MASTER THESIS - MAGNUS ASKER PETTERSEN H U TO N G R E G E N E R AT I O N A DAY CARE COMMUNITY FOR THE ELDERLY L I V I N G I N T H E H U TO N G O F B E I J I N G
ARCHITECTURAL PROGRAM AND PROJECT
SUPERVISING PROFESSOR - Prof. NEVEN FUCHS-MIKAC EXTERNAL SUPERVISOR - JOAKIM SKA JAA 2013 - 2014 - The Oslo School of Architecture and Design
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6 - 11
THE ARCHITECTURAL CONCEPT - designing for the residents of the community in the Shi Jia Hutong
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12 - 21
THE ARCHITECTURAL PROJECT - the Shi Jia Day Care Community
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22 - 33
SITE 1 - medical centre
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34 - 41
SITE 2 - public toilet
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42 - 51
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52 - 59
SITE 3 - day care centre
SITE 4 - public shower
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60 - 67
SITE 5 - public shower
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68 - 75
SITE 6 - public toilet
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76 - 85
SITE 7 - laundromat
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86 - 89
CONSTRUCTION - structural concepts for the Shi Jia Day Care Community
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N
D
E
X
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THE ARCHITECTURAL CONCEPT Designing for the residents of the community in the Shi Jia Hutong
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THE SHI JIA HUTONG DAY CARE COMMUNITY CONNECTING THE SURROUNDINGS 100m
The day care centre is more than a singular space for the users to go to, but several spaces distributed throughout the community that makes up the Shi Jia Hutong. The main public road is a continuation of the day care centre, connecting the different parts of the project with the inhabitants of the area. Some of the smaller functions of the day care centre are put into the smaller streets and alleys of the Hutong, while the larger programs are placed along the main street of the Shi Jia Hutong. The smaller programs are the public showers and the public toilets. The inhabitants use these functions on a daily basis and they are placed within the vicinity of the private areas of the community. The larger programs are the medical centre and the public functions of the centre. Since these programmes are largely based on social activities they are directly connected to the Shi Jia Street.
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The intention behind the development strategy of the day care centre is to see how it is possible to use old concepts from the Hutong in combination with new ideas developed from studies of the area and the Hutongs in general. The day care centre for the elderly is not meant to be one specific place where the user can go to socialize, or to get help with social or medical problems, but rather a re-development of the social programmes that you would normally find in the Hutong. The day care is no longer a centre, but a set of functions merged with the social and private realm of the Hutong, making the life easier for the people living in the area, regardless of age and social background. Merging the day care with its surroundings helps to promote social interaction with the inhabitants of the community, and as a result of this, activates the elderly living in the vicinity of the day care functions.
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S O C I A L C O N T E X T INTRODUCING THE TYPOLOGIES D1
A
B1
The project can be divided into five different typologies, spread out on to seven different sites in the Shi Jia Hutong. The difference between them is how they connect to their surroundings, depending on the program of the site. Typology A is the medical functions of the program. This function is placed on the start og the Shi Jia Hutong lane. The exposed situation signals that this is a place of importance for the community, and it is easily accessible for the local residents of the area. Typology B, (1&2) contains the public toilets. These sites are very small, and they are situated in the backstreets of the Hutong. They are placed in the vicinity of the private areas of the community.
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C
B2
D2
E
Typology C contains all of the social programs of the project. Placed almost in the middle of the Shi Jia Lane, this site is intended to act as the public meeting point, in the heart of the community. Typology D (1&2) contains the public showers. Though almost as small as the B sites, the D sites are intended to act as small social squares in the community as well as providing a public service. Typology E contains the laundry service, situated at the far east end of the Shi Jia Hutong lane. Though a simple program, the site is open and contains a larger public area. The addition of the public square is ment to act as a social meeting point, either when you are waiting for your laundry, or just to do morning exercise.
