february-2010

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February 2010

Editor’s Corner 3

Pongal Ponderings There are only two ways to live your life. The first as though nothing is a miracle; and the second, as though everything is a miracle.—Albert Einstein Pongal (January 14 or 15) makes me nostalgic. I still recall the traditional Pongal celebrations at home when I was a young girl. My grandmother reverentially blended rice, lentils, jaggery, and rich creamy milk in a brass urn that was a family heirloom (today I still use it for this special occasion and the rest of the days it is an antique on display!). My brother and I gathered in the kitchen, and when the frothy concoction rose like a spew of lava and formed a foamy rim around the mouth of the urn, we enthusiastically chanted ‘Pongalo Pongal!’ (Let the Pongal boil over!) We then scampered away like sure footed squirrels only to return ravenously hungry to tuck in the pongal—it tasted like ambrosia! My favourite in the serial festivities was and still continues to be the third day. A quaint little ceremony called kanu marked this occasion. The women prepared five varieties of colored rice (made from left over rice including the sweet pongal) as an offering to birds. We unfurled elongated turmeric leaves, knotted in the end with bunches of turmeric, and shaped the rice into balls. The platter looked so inviting and colourful! I furtively checked whether the birds responded to our initiation, and sure enough, always spotted a flock! The symbolism of the occasion—interdependence and living in harmony with Nature— still fascinates me. It also is symbolic of strengthening bonds between sisters and brothers. Almost 24 years back, the occasion just preceded my wedding. The house was overflowing with guests and we had an intergenerational kanu filled with song and dance that was even better than a Bollywood musical! Yet like its North Indian counterpart, the Rakhi festival, I wonder why only women engage in such welfare rituals for and on behalf of men? Pongal is symbolic of new beginnings. Its origins as a harvest festival centred on thanksgiving, is still evident in rural South India. Our story on Jallikattu or taming of the bulls captures the spirit of fellowship and revelry that is traditionally associated with this festive season. This year, I directly experienced a solar eclipse (for the first time) just a day after Pongal. The reality was more entrancing than imagination and hearing about it from others and seeing images flashed on TV and newspaper. Give me a world of sensations, any time, over the intellect! Incidentally, our cover story on exploring a world of possibilities for children with autism, seeks to infuse this elusive element of hope and a different way of being and seeing that embraces the diversity that is humanity. The timing could not have been better. Nandini Murali

We welcome readers’ reactions to the magazine. Please send your comments to editor@timesofmadurai.org


Times of Madurai

4 Cover Story

Action for Autism For children with autism, a neurological condition, theatre based activities open a world of possibilities. The Autism Theatre Festival held recently in Madurai shows how to tap the latent talents and skills of children with autism. Because every child is unique and needs love, acceptance and space to be just themselves.

Alina Emrich with inputs by Charles Hatfield How do you reach out to children who are different? Like Abbas, Shravanthi, Kannabiran, Durgesh… kids who apparently look like any other children of their age. As children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), a neurobiological developmental condition, they are however, children first with the same needs, hopes, desires and aspirations like you and me.

A Child centered Festival On December 31, 2009, 15 children between the ages of 7- 22 years, stood boldly in front of the audience and introduced themselves. For Sam Marcus, 22, from Hyderabad, and Devashis Alreja, 19, from Mumbai,

Entering the Circle

Fun All the Way!

Elephant Walk

who sang their way to people’s hearts, it was What is autism? an introduction more Autism is a brain development disorder characterised by impaired eloquent than speech. social interaction and commuShortly thereafter, all nication, and by restricted and children lit the lamp to repetitive behaviour. It is the most inaugurate the Autism common condition in a group of Theatre Festival, which developmental disorders known was jointly organised by as Autism Spectrum Disorders Velvi (a Madurai-based (ASDs). registered trust for promoting Indian arts and culture) and the International Association of Theatre for Autism (IATA), which took place from December 31, 2009 to January 2, 2010 in Madurai.

The key elements of the workshop were fun and space for the children to be themselves and a “holiday” of sorts for parents who had accompanied them. The festival was a platform for children and parents to share their dreams, hopes, fears, and joys in a supportive environment outside a traditional therapeutic setting. The workshop was anchored by theatre professionals Dr. Parasuram Ramamoorthi (based in Madurai), Andrew Nelson, Autism Research Centre, Marshall University, West Virginia, USA; and Nikki Betcher

What are its symptoms?

There are three distinctive symptoms that characterise autism. Autistic children have difficulties with social interaction, problems with verbal and nonverbal communication, exhibit repetitive behaviours or narrow, obsessive interests. These can range in impact from mild to disabling. Symptoms gradually begin after the age of six months, become established by age two or three. At a young age, autistic children show less of attention to social stimuli, including a lack of eye contact, smiling, and responsiveness to their name. Older autistic children often lack social understanding, commonly communicating nonverbally. In fact about a third to a half of individuals with autism do not develop enough natural speech to meet their daily communication needs.


Cover Story 5

February 2010 Erickson, US-based freelance theatre and artiste, who works with people across a range of disabilities, including autism. “You are more important than what you do,” declared Dr. Parasuram Ramamoorthi, festival coordinator and applied arts practitioner. What was obvious was the total absence of pressure of any sort. Hence it was not unusual for kids not to do a particular activity if they did not feel like it, or even continue doing something if they so felt like it, such as eightyear-old Muhilan who expressed his joy with his energetic jumps!

What is Autism? Hidden Messages in the Eyes

Autism Spectrum Disorder (Greek autos-self) is a neurobiological developmental condition whose chief features include impairment in social interaction, communication skills, and adaptive functioning. In most cases, the individuals have average intelligence. What makes ASD particularly challenging to address is that most affected individuals look ‘normal,’ thus making the condition invisible. ASD manifests itself in early childhood, often before the child is three years and is four times more common in boys than girls. Isaac

biomedical approaches to treatment.

A Different Way of Being Thanks to a rights based approach in the disability sector, autism is now being viewed simply as a different way of being; another way of viewing the world; and not a disease or disorder to be ‘cured.’ Thus from disease to difference, the inclusive approach encourages people to accept and embrace neurodiversity (tolerance of people regardless of neurological wiring) in contrast to the earlier approach of a focus on neurotypicals (people not in the autism spec-

Causes?

Sam and Nikki-Rehersal in Progress

Newton, Mozart, and Albert Einstein are suspected to have been in the spectrum. Early diagnosis and intervention are key to better long term outcomes, although there are no

How is autism diagnosed?

Autism is often diagnosed by observance of its common symptoms. In other cases, neurologists or pediatricians often use a questionnaire or other screening instruments to gather information about a child’s development and behavior. Some screening instruments rely solely on parent observations; others rely on a combination of parent and doctor observations. If screening instruments indicate the possibility of autism, doctors will ask for a more comprehensive evaluation. Interestingly there is a ratio of 4:1 of boys to girls who have autism, and for every 150 children born, one has autism, a dramatic increase over the last twenty years.

Scientists are not certain what causes autism, but it’s likely that both genetics and environment play a role. Researchers have identified a number of genes associated with the disorder. In addition, studies of people with autism have found irregularities in several regions of the brain. These abnormalities suggest that autism could result from the disruption of normal brain development early in foetal development caused by defects in genes that control brain growth. trum). In recent years, a growing realisation for educational programmes and curricula that support children and adults with autism spectrum conditions has resulted in several arts based modalities, special education, and behavioural interventions to foster and nurture the skills and talents of people in the spectrum.

