ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This acknowledgement is a dedication to every person who has guided and supported me throughout the course of one of the most challenging ordeals of my life. This thesis is the culmination of efforts, hardwork and interests of many. I would like to express my gratitude to my thesis guides : Ar. Anil B.Jain and Ar. Vaibhav Dimri for their immense patience, guidance, constant encouragement, understanding and for cultivating an atmosphere that challenged the limits of my architectural sensibility throughout the course of thesis. Thanks to the thesis co-ordinators: Prof. Dr. Aruna Ramani Grover and Prof.Dr. Jaya Kumar for creating a challenging environment, and pushing us to strive for more and make the best of the available resources. I would like to thank the members of Pyramid Spiritual Society: Mr. Raman and Mrs. Sunitha for their valuable inputs , time and for the opportunity provided without which this thesis wouldn’t have ben possible. I would also like to thank all the spiritual guides for their insights and presence. I would like to thank all my lovely friends for their presence and support at all times, and for being my family. I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my amazing family for their constant encouragement, positivity, understanding, for providing me with opportunities to learn and never giving up on me. And to complete it, to the driving, creative and relentless spirit in you and me.
Thank you.
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INTRODUCTION
The mind, body, and spirit are one. If the body is peaceful in it’s built environment, then so will the mind and spirit. By studying the working of mind and spirit, and how to design to appeal to a person’s subconscious, an innovative way of healing can be discovered. This has been proven with the factors such as exposure to nature, physical activities , use of colours, light. With the integration of all these factors , this thesis aims to expose humans in a facility with architecture as an enabler for developing spiritual health by acknowledging, resonating and connecting with the environment around (open & built).
WHO ARE WE
This brings us to the question,
How can architecture intervene the existing natural environment so that humans can connect with their inner spiritual being & the spirit of the external environment?
Fig 1.1 : Creations of cosmos, made of the same basic elements (Source : Author )
Fig 1.2 : Character of spiritual architecture (Source : Author )
This community intends to showcase a lifestyle focussed on spiritual awareness, rejuvenation & development by celebrating who we are and the world around us.
“the good building is not one that hurts the landscape, but is one that makes the landscape more beautiful than it was before that building was built”. - Frank Lloyd Wright
Fig 1.3 : Architecture in harmony with the nature for spiritual benefits (Source : Author )
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“While nature is important for the community, I also feel that it is important for the individual. If he is able to take in and enclose his own piece of air, sky, and rain, he will have a much stronger awareness that he is living, that he has been given life.� -- Tadao Ando
Fig 1.4: Human , External environment and Processes of Interaction (Source : Author )
SCOPE: The building will be an attempt to create the spirit of place rather than a concrete enclosure. Architecture is an enabler for better spirtual health rather than being the focus of attraction. Architectural interventions would be done only where necessary. The architecture would also explore the philosophies and science of pyramid energy and would try to integrate the same. Different types of spaces based on different chakras would be explored: group spaces, solitary spaces, recreation /trails and therapy spaces.
Fig 1.5 : Illustration for person in meditation (Source : Google images)
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AREAS OF EXPLORATION:
Spiritual body & chakras
Science behind meditation, yoga, effects of nature and built environment on spiritual health
Institution under consideration: Pyramid spiritual society
Climate, geographic, demographic & economic profile of Vaniyambadi, Tamilnadu.
CLIENT Chennai Pyramid Spiritual Trust The project proposed by Chennai Pyramid Spiritual Trust is supposed to be the headquarters of Tamilnadu for Pyramid meditation.
USER GROUP Residents of the district and nearby places in Tamilnadu majorly and also catering to the floating population of CMC and VIT, and any person who is interested in spiritual renewal and development.
Fig 1.6 : Areas of exploration (Source : Author )
Fig 1.7 : Instituition under consideration (Source : Author )
CASE STUDIES IDENTIFIED: Pyramid Valley, Bengaluru Osho International Meditation Resort, Pune Won Dharma Center, Hanram Meyer Architects, NY Naman Retreat, Vietnam
INSTITUTION Pyramid Spiritual Society is a non-religious, noncult, non-profit voluntary organizations whose sole mission is to spread
“Architecture holds the power to inspire and transform our dayto-day existence. The everyday act of pressing a door handle and opening into a light-washed room can become profound when experienced through sensitized consciousness. To see, to feel these physicalities is to become the subject of the senses.� -- Steven Holl
Anapanasati Meditation (that focuses on breath),
Vegetarianism,
Spiritual Science and
beneficial uses of Pyramid Energy to one and all .. all in a spirit of free service without any monetary considerations.