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THE
ARCHITECTURAL
PROJECT
The Shi Jia Day Care Community
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THE SHI JIA HUTONG DAY CARE COMMUNITY SITE SPECIFIC PROGRAM
SITE 4 Public s
- Male and fem - Storage - Public space
SITE 1 - 380m2 Medical department - Medical department - Offices - Meeting room
SITE 2 - 110m2 Public toilets
SITE 3 - 1520m2 Day care centre
- Male and female toilets - Vegetable market - Kitchen - Dining area - Common area - Toilets - Workshop - Storage - Technical rooms - Tea house
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- 240m2 showers
SITE 6 - 300m2 Public toilets
male showers
- Male and female toilets - Handicap toilets - Public space
e
SITE 5 - 250m2 Public showers - Male and female showers - Storage - Public space
SITE 7 - 640m2 Laundromat - Laundromat - Storage - Technical rooms - Public space
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SITEPLAN
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SITE 1 - MEDICAL CENTRE T he s i t e i s l oc a t e d on the west si de of t he Shi Ji a Lane, and a c t s a s a p oi nt m a r k i n g t he st art of t he day care prog ram i n t he c om muni t y. B e c ause of t he exposure of t he si t e, t he p r og ra m i s l i f t e d up i n a t ower l i ke st ruct ure. There are t wo r e a s ons f or t hi s , one i s t o g i ve a new poi nt of perspect i ve f or t he p ub l i c s p a c e , and t he ot her i s t o hi g hl i g ht t he i m p or t a nc e of t he medi cal program. Though l ook i ng l i ke a n i nt r ove r t e d s t r uc t u re from t he out si de, t he space i s op e n a nd w e l c omi ng on t he i nsi de of t he ent rance area. T he c ommuni c a t i on i n t he t ower i s a doubl e hel i x st ai r c a s e s t r uc t ur e , w hi c h al l ows for a cl ear access for t he p ub l i c t o t he t op of t he t ower, wi t hout i nt erferi ng wi t h t he p r og ra mme of t he medi cal cent re. T he t wo st ai rs meet a t t he t op of t he t ow er on t he publ i c observat i on fl oor.
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A
B
B
A
GROUND FLOOR
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OFFICE
1st FLOOR
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PUBLIC
2nd FLOOR
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COMMON
3rd FLOOR
MEDICAL 1
4th FLOOR
MEDICAL 2
5th FLOOR
PUBLIC / WC
6th FLOOR
PUBLIC
7th FLOOR
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SECTION A-A
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SECTION B-B
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SI TE 2 - PUB LI C TOI LE T T he p ub l i c t oi l et s are pl aced i n t he back al l eys of t he H ut ong , i n t he v i c i ni t y of t he pri vat e l i vi ng areas of t he communi t y. T hey a r e b a s i c st ruct ures t hat are meant t o be a bet t er sol ut i on t o t he p oor sani t ary condi t i ons found i n t he H ut ong area t od ay. Ta ll er st ruct ures wi t h bet t er vent i l at i on and l i g ht i ng c ond i t i ons work s a l ot bet t er, especi al l y i n t he ni ght , when t od ay ’ s s t ruct ures are al most i mpossi bl e t o use i n t he eveni ng or duri ng t he wi nt er season. S i t e 2 i s by far t he smal l est si t e i n t he whol e project , hi dden aw ay i n a narrow al l ey at t he west end of t he Shi Ji a H ut ong.
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35
A
A
GROUND FLOOR
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SECTION A-A
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S I T E 3 - D AY C A R E C E N T R E The site fo r th e d ay c a r e c e nt r e i s s i t ua t e d i n t he mi ddl e of th e Sh i J ia la ne . T he r e a s on f or t hi s i s t hat t he si t e i s l a rg e e n o u g h to c ont a i n a l l of t he s oc i a l programs of t he pro je c t, an d at t he s a m e t he s i t e a c t s a s a meet i ng poi nt for th e c o m m u ni t y. T he s t r uc t ur e i s op e n and has a hi g h grad e o f tran sp a r e nc y a nd ha s t he a b i l i ty t o t ransform d ep e n d in g o n h o w i t i s us e d , a nd w ha t t i me of t he year i t i s. W i t h th e h ig h d e ns i f i c a t i on i n t he H ut ong t he l ast t hree d ecad e s, cou rtyard pl a c e
to
th e
op e n
in
th e
do
th e i r
s t r uc t ur e l oc a l daily
w or k s
c om muni t y, s hop p i ng ,
as
a
giving eat
l arg e t he
with
soci al
users
fri ends
a or
othe r ac tivitie s s e t up by t he l oc a l c ommuni t y cent re.