Arts as a Career Option “We are talking of arts as a medium of expression and a career option for people in the spectrum,” adds Dr. Ramamoorthi, co founder, ARTRAN (Applied Theatre Research and Autism Network), a virtual platform for special educators, social service workers, theatre professionals, therapists, and parents to share ideas and theatre based techniques


Times of Madurai

6 Cover Story in dealing with the baffling condition. Dr Ramamoorthi uses the term drama in the generic Indian way to include music, painting, dance, and movement. Until recently, it was wrongly believed that people in the spectrum were incapable of artistic sensitivity and did not have imagination. But a lot has changed. Closer home, we have talented people in the spectrum. For example, Chennai-based novelist Krishna Narayan, and Mumbai-based painter Orko Roy who are in the spectrum. Dr. Valerie Paradiz, US-based-writer, and a person with autism, who also has a son in the spectrum, has written a book Elijah’s Cup, a memoir of her struggles of being a mother with a son in the spectrum. She has pioneered the concept of Integrated Self discovery that helps professionals and family members to provide children and adults with ASD with safe forums for self-discovery, structured learning activities and a complete understanding of the condition. “The autism community has witnessed an extra surge in theatre arts programmes for kids with spectrum conditions,” says Paradiz.

Autism in Popular Culture

Autism is portrayed in several prominent films, such as Rain Man, Forrest Gump, and Mozart and The Whale. Notably Albert Einstein, Bill Gates, Beethoven, Isaac Newton, Henry Ford and Van Gogh have all been speculated to have forms of autism. Autism plays a central part in certain novels as well, such as the critically acclaimed The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-time, by Mark Haddon. The story centres around Christopher Boone, a fifteen-year-old who has Asperger Syndrome (a form of autism). After discovering a murdered dog in his garden investigates the incident, leading to him having to overcome his Aspergers to solve the mystery. Autism also plays a role in Margaret Atwood’s Oryx and Crake. One of the main characters, ‘Crake’, studies at ‘Asperger’s U’ and his autism, makes him stand above others, and gains him reward in a world where his specific intelligence is celebrated. At the workshop, participants went through several theatre based activities such as body sculpting, body awareness, use of masks, sounds, storytelling, painting, and experiential games such as trust walk (sensory integration of the seven senses), human machine (to foster team building), and bamboozle (to match tone of voice with appropriate emotions such as fear, anger, sadness, and joy).

Unmasking Emotions The session on facial mask painting was inspiring and touching. Sitting face to face, Kannabiran, 7, and his mother Sumathi streaked each other’s faces with water colours. During the 15-minute facial mask painting, Kannabiran made eye contact with his mother for an uninterrupted 27 seconds as he traced the contours of her face.

All about Balance

Treatment

There is no cure for autism. Therapies and behavioural interventions are designed to remedy specific symptoms and can bring about substantial improvement. The ideal treatment plan coordinates therapies and interventions that target the core symptoms of autism: impaired social interaction, problems with verbal and nonverbal communication, and obsessive or repetitive routines and interests. Most professionals agree that the earlier the intervention, the better. In some cases, medication such as anti-depressants, or stimulants, is prescribed to address certain symptoms, although alternative therapies, such as art, and theatre workshops, such as one in Madurai earlier this year, prove popular. Treatment is typically tailored to the particular child’s needs.

“For the first time my son looked at me in the eye. It helped us to bond with each other. Later in the day he noticed that my pottu (sticker on the centre of the forehead) was missing and put it back,” says Sumathi Velavan, deeply touched by her son’s unusual gesture. While for most people, making eye contact is a natural response, for Kannabiran, a child with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD); it is simply not part of his communication pattern. Unlike most children who pick up such skills instinctually Kannabiran must be “explicitly taught” such skills. “The human face is naturally expressive. Speech alone is not communication. Eye contact and bodily expressions are vital. People with ASD have difficulty in reading and understanding facial expressions. The mask improves eye contact by 70 percent, so central to communication,” says Dr Ramamoorthi. According to him, the eye holes in the mask promote focused interaction by shutting out peripheral vision. The fancier the mask- the use of bright colours and


Cover Story 7

February 2010 animal faces—the easier it is to engage the child’s attention. A pioneer in using facial masks to foster social and communicative skills in people in the spectrum, Dr Ramamoorthi facilitated a session in which parents and children interacted using animal facial masks. With innovations such as improvised storytelling and the use of appropriate sounds (soundscapes) they co-created “jungle” stories that grabbed the children’s attention and interest. According to Dr Ramamoorthi, human communication is based on sounds and theatre-based activities such as soundscapes, use variations in tones to communicate a range of emotions such as joy, fear, and sadness. Dr Ramamoorthi recalls that his interest in autism began in 2003 when he was teaching at the University of East Anglia, UK. At a theatre workshop at a typical school he found that one boy was not responding to theatre games. Later he came to know he had autism, the first time he had heard the word. The same year he went to Straisund Klinikum in Germany for a workshop on managing fear. The director of the institute requested him to work with people with autism in his institute. “I observed them for a week. The main issue was lack of communication and personal bonding. They had no eye contact with the persons who were communicating with them. It dawned on me that mask might help. The mask was first used in 2004 in Germany to improve eye contact and thereby communication. Since then the mask grew in several dimensions,” explains Dr Ramamoorthi.

Fostering Social Skills through theatre Social interaction is important for meaningful social experiences. The dramatic arts are particularly useful to foster social skills in people with autism who have compromised social skills. Drama for autism is the conscious and intentional use of drama for helping children and adults with

We Shall Overcome...

ASD. They facilitate communication and socialisation, and also help to identify talents and provide a space to discover and explore their skills. “Theatre based activities are fun and provide a perfect forum for playing and discovering in a structured way. There is safe touch, safe human interaction and creative expression. In each activity we try to spice in specific skills that support people with autism. These people struggle to produce non verbal behaviour of the eye brows and cheek muscles, things you and I take for granted. We are trying to give them an emotion to connect with an actual physical and vocal response,” says Andrew Nelson who is the author of Social Skills for Aspergers. According to Nelson other theatre based features such as the open mindedness of theatre artists and the environment of comfort and acceptance are important in creating a successful intervention programme. It provides a safe and supportive space for participants to “rehearse” responses that ultimately transfer to every day situations. “Acting involves non verbal expression, gestures, empathy, team work, and fitting in socially with the team. All those things we learned as an actor are what kids with autism need help with,” says Andrew Nelson, who co-founded ARTRAN.

• • • • • • • Play it Again, Sam!

Facts:

Autism now affects 1 in 110 children and 1 in 70 boys Autism prevalence figures are growing More children will be diagnosed with autism this year than with AIDS, diabetes and cancer combined Autism is one of the fastest-growing serious develop mental disabilities in the world. Boys are four times more likely than girls to have autism There is no cure for autism Cost of lifelong care can be reduced by two thirds with early diagnosis and intervention. Most common symptom is lack of social responsive ness, and awareness.


Times of Madurai

8 People “Anthropologist on Mars” A person with autism is as different from a neurotypical (a person who is not in the spectrum) as a cow is from a sheep. Temple Grandin, author and well known veterinary shelter designer, and a person in the spectrum, famously described being autistic as an “anthropologist on Mars.” Nikki Betcher Erickson, US‑based freelance theatre artist, agrees. “I cannot relate to algebra. If I live in an algebraic world it would be assisted living. We are not talking about curing autism; but through theatre‑based activities help them navigate a social world. Such activities are helpful because theatre benefits (such as interconnectedness and team work) and autism deficits match up,” says Nikki Betcher Erickson, who facilitated ‘rehearsed responses’ for people in the spectrum to help them gear up for a stage performance on the final day.

