI /GOQ 6WICU 4WOCJ

8QLW 2ODK 5DJD

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

155

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

/GP[KOCM 9CYCPECTC

&WC VGOCPOW CMCP OGODCECMCP YCYCPECTC DGTKMWV 5KOCM FGPICP DCKM 5KCRMCP CNCV VWNKU 6WNKUNCJ JCN JCN RGPVKPI FCTK LCYCDCP PCTCUWODGT

5CVTKC /WFC FK #ODCPI ,WCTC -NWD 5CVTKC /WFC $TKVCOC ,CMCTVC DGTCFC FK CODCPI LWCTC -GLWCTCCP $QNC $CUMGV #PVCTMNWD #UKC 6GPIICTC 2CFC RGTVCPFKPICP MGFWC FK $TKVCOC #TGPC 5RTQVUOCN -GNCRC )CFKPI ,CMCTVC 5CDVW VCPIICN #RTKN 5CVTKC /WFC OGPWPFWMMCP RGUCKPI MWCV UGMCNKIWU LWCTC DGTVCJCP *CTDQWU %GPVTG FGPICP CPIMC *DPEDU 3HUWDQGLQJDQ %DVNHW 6DWULD 0XGD $GTKMWV RGPIICNCP YCYCPECTC FGPICP (KEVQT )KFGQP 4QTKPI 2GYCYCPECTC

5KCRC UCLC [CPI VGTICDWPI FCNCO MNWD 5CVTKC /WFC 2CM!

0CTCUWODGT

6KO 5CVTKC /WFC MCNK KPK CFCNCJ ICDWPICP CPVCTC RGOCKP CUKPI FCP RGOCKP NQMCN &WGV RGOCKP CUKPI VGTUGDWV CFCNCJ #NGZCPFGT )QTFQP *CTVOCP FCP ,GOKPQ -COCN 5QDGTU 5GFCPIMCP RG OCKP NQMCN CFCNCJ ;QWDGN 5QPFCMJ 4QPP[ )WPCYCP (CKUCN , #JOCF 9GPFJC 9KLC[C #OKP 2TKJCPVQPQ FCP 9GNN[CPUQP 5KVWOQTCPI

2GYCYCPECTC

$CICKOCPC RGTOCKPCP OGTGMC 2CM!

0CTCUWODGT

&WGV KPK DGTOCKP FGPICP RCFW FCP MQORCM 6CORCM RCFC CYCN RGTOCKPCP 5CVTKC /WFC WPIIWN FGPICP RCFC GORCV OGPKV

6XPEHU .RPSDV 0LQJJX $SULO

8QLW 2ODK 5DJD

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

156

RGTVCOC 5GOWC RGOCKP VGTOCUWM [CPI DGTCFC FK DCPIMW ECFCPICP OGODGTK MQPVTKDWUK OCMUKOCN -COK DGTOCKP FGPICP RQNC MCOK UGPFKTK FCP DGTDGFC FGPICP VCJWP NCNW -COK DGTOCKP NGRCU VCPRC DGDCP 2GYCYCPECTC

-JWUWU FWGV RGOCKP CUKPI KVW CRC MGWPIIWNCP [CPI OGTGMC NCMWMCP WPVWM 5CVTKC /WFC!

0CTCUWODGT

*CTVOCP FCP 5QDGTU OGPLCFK RGPIWORWN CPIMC VGTDCP[CM FGPICP FCP RQKP -GFWC RGOCKP CUKPI KPK OGTWRCMCP RGOCKP MWPEK 5CVTKC /WFC

2GYCYCPECTC

$CICKOCPC UVTCVGIK RGTOCKPCP 5CVTKC /WFC 2CM!

0CTCUWODGT

5VTCVGIK CYCN OGPCJCP VTCPUKUK NCYCP FCTK DGTVCJCP UCORCK OGP[GTCPI 6KFCM VGTNCNW DGTJCUK OGOCPI MCTGPC DGTWNCPI MCNK UGTCPICP DCNKM *CTDQWT %GPVGT OGPIJCUKNMCP CPIMC 0COWP MCOK DGTJCUKN OGPCJCP NGORCTCP VKFC CPIMC NCYCP 6XPEHU .RPSDV 0LQJJX $SULO GHQJDQ SHQJXEDKDQ

/GPFKUMWUKMCP *CN JCN 2GPVKPI FCNCO 9CYCPECTC $GTICDWPINCJ FGPICP QTCPI VGOCPOW 6GPVWMCP JCN JCN RGPVKPI [CPI FKMGOWMCMCP QNGJ PCTCUWODGT 6WNKU FGPICP UKPIMCV FCP LGNCU 2GTJCVKMCP EQPVQJ DGTKMWV 2GYCYCPECTC

$CICKOCPC RGTOCKPCP OGTGMC 2CM!

0CTCUWODGT

&WGV KPK DGTOCKP FGPICP RCFW FCP MQORCM 6CORCM RCFC CYCN RGTOCKPCP 5CVTKC /WFC WPIIWN FGPICP RCFC GORCV OGPKV RGTVCOC 5GOWC RGOCKP VGTOCUWM [CPI DGTCFC FK DCPIMW ECFCPICP OGODGTK MQPVTKDWUK OCMUKOCN -COK DGTOCKP FGPICP RQNC MCOK UGPFKTK FCP DGTDGFC FGPICP VCJWP NCNW -COK DGTOCKP NGRCU VCPRC DGDCP

*CN RGPVKPI CVCW KPHQTOCUK FCNCO RGVKMCP YCYCPECTC FK CVCU CFCNCJ MGMQORCMCP RQNC [CPI DGTDGFC FCP MQPVTKDWUK OCMUKOCN FCNCO UGVKCR RGTOCKPCP 2TGUGPVCUKMCP JCUKN FKUMWUK MCNKCP FK FGRCP MGNCU /KPVCNCJ VCPIICRCP FCTK IWTW FCP MGNQORQM NCKP 2GTDCKMKNCJ JCUKN MGTLCOW [CPI OCUKJ MWTCPI VGRCV UGUWCK FGPICP VCPIICRCP IWTW FCP VGOCP NCKP

8QLW 2ODK 5DJD

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

157

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

$CICKOCPC TCUCP[C DGTOCKP FK &GTD[ 6[PGYGCT FCP OGPEGVCM IQN RGPGPVW!

1YGP

5C[C DCTW DGTOCKP FWC MCNK FK &GTD[ KPK ;CPI RGTVCOC FK 5VCFKWO 1H .KIJV FCP DGTCMJKT KODCPI ,CFK UCPICV OGP[GPCPIMCP OGPFCRCVMCP MGOGPCPICP KPK

2GYCYCPECTC

5GVGNCJ UGTKPI EGFGTC DCICKOCPC MQPFKUK UGMCTCPI!

1YGP

#MJKTP[C UC[C DKUC DGTOCKP FK JCORKT UGNWTWJ RGTVCPFKPICP 0GYECUVNG OWUKO KPK /GOCPI UGORCV CDUGP UCCV OGPICNCOK ICPIIWCP FK RCJC VCRK UC[C NCPIUWPI MGODCNK DGTOCKP FCP OGPEGVCM IQN 5GECTC WOWO UC[C UWFCJ EWMWR UGPCPI FGPICP MQPFKUK KPK FCP VGVCR DGTJCTCR RGTHQTOC UC[C VGTWU DGTMGODCPI +PK CFCNCJ RGPCORKNCP VGTDCKM UC[C UGOGPLCM FCVCPI FK UKPK

2GYCYCPECTC

2GTHQTOC VKO UGPFKTK!

1YGP

-COK OGOCPI OGPLCNCPK OWUKO [CPI DWTWM FCP KVW OGODWCV UC[C FCP MNWD HTWUVCUK -COK JCTWU OGPFCRCV JCUKN DCIWU WPVWM OGPLCYCD MTKVKM VGTUGDWV

2GYCYCPECTC

&WMWPICP FCTK UWRQTVGT!

1YGP

2GPFWMWPI 0GYECUVNG UCPICV DGTUGOCPICV FGPICP UGRCM DQNC /GTGMC VGTWU OGPFWMWPI YCNCW MGCFCCP VKFCM DGTLCNCP FGPICP DCKM 6CRK UCCV #PFC OGTCKJ MGOGPCPICP VKFCM CFC VGORCV NCKP [CPI DKUC OGPCPFKPIK 0GYECUVNG

2GYCYCPECTC

2GPFCRCV #PFC VGPVCPI -GGICP!

1YGP

&KC RGNCVKJ [CPI DCIWU +C OGPCPCOMCP TCUC RGTEC[C FKTK MGRCFC UGOWC QTCPI FCP UCCV KPK MCOK UGFCPI OGTCUCMCP OCPHCCVP[C /GOCPI OGODWVWJMCP YCMVW CICT MGKPIKPCP RGNCVKJ FKRCJCOK

8QLW 2ODK 5DJD

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

158

UGOWC RGOCKP VCRK UCCV KPK MCOK UWFCJ OWNCK OGPIGTVK MGKPIKPCPP[C 2GYCYCPECTC

$CICKOCPC VCTIGV FCP TGPECPC OCUC FGRCP FK 0GYECUVNG!

1YGP

$GDGTCRC YCMVW NCNW -GXKP OGODKECTCMCP FKTKP[C OGOKNKMK CODKUK [CPI DGUCT DGTUCOC VKO KPK +C KPIKP 0GYECUVNG OGTCKJ VKMGV .KIC %JCORKQP +C UWFCJ DGTGPECPC WPVWM OGTGMTWV RGOCKP JGDCV OWUKO FGRCP /CUC FGRCP MNWD UCPICV EGTCJ

2GYCYCPECTC

$CICKOCPC FGPICP RGODKECTCCP MQPVTCM #PFC!

1YGP

-NWD OGOCPI DGNWO OGOWNCK RGODKECTCCP WPVWM OGORGTRCPLCPI MQPVTCM UC[C 6CRK RCFC FCUCTP[C UC[C UCPICV P[COCP FCP DGTCJ DGTOCKP FK UKPK /CPCLGT RWP UWFCJ OGOKPVC UC[C WPVWM VGVCR FK UKPK ,CFK UC[C JCP[C DKUC OGPWPIIW

2GYCYCPECTC

-GJKFWRCP UGVGNCJ UGRCM DQNC!

1YGP

-CTGPC UC[C OGPEKPVCK UGRCM DQNC OWPIMKP MGJKFWRCP UC[C VKFCM CMCP LCWJ FCTK NCRCPICP JKLCW 5C[C CMCP OGOKMKTMCP MCTKGT UGDCICK OCPCIGT CVCW OGPLCFK RGNCVKJ DCJMCP OGPLCFK MQOGPVCVQT FK VGNGXKUK CVCW OGPWNKU CTVKMGN VGPVCPI UGRCM DQNC FK MQTCP 6XPEHU 7DEORLG %ROD -XPDW $SULO

,CYCDNCJ RGTVCP[CCP RGTVCP[CCP DGTKMWV UGUWCK FGPICP KUK YCYCPECTC

0CTCUWODGT FCNCO VGMU YCYCPECTC FK CVCU DGTCUCN FCTK ECDCPI QNCJ TCIC CRC!

$CICKOCPC UKMCR 1YGP VGTJCFCR UGRCM DQNC!

1YGP UGTKPI EGFGTC FCNCO RGTOCKPCP UGRCMDQNC 0COWP KVW VKFCM OGODWCVP[C LGTC #RC RGPFCRCVOW! *CN JCN RGPVKPI CRC [CPI MCOW FCRCV FCRCV VGMU YCYCPECTC FK CVCU!

6WICU 4WOCJ

%CTKNCJ UGDWCJ VGMU YCYCPECTC FK MQTCP CVCW OCLCNCJ [CPI DGTMCKVCP FGPICP QNCJ TCIC

)WPVKPI FCP VGORGNMCP FK DWMW VWICUOW

6GPVWMCP JCN JCN RGPVKPI [CPI FKMGOWMCMCP PCTCUWODGT 2GTNKJCVMCP JCUKN MGTLCOW MGRCFC IWTWOW FCP OKPVCNCJ VCPIICRCP VGT JCFCR JCUKN MGTLCOW

8QLW 2ODK 5DJD

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

159

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

/GODCPFKPIMCP &KCNQI $GTVGNGRQP $CECNCJ FKCNQI DGTKMWV FGPICP UCMUCOC $CPFKPIMCP FKCNQI FCP FKCNQI

&KCNQI -TKPI MTKPI Å—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

8QLW 2ODK 5DJD

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

160

&KUMWUKMCP RGTVCP[CCP RGTVCP[CCP DGTKMWV

$CICKOCPC ECTC 5QPK OGOWNCK RGODKECTCCP OGNCNWK VGNGRQP!

5WFCJ UCPVWPMCJ FKC!

'HGMVKHMCP MCNKOCV [CPI KC IWPCMCP!