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3
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B
KITCHEN
MARKET DINING AREA
COMMOM AREA
STORAGE
A
A
B R E A K ROOM
TEA HOUSE
WORKSHOP
B
GROUND FLOOR
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SECTION A-A
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SECTION B-B
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4
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SI T E 4 - PUB LI C SH OWE R T he s t r uct ures for t he publ i c showers work s as a smal l s oc i a l meet i ng poi nt i n t he vi ci ni t y of t he resi dent i al areas of t he Hut ong . I n addi t i on t o t he shower st ruct ure, t he s i t e s a l s o cont ai n a smal l er publ i c square, addi ng a soci al p oi nt i n t he pri vat e areas of t he H ut ong. The shower s t r uc t ur e i t sel f provi des t he i nhabi t ant s of t he communi t y a b e t t e r s ol ut i on t o t he sani t ary condi t i ons t hey have t oday. S i t e 4 i s l ocat ed i n t he mi ddl e of t he H ut ong. T he B ri ck p av i ng
s preads
out
from
t he
st ruct ure,
and
forms
a
l a r g e r p ubl i c space i n t he mi ddl e of t he resi dent i al area.
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A
GROUND FLOOR
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A
SECTION A-A
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S I T E 5 - PU B L IC S H O WE R T h e stru c tu r e s f or t he p ub l i c s how e rs work s as a smal l so c ial m e e ting p oi nt i n t he v i c i ni t y of t he resi dent i al areas o f th e Hu to ng . In a d d i t i on t o t he s hower st ruct ure, t he site s also c o nt a i n a s m a l l e r p ub l i c s q u are, addi ng a soci al p o in t in th e p r i v a t e a r e a s of t he Hut ong. The shower stru c tu re its e l f p r ov i d e s t he i nha b i t a n t s of t he communi t y a b e tte r so lut i on t o t he s a ni t a r y c ond i t ions t hey have t oday. Site 5 is situa t e d t ow a r d s t he e a s t e nd of t he H ut ong, and in m o re c lo s e r e l a t i on t o t he ma i n H ut ong l ane t han Si t e 4 . T h e b ric k p av i ng s t r e t c he s out i n t he si dewal k t o mark t he e n try to th e s oc i a l s p a c e s ur r ound i ng t he publ i c showers.
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5
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A
GROUND FLOOR
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A
SECTION A-A
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S I T E 6 - PU B L IC TO I L E T T h e p u b lic to i l e t s a r e p l a c e d i n t he b a c k a l l eys of t he H ut ong, i n th e vic in ity o f t he p r i v a t e l i v i ng a r e a s of t he communi t y. T hey are b asic str uc t ur e s t ha t a r e me a nt t o be a bet t er sol ut i on to th e p o o r s a ni t a r y c ond i t i ons f ound i n t he H ut ong area to d ay. Talle r s t r uc t ur e s w i t h b e t t e r ve n t i l at i on and l i g ht i ng c o n d itio n s w or k s a l ot b e t t e r, e s p e c i a l l y i n t he ni g ht , when to d ay’s stru c t ur e s a r e a l mos t i mp os s i b l e t o use i n t he eveni ng or d ur i ng t he w i nt e r s e a son. Site 6 is larg e r t ha n s i t e 2 , a nd i n t he same way as si t e 4 , th e b ric k p av i ng t a ke s up a l ot m or e g r ound space t han t he p ro je c t itse lf. T he p av i ng ma r k s t he e nt r y t o t he publ i c square su rro u n d in g t he t oi l e t s a l l t he w ay f r om t he si dewal k i n t he H ut ong l a ne .