Rebuilding Lives Through Art The spotlight is on what people in the spectrum can do as opposed to what they cannot. The arts therefore act as tool of empowerment in rebuilding their lives with independence and dignity.

Magic Carpet

Like anyone else, he has honed his skills through years of practice, thanks to his supportive parents Annamma Marcus and Marcus Chacko (a musician himself) who spotted his talent even when he was just two years old! He has cleared six levels in the examinations conducted by the Trinity College of Music, London, this makes no concession for differently abled people. In another instance, Devasish Alreja, 19, learnt to use his voice as a singer, as he sang evergreen Hindi melodies and played on the keyboard, and 14‑year‑old Abbas surfaced as a painter.

A Magic Carpet “People with autism are natural artists. They have a fine sense of colour and keen observation. All they need is organisation and ordering; to redirect and give them a sense of focus. Their paintings are revealing as they portray their inner struggles and concerns,” says Shaheen Suvarna, Arts Educator and Principal, Asha Integrated School, Bengaluru. From the unusual start to the festival, with the people in the spectrum lighting the lamp, to the finale that included a performance by them, the workshop opened a world of endless possibilities, a Magic Carpet for people in the spectrum.

Baby Steps Forward...

Like anyone else, talent and hard work are essential. For instance, Sam Ashis Marcus, 22, from Hyderabad, is a promising singer and composer. He is also a skilled pianist and self-taught guitarist. Sam is no overnight wonder.

Sam Marcus’ inspired singing of the lyrics he set to music, Accept Me as I Am, is a clarion call for an inclusive world that embraces differences and accepts and honours diversity.

Alina Emrich, Frankfurt, Germany

For further details: Dr. P. Ramamoorthi, email: parasuram.ramamoorthi@gmail.com Mob. 94420 94771


February 2010

People 9

Whiz Kid Lavinashree Eight-year-old, Lavinashree Munisamy, set an incredible record, five years ago, by reciting more than 1300 couplets of the Thirukural, at the age of just three years. This child prodigy has breached another barrier by becoming the world’s youngest Microsoft Certified Professional, says Aimee Boos.

Elephantine Memory Even when Lavinashree Munisamy was just a toddler, she never ceased to amaze her parents. When Lavina was only a year old, her mother realised that she had an unusual memory. “She was always repeating sentences, even a week after we said it. That’s why I decided to encourage my child to develop Lavina: A Winner All the Way! her capacities. I started to teach her the English alphabet,” recalls Lavina’s mother. Thus, at the age of one year and a half Lavina knew the English alphabet, symbols of the Indian nation, and flags of different countries and their capitals. When her elder sister started to learn Thirukural at school, Lavina felt like learning them as well. Entirely self-motivated, at the age of three, Lavina was able to recite 1330 couplets of this Tamil classical poem, composed 2000 years ago. Her feat qualified her entry into the Limca Book of World Records (an equivalent to the Guinness Book of World Records), for 2005. This record remains unbroken till this day. In 2006, she won the National Child Award for Exceptional Achievement, conferred by the Government of India, for her incredible memory. These two awards are the most prominent among all the recognition she has received for her accomplishments. Lavina also demonstrated her incredible talent before several eminent people including former President of India, Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam. They met on August 28, 2004, during his visit to Madurai. He appreciated Lavina’s gift and blessed her for her outstanding performances and conferred commendation certificates. This meeting has had a significant influence on Lavina’s life, and her future plans. Impressed by the president’s achievements both as a scientist and an engineer, she too wants to pursue a career in these fields.

Little Computer Genius This is probably why Lavina decided to pass the Microsoft Certified Professional Examination, at the age of eight. “When our computer doesn’t work, she always know what to do, she resolves every problem. She also knows programs like Photoshop, Flash, Illustrator,” says her sister. In July 2008, Lavinashree became the youngest Microsoft Certified Professional in the world, by passing the Microsoft Certified Professional Prometric Examination, with a first class score of 842 out of 1000. She has set this new world record by breaking the earlier record set by one Pakistani girl, Arfa Karim Randhava at the age of ten years. In June 2009, Lavina passed the Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Environment Prometric Examination, normally taken only by adults, with high marks: 868 out of 1000. She is the only person in the world who has passed this examination at the age of nine.

Lavina and her sister, father, and mother.

Lavina goes to a ‘normal’ school- the TVS Lakshmi School (ISCE), Karuppayurani, Madurai, where she studies in class three. “I was really surprised by her extreme intelligence, and her ability to understand and memorise what she learns. It is even she who teaches me sometimes!” says her teacher John from HCL Computers. But this amazing little girl has other talents. Full of energy, she takes dance lessons, and was not hesitant to dance for us. Dressed in a red sequined dress, she was like a little princess on the centre stage of life. Needless to say that we were smitten... Aimee Boos, Limoges, France


Times of Madurai

10 Culture

Taming of the Bull Monica Chinsami

provides a ring side view of the popular spectator sport Jallikattu, which she says is definitely not for the faint hearted!

“Bullfighting is the only art in which the artist is in danger of death and in which the degree of brilliance in the performance is left to the fighter’s honor.” -- Ernest Hemingway (1899 - 1961) Festivity and celebration filled Alanganallur. The streets, pungent with the scent of bulls and lined with posters of M.K Alagiri, Union Minister for Chemicals and Fertilizers, greeted both locals and tourists. It was spectacular. Thousands crowded into the tightly packed arena, many arriving hours before to get a first glimpse.

A Symbol of Togetherness Everyone was there for the same reasons: either to commend the bravery of the men game enough to mount on the bull’s back, or to appreciate the hard work and skill of the bull owners who dedicate their lives to breeding ruthless beasts. Either way both the tourists and locals were given a pleasing performance. The gasps and cheers of the crowd, exceeding 1,500, demonstrated the emotions and togetherness Jallikattu enforces each year.

On the Horns of a Dilemma Jallikattu is one of the oldest existing sports in the modern times. Also known as “Manju Virattu,” meaning chasing the bull, Jallikattu is unlike other sports of its kind. Many compare this event to the Spanish bull fight. Jallikattu, however, is quite different. Unlike the Spanish counterpart, there is no intentional wounding of the animal. Jallikattu involves an interesting concept. Both parties involved in fact have conflicting objectives. The brave men aim to jump on the bull, and the owner of the bull trains his animal to overpower the wrath of the man and run towards both safety and

A Show of Strength.

victory. It is for this reason that Jallikattu is so intriguing to the foreign eye. Having heard of numerous deaths the previous year, I was quite fearful of what I would see. However as soon as I stepped into the tourist box an immediate rush of excitement fell upon me. The crowd was elated, many had looked forward to this event, and many feared the impending loss of lives.

Ban on Jallikattu In 2008 The Animal Welfare Board signed a petition in the hope of banning the practice of Jallikattu in Tamil Nadu. The petitions were filed on the grounds of cruelty against animals. Allegedly bull owners force feed the bulls with alcohol, and throw chilly power into their eyes in order to get them as ferocious as possible prior to the fight. The petition was taken to the Supreme Court.

Supreme Court Verdict

Gladiatorial Courage

Bull owners from around Tamil Nadu waited with great anticipation for the verdict. Banning Jallikattu would not just merely be the removal of a sport, but the removal of a significant aspect of the culture and history of Tamil Nadu. The Supreme Court, however, ruled that the sport would be permitted, with several significant restrictions. Now, bulls are tested by vet-


February 2010

Jallikkattu/Bull Fight 11 Taking the Bull by the Horns

erinarians prior to competing. If there are signs of alcohol abuse, or any other form of forced cruelty upon the animal, there is immediate disqualification. This year over one hundred participants were denied access into the competition.

