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Learning Objectives • What the Basis system is • How does SAP handle a transaction request • Differentiating between the various work processes • Understanding the basic functions of the Basis Module SAP Technical Overview
The Software-Oriented View of R/3
SAP Technical Overview
The SAP R/3 System Architecture • Implications for Application Programming – Separate presentation and application layers implies that when you run an application program that requires user interaction, control of the program is continually passed backwards and forwards between layers. – When a screen is ready for user input, the presentation layer is active, and the application server is inactive with regard to that particular program. – As a consequence, the program logic in an application program that occurs between two screens is known as a DIALOG SAP TechnicalSTEP. Overview
SAP Technical Overview
The SAP R/3 System Architecture • Application Layer (cont.) – Application Server
• R/3 programs run on application servers • The APPLICATION SERVER communicate with the presentation components, the database, and also with each other, using a MESSAGE SERVER. • Main components: – Work Processes (Dialog, Update, Enqueue, Batch, Spool) – Dispatcher – Gateway SAP Technical Overview – Message Server
What happens when I send a request to SAP?
Application Server Presentation . . . Internet
SAPGUI
SAPGUI
Office
Internet
TCP/IP Communication
Application Dispatcher
IPC Local Buffer for R/3 Data,
Workprocess
Workprocess
Remote SQL Database
SAP Technical Overview
Workprocess
DW-Objects, ABAP-Objects
Dispatcher • Program which manages resources of the R/3 applications • Receives requests from user and passes them to the corresponding work processes • Only one dispatcher per application server SAP Technical Overview
Dispatcher Tasks • Balances the workload between the processes • Buffer management in main memory • Connection with the presentation level • Organization of the communication processes
SAP Technical Overview
Work Process • Responsible for executing R/3 application tasks Task Handler ABAP/4 Processor
Dialog Interpreter
Work Process SAP Technical Overview
Database Interface
Different Kind of Work Processes for different Tasks Dialog
Update
Message
V
M SAP Dispatcher
Batch 11 10
12
Enqueue
1 2
9
3
8
4 7 6 5
B
Spool
E S Gateway
R/2
SAP Technical Overview
G
R/3
Dialog Work Processes
Dialog
• Responsible for the interactive tasks of the R/3 system • Dialog work processes execute only one dialog step at a time and are immediately freed for the next user request • Constantly switching between users SAP Technical Overview
Background Work Processes
Batch 11 10
12
1 2
9
3
8
4 7 6 5
B
• Responsible for executing ABAP programs submitted for background execution • Batch jobs schedule the sequence of program execution • Used for running long and time consuming programs SAP Technical Overview
Spool Work Processes
Spool
• Responsible for formatting the data for printing and passing it to the host spool system • Only one spool work process allowed per server SAP Technical Overview
Enqueue Work Processes Enqueue E
• Responsible for the lock management system • Synchronizes database access for the multiple application servers and work processes • Only one enqueue process per R/3 system to ensure data integrity SAP Technical Overview
Update Work Processes Update
V
• Responsible for making database changes requested by dialog and background processes • For better performance, this process should be on the database server
SAP Technical Overview
V1 vs. V2 Update Processes Update
V
• Time-critical processes are inside V1 and less critical ones within V2 • Error situations in – V1 : changes rolled back and V2 components not executed – V2 : only changes of V2 components rolled back SAP Technical Overview
Message Server Message
M
• Used by different application servers to exchange data and internal messages • Routes messages, such as update or batch job starts, between application servers • One message server per system SAP Technical Overview
Gateway Server Gateway
R/2
G
R/3
• Allows communication between R/3, R/2, and external applications • Exchanges large amounts of information between application servers • Gateway can reside on any of the connected systems SAP Technical Overview
Work Processes • Number of work processes can only be changed after restarting the system • Should have at least two dialog work processes • Need to have at least one V1 and V2 processes • Number of spool processes cannot be changed SAP Technical Overview