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6
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A
A
GROUND FLOOR
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SECTION A-A
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S IT E 7 - L AU N D RO M AT The
site
fo r
t he
L a und r oma t
also
act s
as
t he
soci al
sp ac e sp e c if i c a l l y d e s i g ne d f or p ub l i c exerci se and soci al ac tiv itie s like d a nc i ng a nd p l ay i ng g a m es.
The Laundromat
is situ ate d a t t he f a r e a s t e nd of t he Shi Ji a H ut ong l ane. T h o u g h a s i mp l e p r og ra m , t he s i t e i s open and cont ai ns a larg e r p u bl i c a r e a . T he a d d i t i on of t he publ i c square i s m e n t to ac t a s a s oc i a l m e e t i ng p oi nt , ei t her when you are waitin g fo r your l a und r y, or j us t t o do morni ng exerci se.
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7
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B
A
A
B
GROUND FLOOR
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SECTION A-A
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SECTION B-B
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STRUCTURAL CONCEPTS T H E DAY C A R E C O M M U N I T Y
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the ground is paved with the same type of brick as the main structure of the projects. This is done to underline the frame of each site, and that the social program is always larger than the built project on each site.
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THE MAIN STRUCTURES IN THE ENTIRE DAY CARE COMMUNITY PROJECT ARE INSULATED BRICK WALLS, EXCEPT FROM THE MEDICAL CENTRE. THIS IS DONE TO MAKE THE COMMUNITY CENTRE FIT TOGETHER WITH THE EXISTING STRUCTURES OF THE HUTONG.
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covering each function in the project is a wooden frame system with insulated glass, to make sure that each volume acts as an individual climatic zone.
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IN THE SAME WAY AS THE BRICK PAVING, EACH PROJECT HAS ITS OWN WOODEN ROOF STRUCTURE, WHICH STRETCHES OUT FROM THE MAIN STRUCTURE. THE ROOF ACTS AS A LINK BETWEEN THE PAVED SOCIAL SPACE AND THE BUILT PROGRAM.
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THE WOOD STRUCTURE IN THE ROOF IS COVERED WITH A THIN LAYER OF ACRYLIC MATERIAL, WHICH PROTECTS THE STRUCTURE FROM RAIN. THIS STRUCTURE DOES NOT NEED ANY FORM OF INSULATION, SINCE THE INNER FRAME INSULATES THE INNER VOLUME FROM THE OUTSIDE.
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THE DOORS IN EACH PROJECT IS MASSIVE WOODEN SLIDING DOORS. THE SMALLER DOORS ARE TYPICAL HINGED DOORS.
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4
3
2 6
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STRUCTURAL CONCEPTS MEDICAL TOWER
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4
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The main structural element of the medical tower is the concrete elevator shaft. the in situ concrete slap structure is stretching out from the elevator shaft.
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THE IN SITU CONCRETE FLOOR SLABS ARE FASTENED TO THE ELEVATOR SHAFT. THE SLABS RESTS ON THE BRICK WALLS ON EACH FLOOR, WHICH STABILIZES THE STRUCTURE.
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THE INSULATED BRICK WALLS ARE SELF -SUPPORTING STRUCTURES. THEY ARE SUPPORTING THE CONCRETE SLAPS, AND AT THE SAME TIME MAKING THE OUTER SHELL OF THE MEDICAL TOWER. THE BRICK ELEMENT IS A CONTINUATION OF THE VISUAL ELEMENTS OF THE REST OF THE PROJECT
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THE DOUBLE HELIX STAIR CASES ARE PRE CAST CONCRETE STRUCTURES. THEY ARE PLACED IN THE WALL, BETWEEN EACH FLOOR AND THE FACADE OF THE STRUCTURE. THE PUBLIC STAIR IS A NON-INSULATED PART OF THE STRUCTURE.
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