In Anticipation Despite previous disputes, the 2010 Jallikattu celebrations did not even show even a glimpse of the past, only promising prospects for the future. There was a sense of unity amongst all individuals: from the busloads of tourists travelling from all over the world, to the locals who wait with patience for this event every year. I allowed myself a few moments to take in the magnificent display before me—the red sand, bamboo barricades, armed police and officials, men dressed in bright yellow t-shirts awaiting their crowning glory. The sun shone bright, and the over 1000 bulls awaited their chance to shine. Suddenly the crowd erupted. I looked around in bewilderment wondering what the fuss was about. M.K Alagiri, Union minister for Chemicals and Fertilizers had inaugurated the event-- Alanganullur Jallikattu 2010 had begun.

The first bull, black and painted bright red and purple, burst through the gates. Unleashing great speed, no man came close to mounting him. The owner followed the bull, he was passed his prize from the balcony—a silver pot. Waving his trophy in the air, he sprinted with all his might, clearing the way for the next beast to enter the arena... One brave soul leaped onto the back of a bull, as dark as night and decorated with coloured glitter. The crowd erupted. His friends lifted him onto their shoulders, and despite the fact that they were all searching for heroism, they still congratulated each other. The camaraderie among the men was certainly inspiring.

Not for the Faint Hearted Although, it is important to be aware that Jallikattu is not at all anything like playing in the sunshine with bulls. Bulls are ferocious animals; they instinctually tend to attack if they feel threatened. Jallikattu is a dangerous sport, definitely not for the faint hearted. During my stay in Alanganallur I witnessed two men get seriously injured and later learned they were admitted in hospital. People have perished. Men and even women and children in the audience have been seriously injured as a result of the Jallikattu event. Regardless, Jallikattu and Tamil Nadu go hand in hand. There are so many different cultures in the world which are different in all aspects. What is barbaric in one culture is common practice in another. Therefore we do not need to criticise, we need to embrace. Jallikattu is a spectacle, a world renowned event that Tamil Nadu should be proud of. My experiences in the 2010 Pongal festivities including the Jallikattu celebrations are an experience to cherish. Monica Chinsami, Melbourne, Australia.

Readers’ Respond... It is very refreshing to see TOM January issue with the colourful cover page and the article about Kadambavanam, a centre that strives to preserve Tamil tradition and Tamil Arts. I would like TOM to focus more on the tradition scenario in Madurai. The editorial seeking the readers to soar skywards… beyond the stars is a slogan that every human being may inscribe on the desk. I recommend that readers may find time to read Robert Frost’s Birches a lovely poem about soaring high. The editorial, crisp and well written, is my favourite piece along with the feature on Kadambavanam. I also enjoyed reading about wrist measurements. Great job, keep going!

There are a few writers in Madurai who write very well in Tamil. May be the next issue should feature one of them. Good to see qualitative improvement in photographs. Dr. P Ramamoorthi, theatre activist and poet, Madurai. I enjoyed the first issue of TOM and look forward to forthcoming ones too! Dr Peter Slowe, Director, Projects Abroad


Times of Madurai

12 Culture

It’s Show Time, Folks! Monica Chinsami witnesses a performance by the Great Indian Circus in Madurai, and also takes a peek into the lives and aspirations of the circus artistes. Every clown has his story, she says

I waited with anticipation for my first experience of an Indian circus. As the drums sounded in the circus arena, performers in bright red, yellow and blue burst through the curtains. They walked in unison while waving brightly coloured flags. Young children in the crowd were elated, and evidently in awe of the display.

Circus in India: Down the Ages India’s circus history dates back hundreds of years to Thalassery in Kannur district in Kerala. Thalassery, the birthplace of circus culture in India, accounts for 80 percent of Indian circus artistes. In addition, Keeleri Kanhikannan, a legend in circus history, was from Thalassery, giving the area more prestige and recognition in the history of Indian circus.

Decline of the Circus The circus culture in India has been steadily decreasing in popularity over the last five years. This decline is a result of a change in government regulation (in response to the lobbying by animal rights activists) which prohibits the use of lions, tigers and bears due to harassment while training, and also restricted recruiting procedures from areas such as Nepal.

Walking Tall

sight into the sort of training required for their work and also provided glimpses of their personal lives—how they became part of the Great Indian Circus team and the way the circus has changed their lives. Sanju, for example, is a motorcycle expert and gymnast from West Bengal. His father was in the circus, and at the age of sixteen Sanju too followed in his father’s footsteps. It took Sanju four years to complete his training. Now thirtytwo and an expert in the flying trapeze, Sanju still feels as passionate about his work. His wife is also a performer in the Great Indian Circus, and specialises in weightlifting. Yet Sanju is unwilling to push his children into the same field of work. “No, I wish for them to go to school and get an education,” he adds immediately. Regardless, Sanju enjoys what he does.

All the World Loves a Clown

A Fine Balance

A Performing Art Despite all this, the Great Indian Circus, a company based in Kerala, has been striving to keep the joy of circus alive in the hearts of the people of India. With a staff of over 135, the Great Indian Circus unfailingly pulls off a crowd pleasing performance. Complete with acrobats, clowns, gymnasts, cricket playing elephants, dancing dogs and death defying motorcycle tricks, the audience is able to experience and appreciate many facets of the artiste’s skills.

Behind the Scenes Speaking to many of the performers helped me to gain in-

Nineteen-year-old Ramesh is a comedian with the Great Indian Circus and he has a very interesting story. Vertically challenged, Ramesh provides much comic relief for the audience between breathtaking performances. Ramesh is originally from Bengaluru and joined the company at the tender age of ten. When Ramesh was ten years old his parents had taken him to the circus and he had loved every minute of the show. As he proceeded out of the arena with his parents, he was approached by the manager who asked if he would like to join. “At the start I said no, I did not want to join. But later my parents had forced me to join and now I am here. I love working in the circus,” Ramesh explains.

United by the Circus Radha and Deepak, married to each other, are both performers in the Great Indian Circus. Radha was introduced to circus at the age of ten. Originally from Punjab, Radha


February 2010

The Great Indian Circus 13

has trained and become an expert in performing cycling and motorcycle tricks. Deepak, also from Punjab, taught himself to play drums and is a trained trapeze artiste. The couple shares quite a nice love story. The owner of the circus actually introduced them to each other, and now they are both working together. They have two children, and like Sanju are certain that their children should not take up the same profession.

Parental Aspirations of Circus Artistes “We wish for them to go to school and get an education,” they say with parental aspiration. This seems a unanimous opinion among circus artistes who are parents. So where does this place circus in the lives of future generations? According to the Indian government regulation, a child under fourteen is not considered an artiste; they are labelled as child labourers. Therefore, children have to wait until their mid to late teens to acquire the skills necessary to perform in circus. By this time it is too late.

Institutionalising Circus as an Art Form What is necessary is a school for the development of circus artistes. Just last year such a school has been established in Kerala. This is a positive step. Now children in India who one day aspire to be circus performers have the same opportunities as children in Europe, where the circus culture is still thriving. Circus Maniacs School of Circus Arts in England, for example, trains children as little as three years. By their late teens these children are highly developed performers, ready to conquer not only the skill of performing, but also knowledge of the industry.

Versatile Circus Artiste Chandra One man who advocates the initiatives of the circus school in Kerala is Chandra, a former performer and now manager of the Great Indian Circus Company. Chandra’s story is unusual and inspirational. Sixty-four-year old Chandra tells of his many experiences in his career which stretches over three decades. Hanging in the air Performing for over ten different circus companies, Chandra has a deep understanding of the intricacies and complexities within the circus and also great insight into the reasons for the recent decline in popularity.