#RC KUK RGODKECTCCP 5QPK FCP #OCPFC!

#RCMCJ ECTC 5QPK OGPICLCM #OCPFC OGPQPVQP UGRCM DQNC UWFCJ UCPVWP!

5KCRC [CPI OGPICMJKTK VGNGRQP! $CICKOCPC OGPWTWVOW!

$CICKOCPC ECTC -CPYC OGOWNCK RGODKECTCCP OGNCNWK VGNGRQP!

5WFCJ UCPVWPMCJ FKC! 'HGMVKHMCJ MCNKOCV [CPI KC IWPCMCP!

5KCRC [CPI OGPICMJKTK RGODKECTCCP FCNCO FKCNQI ! $CICKOCPC OGPWTWVOW! &KCNQI OCPC [CPI NGDKJ UQRCP FKCNQI CVCW FKCNQI ! ,GNCUMCP LCYCDCPOW &KCNQI OCPC [CPI OGPIIWPCMCP MCNKOCV GHGMVKH! ,GNCUMCP LCYCDCPOW 6GPVWMCP VCVC ECTC DGTVGNGRQP /GPWNKU &KCNQI $GTVGNGRQP -CNKCP UWFCJ OGPFKUMWUKMCP VCVC ECTC DGTVGNGRQP LWIC RGPIIWPCCP MCNKOCV GHGMVKH UCCV DGTVGNGRQP -KPK UCCVP[C MCNKCP OGPWNKU FKCNQI DGTVGNGRQP 6WNKUNCJ FKCNQI DGTVGNGRQP FGPICP PCTCUK DGTKMWV 2GPGNGRQP 2GPGTKOC 6WLWCP

&KCPC 'PFCPI /GOKPLCO TCMGV VGPKU NCRCPICP

2GPGNGRQP 2GPGTKOC 6WLWCP

#[KM ;C[CU /GPIGODCNKMCP DQNC DCUMGV [CPI FKRKPLCO

2GPGNGRQP 2GPGTKOC 6WLWCP

4QOK 4K\CN /GPICLCM OGPICPVCTMCP UWTCV RGTOQJQPCP K\KP OGOKPLCO NCRCPICP DQNC WPVWM NQODC

2GPGNGRQP 2GPGTKOC 6WLWCP

6GIWJ ;WFC /GPICLCM DGTNCVKJ DCFOKPVQP

2GPGNGRQP 2GPGTKOC 6WLWCP

6CTVK .KNC /GPICLCM OGPQPVQP VWTPCOGP IQNH

8QLW 2ODK 5DJD

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

161

/GP[WPVKPI &KCNQI $GTVGNGRQP

5GOWC RGMGTLCCP VKFCM CMCP UGORWTPC LKMC VKFCM FKMQTGMUK MGODCNK 6WMCTMCPNCJ VWNKUCPOW MGRCFC VGOCP UGDCPIMW 5CNKPI MQTGMUKNCJ $CICKOCPC ECTC OGP[WPVKPI! $GTVGNGRQP OGPIJCTWUMCP MKVC OGPIIWPCMCP MCNKOCV GHGMVKH LCFK UWPVKPINCJ FKCNQI [CPI VKFCM GHGMVKH 5GNCKP KVW DCJCUC JCTWU UCPVWP LCFK UWPVKPINCJ FKCNQI [CPI DGNWO UCPVWP 2GTJCVKMCP EQPVQJ ECTC OGP[WPVKPI DGTKMWV -TKPI MTKPI 2QNVCM *CNQ UKCRC KPK! 6KIQT *CNQ UC[C 6KIQT 5KCRC KPK! 2QNVCM *CNQ CMW 2QNVCM )QT MCW OCW CMW CLCM OGPQPVQP UGRCM DQNC FK UVCFKQP 5NGOCP! 6KIQT $KUC 6CM -CW LGORWV CMW [C #MW VKFCM CFC UGRGFC OQVQT .CIKCP MCOW MCP NGYCV TWOCJMW 2QNVCM /CPC DKUC DGIKVW #MW WUCJCMCP [C MCW UKCR UKCR LCO UWFCJ FK FGRCP RCICT TWOCJOW #MW VCM OCW OCUWM TWOCJOW FCP OGPIGVWM PIGVWM OGPECTKOW )QT 6KIQT $CKMNCJ 5WFCJ [C

5GJCTWUP[C 2QNVCM *CNQ UC[C 2QNVCM DKUC DKECTC FGPICP 6KIQT! 6KIQT *CNQ UC[C UGPFKTK #FC [CPI DKUC UC[C DCPVW 2QNVCM! 2QNVCM $GIKPK 6KIQT 5C[C OCW OGPICLCMOW OGPQPVQP UGRCM DQNC #RCMCJ MCOW DGTUGFKC! 6KIQT 6GPVW UCLC -COW LGORWV UC[C [C 2QNVCM $CKMNCJ CMW LGORWV MCOW RWMWN 9+$ [C! 6KIQT 5KCR 2QNVCM 6GTKOC MCUKJ 6KIQT

/GNCMWMCP &KCNQI $GTVGNGRQP 5GVGNCJ FKCNQI [CPI MCOW VWNKU FKUWPVKPI FCP FKRGTDCKMK OCTK NCPLWVMCP FGPICP MGIKCVCP OGNCMWMCP FKCNQI DGTVGNGRQP .CMWMCP FGPICP VGOCP UGDCPIMWOW %QDCNCJ DGTFKCNQI VCPRC OGODCEC VGMU CICT VGTMGUCP VKFCM MCMW

8QLW 2ODK 5DJD

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

162

% /GPGOWMCP )CICUCP 7VCOC #RCMCJ MCOW OGOKNKMK MGIGOCTCP OGODCEC! -GVKMC OGODCEC CRC [CPI MCOW ECTK! 6GPVW UCLC KPHQTOCUK 5GOWC DCECCP CVCW VGMU OGPIJCFKTMCP KPHQTOCUK $KCUCP[C KPHQTOCUK VGTUWUWP FCNCO UCVW ICICUCP WVCOC 5CVW VGMU WVWJ JCP[C OGOKNKMK UCVW ICICUCP WVCOC 7PVWM OGORGTLGNCU RGOCJCOCP DKCUCP[C VGMU FKLCDCTMCP FCNCO DGDGTCRC RCTCITCH 5GVKCR RCTCITCH FCNCO UGDWCJ VGMU OGOKNKMK UCVW ICICUCP )CICUCP WVCOC UGVKCR RCTCITCH DKUC DGTCFC FK CYCN CMJKT VGTUKTCV CVCW CYCN FCP CMJKT 2GTJCVKMCP EQPVQJ DGTKMWV *DJDVDQ XWDPD GL DZDO SDUDJUDI .XDOLWDV XGDUD GL %HLMLQJ \DQJ GLQLODL NXUDQJ EHUVLK GDSDW PHUXJLNDQ NRQGLVL WXEXK DWOHW .HDGDDQ LQL WHUMDGL DNLEDW SROXVL \DQJ GLKDVLONDQ MXWD NHQGDUDDQ \DQJ EHURSHUDVL GL MDODQ MDODQ GDQ PHQXWXS VHEDJLDQ LQGXVWUL GL %HLMLQJ .HDGDDQ XGDUD LQL ELVD PHPSHQJDUXKL SHUPDLQDQ SDUD DWOHW GDODP ROLPSLDGH .HOXKDQ WHQWDQJ NRQGLVL XGDUD %HLMLQJ GDQ &KLQD GLVDPSDLNDQ NHSDGD SDUD DWOHW DJDU EHUMDJD MDJD .KXVXVQ\D +DLOH *HEUVHODVLH SHPHFDK UHNRU GXQLD PDUDWRQ DVDO (WLRSLD \DQJ MXJD PHQGHULWD DVPD

*DJDVDQ XWDPD GL DNKLU SDUDJUDI 6XSRUWHU WHUXV PHPEHUL GXNXQJDQ NHSDGD *UHVLN 3HWURNLPLD PHVNLSXQ NDODK GDODP VHW 'XD ULEX SHQRQWRQ EHUWHSXN VRUDN 7HULDNDQ PHUHND UXSDQ\D EHUKDVLO PHOHFXW VHPDQJDW GDQ PHQMDGLNDQ SDUD SHPDLQ *UHVLN 3HWURNLPLD EDQJNLW 5HOL UHOL SDQMDQJ GLSHUDJDNDQ NHGXD WLP 3DGD VHW NHHPSDW DNKLUQ\D *UHVLN 3HWURNLPLD PHPHQDQJNDQ SHUWDQGLQJDQ .HPHQDQJDQ *UHVLN 3HWURNLPLD DWDV -DNDUWD 3RSVLYR 3ROZDQ ELVD GLELODQJ VHEDJDL NHPHQDQJDQ VXSRUWHU *UHVLN

*DJDVDQ XWDPD WHUVLUDW 5/20 OGPICMJKTK RGTVCPFKPICP FGPICP UMQT CMJKT 2GTVCPFKPICP [CPI DGTLCNCP RCPLCPI VCPRC WLWPI FKOGPKV OGPKV VGTCMJKT LWUVTW OGPWPLWMMCP MGJKFWRCP 5WNKUOCPVQ OGOCUWMMCP DQNC MG ICYCPI 5/2 0 OGPKV UGDGNWO RGTVCPFKPICP WUCK &KUWUWN 9CPIUKV 9CPIUKV DGTJCUKN OGPIIKTKPI DQNC MG MCPFCPI NCYCP OGPKV UGDGNWO RGTVCPFKPICP WUCK &GVKM FGVKM MGVGICPICP FKOCPHCCVMCP #PIIC WPVWM OGODKFKMMCP DQNC OGPKV UGDGNWO RGTVCPFKPICP WUCK +FG RQMQM -GOGPCPICP 5/2 0 CVCU 5/2 0 FCNCO RGTVCPFKPICP UGRCM DQNC

8QLW 2ODK 5DJD

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

163

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

)TCPF 2WLK 5VGXGP )GTTCTF

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

8QLW 2ODK 5DJD

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

164

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

5WODGT -GFCWNCVCP 4CM[CV 5GNCUC #RTKN FGPICP RGPIWDCJCP

,CYCDNCJ RGTVCP[CCP RGTVCP[CCP DGTKMWV C /GPICRC %JGNUGC RGPCUCTCP RCFC .KXGTRQQN! D 5KCRC RGOCKP CPFCNCP .KXGTRQQN! E /GPICRC FKC OGPLCFK CPFCNCP FK .KXGTRQQN!

F /GPICRC %JGNUGC KPIKP OGTGDWV RGOCKP CPFCNCP .KXGTRQQN! G $CICKOCPC OGPWTWVOW CRCMCJ OGTGDWV RGOCKP NCYCP KVW VKPFCMCP [CPI URQTVKH! H 5KCRC RGOCKP CPFCNCP %JGNUGC! I /GPICRC RGOCKP CPFCNCP .KXGTRQQN FCP %JGNUGC MGOWPIMKPCP VKFCM KMWV DGTVCPFKPI! J #RC MQOGPVCTOW VGTJCFCR UKMCR OCUKPI OCUKPI MGUGDGNCUCP VGTUGDWV! 6GPVWMCP ICICUCP WVCOC UGVKCR RCTCITCH VGMU FK CVCU &KUMWUKMCP FGPICP VGOCP UGDCPIMWOW 6WNKU LCYCDCPOW FCNCO VCDGN DGTKMWV 6WNKU FK DWMW VWICU 2CTCITCH

7TCKCP

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

8QLW 2ODK 5DJD

)CICUCP 7VCOC

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs. 2CTCITCH

165 )CICUCP 7VCOC

7TCKCP

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

8QLW 2ODK 5DJD

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

166

$GTNCVKJ /GPGOWMCP )CICUCP 7VCOC 6GMU $CECNCJ VGMU DGTKMWV FCP VGPVWMCPNCJ ICICUCP WVCOC VGMU 6GMU

6KPVKP $GPP[ Ŏ5TKMCPFK )QNHŏ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ŏ ;QI[CMCTVC &CTK RKCNC RKCNC [CPI FKRGTQNGJ KVW CFC UGDWCJ [CPI VGTIQNQPI EWMWR KUVKOGYC [CKVW RKCNC 1XGTCNN $GUV )TQUU [CPI FKTCKJ FCTK VWTPCOGP IQNH OGORGTKPICVK VCJWP $24 FK RCFCPI IQNH #FKUWEKRVQ ;QI[CMCTVC VCJWP -GVKMC FKVGOWK FKTWOCJP[C DGNWO NCOC KPK 6KPVKP $GPP[ OGPICVCMCP UCCV OGTCKJ RKCNC 1XGTCNN $GUV )TQUU YCMVW KVW RGPKNCKCP LWONCJ RWMWNCPP[C FKICDWPIMCP FGPICP PKNCK RGOCKP RGOCKP IQNH RTKC [CPI RWP[C