Application Server Presentation . . . Internet
SAPGUI
SAPGUI
Office
TCP/I P
Internet
Communication
Application Dispatcher
IPC Local Buffer for R/3 Data,
Workprocess
Workprocess
Remote SQL Database SAP Technical Overview
Workprocess
DW-Objects, ABAP-Objects
Processing of a SAP Transaction (1) Presentation . . . Internet
SAPGUI
1 Start Transaction
TCP/I P
Application IPC
Assign User request to Workprocess
2
Work3 process for R/3 Data, Local Buffer
4
5 Return data for next step
Communication
Dispatcher
Workprocess
Fetch data from buffer/database
Remote SQL Database
SAP Technical Overview
Workprocess
DW-Objects, ABAP-Objects
Processing of a SAP Transaction (2) Presentation . . . Internet
SAPGUI
1
TCP/IP 2
IPC Work3 process for R/3 Data,
Return data for Dispatcher next step 7 Assign User 9 request to Workprocess Work-
process 8
Remote SQL Database
10
5
Application
Local Buffer
6
Fetch data from buffer/database
SAP Technical Overview
Communication
Workprocess
DW-Objects, ABAP-Objects
Processing of a SAP Transaction (3) Presentation . . . Internet
SAPGUI
1
TCP/IP
Request for update
11
6
10
5
Communication
Application 2
IPC 4
Work3 process for R/3 Data, Local Buffer
Remote SQL Database
Dispatcher 7 9
12
Workprocess
Workprocess
8 13 Update data on database
SAP Technical Overview
14
DW-Objects, ABAP-Objects
End transaction
SAP Communication Interfaces Communication Interface High Level
Business API
OLE SAP Technology
RFC
ALE EDI
Mail MAPI SMTP X.400
IDOC
Q-API CPI-C
Communication System SAP Technical Overview
Low level
Business Framework Business Component
ALE BAPI
BAPI
Business Component
• Business Component - contains business functionality • BAPI - interface between the components • ALE - integration of components SAP Technical Overview
Business API (BAPI) • Defined method of a business object • Standardized methods allow customers to integrate their software with R/3 • Object-oriented in nature • BAPIs from all development platforms that support the SAP Remote Function Call (RFC) protocol SAP Technical Overview
Other Interfaces • Application Link Enabled (ALE) - Interface that links different SAP systems and external application systems – Transport special data structures known as IDOCS (Intermediate Documents)
• Object Linking and Enabled (OLE) enables desktop users to access SAP data from many OLE client programs SAP Technical Overview
Basic Functions of Basis
Basis Functions • • • • • • •
Hardware and Database Administration User and Security Administration Client Maintenance Correction and Transport System (CTS) Data Dictionary Online Service System (OSS) Performance Monitoring and Tuning SAP Technical Overview
Hardware and Database Administration • Hardware upgrades - adding memory or servers • Database backup and recovery • Database optimization • Disaster Recovery
SAP Technical Overview
User Administration • Create users and assign profiles • Modify, lock and unlock users • Develop authorizations and profiles
SAP Technical Overview
Client Maintenance • • • • •
Create clients Copy and refresh clients Client imports and exports Delete and remove clients Modify change options
SAP Technical Overview
Correction and Transport System R/3 System
R/3 System
R/3 System
Change Request
Development
Quality Assurance
Production
Moving changes from one R/3 system to another
SAP Technical Overview
Online Service System (OSS) • OSS is a set of SAP’s online services such as bug fixes and useful implementation information • OSS Notes • Hotpacks • Remote Connections • Send questions to SAP • ABAP registration SAP Technical Overview
Performance Monitoring and Tuning • Check database usage and storage capabilities • Dialog response time • Investigate ABAP short dumps • Optimize performance characteristics
SAP Technical Overview
Computer Center Management System (CCMS) • Manages the entire system - database, application, operating system • Collection of tools and utilities which allow you to monitor and manage the R/3 system • Allows monitoring of multiple R/3 systems • Comes FREE with each SAP system SAP Technical Overview
Computer Center Management System (CCMS) functions • • • •
Starting and stopping instances Monitoring and analyzing workload Alert capabilities Operation modes and work process automatic reconfiguration • Instance profile checking and maintenance • Logon load balancing SAP Technical Overview
Question & Answers
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