A Brush with Death Chandra cherishes every moment of his exciting career as a circus artiste. Formerly an expert trapeze artiste, stone lifter and performer of the infamous elephant trick, this veteran is a walking encyclopedia of circus lore. There have, however, been several risky moments—experiences that almost cost him his life.

The Show Begins

Chandra was known for his dare devil antics with elephants. After much training Chandra was able to hold the weight of an elephant on his chest, wowing crowds time and time again. On one occasion, however, the elephant keeper had not called the elephant off Chandra’s chest in time. Blood rushed to his head and clotted in his eyes, leaving Chandra blind for one week. Although Chandra had never performed that trick again, his name has lived on, and still to this day, those around him speak highly of his courage.

Circus: A Team Effort The Great Indian Circus has been touring Tamil Nadu for the last three years, spending ten months touring and two months shifting. The circus network involves more than just the performers. It is essential that every circus has a maintenance crew, animal keepers, accountants, canteen staff and an efficient management team to ensure the highest standards in performance. At this point in time, Indian Circus is a B grade circus. The circus system in India places each circus in one of the three categories: A, B or C. The grade is based upon the surface area of the circus, and the number of pipes used to hold the arena up. C grade circuses have between two to four pipes, B grade six pipes, and A grade eight pipes.

Circus in India and Abroad Having witnessed circus shows in other parts of the world, provided me the opportunity to compare my two experiences. Cirque du Soleil in Melbourne is world renowned for its professionalism and complex skills. In comparison, India’s standard of performance, is below that of Cirque du Soleil. This is due to various reasons. Cirque du Soleil receives funding from the government, recruits its performers from all over the world, and is also involved in a network which is more competitive than any thriving business. Even though circus art in India has faced many trials and tribulations, the Great Indian Circus is still painting smiles on the faces of children and adults in Madurai. I found it inspiring to hear the stories of the many artistes and performers. It is only now that I realise every clown has his own story! Monica Chinsami, Melbourne, Australia.


14 Weekend Wander

Times of Madurai

Rome: The Eternal City Rome is known as the “Eternal City”, and while that phrase derives from its spiritual associations, the first impression it makes on any visitor is likely to remain for the rest of his or her life. It has after all been the centre of European civilisation for 2,000 years, and the Romans are not about to let us forget it, says

Charles Hatfield.

St. Peter’s Basilica, Vatican City

Arrival After a long fourteen hours by train through the Alps, our train finally pulled in at Rome’s ‘Termini’ station. Blearyeyed we emerged into the bright sunshine and buzz of Rome in summer time. This remarkable city is one of my favourites, and I was lucky enough to spend three days there this summer, submerged in the sensual nature of the city – stunning sights, delicious tastes and smells, and incessant sounds of the main streets blended with the silence of the churches and back alleys.

empire continued to grow across Europe and North Africa, until it collapsed in 476 AD. From this point until 1866, rule of Rome often changed hands and was inconsistent and bloody, but the splendour of the city remained.

Rooted in Regional Identity The historical perspective is crucial to any account of Rome because the Romans themselves are deeply proud of their history, and its continuing reality in their day to day lives. All Italians are intensely regional in their affiliations – a Roman will be a Roman first and an Italian second just as a Venetian will be a Venetian first and a Neapolitan will give his principal loyalty to Naples. A Roman then will never forget that his city was for centuries the political capital of the Western World, and for a much longer period has been the centre of what is still the largest Christian community in the world. To a Roman, Romulus remains as much the father of the state, despite dating somewhat mythically 2,763 years ago, and is viewed in the same way as perhaps Gandhi or Nehru to modern day Indians. The expressions on the faces of a group of Romans when a friend of mine asked innocently, “Who was Romulus?” were almost comical in their incredulity.

A Tourist’s City

Coliseum, Rome’s famous amphitheatre

The Splendour of the Past This remarkable city is inextricably linked to its ancient and long standing history, which dates back to the mid 8th century BC, when according to legend Romulus founded the city after being brought up by a wolf. Rome was then ruled by kings until it became a republic in 510 BC, and then after the death of Julius Caesar, and the ensuing Battle of Actium, Rome was ruled by Emperors. Rome’s vast

The nature of its unique history, and well preserved architecture makes Rome very much a tourist’s city - it is crammed with sights, many of real historical and artistic significance: the Pantheon, the Spanish Steps, the Trevi fountain, the tomb of Hadrian rising like a drum from the Tiber, and the Victor Emmanuel monument dominating the city from its position on the Capitol. But the most significant sites to visit, and surely the most memorable, as well as my favourites, are the Forum and the Vatican.

Where the Ancient and Modern Coexist The Forum was the original market and meeting place of the city. As Rome grew to greatness so the Forum was extended


Weekend Wander15

February 2010 and re-built to hold eventually all the main buildings of state and government – the Senate House, the Well of the Comitia, where elections and popular votes were held, the law courts, the treasury and the major state temples. Today, except where reconstructed, all lies in romantic ruin – with an occasional recognisable edifice towering over the rubble. The most notable of these of course is the famous Coliseum built between 69-80 AD as the largest amphitheatre in the Roman Empire. The Coliseum could hold more than 50,000 spectators – easily comparable with modern football stadia, although dwarfed by the nearby Circus Maximus used for chariot racing which could hold a quarter of a million people. The Coliseum was the setting for the famous gladiator displays, sponsored at lavish and competitive expense by rival politicians, as well as for the execution of state criminals, such as the early Christian martyrs notoriously thrown to (rather reluctant) lions for the entertainment of the mob.

A Spiritual Nucleus One must also remember that Rome is also a religious centre. Pilgrims flock to St Peter’s basilica in the same way that pilgrims visit the Sri Meenakshi temple here in Madurai. When the Western Roman Empire collapsed the Popes (or Bishops of Rome) established secular rule as well as

Pope Benedict Penne (pasta) with vegetables and herbs

A Foodie’s Paradise I discovered, however, that there was much more to visiting Rome than just architecture. The Roman people are keen to assimilate you into their own relaxed way of life. For an Italian, food is everything and local food is all important. Romans will insist when entertaining you that you try their local dishes and you should be warned that there are a great many of them so try and havve as small a helping as possible if you are concerned about your waistline! The Romans are renowned for their anti-pasti (starters) which they serve in bewildering varieties – fish salads, baby octopus, fried zucchini flowers, and stuffed artichokes. It’s entirely possible to make a meal just out of the anti-pasti, and many in a hurry do just that, but a Roman with time on his hands will love to linger over his food with a string of succulent dishes – bacalao or fried cod, scottadini – shredded lamb traditionally eaten with one’s fingers and finishing perhaps with alpine strawberries or fragiolini (a liqueur). In addition to the alternatives to the historical sites, is a busy night scene, where most nights of the week bars will be packed out with locals and foreigners alike. Furthermore, one can take a train to the coast, and see the ancient Roman harbour at Ostia, or just relax on the beaches there, though these can be particularly busy in the summer.

spiritual leadership of the city, and this spiritual leadership was expanded to cover the whole of western and northern Europe (and later of much of America and other parts of the world) by a series of assertive and often militant popes. In the middle ages, the popes established their residence on the right bank of the Tiber in what today is the Vatican Palace and City, which is its own separate state to Italy. Modern and old, past and present go side by side, all the time. Whether you are interested in history or not, Rome is a cultural destination that ranks alongside any city in the world, literally with something for everyone to enjoy. Charles Hatfield, London, England


Times of Madurai

16 East Meets West

India: Rich in Senses… and Sensations! French national Marie Charlotte Cross, who spent six months in India, is overwhelmed by the sights and colours of India. She is particularly fascinated by the beauty of Indian women and argues that it should never be traded for the Western concept of fair is beautiful!