5WODGT -GFCWNCVCP 4CM[CV /CTGV

6GMU

2CWNQ 4WOGTG

/GNGRCU $C[CPI DC[CPI 5CPI 2CRC -GJQTOCVCP OGODGNC /GTCJ 2WVKJ VCM NCIK UGDCVCU OKORK DCIK 2CWNQ 4WOGTG /GUMK JCTWU DGTUCKPI FGPICP DGDGTCRC PCOC DGUCT UGRCMDQNC 6CPCJ #KT IGNCPFCPI 2GTUKRWTC ,C[CRWTC KPK DGTVGMCF OGORGTLWCPIMCP UGVKCR MGUGORCVCP [CPI CFC 5VCVWU UGDCICK RGOCKP FGDWVCP UGORCV OGODWCV 2CWNQ OKPFGT FCP OGPWVWR FKTK FCTK UGUCOC TGMCP RGNCVPCU ő6CRK EQCEJ $GPP[ &QNNQ OKPVC UC[C LCPICP VCMWV ;CPI RGPVKPI DGTOCKP UGDCKM OWPIMKP CICT VGTRKNKJ Œ 6WVWTP[C +VW RWNC [CPI OGODWCV 2CWNQ MKPK NGDKJ UCPVCK FCP OWNCK DKUC OGP[GUWCKMCP FKTK -GOCORWCP DGTOCKP FK DGTDCICK RQUKUK OGPLCFK OQFCN 2CWNQ WPVWM OG[CMKPMCP $GPP[ )GNCPFCPI VGTVCJCP 2GTUKRWTC KPK LWIC OGOKNKMK MGOCORWCP OGPIQ[CM RGTVCJCPCP NCYCP FCP OGPEGVCM IQN $CJMCP RCFC RCTVCK RGTFCPC %QRC +PFQPGUKC 2CWNQ OGPEGVCM FWC IQN MG ICYCPI 2GTUKFQ &QPIICNC ő2CWNQ UCPICV DCKM MGVKMC OGP[GTCPI FCTK NKPK MGFWC 7ORCPP[C LWIC VGTWMWT Œ MCVC 4KECTFQ 5CNCORGUU[ DGM MCPCP VKOPCU 7PVWM OGPLCIC RGNWCPI VKOPCU 2CWNQ TGNC VGVCQ DGTNCVKJ FK UCCV NKDWT MQORGVKUK FGOK OGPLCIC MGDWICTCP HKUKM 2CWNQ UGTKPI VKFCM DKUC OGPIGPFCNKMCP FKTK 2CWNQ JCTWU DKUC OGPIGPFCNKMCP GOQUK [CPI NCDKN &KC UGTKPI OGPGTKOC MCTVW MWPKPI MCTGPC JCN KPK 'OQUK 2CWNQ OWFCJ VGTRCPEKPI CRCNCIK MCNCW UWFCJ NGNCJ ,KMC VKFCM UGIGTC FKVCPICPK MGNCDKNCP GOQUK DKUC OGPIJCODCV MCTKGT 2CWNQ /GPLCFK RGOCKP VKOPCU VCM RGTPCJ VGTNKPVCU FK DGPCM 2CWNQ /GUMKRWP UCPI C[CJ *GPIM[ 4WOGTG CFCNCJ RCNCPI RKPVW VKOPCU GTC CP $CIKP[C DKUC OGYWLWFMCP MGKPIKPCP UCPI C[CJ OGPLCFK RGUGRCMDQNC RTQHGUKQPCN UWFCJ EWMWR -KPK UGRGTVK JCNP[C UCPI C[CJ 2CWNQ UCORCK LWIC MG UKPIICUCPC VKOPCU $CM RGRCVCJ DWCJ CRGN LCVWJ VCM LCWJ FCTK RQJQPP[C

8QLW 2ODK 5DJD

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

167

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

8QLW 2ODK 5DJD

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

168

/GOCJCOK %QPVQJ /GOQ $GTKMWV CFCNCJ DGDGTCRC EQPVQJ OGOQ 2GTJCVKMCP MGUCPVWPCP DCJCUC [CPI FKIWPCMCP FCP MGGHGMVKHCP MCNKOCV FCNCO OGOQ

&RQWRK 'DUL -RDQ 8QWXN 6LWL $NX NH UXPDKPX KHQGDN PHQJHPEDOLNDQ UDNHW WDSL NDPX WLGDN DGD 5DNHWPX NXWLWLSNDQ SDGD NDNDNPX WHULPD NDVLK -RDQ &RQWRK 'DUL .HSDOD 6HNRODK 8QWXN 3HPELQD 26,6 7RORQJ VLDSNDQ GDQ VHUDKNDQ GDIWDU VLVZD VLVZD XQWXN SHUORPEDDQ VHSDN EROD PLQL 3HUORPEDDQ GLODNVDQDNDQ WDQJJDO -XQL WHULPD NDVLK 'UV 6XUDGMLPDQ

&RQWRK 'DUL .HWXD 26,6 8QWXN 6HNUHWDULV 26,6 7RORQJ EXDW XQGDQJDQ UDSDW SDQLWLD ORPED EXOX WDQJNLV 6HQLQ -XOL SXNXO :,% GL UXDQJ 26,6 WHULPD NDVLK 0XK 0LIWDFXUUDKPDQ

&RQWRK 'DUL .HWXD 3DQLWLD 8QWXN -XUL /RPED 6HSDN %ROD 7RORQJ VHJHUD VHUDKNDQ GDIWDU SHPHQDQJ ORPED VHSDN EROD WDQJJDO $SULO GL 603 0XKDPPDGL\DK 'HSRN .DPL DNDQ PHQ\XVXQ ODSRUDQ NHJLDWDQ WHULPD NDVLK 5RPL\DWXQ 6 3G

8QLW 2ODK 5DJD

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

169

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Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

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Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

182

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Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

183

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Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

184

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2TGUGPVCUKMCPNCJ JCUKN FKUMWUK MCNKCP

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2GTKUVKYC

6GRCV

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Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

185

$GTNCVKJ 5GPFKTK

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8QLW 6HQL GDQ %XGD\D

186

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

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,WLWT 2TCPCPVQ %GTKVC 2KNKJCP -QORCU CVCU MGFCVCPICPP[C Œ ő6GTKOC MCUKJ MGODCNK 2CM 5GMCNK NCIK UC[C WECRMCP UGNCOCV Œ ,CYCDNCJ RGTVCP[CCP RGTVCP[CCP DGTKMWV C 6GPVWMCP RGTKUVKYC RGTKUVKYC FCNCO EGTKVC -CFQ +UVKOGYC [CPI OGPICPFWPI NCVCT D 6GPVWMCP NCVCT VGORCV NCVCT YCMVW FCP NCVCT UQUKCN DWFC[C OCU[CTCMCV FCNCO RGVKMCP EGTRGP FK CVCU E 6GOWMCP NCVCT FK FCGTCJOW [CPI OKTKR FGPICP NCVCT EGTRGP -CFQ +UVKOGYC

8QLW 6HQL GDQ %XGD\D

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

187

6WICU 4WOCJ

$GTMWPLWPINCJ MG RGTRWUVCMCCP

6GOWMCP DWMW MWORWNCP EGTKVC RGPFGM

$CECNCJ UGOWC EGTRGP [CPI CFC

2KNKJNCJ UCVW EGTRGP FCP CPCNKUKUNCJ NCVCT EGTKVCP[C 6WPLWMMCP MGRCFC IWTWOW GUQM JCTK /KPVCNCJ RGPFCRCV IWTW VGTJCFCR RGMGTLCCPOW

C. /GODCEC $WMW %GTKVC #PCM

$CICKOCPC FGPICP MGIKCVCP OGPIJWDWPIMCP NCVCT EGTKVC FGPICP TGCNKVCU UQUKCN! 6KFCM UWNKV DWMCP! -COW VGNCJ OGPIGPCN NCVCT EGTRGP FCP OGPIJWDWPIMCPP[C FGPICP TGCNKVCU UQUKCN 6GTP[CVC NCVCT FCNCO EGTRGP VKFCM DGTDGFC FGPICP NCVCT FK MGJKFWRCP P[CVC -GIKCVCP MKVC UGNCPLWVP[C CFCNCJ OGODCEC DWMW EGTKVC CPCM 6KFCM DGTDGFC FGPICP EGTRGP DWMW EGTKVC CPCM LWIC VKFCM VGTNGRCU FGPICP TGCNKVCU MGJKFWRCP FCNCO JCN KPK MGJKFWRCP CPCM 5GVGNCJ OGODCEC DWMW EGTKVC CPCM MCOW FKJCTCRMCP OGPGOWMCP TGCNKVCU MGJKFWRCP CPCM [CPI VGTGHNGMUK FCNCO DWMW EGTKVC CPCM VGTUGDWV

/GODCEC $CIKCP FCNCO $WMW %GTKVC #PCM

&K DCYCJ KPK FKUCLKMCP UCVW DCIKCP EGTKVC FCNCO DWMW EGTKVC CPCM 6TKQPC -CUWU .WMKUCP %CPFK DCECNCJ FGPICP EGTOCV

%CPFK 5KPIJCUCTK 9CMVW OGPWPLWMMCP RWMWN UGVGPICJ UGODKNCP 6KIC QTCPI CPCM PCORCM DGT LCNCP FK ,CNCP -GTVCPGICTC 5KPIJCUCTK OG PWLW MG CTCJ ECPFK .GVCM ECPFK KVW UGPFKTK VKFCM VGTNCNW LCWJ FCTK LCNCP TC[C 6CFK RWMWN UGVGPICJ FGNCRCP RCIK 0CPQ UWFCJ OGPLGORWV #PVQP FK TWOCJ P[C /CMUWFP[C OCW UGIGTC OGPICLCM DGTCPIMCV 6CRK #PVQP VGTP[CVC DGNWO UKCR 5CODKN OGPIIGTWVW 0CPQ OGPWPIIW #PVQP UCTCRCP 5GVGNCJ KVW OGTGMC OGP

LGORWV /CTKCPC .CNW FGPICP MGPFCTCCP WOWO OGTGMC DGTVKIC DGTCPIMCV MG 5KPIJCUCTK 5GVKDCP[C FK 5KPIJCUCTK OGTGMC VWTWP FK OWMC RCUCT FCTK UKVW OGTGMC DGTLCNCP OGPWLW ECPFK Å‘+VW FKC ECPFKP[C Å’ UGTW #PVQP MGVKMC OGTGMC UCORCK FK FGRCP ECPFK Å‘9CFWJ DCIWU [C Å’ VCODCJ CPCM CPCM KVW UCODKN OGORGTJCVKMCP %CPFK 5KPIJCUCTK [CPI PCORCM VKPIIK OGPLWNCPI

8QLW 6HQL GDQ %XGD\D

188

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

#PVQP JGPFCM DGTDGNQM OGOCUWMK RKPVW JCNCOCP ECPFK 0CPQ OGPCJCP NGPICPP[C Å‘6KFCM UGMCTCPI Å’ MCVC 0CPQ Å‘-KVC VGTWU MG DCTCV FWNW OGNKJCV CTEC &YCTCRCNC Å’ &K UGDGNCJ DCTCV ECPFK KVW OGOCPI VGTFCRCV CTEC TCMUCUC RGPLCIC [CPI FKUGDWV &YCTCRCNC #[CJ 0CPQ DGTRGUCP UGDGNWO OGNKJCV NKJCV ECPFK UGDCKMP[C OGTGMC OG NKJCV CTEC KVW NGDKJ FCJWNW +VW UGDCDP[C 0CPQ OGNCTCPI #PVQP OCUWM MG ECPFK -GVKIC CPCM KVW VGTWU DGTLCNCP 5GVGNCJ OGNGYCVK RGTGORCVCP UCORCKNCJ OGTGMC FK VGORCV &YCTCRCNC ,WONCJ &YCTCRCNC CFC FWC DWCJ ;CPI UGDWCJ FK UGDGNCJ UGNCVCP LCNCP UCVWP[C FK UGDGNCJ WVCTC Å‘#FWJ DGUCTP[C Å’ UGTW /CTKCPC MCIWO Å‘&CTK OCPC OGTGMC OGORGTQNGJ DCVW UGDGUCT KPK! &CP DCICKOCPC RWNC ECTC OG PGORCVMCP DCVW KVW FK UKPK!Å’ Å‘2CFCJCN FWNW DGNWO CFC OGUKP &GTGM $GIKVW MCP!Å’ 0CPQ OGPQNGJ RCFC /CTKCPC -GOWFKCP UCODKN OGOCPFCPI &YCTCRCNC [CPI FK UGDGNCJ UGNCVCP LCNCP 0CPQ OG NCPLWVMCP Å’,WUVTW FK UKVWNCJ NGVCM MGJGDCVCP PGPGM OQ[CPI MKVC Å’ /CTKCPC UGRGPFCRCV FGPICP 0CPQ -GOWFKCP FGPICP EGTOCV FKRGTJCVKMCPP[C WMKT WMKTCP RCFC CTEC DCVW KVW 4CWV OWMC TCMUCUC &YCTCRCNC PCORCM OGP[GTCOMCP CNKUP[C DGTMGTWV OCVCP[C OGNQVQV OWNWVP[C OGP[GTKPICK OGORGT VQPVQPMCP VCTKPIP[C .GJGTP[C DGTJKCUMCP MCNWPI WNCT FCP VGPIMQTCM 6CPICPP[C OGOGICPI ICFC Å‘#RCMCJ CTEC CTEC KPK OGTWRCMCP CTEC RGPLCIC IGTDCPI KUVCPC!Å’ 6CP[C /CTKCPC RCFC 0CPQ Å‘&WNW OGOCPI CFC [CPI DGTRGPFCRCV FGOKMKCP Å’ LCYCD 0CPQ Å‘0COWP VKFCM VGTDWMVK DCJYC FK UGMKVCT VGORCV KPK CFC UGDWCJ KUVCPC ,CFK CFC MGOWPIMKPCP CTEC KPK CFCNCJ CTEC RGPLCIC VCOCP CVCW MG RWVTKCP FK \COCP 5KPIJCUCTK JCFKT CDCF DGTCRC JC[Q!Å’ Å‘.JQ OCW OGPVGU CMW!Å’ LCYCD /CTKCPC Å‘#DCF VKIC DGNCU Å’ Å‘2KPVCT LWIC MCOW Å’ RWLK 0CPQ VGTVCYC Å‘-WMKTC MCOW NWRC Å’

8QLW 6HQL GDQ %XGD\D

Å‘6GTKPICV 5KPIJCUCTK OCW VCM OCW MKVC VGTKPICV RCFC -GP #TQM FCP -GP &GFGU Å’ #PVQP OGPKODTWPI 0CPQ OGPGTCPIMCP Å‘-CNCW MKVC VGTWU MG $CTCV OGPIKMWVK LCNCP KVW Å‘ 0CPQ OG PWFKPI Å‘-KVC CMCP UCORCK MG UGDWCJ RGOCPFKCP [CPI DGTPCOC -GP &GFGU 6CRK KVW RGOCPFKCP OCUC MKPK #TVKP[C DWMCP RGPKPIICNCP -GP #TQM Å’ #PVQP OGPICPIIWM CPIIWM Å‘2GTPCJ MWFGPICT -KVC OCW MG UCPC!Å’ Å‘6CM WUCJNCJ #MW VKFCM OGODCYC RCMCKCP TGPCPI Å’ LCYCD /CTKCPC Å‘;CJ MKVC MG ECPFK UCLC #MW KPIKP OG NKJCV ECPFK KVW UCORCK RWCU Å’ MCVC 0CPQ 1J [C $WMCPMCJ CTEC &YCTCRCNC CFC [CPI RGTPCJ VGTDGPCO MG FCNCO VCPCJ!Å’ WLCT #PVQP Å‘;CPI OCPC [C!Å’ Å‘;C [CPI KPK Å’ VWPLWM 0CPQ RCFC CTEC [CPI FK UGDGNCJ UGNCVCP LCNCP /CUCNCJP[C MCTGPC VCPCJ [CPI VKFCM UCPIIWR OGPCJCP CTEC DCVW KPK -CNKCP VGPVW DKUC OGO DC[CPIMCP DGVCRC DGTCVP[C CTEC [CPI VKPI IKP[C JCORKT GORCV OGVGT KPK Å’ Å‘-GOWFKCP CODNGU!Å’ Å‘;C .CNW RCFC VCJWP CTEC KPK FKPCKMMCP MG CVCU -GOWFKCP FK DCYCJP[C FKDWCV CNCU DGVQP UWRC[C CTEC KPK VKFCM CODNGU NCIK Å’ 0CPQ OGPWPLWM CNCU DGVQP DGTDGPVWM RGTUGIK GORCV FK DCYCJ RCVWPI DCVW KVW 5GVGNCJ RWCU OGNKJCV NKJCV &YCTCRCNC MGVKIC CPCM KVW MGODCNK MG CTCJ 6KOWT /GNKJCV RWPECM %CPFK 5KPIJCUCTK [CPI OGPLWNCPI 0CPQ DGTMCVC Å‘-CNKCP CFC [CPI UWFCJ RGTPCJ MG %CPFK $CFWV!Å’ #PVQP FCP /CTKCPC OGPIIGNGPI Å‘#MW UWFCJ Å’ 0CPQ OGNCPLWVMCP Å‘#PVCTC %CPFK $CFWV FCP %CPFK 5KPIJCUCTK CFC DGFCP[C %CPFK $CFWV DGTDGPVWM VCODWP FCP OGNGDCT UGFCPIMCP %CPFK 5KPIJCUCTK DGTDGPVWM VKPIIK FCP TCORKPI %CPFK $CFWV NGDKJ VWC FCTKRCFC %CPFK 5KPIJCUCTK /GPWTWV ECVCVCP UGNCKP FKUGDWV FGPICP PCOC %CPFK 5KPIJCUCTK ECPFK *KPFW ,CYC KVW LWIC FKUGDWV %CPFK 6WOCRGN #FC RWNC [CPI OGPCOCMCPP[C %CPFK %WPIMWR ,WIC CFC [CPI OGP[GDWVP[C %CPFK -GP &GFGU

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs. -GVKMC JGPFCM OCUWM MG JCNCOCP ECPFK UGQTCPI KDW OGOCPIIKN MGVKIC CPCM KVW ő5KNCMCP OGPIKUK DWMW VCOW FWNW Œ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ő/GPWTWV ECVCVCP -CNC CFCNCJ RGP LGNOCCP 5[KYC FCNCO CICOC *KPFW Œ WLCTP[C OGPKTWMCP ECVCVCP FCNCO DTQUWT VGPVCPI %CPFK 5KPIJCUCTK [CPI FKDCECP[C ő5GNCKP KVW RCFC ECPFK KPK LWIC VGTFCRCV

189

DGDGTCRC RCVWPI DCVW [CPI KPFCJ DWCVCP P[C &WNWŒ ő&WNW! #RC OCMUWFOW!Œ 6CP[C #PVQP 0CPQ OGPICLCM MGFWC VGOCPP[C OG PIKVCTK ECPFK UCORCK FK FGRCP TGNWPI ECPFK UGDGNCJ WVCTC 5CODKN OGPWPLWM TGNWPI [CPI MQUQPI 0CPQ OGPGTCPIMCP ő&WNW FK TGNWPI WVCTC KPK VGTFCRCV UGDWCJ &WTIC /CJKUCUWTCOCTFKPK ;CKVW CTEC &GYK &WTIC FK CVCU RWPIIWPI DCPVGPI 5GOGP VCTC FK TGNWPI VKOWT CFC CTEC )CPGUJC 6CRK UGMCTCPI TGNWPI TGNWPI KPK MQUQPIŒ ő#TEC CTECP[C MGOCPC!Œ 6CP[C #PVQP ő&KDCYC MG PGIGTK $GNCPFC RCFC VCJWP CP Œ 0CPQ OGPCTKM VCPICP #PVQP &KCLCMP[C VGOCPP[C KVW OGPIKVCTK NCIK MG TGNWPI UGNCVCP /CTKCPC OGODWPVWVK MGFWC CPCM NCMK NCMK KVW ő;CPI VKPIICN EWOC CTEC KPK Œ MCVC 0CPQ OGPWPLWM MG FCNCO TGNWPI #PVQP FCP /CTKCPC OGORGTJCVKMCP CTEC FCNCO TGNWPI KVW 2CVWPI KVW OGPIICODCTMCP UGQTCPI RGPFGVC [CPI DGTLCPIIWV RCPLCPI FCP VGDCN 2CVWPI KVW VKFCM UGORWTPC NCIK .GPICPP[C RCVCJ ő9CJ NGPICPP[C RCVCJ Œ UGTW /CTKCPC OGP[C[CPIMCP ő,WUVTW OWPIMKP MCTGPC KVW CTEC KPK VKFCM KMWV FKDCYC MG NWCT PGIGTK Œ UCJWV 0CPQ ő+PK CTEC CRC!Œ 6CP[C #PVQP ő#TEC )WTW #ICUV[C Œ ő9CJ CPCM KPK DGPCT DGPCT VCJW DCP[CM NJQ #P Œ WLCT #PVQP OGPWFKPI 0CPQ UGOGPVCTC OWMCP[C DGTRCNKPI MGC TCJ /CTKCPC ő.JQ MQM JGTCP! #MW MCP 0CPQ #FK #FKV[Q! 0CPQ [CPI LGPKWU UGNCNW VCJW DCP[CM Œ MCVC 0CPQ OGP[QODQPI /CTKCPC OGPFQTQPI DCJW 0CPQ ő6GPVW UCLC MCOW VCJW 5QCNP[C MCOW UWFCJ OGORGNCLCTK MGVGTCPICP VGPVCPI ECPFK KPK -CNCW JCP[C KVW Ō CMW [C DKUC Œ 0CPQ OGPIGNCM ő'J MCVCOW VCFK CFC [CPI OGPCOCMCP ECPFK KPK UGDCICK %CPFK -GP &GFGU Œ MCVC /CTKCPC DGDGTCRC UCCV MGOWFKCP ő#RCMCJ MCTGPC FK VGORCV KP KRGTPCJ FKVGOWMCP RCVWPI -GP &GFGU!Œ ő6GRCV Œ 0CPQ OGPLGNCUMCP ő&K VGORCV KPK OGOCPI FKVGOWMCP RWNC UGDWCJ RCVWPI YCPKVC ECPVKM /WPIMKP UGMCNK KVW

8QLW 6HQL GDQ %XGD\D

190

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

CFCNCJ -GP FGFGU -GP &GFGU KVW KDWP[C UKCRC UKJ!Å’ Å‘#PWUCRCVK 5WFCJ LCPICP DGTNCICM LCFK RCM IWTW Å’ UGPVCM /CTKCPC MGUCN .CIK NCIK 0CPQ VGTIGNCM Å‘2CVWPI -GP &GFGU KVW FKUGDWV RWNC FGPICP PCOC 2TCLPCRCTCOKVC #TVKP[C &GYK -GDKLCMUCPCCP Å’ UCODWPI 0CPQ MGOWFKCP Å‘5GMCTCPI RCVWPI KVW FK OCPC! *KNCPI LWIC!Å’ UGNC #PVQP 2TK[CVPC Å‘#TEC [CPI KPFCJ KVW MKPK FKUKORCP FK /WUKWO 0CUKQPCN ,CMCTVC Å’ Å‘9CJ WPVWPI VKFCM KMWV NGP[CR Å’ MCVC /CTKCPC NGIC Å‘#TEC KVW DKUC FKMCVCMCP UGDCICK JCUKN UGPK [CPI UCPICV KPFCJ 7MKT WMKTCPP[C DCIWU FCP JCNWU Å’ MCVC 0CPQ Å‘&CTK OCPC MCOW VCJW! #RC MCOW UWFCJ RGTPCJ OGNKJCVP[C!Å’ VCP[C /CTKCPC Å‘-CVCP[C Å’ LCYCD 0CPQ Å‘-CVCP[C KVW DGTCTVK CMW DGNWO RGTPCJ OGNKJCV FGPICP OCVC MGRCNC UGPFKTK ,GNCU!Å’ 0CPQ DGTRWTC RWTC OGNQVQV Å‘*GJGJG Å—Å’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Å‘;WM MKVC OKPVC FKHQVQ [WM Å’ Å‘*WUU Å’ UGPVCM /CTKCPC Å‘5GRGTVK QTCPI DGNWO RGTPCJ FKRQVTGV UCLC 2GTIKNCJ UGPFKTK Å’ UCODWPI #PVQP UCODKN VGTVCYC Å‘#MW [CMKP QTCPI KVW VGTJGTCP JGTCP OGNKJCV ECPFK 0GPGM OQ[CPIP[C DGNWO