India is a rich country in all aspects. More so with respect to culture, its landscapes and in the diversity of people, regions and religions. Living in India has left its mark on me, especially by opening my senses to some of the most unusual sensory experiences.

The Smells of India In India, there are a variety of smells. They are an integral part of the life here and we eventually learn to tolerate, to distinguish and to appreciate them. The first smell, the most common, but also the hardest, especially when you first arrive in India: the organic waste material from decomposing animal or plants. These are part of the Indian landscape and are omnipresent. In India, what is surprising for Western people used to notions of ecology are the almost near non existence of bin cans and the notion of rubbish collection that is unknown in Indian vocabulary. The less said about recycling or about waste sorting the better! Brought up on European ecology, I have the habit of separating papers and cardboards containing food left over. In India, however, I had to eventually resign myself to keeping all my personal waste in a bag, waiting for a supernatural view of a bin! In the muggy tropical heat waste rots and the resulting smell makes you feel as if you are living in a dump! The cows and dogs don’t complain about it, they often find something to eat, especially in the towns where the open and green spaces are rare.

Smell of Fire The second smell, which is closely linked with the first, is the smell of the fire. Not the smell of wood fire when you are doing a barbecue; but rather the combustion of diverse elements, organic waste, plastics, and rubber tyres.

Aroma of Spices The third smell, and one that is sharply more agreeable, is

of spices. Nearing lunch or dinner, a smell subtly emerges and gradually becomes so strong that it tickles your nose and makes your stomach growl—the smell of typical sauces with vegetables and garnished with spices. A typical Indian meal usually consists of rice, chapathi, or parotha accompanied by this spicy preparation and sometimes with fish or chicken. It is delicious! The proportion of spices in the fluctuates according to the cook and initially my throat burnt, not used to such spicy concoctions. In general, however, Indians are thoughtful and decrease the spices when they serve “white” people. Along with a range of culinary aroma, the smell of the fried fish is rather common, especially in regions close to the sea. I adore the smell and it makes my mouth water. Everybody’s favourite, of course, is the masala tea or coffee. A pleasure to savour without moderation at any moment; the aroma is, itself, a pleasure. Cardamom, ginger and cinnamon are often used to flavour this piping hot drink loved by both tourists and the locals.

Subtle Fragrance of Coconut Oil A fourth smell, also very pleasant, is that of the coconut or rather coconut oil, well-known for its moisturising properties. It is customary for most Indian women to coat their long hair with coconut oil every morning. It is a subtle fragrance that is noticeable only when you are close by. For example, if you are seated next to a woman while travelling in a bus, and


February 2010

East Meets West 17

the wind plays with her hair just a little, your nose will notice one of the most elusive beauty secrets of Indian women …

draped and pleated around the body of the Indian girl).

The Odour of Sweat The fifth smell, and a rather annoying one, is that of perspiration. Yet I would rather gloss over this and let my senses be infused with the fragrance of the flowers which are so common with flower sellers who dot pavements, and streets, and brighten the hairstyles of Indian women.

The third criterion is to wear gold jewels, or plastic/ glass bangles. Jewels are an indicator of social status in India. An Indian man even asked me why I did not wear jewels! In another instance, an Indian was surprised that I was wearing silver earrings and nothing golden yellow. He was amazed when I told him that I preferred the silver or white gold than yellow gold! For an Indian woman, jasmine flowers strung closely together complete her adornment.

The Colours of India Yes, the Indian girl is very coquettish and her beauty criteria are rather strict: long hair coated with oil that imparts a lustrous look, and braided gracefully to snake down the back. The second criterion is the traditional clothes: Churidhar (long and light pants with a long tunic with short sleeves, this one embellished by a stole on the neckline and which falls on every shoulder) or sari (six metres of fabric skilfully

When I arrived in India, my eyes were mesmerised by the rich colours: the redness of the ground in Kerala, the green of its luxuriant vegetation, the ochre of the dry ground in the Tamil Nadu and the radiant and imperturbable blue of the sky … In addition, the matt or diverse brilliant colours of the women’s saris and churidhars contrast magnificently with their brown skin. As a “white,” I tend to rather feel flat in comparison. Nevertheless, the majority of advertising hoardings and on TV expose very clear skins, and even products aimed at the whitening of the skin. Yet I wonder if mindless globalisation and the resulting consumerism is making people blindly ape the West. Why can’t Indian women retain their distinctiveness and identity instead of aspiring to look like their White counterparts? Why is beauty equated only with fairness? Can’t brown or black be gorgeous too? The sublime brown Indian skin, symbol of the Indian beauty, agreeing divinely with the bright colours of the country, is another facet of Truth, Goodness, and Beauty.

Quotes Hallow the body as a temple to comeliness and sanctify the heart as a sacrifice to love; love recompenses the adorers. -Kahlil Gibran ‘If everyone demanded peace instead of another television set, then there’d be peace.’ ‘If someone thinks that love and peace is a cliché that must have been left behind in the Sixties, that’s his problem. Love and peace are eternal’ ‘It doesn’t matter how long my hair is or what color my skin is or whether I’m a woman or a man’ -John Lennon

Marie-Charlotte Cros, France

“In every man’s heart there is a secret nerve that answers to the vibrations of beauty” -James Matthew Barrie I met in the street a very poor young man who was in love. His hat was old, his coat worn, his cloak was out at the elbows, the water passed through his shoes, - and the stars through his soul. -Victor Hugo (1802-85) French poet, dramatist, writer, The Hunchback of Notre Dame


Times of Madurai

18 Old is Gold

Small is Beautiful “There are a few stories which in some way, in some degree, change the world forever for their readers. This is one,” says the blurb of the book. An overview of The Little Prince, a modern fable, just 166 pages, that’s the most widely translated book after the Bible Title: The Little Prince Author: Antoine de Saint-Exupery. Language: French Translator: Katherine Woods (English)

“I always liked the desert. We sit down on a sand dune. We see nothing. We hear nothing. And however something shines silently …” The Little Prince The novelette The Little Prince is a French classic by Antoine de Saint-Exupery. It is a poetic and philosophic story disguised as a tale for children. It was published in 1943 in New York in two versions, one in French and one in English. It’s a charming story about a little prince who falls to earth from Asteroid B-612. What kind of little prince is he? He’s a lonely little prince. He’s in need of a friend, and so he sets off on a journey across the planet to see who he can find.

Life as a Journey The book is a story about the quest for knowledge: the prince who tries to glean some essential truths, and the narrator who regains his sense of child like wonder and imagination. Although a deceptively simple story, the novelette addresses major social concerns. Through the two main characters—the little prince and the narrator, the reader is able to understand the constant interplay between the adult and child worlds, and the narrator’s ultimate realisation to discover, and reclaim and integrate his inner child. The sparse narration is a conversation between the narrator, an airline pilot, who crash lands in the Sahara Desert, and the Little Prince, a resident of an asteroid, whom he suddenly meets in the desert. The book is dedicated to Leon Werth. The author apologises for dedicating his book to a grown-up, even if he is his best friend and concludes that this book is dedicated to the child who was Leon Werth. One of the most attractive features in the book is its imaginative drawings which complement the writing.