8QLW 6HQL GDQ %XGD\D

VGPVW DKUC OGODCPIWP ECPFK UGKPFCJ %CPFK 5KPIJCUCTK ;C VKFCM!Å’ WLCT 0CPQ Å‘;C [C Å’ UCJWV /CTKCPC OGPFQTQPI DCJW 0CPQ -CTGPC VGTVCTKM QNGJ VKPIMCJ NCMW RCTC YKUCVCYCP KVW 0CPQ FCP MCYCP MCYCP OGPIKMWVK OGTGMC &K CPVCTC TQODQPICP KVW CFC UGQTCPI RGOCPFW YKUCVC 5GQTCPI RGOWFC [CPI VCJW DCP[CM VGPVCPI ECPFK KVW MGRCFC TQODQPICPP[C -CFCPI MCFCPI FGPICP DCJCUC +PFQPGUKC MCFCPI MCFCPI FGPICP DCJCUC +PIITKU /CTKCPC OGORGTJCVKMCP VKPIMCJ NCMW RGOCPFW YKUCVC KVW &CNCO CPICP CPICP KC OGODC[CPIMCP DGVCRC OGPICU[KMMCP OGPLCFK UGQTCPI RGOCPFW YKUCVC 5G OGPVCTC KVW VWTKU DTGYQM OGORGTJCVKMCP 0CPQ FCP MCYCP MCYCP -GOWFKCP KC OGPICVCMCP UGUWCVW FCNCO DCJCUC +PIITKU RCFC UK RGOCPFW YKUCVC 2GOWFC KVW OGPICPIIWM CPIIWM 5GVGNCJ KVW KC OGPI JCORKTK 0CPQ FCP MGFWC VGOCPP[C Å‘$CRCM KVW KPIKP DGTHQVQ FGPICP MCNKCP FCP VGOCP VGOCP -CVCP[C WPVWM MGPCPI MGPCPICP [CPI CMCP FKDCYCP[C MGODCNK MG PGIGTKP[C -CNKCP OCW DWMCP!Å’ MCVC RGOCPFW YKUCVC UCODKN OGPWPLWM UK VWTKU 0CPQ OGPQNGJ RCFC /CTKCPC FCP #PVQP FCP OGP[GPIKT NWEW Å‘0CJ MGKPIKPCPOW VGTMCDWN Å’ MCVC /CTKCPC 0CPQ VGTMGMGJ 5CODKN OGOCP FCPI RGOCPFW YKUCVC KC OGPLCYCD Å‘$QNGJ Å’ Å‘#[Q Å’ CLCM RGOCPFW YKUCVC Å‘6WTKU FCTK OCPC OGTGMC!Å’ 6CP[C #PVQP Å‘$GNIKC Å’ #PCM CPCM FKRQVTGV FWC MCNK 2GTVCOC FGPICP FWC QTCPI VGOCP VWTKU DTGYQM FK FGRCP DKNKM WVCOC ECPFK -GFWC OGTGMC DGTUCOC UK VWTKU DTGYQM FK FGRCP TGNWPI WVCTC 2GOCPFW YKUCVC [CPI OGOQVTGV Å‘0CJ UGVGNCJ KPK DGTCTVK MKVC CMCP UCORCK FK $GNIKC Å’ MCVC 0CPQ UGWUCK FKHQVQ Å‘6CRK HQVQP[C UCLC Å’ UCJWV #PVQP VGT IGNCM Å‘6JCPM [QW VJCPM [QW Å’ MCVC 2CM $TGYQM OGPIWECRMCP VGTKOC MCUKJ UCODKN OGPGRWM PGRWM DCJW 0CPQ Å‘6GPIMKW MGODCNK Å’ UCJWV 0CPQ FGPICP NCICM [CPI OGODWCV QTCPI VGTVCYC IGNK

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs. Å‘#[Q CJ Å’ CLCM /CTKCPC UGVGNCJ RWCU DGTECPFC FGPICP DCRCM VWTKU FCP RG OCPFW YKUCVCP[C -GOWFKCP MGVKIC UCJCDCV KVW OGPWTWPK VCPIIC ECPFK 0CPQ OGNCODCKMCP VCPICP RCFC 2CM $TGYQM [CPI VGTP[CVC UGPCPI DGTECPFC KVW Å‘5WFCJ EWMWR MCP!Å’ VCP[C #PVQP #PCM KVW OGPFQPICM OGOCPFCPI MG CTCJ OCVCJCTK [CPI JCORKT OGNGYCVK ICTKU VGPICJ ECMTCYCNC Å‘;C C[Q RWNCPI Å’ CLCM /CTKCPC 0CPQ OGPICPIIWM /GTGMC VGPICJ DGTLCNCP MG CTCJ RKPVW IGTDCPI MGVKMC VKDC VKDC 0CPQ OGPCJCP NGPICP VGOCP VGOCP P[C 2CPFCPICP 0CPQ VGTVWLW RCFC FWC QTCPI NCMK NCMK [CPI DCTW OGNGYCVK RKPVW RCICT ECPFK MGFWCP[C OGPGPVGPI JGNO Å‘#FC CRC 0Q!Å’ VCP[C #PVQP Å‘$CPI 1NQP Å’ LCYCD 0CPQ RGTNCJCP

191

Å‘$CPI 1NQP! 2GTCPVCTC [CPI UGNCNW OGPIGTGEQMK PGPGMOW!Å’ VCP[C #PVQP NCIK Å‘;C Å’ $CPI 1NQP FCP NCMK NCMK MCYCPP[C OGNGYCVK CPCM CPCM 0COWP KC VKFCM OG PIGPCNK 0CPQ +VW DKUC FKOCMNWOK MCTGPC RGTLWORCCPP[C FGPICP 0CPQ FK TWOCJ 0GPGM 2CTVK UGVGNCJ MGTKDWVCP KVW JCP[C DGTNCPIUWPI UGMKNCU /CTKCPC JGPFCM OGPGTWUMCP RGTLCNCPCP MG NWCT ECPFK 0COWP 0CPQ OGPCJCPP[C Å‘6WPIIW #P Å’ Å‘#RC [CPI CMCP MCW NCMWMCP!Å’ VCP[C /CTKCPC DGTDCNKM 0CPQ VKFCM OGPLCYCD &KCLCMP[C MGFWC VGOCPP[C DGTFKTK FK VGORCV [CPI VGFWJ 5GOGPVCTC KVW RCPFCPICPP[C VKFCM VGT NGRCU NGRCU OGORGTJCVKMCP $CPI 1NQP

&YKCPVQ 5GV[CYCP 6TKQPC -CUWU .WMKUCP %CPFK

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Å‘-GVKIC UCJCDCV KVW OGPWTWPK VCPIIC ECPFK /GTGMC OGP[CMUKMCP TGTWPVWJCP CTEC [CPI FKVCVC TCRK FK JCNCOCP UGDGNCJ DCTCV &KUGDWV TGTWPVWJCP MCTGPC CTEC CTEC DCVW [CPI VGTFCRCV FK UKVW UWFCJ VKFCM WVWJ NCIK #FC [CPI MGRCNCP[C JKNCPI Å’ %QPVQJ MWVKRCP FK CVCU OGPIIWPCMCP UWFWV RCPFCPI QTCPI MGVKIC VGTDCVCU &KMCVCMCP OGPIIWPCMCP UWFWV RCPFCPI QTCPI MGVKIC VGTDCVCU MCTGPC RGPWNKU CVCW PCTCVQT JCP[C OGPEGTKVCMCP CVCW OGNCRQTMCP UGUWCVW [CPI FKCNCOK CVCW FKNCMWMCP VQMQJ UCLC

8QLW 6HQL GDQ %XGD\D

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

192

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

2TGUGPVCUKMCPNCJ JCUKN FKUMWUKOW /KPVCNCJ MGNQORQM NCKP WPVWM OGPCPIICRK

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

8QLW 6HQL GDQ %XGD\D

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

193

&KUMWUKMCP FGPICP VGOCPOW TGCNKVCU MGJKFWRCP CPCM [CPI VGTEGTOKP FCNCO RGVKMCP EGTKVC CPCM FK CVCU 6WNKU FK DWMW VWICUOW FCNCO DGPVWM VCDGN 7PUWT +PVTKPUKM

2GVKMCP

4GCNKVCU -GJKFWRCP

-GVGTCPICP

2TGUGPVCUKMCP JCUKN FKUMWUK MCNKCP /KPVCNCJ MGNQORQM NCKP WPVWM OGPCPIICRK JCUKN MGTLCOW 6WICU 4WOCJ

$GTMWPLWPINCJ MG RGTRWUVCMCCP UGMQNCJOW $CECNCJ UCVW DWMW EGTKVC CPCM

6GPVWMCP TGCNKVCU MGJKFWRCP CPCM [CPI VGTGHNGMUK FCNCO DWMW EGTKVC CPCM [CPI MCOW DCEC 6WPLWMMCP JCUKN MGTLCOW MGRCFC IWTW FCP OKPVCNCJ IWTWOW OGPIQTGMUK

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

8QLW 6HQL GDQ %XGD\D

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

194

4'(.'-5+ -GOCORWCP /GPCPIICRK ECTC RGODCECCP RWKUK /GPLGNCUMCP NCVCT UWCVW EGTRGP FGPICP TGCNKVCU UQUKCN /GPGOWMCP TGCNKVCU MGJKFWRCP CPCM [CPI VGTGHNGMUK FCNCO DWMW EGTKVC CPCM CUNK OCWRWP VGTLGOCJCP ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱ ȱ

8QLW 6HQL GDQ %XGD\D

/CORW

$GNWO %CVCVCP /CORW

UNIT 10 EKONOMI ȱ

6XPEHU KWWS ZZZ SDVDU LQGRQHVLD FK LQGH[

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Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

205

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

-GNWCTICMW MGUWNKVCP GMQPQOK #MW JCTWU OGODCPVW QTCPI VWCMW DGMGTLC #MW DGMGTLC OGPEWEK RKTKPI FK YCTVGI 5GRCVWMW UWFCJ WUCPI FCP VKFCM FCRCV FKRCMCK NCIK #MW VKFCM OGOKNKMK WCPI WPVWM OGODGNK #MW OGPCDWPI FCTK WCPI UCMWMW [CPI RCU RCUCP $CP[CM KDW OGPIGOKU FK LCNCP OGODCYC CPCM MGEKN #MW UWPIIWJ RTKJCVKP OGNKJCV MGCFCCP KPK +DW KVW OCUKJ OWFC $CP[CM JCN [CPI OCUKJ DKUC FKC NCMWMCP UGNCKP JCP[C OGPIGOKU

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

8QLW (NRQRPL

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

206

/GPWNKU .CTKM NCTKM 2WKUK 5GFGTJCPC

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

/GPWNKU 2WKUK FGPICP &KMUK FCP 4KOC /GPCTKM

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

8QLW (NRQRPL

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

207

6WICU 4WOCJ

6GPVWMCP UCVW RGTKUVKYC [CPI RGTPCJ MCOW CNCOK 6WNKUNCJ UGDWCJ RWKUK FGPICP RKNKJCP MCVC FCP TKOC OGPCTKM DGTFCUCTMCP RGTKUVKYC VGTUGDWV

4#0)-7/#0 /CECO OCECO RGPIKPFTCCP CFCNCJ UGDCICK DGTKMWV C 2GPIKPFTCCP XKUWCN CVCW RGPINKJCVCP D 2GPIKPFTCCP CWFKQ CVCW RGPFGPICTCP E 2GPIKPFTCCP RGPEKWOCP F 2GPIKPFTCCP RGTCUCCP G 2GPIKPFTCCP RGTCDCCP 6GOC CFCNCJ NCPFCUCP RQMQM RGP[CKT OGPWNKU RWKUK 0CFC CFCNCJ UKMCR RGP[CKT VGTJCFCR RGODCEC NGYCV RWKUK 5WCUCPC CFCNCJ CRC [CPI FKTCUCMCP RGODCEC UCCV OGODCEC RWKUK +TCOC CFCNCJ CNWPCP [CPI VGTLCFK MCTGPC RGTWNCPICP FCP RGTICPVKCP MGUCVWCP DWP[K FCNCO CTWU RCPLCPI RGPFGM DWP[K MGTCU NGODWV VGMCPCP FCP VKPIIK TGPFCJ PCFC *CN JCN [CPI JCTWU FKRGTJCVKMCP UCCV OGODCEC VCDGN CVCW FKCITCO C $CEC FCP RCJCOKNCJ LWFWN RCFC VCDGN CVCW FKCITCO D $CEC FCP RCJCOK MGVGTCPICP CVCW KPHQTOCUK DGTWRC VWNKUCP CVCW CPIMC RCFC UKUK MCPCP CVCW MKTK DCIKCP CVCU CVCW DCYCJ 4'(.'-5+ -GOCORWCP /GTGHNGMUKMCP KUK RWKUK [CPI FKDCECMCP /GPGOWMCP KPHQTOCUK UGECTC EGRCV FCTK VCDGN FKCITCO [CPI FKDCEC /GPWNKU MTGCVKH RWKUK DGTMGPCCP FGPICP RGTKUVKYC [CPI RGTPCJ FKCNCOK

/CORW

$GNWO /CORW

%CVCVCP

8QLW (NRQRPL

208

8QLW (NRQRPL

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

7,+ -1/2'6'05+ 5'/'56'4 &7#

+ 2KNKJNCJ LCYCDCP C D E CVCW F [CPI RCNKPI VGRCV WPVWM UQCN UQCN DGTKMWV 2GTJCVKMCP FGPICP UCMUCOC RGVKMCP YCYCPECTC DGTKMWV WPVWM OGPLCYCD PQOQT 6 ,CFK DCICKOCPC RGTOCUCNCJCP WOWO [CPI MKPK VGPICJ FKCNCOK UGMQNCJ MGFKTICPVCTCCP FK +PFQPGUKC MJWUWUP[C FK 562+! , 5GLCM NKOC VCJWP NCNW JCTWU FKCMWK RGTOKPVCCP CVCU NWNWUCP MCOK 562+ VGTWU OGPWTWP [CPI OGUVKP[C LWIC FKCNCOK UGMQNCJ RGPGTDCPICP NCKP -NKOCMUP[C VGTLCFK VCVMCNC 5GORCVK #KT DWDCT RCFC FK OCPC DCP[CM RKNQV DGTMWCNKHKMCUK VKPIIK VKDC VKDC LQDNGUU FCP OGPLCFK UCNCJ UCVW UWODGT FC[C OCPWUKC [CPI OGPIJCNCPIK RCTC NWNWUCP FCTK DGTDCICK UGMQNCJ MGFKTICPVCTCCP -GODCNKP[C RGOWFC +PFQPGUKC [CPI DGNCLCT VGTDCPI FK NWCT PGIGTK LWIC KMWV OGPCODCJ TWYGV RGTOCUCNCJCP -GDWVWJCP RGPGTDCPI VKFCM NCIK LCVWJ JKPIIC VKVKM PQN VGVCRK DCJMCP OKPWU *CN KPK VGPVW UCLC OGP[GDCDMCP NWNWUCP %WTWI [CPI OCUKJ OGPICPVQPIK LCO VGTDCPI OKPKO FGPICP TCVKPI VGTDCVCU OGPLCFK UWNKV OGORGTQNGJ RGMGTLCCP UGUWCK RTQHGUKP[C 5KORWNCP RGPFCRCV PCTCUWODGT FCNCO YCYCPECTC FK CVCU CFCNCJ ŗ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ŗ C ŎLGORWV DQNCŏ CFCNCJ ECTC VGTDCKM WPVWM OGP[CNWTMCP NWNWUCP 562+ D /GPWICUMCP DGDGTCRC UVCH WPVWM OGPIKPXGPVCTKU MGDWVWJCP 5&/ RGTJWDWPICP E /CUCNCJ FKPCU RGTJWDWPICP [CPI OCUKJ DCTW F 562+ UGIGTC DGTUKMCR FGOK RCTC NWNWUCPP[C 2GTJCVKMCP VGMU DGTKMWV

&WFG *GTNKPQ

-CTKGT &WFG *GTNKPQ FK FWPKC UKPGVTQP FCP HKNO NC[CT NGDCT OGOCPI VKFCM UGNCNW DGTLCNCP OWNWU 0COWP WPVWM UCCV KPK PCOCP[C OCORW OGPLCFK KMQP FK FWPKC UKPGVTQP +PFQPGUKC ,WFWN UKPGVTQP [CPI FKOCKPMCPP[C NWOC[CP DCP[CM +C OGPICMW MGVGPCTCPP[C KPK KC RGTQNGJ UGVGNCJ KMWV OGPFWMWPI HKNO &K 5KPK #FC 5GVCP XGTUK UKPGVTQP OCWRWP NC[CT NGDCT DGTUCOC 4KTKP &YK #TKCP[

209

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

210

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Å—Å—Å—Å—Å—Å—Å—Å—Å—Å—Å— -GWPIIWNCP VQMQJ CFCNCJ Å— C D E F

4CLKP OGPCDWPI JQPQT OCKP HKNO &CRCV DGTRCUCPICP FGPICP 0C[UKNNC /KTFCF FCNCO UKPGVTQP +PVCP )GOCT OGODCEC FCP OGODKPVCPIK DCP[CM UKPGVTQP 5WMUGU FCNCO HKNO FCP OGPFCRCV IGNCT #MVQT (CXQTKV 2CPCUQPKE #YCTF

*CN JCN [CPI RCVWV FKEQPVQJ FCTK VQMQJ &WFG CFCNCJ Å— C 4CLKP OGPCDWPI FCP IGOCT OGODCEC D /GODKPVCPIK DCP[CM UKPGVTQP UGJKPIIC OGOKNKMK WCPI DCP[CM E /GPLCFK QTCPI [CPI VGPCT FCNCO RGTHKNOCP F 5WMUGU FCNCO HKNO FCP OGPFCRCV IGNCT #MVQT (CXQTKV 2CPCUQPKE #YCTF 2GTJCVKMCP FKCNQI DGTVGNGRQP DGTKMWV -TKPI Å— MTKPIÅ— -CPYC Å‘5GNCOCV UKCPI UC[C -CPYC $KUC DKECTC FGPICP #IPGU!Å’ #IPGU Å‘5KCPI -CPYC 5C[C UGPFKTK #FC CRC UKCPI UKCPI DGIKPK OGPGNRQP CMW #FC [CPI DKUC CMW DCPVW -CPYC!Å’ -CPYC Å‘#MW OCW OGOKPLCO DWMW #[CV #[CV %KPVC #RC MCOW UWFCJ UGNGUCK OGODCEC!Å’ #IPGU Å‘5WFCJ -CPYC 5KNCMCP FKCODKN FK TWOCJMW Å’ -CPYC Å‘$CKM VGTKOC MCUKJ 0GU 5GNCOCV UKCPI Å’ #IPGU Å‘5COC UCOC 9C 5KCPI Å’ -CNKOCV [CPI VKFCM GHGMVKH FKVCPFCK PQOQT Å— C

D

E

F

2GTJCVKMCP RGVKMCP DKQITCHK VQMQJ DGTKMWV 6JQOCU #NXC 'FKUQP UGQTCPI RGPGOW VGTDGUCT FK FWPKC +C OGPGOWMCP RGPGOWCP FKCPVCTCP[C NCORW NKUVTKM UKUVKO FKUVTKDWUK NKUVTKM NQMQOQVKH NKUVTKM UVCUKWP VGPCIC NKUVTKM OKMTQHQP MKPGVQUMQR RTQ[GMVQT HKNO NCDQTCVQTKWO TKUGV WPVWM KPFWUVTK HQPQITCH

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

8ML .RPSHWHQVL 6HPHVWHU

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

211

-COWU +2# MCTCPICP 7TG FCP 2TKPEKRKC MCTCPICP 0GYVQP FCP DWMW +NOW -KOKC MCTCPICP 4KEJCTF ) 2CTMGT 5GNCKP KVW KC LWIC CPCM [CPI UCPICV OGOCJCOK MQPFKUK GMQPQOK QTCPI VWCP[C 2CFC WOWT VCJWP KC VCM GPIICP LCFK RGPICUQPI MQTCP MCECPI RGTOGP FCP MWG FK MGTGVC CRK 5GDCIKCP MGWPVWPICPP[C FKDGTKMCP MGRCFC QTCPI VWCP[C *GDCVP[C UCCV DGTLWCNCP FK FCNCO MGTGVC CRK KVW KC IGOCT RWNC OGNCMWMCP DGTDCICK GMURTKOGP *CN [CPI FCRCV FKVGNCFCPK FCTK VQMQJ 6JQOCU #NHC 'FKUQP CFCNCJ Å— C /CUWM UGMQNCJ MGVKMC UWFCJ DGTWOWT VCJWP D /GPLCFK UGQTCPI RGPGOW FCP OGPLCFK VGTMGPCN FK FWPKC E 5GNCNW DGTWUCJC FCNCO MGCFCCP CRC RWP F /GPLCFK RGPICUQPI -QTCP MCECPI RGTOGP FCP MWG FK MGTGVC CRK -GWPIIWNCP VQMQJ CFCNCJ Å— C /GUMKRWP UWFCJ DGUCT VGVCR OCW DGNCLCT FK UGMQNCJ D /GPLCFK UGQTCPI [CPI UWMUGU RGPGOW FCNCO MGVGTDCVCUCP [CPI FKC OKNKMK E /GODCPVW GMQPQOK QTCPI VWCP[C F /GOKNKMK KDW UGQTCPI OCPVCP IWTW [CPI DKUC OGPICLCTMCP OGODCEC FCP OGPWNKU $CECNCJ RCTCITCH DGTKMWV FGPICP UCMUCOC

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Å—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Å— C -GPCKMCP JCTIC DCTCPI MGDWVWJCP RQMQM FKKMWVK JCTIC $$/ D 2GPICTWJ JCTIC $$/ VGTJCFCR JCTIC MGDWVWJCP RQMQM E /GNCODWPIP[C JCTIC JCTIC MGDWVWJCP RQMQM F -GPCKMCP JCTIC $$/ FK +PFQPGUKC [CPI UGOCMKP OGPLCFK -CNKOCV WVCOC RCTCITCH FK CVCU VGTFCRCV RCFC MCNKOCV MG Å— C

D

E

F

4K\CN UKUYC MGNCU :++ +2# 5/# /WJCOOCFK[CJ ;QI[C OGP[CVCMCP RGTMGODCPICP VGMPQNQIK KPHQTOCUK [CPI UGOCMKP RGUCV RGTNW OGPFCRCV RGTJCVKCP UGTKWU FCTK DGTDCICK RKJCM VGTOCUWM RGNCLCT -CTGPC KVW KC UCPICV OGPFWMWPI OQFGN RGODGNCLCTCP QP NKPG [CPI

8ML .RPSHWHQVL 6HPHVWHU

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

212

UWFCJ OWNCK FKVGTCRMCP FK DGDGTCRC UGMQNCJ /GUMKRWP HCUKNKVCU FK 5/# /WJCOOCFK[CJ DGNWO DKUC FKMCVCMCP QRVKOCN UKUYC LCFK VGTOQVKXCUK WPVWM DGNCLCT $CJMCP RGNCLCTCP OCVGOCVKMC FCP DCJCUC +PIITKU [CPI FKCPIICR UWNKV FCP OGODQUCPMCP LCFK VGTMGUCP OWFCJ -GUKORWNCP RCTCITCH FK CVCU CFCNCJ ŗ C RGTMGODCPICP VGMPQNQIK RGTNW OGPFCRCV RGTJCVKCP D OQFGN RGODGNCLCTCP QP NKPG FKVGTCRMCP FK UGMQNCJ E 5/# /WJCOOCFK[CJ UWFCJ OGNCMUCPCMCP OQFGN RGODGNCLCTCP QP NKPG F 2GNCLCTCP OCVGOCVKMC FCP DCJCUC +PIITKU UCPICV OWFCJ 2GTJCVKMCP VCDGN DGTKMWV FGPICP UCMUCOC *CUKN 2CPGP 6CPCOCP 2GTVCPKCP &GUC -GFWPIVWMCPI ,CVKDCTCPI $TGDGU FCNCO VQP $WNCP ,GPKU $CYCPI OGTCJ 2CFK %CDCK 6GTWPI

,CPWCTK

(GDTWCTK

/CTGV

#RTKN

/GK

,WPK

2GTP[CVCCP DGTKMWV [CPI UGUWCK VCDGN FK CVCU CFCNCJ ŗ C *CUKN RCPGP ECDCK UGNCNW OGPICNCOK RGPWTWPCP FCTK DWNCP MG DWNCP D *CUKN RCPGP [CPI UGNCNW OGPICNCOK MGPCKMCP CFCNCJ RCFK E *CUKN RCPGP DCYCPI OGTCJ UGNCNW OGPICNCOK MGPCKMCP FCTK DWNCP MG DWNCP F 6CPCOCP RGTVCPKCP [CPI UVCDKN CFCNCJ VGTWPI 2GTVCP[CCP DGTKMWV LCYCDCPP[C VGTFCRCV FCNCO VCDGN FK CVCU CFCNCJ ŗ C $GTCRC LWONCJ JCUKN RCPGP VCPCOCP ECDCK RCFC DWNCP /GK! D #RCMCJ FCORCM VWTWPP[C JCUKN RCPGP VCPCOCP DCYCPI OGTCJ! E /GPICRC VCPCOCP JCUKN RCPGP VCPCOCP ECDCK PCKM VWTWP! F $CICKOCPC ECTC OGTCYCV VCPCOCP RCFK CICT DKUC RCPGP OGNKORCJ! 2GTJCVKMCP FGPICP UCMUCOC RGVKMCP YCYCPECTC DGTKMWV 6KO $WNGVKP ő$CICKOCPC RGTUKCRCP [CPI #PFC NCMWMCP WPVWM OGPIJCFCRK RGMCP RQTUGPKVCU UGMQNCJ MKVC!Œ -GVWC 15+5 ő$CP[CM JCN [CPI MCOK NCMWMCP 5CNCJ UCVWP[C OGPFCVC UKUYC UKUYC FCTK MGNCU Ō [CPI DGTRTGUVCUK FK DKFCPI UGPK MJWUWUP[C WPVWM OGPIKUK CECTC FK RGPVCU UGPK Œ -CNKOCV [CPI FKWECRMCP MGVWC 15+5 DKNC FKPCTCUKMCP OGPLCFK ŗ C $CP[CM JCN [CPI FKNCMWMCP MGVWC 15+5 FCNCO TCPIMC OGP[CODWV RQTUGPKVCU 5/2P[C #PVCTC NCKP FGPICP OGORGTUKCRMCP UKUYC DGTRTGUVCUK D -GVWC 15+5 DGIKVW RGPWJ TGPECPC FCP VCMVKM +PK FKDWMVKMCP RCFC MGUKCRCPP[C FCNCO RQTUGPKVCU [CPI FKVCP[CMCP QNGJ VKO DWNNGVKP E -GVWC 15+5 VGNCJ OGPFCVC UKUYC UKUYC FCTK MGNCU Ō [CPI DGTRTGUVCUK FK DKFCPI UGPK WPVWM OGPIKUK RGPVCU UGPK RCFC RQTUGPKVCU FK UGMQNCJ F 2GTUKCRCP #PFC WPVWM OGPIJCFCRK RGECP RQTUGPKVCU UGMQNCJ CFCNCJ FGPICP OGPFCHVCT UKUYC UKUYC DGTRTGUVCUK FK DKFCPI UGPK WPVWM OGPIKUK CECTC