A Meaningful Encounter The story begins when the narrator, an airline pilot, makes

an emergency landing in the middle of the desert because of an engine failure. His water reserves are almost gone and he has to quickly set right his machine all by himself. He falls asleep at night and in the morning, is woken up by a childish voice. He is in the middle of nowhere and a young boy who has the look of a prince and the head basking in golden glow speaks to him with a normal and peaceful tone: “Please, draw me a sheep!” The life of the little prince is influenced by several interesting characters. There’s the absolute monarch, the conceited individual, the drunkard, and the businessman. They are all too wrapped up in their own affairs to consider being the little prince’s friend: ‘What are you doing here?’ he said to the drunkard whom he found sitting silently in front of a collection of bottles, some empty and some full. ‘I am drinking,’ answered the drunkard lugubriously. ‘Why are you drinking?’ the little prince asked. ‘In order to forget,’ replied the drunkard. ‘To forget what?’ enquired the little prince, who was already feeling sorry for him. ‘To forget that I am ashamed,’ the drunkard confessed, hanging his head. ‘Ashamed of what?’ asked the little prince who wanted to help him. ‘Ashamed of drinking!’ concluded the drunkard, withdrawing into total silence. And the little prince went away, puzzled. ‘Grown-ups really are very, very odd,’ he said to himself as he continued his journey.


February 2010

Old is Gold 19

Learning to See with the Heart But the prince meets a very special kind of grown-up when he finally lands on planet earth. Right in the middle of the desert is Antoine de Saint-Exupery who has crashlanded in his aeroplane. They seem to understand each other right away, as much from what isn’t said as from what is said. They don’t have very long together, for each of them must go back home in his own way. Antoine de Saint-Exupery can mend his aeroplane, but the little prince’s home is much further away. He cannot take his body back with him. It is much too heavy. He finds his own way to travel back home with the help of the snake. But before the prince and the airman part they learn to share a lot of simple joys together, like the pleasure of looking at a single flower, or taking a drink of water when you are really thirsty:

Guided by the fragility and the innocence of the little prince, the author eventually discovers a well in the desert: “ What embellishes the desert, says the Little Prince, it is that it hides a well somewhere. “ The wisdom and innocence of the little prince is deeply reflective. Are we not children wandering in an adults’ world? The simple and profound wisdom of a child indeed is a refreshing contrast to the complexity of the human world that even they no longer understand. Are you sometimes nostalgic for the wonderful world we left behind as children? In that case, you will love The Little Prince! Marie-Charlotte Cros, Toulouse, France

‘The men where you live,’ said the little prince, ‘grow five thousand roses in the same garden ... and they do not find what they are looking for ...’ ‘They do not find it,’ I replied. ‘And yet, what they are looking for could be found in a single rose or in a little water.’ ‘Yes, indeed,’ I replied. And the little prince added: ‘But the eyes are blind. One must look with the heart.”

THE PENCIL PARABLE

In the begining, the Pencil Maker spoke to the pencil saying, “There are five things you need to know before I send you out into the world. Always remember them and you will become the best pencil you can be.”

Third:

First:

Four:

You will be able to do many great things, But only if you allow yourself to be held in someone’s hand.

The most important part of you will always be what’s inside.

Second: You will experience a painful sharpening from time to time, but this is required if you are to become a better pencil.

You have the ability to correct any mistakes you might make.

Five: No matter what the condition, you must continue to write. You must always leave a clear, legible mark, no matter how difficult the situation. The pencil understood, promising to remember, and went into the box fully understanding its Maker’s purpose.


Times of Madurai

20 Film Review

When the Stakes are High Title: State of Play Directed by: Kevin Macdonald (USA) Cast: Russel Crowe, Ben Affleck, Rachel McAdams, Robin Wright Penn, Jason Bateman, Jeff Daniels, Helen Mirren Length: 2h07 Genre: Thriller "You know, in the middle of all this gossip and speculation that permeates people's lives I still think they know the difference between real news and bullshit and they are glad when someone cares enough to get things on the record and print the truth." Cal

McAffrey, State of Play State of Play is a thriller about Stephen Collins, an American who presides over a committee which supervises defence budget spending. He represents the future of his party, and could one day become his country’s leader. But after the death of his young assistant in mysterious circumstances, certain secrets come to light… Collins’ long time friend, Cal McAffrey, a gruff journalist, has to investigate the case, with young journalist Della Frye in tow. The pair tries to discover the murderer’s identity, and unveil a well concealed operation, that poses a threat to the entire basis of the state’s power. This story was earlier made into a television series in England in 2003.

A Web of Relationships Director Kevin MacDonald, with greater resources at his disposal than previous directors, creates a breathless thriller. The focus is a police investigation, closely trailed by the two journalists. The storyline is effective, and well portrayed. Whilst action is not the main strength of the film, the movie doesn’t have any quiet moments. The audience is captivated from the beginning to the end, and is left hanging on every word. Using his experience as a reporter, MacDonald tries to realistically portray the world of journalism. For example, his depiction of the elastic morality of the press, its financial difficulties, and importantly, the “paper” journalists’ contempt towards their “web” colleagues, gives the viewer a real sense

of atmosphere. The relationship between “paper” and “web” journalists has an influence on the relationship between the experienced McAffrey and the naïve Frye. Russell Crowe embodies Cal McCaffrey with real prowess, and makes the character friendly and endearing. His colleague is well played by Rachel Adams. One guesses from the beginning that these two characters will have a progressive and strong relationship. Ben Affleck too plays the crooked politician with aplomb, and he effectively arouses the audience’s suspicions. I thought that the ending was a little disappointing; as I expected something more explosive. I really, however, enjoyed the closing credits: Kevin McDonald chooses to film the Washington Globe rotary press in action – another insightful move by this director. Faced with this symbol of a bygone era, perhaps some veteran journalists may become nostalgic! Aimee Boos, Limoges, France


February 2010

Book Review 21

An Innocent Abroad A warm and witty travel memoir, An Englishman in Paris, is sure to delight travel buffs, the French, and all those who love France, says Marie Charlotte Cros, a French national France versus England An Englishman in Paris is a book which offers a funny and irresistible vision of life in Paris, its people and traditions, from an English perspective. What is interesting is that England and France are both very similar and equally different simultaneously. All French and English people have opinions on one another – be that love or hate – but no one is ever indifferent. Michael Sadler looks at these viewpoints and prejudices from a humorous perspective, to create a highly entertaining read. Through English Eyes “Sadler was born in Lewes, a small town in the south of England. This was a geographical accident. He should have emerged from the womb in Paris, looking anxiously about him for a suitable place to have lunch,” writes Peter Mayle. I was pleasantly surprised when I read his book. His literary style is detached and objective, allowing one to see that what is ‘normal’ for the French is madness for foreigners. He also writes about English habits which seem strange to French. His humour is the highlight of the book. You definitely will not be able to resist laughing, especially if you know any French or English people! Appreciating a French cheese “The Englishman looked at the cheese and the cheese looked at the Englishman,” writes Sadler. He tells us what we wanted to do first when he arrived in Paris: to buy typical French cheese! He sees a “soft, fat, orange and too big for its box cheese, a rubicund monk against a backdrop of smiling cows”: a “Livarot”. He discovered that there are sizes for it: S, M, L, XL and the largest of them all, the “colonel”. Not hesitating for a second, he takes this one. It’s only afterwards, when he wants to take the cheese in his car that he realises that he could die by asphyxiation! This passage is particularly funny because it’s not exaggerated. French cheeses smell particularly strongly and their scents spread all around them!

French rules of polite society. You have to savour the tastes, and show that you really appreciate what you are eating and French people will begin to like you! Renting an Apartment When the author wanted to have his own apartment and to rent a nice one in Paris, he realised that it’s harder than finding a job. All his personal details were minutely observed by the owner of the flat before Sadler was allowed to rent it. I have had this experience when trying to get a flat, even outside of Paris. You want a flat in France? Charm the owner and you’ll win! Beyond stereotypes Michael Sadler ascertained that all French people are traumatized by English food and some still think that “Britain is engulfed in fog which explains why no one has yet seen the Lochness monster”! Personally, I laugh about this but I actually know some French people who believe in some English legends: English people are very white because they never see the sun, they always drink a cup of tea at four in the afternoon in a china cup and they cook all their meals with boiled water! Finding “Mon bistrot” (my bar) France is full of little bars (cafes, bistrots) which serve mainly wine and, what is surprising for an English man, not only beer. Everybody knows that the French are very proud of their wines and food, that’s not a legend! And the “bistrot” is a typical French addiction! In true French tradition, the author chose to find HIS little “bistrot” where he would go regularly and appreciate the conviviality of the place. To join the gang of the regulars, it’s not so easy. There are steps. At first, the consumers said nothing to him, the second time: “Bonsoir Monsieur” (Good evening, Sir), then: “Bonsoir Monsieur, ca va?” (Good evening, Sir, how are you?) and finally they smiled to him and invited to join them. Michael Sadler would maybe say: “Ah ces francais!” (Oh, French people!). For my part, I’m French and I would say: “Ah, ces Anglais! Il faut tout leur expliquer!” (Oh, English people, they always need want us to explain everything to them!)

Savouring French Food Even at the beginning, he discovers that eating is more than just important in France: it’s essential. It’s central to the

Marie-Charlotte Cros.


22 News

NEWS IN BRIEF Bankers give SHGs a patient hearing Usually, meetings organised by banks are beyond the comprehension of lay people but, this time around 300 self– help group (SHG) members were surprised because they were accorded centre stage by the bankers. The meeting was held at Chekkanoorani hosted by Reserve Bank of India and officials from other banks as part of the platinum jubilee year celebration. SHG members asked bank officials a torrent of questions: different interest rates depending on the banks, preference given to Tamil Nadu Corporation for Developpement of Women, sanction of 418 loans worth Rs. 5.22 crore and many more questions.

International Tournaments On December 29, Madurai hosted the national level Kabbadi tournament at Race Course Stadium. Twenty-five national teams competed. A competition was conducted to select players for the national level tournament. The president of Amateur Kabbadi Federation of India, J S Gehlot, attended the inaugural session.

Toll Gates on Ring Road The 27 km Ring Road from Mattuthavani to Tirunnelveli road was inspected by Madurai Corporation Commissioner S.Sebastine. He warned of action against the vehicles evading the entry fee at the toll gate. They will be noted down by the staff deployed and forced to face the legal proceedings through the Regional Transport Office. Drivers will have to remit the fee at the entry point and flash the entry ticket at the next toll before crossing it.

A Canvas of Life Different facets of life, pain and anguish of farmers, aspects of life of various categories of workers, nature and mysticism—were the highlights of Canvas 09 painting exhibition at Gandhi Memorial Museum in Madurai. While some of the exhibits portrayed the living conditions of the oppressed people and everyday life of the working classes, others were routine stuff: sights, scenes of nature, animals... The artists experimented with various media: ink on board, acrylic or oil on canvas, pencil on paper, charcoal on board, and colour ball pen painting.

Green Madurai Campaign At Mariamman Teppakulam, Union Minister for Chemicals and Fertilisers, M K Alagari, planted the first sapling under a scheme to plant at least a lakh of them. Simultaneously, 200 more were planted encircling Teppakulam. According to the minister, one of his election campaign promises was to make Madurai a green city. He said that

Times of Madurai several students were involved in this project. Around 14 varieties of trees were selected. Many establishments and private people were interested in growing trees.

Pongal Celebration at Oriental Catering College Dozens of foreigners and domestic guests were welcomed by a large number of students dressed in traditional dhotis and saris as part of the inaugural function of the Pongal Tourist Festival 2010. G. Vasudevan, former president of Travel Club, elaborated the significance of Pongal which has been celebrated in India for over 2500 years. The cultural programme included a Bharatnatyam performance by dancer Harsha Vardhini followed by Folk arts by Somu and group. A delicious lunch was a perfect finishing touch with guests enjoying the sweet Pongal and a piece of sugar cane.

Cops Criminals Nexus in the Scanner The Director General of Police Latika Saran empowered the superintendents of the entire district to prepare a list of personnel who have criminal records or any links with criminals in order to take action against them. She also said that the police should avoid any delay in registering complaints lodged by woman even if the complainants sometimes misunderstand the situation. She reiterated that police monitoring should be accelerated in accident prone areas on highways and for the need to make arrangements for parking ambulances.

Annular Solar Eclipse draws people out of their homes An Eclipse Awareness Programme in association with the Madurai Kamaraj University Faculty Association was organised on North West Masi Street junction on January 15, 2007. Usually, even during an eclipse, people prefer to stay indoors, watching television. This time, however, using filters provided by the Tamil Nadu Science Forum (TNSF) families gathered with children and grandchildren to watch the celestial show. Members of TNSF explained the significance of the celestial event in an attempt to address superstitious beliefs surrounding an eclipse. Pongal was cooked and served to the public when the eclipse was nearing its peak.

Daniel Michel, France


February 2010

Outreach 23

ToM at TVS Matriculation School On January 20, volunteers from ToM interacted with students from TVS Matriculation School, Madurai. The teacher from the class with whom we were to interact with welcomed us warmly. The interaction developed into an interesting conversation and an exciting cultural exchange.

Education The main topic of the interaction was education. The topic was chosen because of its relevance to the students and its potential to generate an interesting discussion. Volunteers spoke to students about the purpose of the visit, and afterwards gave a short introduction about themselves and their home country. Students plied us with lots of intelligent questions, especially on the competition and accessibility of universities in different countries. For example: “Is there time and do you need a part time job besides your education in your country?’’ and, ‘’Are there beggars in England?’’

Actual Status from Volunteers’ Countries Charles Hatfield, volunteer from England, said that there are homeless people in London, and the numbers are increasing because of the global financial crisis. A lot of people have been sacked and they have to live in difficult circumstances which they did not foresee. Students need to have a part time job besides their education to have enough money, but as a result of the financial crisis, it is really hard for young people to find a job in many countries in Europe. Highly educated and recently qualified students are getting the jobs, which students used to get before the financial crisis.

A Dialogue with Students Thereafter volunteers and students sat down in smaller groups to mingle and to talk about almost every topic under the sun! One of the boys told me he was playing music and listened a lot to Metallica (band from U.S.A). I told him that the drummer was from Denmark. It’s strange how sometimes we have a lot in common even though we live thousands of miles apart. One of the girls mentioned that she had started her own service organisation (www.developedindia.webs.com) (article on the organisation in the March issue of ToM). I was impressed with her and initiative and willingness to help others in such a young age. All of us were really impressed of the students’ proficiency in English and were unanimous that they were far more intelligent than an average student in our own countries. The students were very ambitious, which is a contrast to the laid back attitude and laziness found in many students in England and Denmark. Students were impressed with ToM as it was the only magazine of its kind in the city. They also gave several constructive suggestions to improve the magazine. They expressed a desire for more positive news in the brief news section, more articles on art, attractions in India and the world, food and music. Another suggestion was to make some of the articles shorter and crisp.

All the World’s a Gang

Anders Staal, Dragoer, Denmark



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