8ML .RPSHWHQVL 6HPHVWHU

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

213

2GTJCVKMCP OGOQ DGTKMWV FGPICP UCMUCOC &CTK 2GODKPC 15+5 7PVWM -GVWC 15+5 6QNQPI FCHVCT CPIIQVC 15+5 [CPI DGTOKPCV OGPIKMWVK UVWFK DCPFKPI FCP UKCRMCP VGU WPVWM OGTGMC VGTKOC MCUKJ ; 0WITQJQ +UK OGOQ FK CVCU CFCNCJ Å— C -GVWC 15+5 FKUWTWJ 2GODKPC 15+5 WPVWM OGPFCHVCT CPIIQVCP[C CICT OGPIKMWVK UVWFK DCPFKPI FCP KMWV VGU UGNGMUK D 2GODKPC 15+5 OGOKPVC -GVWC 15+5 OGPFCHVCT CPIIQVC 15+5 [CPI DGTOKPCV OGPIKMWVK UVWFK DCPFKPI FCP OGORGTUKCRMCP VGUP[C E 2GODKPC 15+5 OGOQJQP -GVWC 15+5 WPVWM OGPIGVGU CPIIQVC [CPI OGPIKPIKPMCP UVWFK DCPFKPI F -GVWC 15+5 OGPQNQPI 2GODKPC 15+5 OGPFCHVCT FCP OGORGTUKCRMCP VGU WPVWM UKUYC [CPI JGPFCM KMWV UVWFK DCPFKPI 2GTJCVKMCP PCTCUK DGTKMWV #[CJ OGPFCFCM OGPFCRCV VWICU FCTK MCPVQT WPVWM RGTIK MG MCPVQT ECDCPI FK 5CNCVKIC #[CJ JCTWU DGTCPIMCV UKCPI KPK LWIC -WPEK TWOCJ [CPI FKOKNKMK MGNWCTIC 2CODWFK JCP[C UCVW &K TWOCJ VKFCM CFC QTCPI #[CJ OGOKNKMK KFG WPVWM OGPKVKRMCP MWPEK MGRCFC VGVCPIIC OGTGMC 2CM $CPW #[CJ CMCP RWNCPI 5GPKP UKCPI $GTFCUCTMCP PCTCUK FK CVCU OGOQ [CPI VGRCV CFCNCJ Å— C &CTK #[CJ 7PVWM +DW FCP #TPK #[CJ MG MCPVQT ECDCPI 5CNCVKIC 2WNCPI 5GPKP UKCPI -WPEK TWOCJ FK 2CM $CPW #[CJ D &CTK #[CJ 7PVWM +DW FCP #TPK #[CJ OGPFCRCV VWICU OGPFCFCM MG MCPVQT ECDCPI 5CNCVKIC #[CJ RWNCPI 5GPKP UKCPI -WPEK TWOCJ FKVKVKRMCP FK 2CM $CPW #[CJ E &CTK #[CJ 7PVWM +DW FCP #TPK +DW FCP #TPK VGTUC[CPI OCCH C[CJ MG 5CNCVKIC CFC VWICU FCTK $QU #[CJ RWNCPI 5GPKP UKCPI -WPEK TWOCJ FKVKVKRMCP FK 2CM $CPW #[CJ F &CTK #[CJ 7PVWM +DW FCP #TPK #UUCNCOWCNCKMWO KDW FCP #TPK C[CJ RWNCPI JCTK 5GPKP UKCPI 1J [C C[CJ MG 5CNCVKIC #FC VWICU OGPFCFCM FCTK RKORKPCP C[CJ -WPEK FK 2CM $CPW [C #[CJ

8ML .RPSHWHQVL 6HPHVWHU

214

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

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Å— C RGPEGTECRCP D RGPINKJCVCP E RGPEKWOCP F RGTCUCCP 5WCUCPC RWKUK FK CVCU CFCNCJ Å— C MGIGODKTCCP D MGUGFKJCP

E MGRTKJCVKPCP

F MGDKUWCP

+UK RWKUK FK CVCU CFCNCJ Å— C NWMC UGQTCPI CPCM DGTWOWT FGNCRCP VCJWP [CPI LCVWJ FCTK UGNQMCP D VWLWJ NWMC #DFWTCJOCP (CK\ UCCV WNCPI VCJWP MG FGNCRCP E ICODCTCP PGICTC +PFQPGUKC [CPI RGPWJ MGVKFCMCFKNCP F PGICTC +PFQPGUKC [CPI RGPWJ NWMC MTKOKPCNKVCU FCP MGNWEWCP 2GUCP [CPI VGTUKTCV FCNCO RWKUK FK CVCU CFCNCJ Å— C 5GDCKMP[C +PFQPGUKC UGIGTC DGTDGPCJ FKTK UGDGNWO OCUWM FCNCO MGUGPIUCTCCP D *WMWO +PFQPGUKC JCTWU FKVGICMMCP VGTWVCOC WPVWM RCTC MQTWRUK E -GVKFCMCFKNCP JWMWO FK +PFQPGUKC OGODCYC NWMC FCP JCTWU FKOWUPCJMCP MG UGNQMCP F 5GDCKMP[C RCTC MQTWRVQT FKOCUWMMCP MG UGNQMCP +PFQPGUKC

8ML .RPSHWHQVL 6HPHVWHU

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

215

2GTJCVKMCP FGPICP UCMUCOC RGVKMCP EGTRGP DGTKMWV /CNCO KVW FKPIKP FCP MGNCO $WNCP RWTPCOC OGOCPVWNMCP UKPCTP[C FGPICP KPFCJ OGPCODCJ KPFCJP[C OCNCO $GIKVW UWP[K UCORCK JCP[C UWCTC MWEKPI NKCT FCP P[CP[KCP LCPIMTKM [CPI VGTFGPICT FK VGNKPIC MCOK -COK DGTVKIC VKFWT DGTUCOC JCP[C FGPICP DGTCNCUMCP UCTWPI DGMCU [CPI VGNCJ WUCPI FK UGDWCJ TWOCJ MGEKN [CPI DGTCVCRMCP UGPI 4WOCJ MGEKN KVW MWOWJ PCOWP OGP[KORCP DGIKVW DCP[CM MGPCPICP UGNCOC VCJWP JKFWR MCOK DGTUCOC &K UCNCJ UCVW UWFWV FKPFKPI MC[W VGTRCLCPI UGDWCJ ICODCT DWCVCPMW OGPIICODCTMCP VKIC QTCPI CPCM UGFCPI DGTICPFGPICP FCP DGTP[CP[K TKCPI /GTGMC CFCNCJ MCOK &K VGPICJ MGJGPKPICP OCNCO $GFW OGODWMC RGODKECTCCP .CVCT VGORCV FCNCO MWVKRCP EGTRGP FK CVCU CFCNCJ Å— C LCNCPCP D TWOCJ MWOWJ E OCNCO UWP[K

F DWNCP RWTPCOC

2GTJCVKMCP FGPICP UCMUCOC RGVKMCP EGTRGP DGTKMWV -GGUQMCP JCTKP[C MCOK DGTVKIC DGTP[CP[K FK UGDWCJ RGTGORCVCP LCNCP 5CCV KVW LCNCPCP TCOCK FGPICP RGLCNCP MCMK VKFCM UGRGTVK DKCUCP[C *CVKMW UGTCUC CFC [CPI OGPIICPLCN #RCNCIK UGLCM RGTDKPECPICP OCNCO UGDGNWOP[C 5CODKN DGTOCKP IKVCT CMW OGNKJCV MG UGMKVCTMW -WNKJCV DGDGTCRC CPCM LCNCPCP [CPI OGOCPI FCTK FWNW UCPICV OGOWUWJK MCOK /GTGMC VKFCM OGP[WMCK MCOK MCTGPC MCOK VKFCM KPIKP DGTICDWPI FGPICP OGTGMC 6GPVW MCOK VKFCM OCW MCTGPC MGIKCVCP OGTGMC UGJCTK JCTKP[C CFCNCJ OGPEWTK 6GTMGUCP PCKH UGMCNK DCIK CPCM CPCM UGRGTVK MCOK VCRK KPKNCJ RKNKJCP [CPI MCOK LCNCPK -WRWVWUMCP WPVWM OGPIJKTCWMCP OGTGMC 5GRGTVKP[C JCTK KPK OGTGMC VKFCM CMCP OGPIICPIIW MCOK $GIKVW RKMKTMW UCCV KVW 6GTP[CVC FWICCPMW UCNCJ .CVCT FCNCO MWVKRCP EGTRGP [CPI OGPIICODCTMCP TGCNKVCU UQUKCN CFCNCJ Å— C UCODKN DGTOCKP IKVCT FCP OGNKJCV UGMKVCT D OGPIJKTCWMCP CPCM LCNCPCP [CPI NCKP E RGTGORCVCP LCNCP VGORCV RGPICOGP DGTP[CP[K F MGIKCVCP CPCM LCNCPCP NCKP CFCNCJ OGPECTK 2GTJCVKMCP FGPICP UCMUCOC RGVKMCP EGTRGP DGTKMWV -GVKMC MWVCP[C RTGUVCUKP[C FK UGMQNCJ FGPICP OCNW OCNW FKC OGPLCYCD Å’5GDGPGTP[C MGOCTGP .COJQV FKVWPLWM DWCV PICUKJ RKFCVQ RGTRKUCJCP DCPI 6CRK .COJQV IC LCFK MCTGPC .COJQV MCP IC UGMQNCJ NCIK Å’ 9CVCM VQMQJ .COJQV FCNCO MWVKRCP EGTRGP FK CVCU CFCNCJ Å— C RGOCNCU D RCPFCK E RGOCNW

F RGPFKCO

2CJCOK RWKUK DGTKMWV

*HODS PDODP PHPHOXNNX GLQJLQ 3XUQDPD WHUVHQ\XP PHPDQGDQJNX DQHK $NX WHUGLDP GDQ PHPELVX 7DN EHUJHUDN VHGLNLW SXQ 7DNXW KDZD VHPDNLQ GLQJLQ 2GPIKPFTCCP RCFC DCTKU RGTVCOC RWKUK FK CVCU CFCNCJ Å— C RGPEKWOCP D RGPINKJCVCP E RGPFGPICTCP

F RGTCUCCP

/CLCU [CPI VGTEGTOKP RCFC DCTKU MGFWC RWKUK FK CVCU CFCNCJ Å— C RGTUQPKHKMCUK D KTQPK E RGTWORCOCCP

F JKRGTDQNC

8ML .RPSHWHQVL 6HPHVWHU

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

216

++ -GTLCMCP UQCN UQCN DGTKMWV FGPICP LGNCU FCP VGRCV $WCVNCJ UGDWCJ FKCNQI OGNCNWK VGNGRQP CPVCTC MCOW FCP VGOCPOW &KCNQI KVW OGP[CVCMCP DCJYC RGTVCPFKPICP XQNK [CPI UGOWNC FKCFCMCP VCPIICN #IWUVWU FKWPFWT RCFC VCPIICN #IWUVWU )WPCMCP DCJCUC [CPI UCPVWP FCP MCNKOCV GHGMVKH

GHUDS ODQJNDK SDVXNDQ NXGD GLWHQJDK GHVLQJ SHOXUX WHUXV PDMX PHQ\HUEX PHQHUMDQJ SHUODZDQDQ 6GPVWMCP RGPIKPFTCCP [CPI VGTFCRCV RCFC RGPIICNCP RWKUK FK CVCU 6WNKU RWNC MCNKOCV RWKUK [CPI OGPEGTOKPMCP RGPIKPFTCCP VGTUGDWV $WCVNCJ UGDWCJ PCTCUK FKCNQI YCYCPECTC DGTKMWV KPK 6QOCU 5CTOKP 6QOCU 5CTOKP 6QOCU 5CTOKP

5GLCM MCRCP $CRCM OGPIIGNWVK WUCJC DWFK FC[C KMCP VWPC 2CM! 5GLCM VCJWP [CPI NCNW 5GDGNWO KPK #PFC OGPGMWPK WUCJC CRC! 5C[C OGPGMWPK WUCJC VCODCM WFCPI FCP UC[C ICICN ,CFK $CRCM OGOWNCK WUCJC KPK FCTK CYCN NCIK! ;C DGIKVWNCJ #NJCOFWNNKNCJ UC[C DGTJCUKN UGRGTVK KPK DGTMCV MGVGMWPCP FCP FQC UC[C

6WNKUNCJ UGDWCJ RWKUK [CPI DGTMGPCCP FGPICP MGKPFCJCP CNCO RGIWPWPICP $CECNCJ RGVKMCP EGTRGP DGTKMWV 9CPKVC UGVGPICJ DC[C KVW OGTGOCU TGOCU UGPFQM ICTRWP[C GPIICP OGPEKFWM PCUK OGPIGRWN FK FGRCP &K UGDGTCPI UGQTCPI UWCOK UGFCPI OGP[GTWRWV MQRK RCPCU LCVCJP[C RCIK KPK 5GTWRWVCP KVW P[CTKPI FK VGPICJ MGJGPKPICP FCRWT TWOCJ OGTGMC &WC VKIC MCNK MQRK OGPICNKT OCUWM OWNWV UK UWCOK CEWJ RCFC OCTCJ KUVTKP[C Å‘+VW DCTCPIMCNK MQRK VGTCMJKT MCOW /CU Å’ WECR UK KUVTK FKPIKP &K UGDGTCPI UK UWCOK MGTGRQVCP OGPIKRCUK UGTCICO MGTLCP[C [CPI VGTVWORCJK MQRK 6WORCJ MCTGPC VGTMGLWV OGPFGPICT PCUKDP[C GUQM JCTK VCPRC MQRK RCIK &GPICP DGTCV NCPIMCJ KC RGTIK WPVWM OGOWNCK MGTLC FK VGORCV NCKP OGUMK OCUKJ UGORCV OGNQPVCTMCP UCNCO RGPFGM Å‘&K ,QILC CPCM MKVC PWPIIW FWKV DWCV OCMCP /CU -CNCW MCOW PIICM FCRCVMCP CORNQRP[C NCIK DCICKOCPC! Å’ DGNWO JCDKU OCTCJ UK KUVTK UGRCPLCPI OGPGOCPK UWCOKP[C OCMCP RCIK +C DCPVKPI UGPFQM FK VCPICP MKTK MG NCPVCK OCMUWFP[C CICT UK UWCOK VCJW UGDGTCRC DGUCT KC RWP[C MGMGUCNCP C D

6GPVWMCP VQMQJ FCP YCVCM VQMQJ 6GPVWMCP NCVCT FCNCO EGTKVC

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

8ML .RPSHWHQVL 6HPHVWHU

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

217

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ōVTCPUHGT WCPI DC[CT NKUVTKM MCTVW MTGFKV DGNK RWNUCō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

6GPVW UC[C UCPICV DCPIIC 5KUYC VGTUGDWV JCTWU OGPFCRCVMCP RGPIJCTICCP [CPI UGVKPIIK VKPIIKP[C ,KMC RGTNW OGPFCRCV DKC[C UGMQNCJ ITCVKU *CN KPK MCTGPC UKUYC VGTUGDWV VGNCJ OGODCYC PCOC DCKM UGMQNCJ

2GYCYCPECTC 2CM #PFC OGPFGPICT DGTKVC FK VGNGXKUK VGPVCPI UKUYC RGOGPCPI QNKORKCFG HKUKMC VGVCRK VKFCM NWNWU 7LKCP 0CUKQPCN! #RC VCPIICRCP $CRCM!

8ML .RPSHWHQVL 6HPHVWHU

218 0CTCUWODGT

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs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

2GYCYCPECTC #TVKP[C UKUYC DGTRTGUVCUK KVW CFCNCJ VGTOCUWM UKUYC [CPI DGTWPVWPI [C 2CM! 0CTCUWODGT

$GPCT /CMC ,CFKNCJ UKUYC DGTRTGUVCUK 2TGUVCUK KVW UCPICV RGPVKPI

6GPVWMCP JCN RGPVKPI FCNCO RGVKMCP YCYCPECTC FK CVCU 0CTCUKMCP RGVKMCP YCYCPECTC FK CVCU UGECTC DGPCT

8ML .RPSHWHQVL 6HPHVWHU

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

219

GLOSARIUM amatir

: kegiatan yang dilakukan atas dasar kesenangan dan bukan untuk memperoleh nafkah, misalnya orang yang bermain musik, melukis, menari, bermain tinju, sebagai kesenangan.

ambang

: tingkat

berita

: cerita atau keterangan mengenai kejadian atau peristiwa yang hangat; kabar

biografi

: riwayat hidup seseorang yang ditulis oleh orang lain

bordes

: tangga untuk naik ke pintu kereta api

cerita

: karangan yang menuturkan perbuatan, pengalaman, atau penderitaan orang; kejadian dan sebagainya baik yang sungguh-sungguh terjadi maupun yang hanya rekaan belaka

degradasi devisa

: kemunduran, kemerosotan, penurunan : alat pembayaran luar negeri yang dapat ditukar dengan uang luar negeri

diagram

: gambaran (buram, sketsa) untuk memperlihatkan atau menerangkan sesuatu

dialog

: percakapan

domisili dongeng

: tempat tinggal resmi : cerita yang tidak benar-benar terjadi (terutama tentang kejadian zaman dulu yang aneh-aneh)

frustasi gaplek

: rasa kecewa akibat kegagalan di dalam mengerjakan sesuatu atau akibat tidak berhasil dalam mencapai suatu cita-cita : ubi kayu yang telah dikupas dan dikeringkan

hipnotis

: membuat orang berada dalam keadaan seperti tidur karena sugesti

indikator inovasi

: sesuatu yang dapat memberikan petunjuk atau keterangan : penemuan baru yang berbeda dari yang sudah ada atau yang sudah dikenal sebelumnya (gagasan, metode, atau alat)

kalimat

: satuan bahasa yang secara relatif berdiri sendiri, mempunyai pola intonasi final dan secara aktual ataupun potensial terdiri atas klausa : buku yang memuat kumpulan istilah atau nama yang disusun menurut abjad beserta penjelasan tentang makna dan pemakaiannya

kamus kawah kinesik

: bagian puncak gunung berapi yang dilewati bahan letusan berbentuk lekukan besar : ilmu tentang pemakaian gerak tubuh, tangan, muka, dan sebagainya sebagai bagian dari proses komunikasi

kolumnis

: orang yang secara tetap menulis artikel di koran atau majalah

komentar

: ulasan atau tanggapan atas berita, pidato (untuk menerangkan atau menjelaskan)

kompetisi

: persaingan

komunikasi

: pengiriman dan penerimaan pesan atau berita antara dua orang atau lebih sehingga pesan yang dimaksud dapat dipahami; perhubungan

konfigurasi

: bentuk; wujud

konkret

: benar-benar ada

kontribusi

: sumbangan

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Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs

misi

: tugas yang dirasakan orang sebagai suatu kewajiban untuk melakukannya demi agama, ideologi, patriotisme, dan sebagainya

motivasi

: dorongan yang timbul dari diri seseorang secara sadar atau tidak sadar untuk melakukan suatu tindakan dengan tujuan tertentu

natural objek

: alamiah : hal, perkara, atau orang yang menjadi pokok pembicaraan

panorama

: pemandangan alam yang bebas dan luas

pantun

: bentuk puisi Indonesia (Melayu), tiap bait biasanya terdiri atas 4 baris yang bersajak a-b-a-b, tiap larik biasanya terdiri atas 4 kata, baris pertama dan baris kedua biasanya untuk tumpuan sajak dan baris ketiga dan keempat merupakan isi

paragraf pendapat

: bagian bab dalam suatu karangan (biasanya mengandung satu ide pokok dan penulisannya dimulai dengan garis baru); alinea : kesimpulan sesudah mempertimbangkan, menyelidiki, dan lain sebagainya

peraga

: alat media pembelajaran untuk memperagakan sajian pembelajaran

pesan

: amanat

prioritas profesi

: yang didahulukan dan diutamakan dari pada yang lain : bidang pekerjaan yang dilandasi pendidikan keahlian

profil

: ikhtisar yang memberikan fakta tentang hal-hal khusus

register ronde

: buku catatan atau daftar yang disusun secara bersistem dan menurut abjad : babak pada pertandingan tinju

spontan

: serta-merta

stalagtit

: batangan kapur yang terdapat pada langit-langit gua dengan ujung meruncing ke bawah : orang yang memberi pengarahan dan bertanggung jawab terhadap atas masalah artistik dan teknis dalam pementasan drama, pembuatan film

sutradara target

: sasaran yang telah ditetapkan untuk dicapai

teoretis

: menurut teori

tiwul

: penganan yang dibuat dari tepung gaplek, diberi gula sedikit, kemudian dikukus, dapat dimakan bersama kelapa parut yang telah diberi garam sedikit

transisi

: peralihan dari keadaan

turnamen ultimatum

: pertandingan yang diikuti oleh beberapa regu : peringatan atau tuntutan yang terakhir dengan diberi batas waktu untuk menjawabnya

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

INDEKS Amatir 175 Ambang 155 Bordes 180 Degradasi 4 Devisa 5 Domisili 176 Eksis 4 Frustasi 157 Gaplek 181 Handytalky 185 Hipnotis 175 Karier 124 Kolumnis 124 Kompetisi 3, 5 Komunikasi 179 Konfigurasi 97 Konkret 4 Kontribusi 4, 6 Milis 111 Misi 14 Motivasi 111, 112, 115 Natural 176 Objek 47,54 Olimpiade 3, 4,5,6 Panorama 52 Pelaminan 185 Peraga 81,83,85,96 Performa 157 Prioritas 8 Profesi 125, 127, 129,132 Profil 136,137 Register 97 Ronde 3,5 Souvenir 47 Spontan 118,120 Stalagtit 47 Sutradara 137 Target 157 Teoretis 8 Tiwul 181,182,184 Tour 52 Transisi 156 Trekking 52,53 Turnamen 160,166 Ultimatum 14

221

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Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs

DAFTAR GAMBAR Gambar 1.1. Kihajar Dewantara, swaramuslim.com/, halaman 1. Gambar 1.2. Headline News Metro TV, bluearticuno.blgsome. com/, halaman 3. Gambar 1.3. Peserta WIZMIC Foto Bersama, India 2007, http://financemanila. Net, halaman 3. Gambar 1.4. Buyung, Tunanetra berprestasi sedang membuka rekening di BRI Payakumbuh, Sumatera Barat, www. Kickandi.com/, halaman 7. Gambar 1.5. Bung Tomo sedang berorasi, http://riokrismawan.wordpress.com/, halaman 14. Gambar 2.1. Kawah Gunung Berapi yang menyembur keluar, http// www. Dephut. Go.id, halaman 25. Gambar 2.2. Kawah Gunung PAtuha, http://images.geogle. Co.id halaman 33. Gambar 3.1. Peta Pariwisata Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, http://www� bakosurtanal. Go.id/, halaman 45. Gambar 3.2. Air Terjun Bantimurung, http: www: sulsel. Go. Id/tips pariwisata tips, halaman 47. Gambar 3.3. Salah satu kelompok peserta lomba parade tari, halaman 50. Gambar 3.4 . Sunrise dari Puncak Bukit Tugel, http://nezco.wordpress.com/2007, halaman 52. Gambar 3.5. Salah satu Bangunan Candi Boko, halaman 52. Gambar 4.1. Lingkungan Alam yang Terjaga, halaman 61. Gambar 5.1. Siswa Kelas 7B SMP Muhammadiyah 2 Depok sedang belajar di kelas, halaman 81. Gambar 6.1. Dokter sedang Melakukan Proses Operasi, http://joyokusumo. files.wordpress.com/2007/08/mama-gia-operasi.jpg, halaman 109. Gambar 7.1. Juara Umum Lomba Matematika Himadikmatika Tahun 2002, Sumber: http://picasaweb.google.com/smpdasus/DasusPrestasi, halaman 135. Gambar 8.1. Berlatih Bulutangkis, Sumber: www.bulutangkis.com/mod.php, halaman 153. Gambar 9.1. Kesenian Reog Ponorogo, com/2007, halaman 173.

Sumber:

http://risko12057054.files.wordpress.-

Gambar 10.1. Pasar Terapung, Sumber: http://www.pasar-indonesia.ch/index, halaman 195.

Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.

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