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“Out of the city and over the hill, Into the spaces where Time stands still, Under the tall trees, touching old wood, Taking the way where warriors once stood; Crossing the little bridge, losing my way, But finding a friendly place where I can stay. Those were the days, friend, when we were strong And strode down the road to an old marching song When the dew on the grass was fresh every morn, And we woke to the call of the ring-dove at dawn. The years have gone by, and sometimes I falter, But still I set out for a stroll or a saunter, For the wind is as fresh as it was in my youth, And the peach and the pear, still the sweetest of fruit, So cast away care and come roaming with me, Where the grass is still green and the air is still free.� -- Ruskin Bond
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ARCHITECTURE
CROWN CHAKRA
FOR THE
SPIRIT...........
THIRD EYE CHAKRA
BODY
THROAT CHAKRA
MIND
SPIRIT
The spiritual body is organized into seven primary chakras, or energy centers which connect our it with the physical body, which is why we often manifest physical symptoms from an emotional experience. This can range from feeling our heart expand with love, to feeling punched in the stomach.
HEART CHAKRA
Each and every chakra is responsible for different feelings and is affected by different external and internal factors. Balance of all the chakras is important for the human wellbeing.
SOLAR PLEXUS CHAKRA
SACRAL CHAKRA ROOT CHAKRA
For the spiritual health,architecture needs to understand the function of different chakras so that informed interventions are made to the environment.
“The intuitive mind is a sacred gift and the rational mind is a faithful servant. We have created a society that honors the servant and has forgotten the gift.” – Albert Einstein
Fig 2.1.1: Location of chakras in the human body (Source : http://www.crystalinks.com/chakras.html )
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ROOT CHAKRA (Muladhara)
SACRAL CHAKRA (Svadhisthana)
SOLAR PLEXUS CHAKRA (Manipura)
HEART CHAKRA (Anahata)
THROAT CHAKRA (Visshuddha)
THIRDEYE CHAKRA CROWN CHAKRA (Ajna) (Sahasrara)
SEAT OF GROUNDING
PLACE OF SACRED CREATION
PLACE OF VITALITY
SEAT OF LOVE
SEAT OF WISDOM
SEAT OF INTUITION
Safe Nourishment Love Rooting
Fluidity Relaxation Feralessness Peace
Confidence Will Joy
Balance Compassion
Creativity Resonance Truth
Conscious dreaming Inner knowing
CONNECTION TO UNIVERSE
Fig 2.1.2: Exploration of chakras through form (Source : Author )
Body System: Muscular-Skeletal and Excretory
Body System: Reproductive
Body System: Upper Abdomen – Digestive
Body System: Cardiovascular and Pulmonary
Body System: Throat – Vocal System
Body System: Middle of Forehead – Sensory System.
Body System: Nervous System
Color: Red
Color: Orange
Color: Yellow.
Colour: Green & Pink
Color: Blue.
Color: Violet.
Color: White.
Element : Earth
Element: Water
Element: Fire
Element: Love
Element: Air
Element: Earth
Element: Light
Stones: Iron, Basalt, Granite, Petrified Wood, Ruby,
Stones: Coral, Carnelian, Orange Amber, Calcite.
Stones : Yellow Amber, Citrine, Gold, Topaz, Yellow Jade, Gold Quartz, Pyrite.
Stones : Rose Quartz, Emerald, Jade, Green Malachite, Copper.
Stones : Aquamarine, Blue Calcite, Turquoise, Azurite.
Stones: Iolite, Amethyst, Sugilite, Charoite, Purple Fluorite, Tanzanite.
Stones : Clear Quartz Crystal, Diamond, Selenite, Alexandrite, Apophyllite.
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........... PROCESSES OF INTERACTION PHYSICAL EXERCISE MEDITATION NATURE THERAPY
In the ancient world these two forms of knowledge i.e. nature and spirituality were not in conflict but were understood to have a deep and subtle connection. Man’s knowledge of himself complemented his understanding of the universe and formed the basis for a strong and healthy relationship to the creation in which he lived. It is this disconnect between these two types of knowledge that is causing many of the challenges that we face as a global community today. An intimate relationship with the environment is built into the human psyche. Historically, nature, mountains, rivers, trees, the sun, the moon have always been honored in ancient cultures. It’s only when we start moving away from our connection to nature and ourselves that we begin polluting and destroying the environment. We need to revive these attitudes that foster our connection with nature for the benefits of humans and the external environment.
Fig 2.1.3: Meditation journey
(Source : Author )
MEDITATION
“A walk through a forest or a Japanese garden is invigorating and healing because of the essential interaction of all sense modalities reinforcing each other; our sense of reality is thus strengthened and articulated.� --Steve Holl
NATURE therapy Activities
1. Open- monitoring meditation/ Vipassana 2. Focussed medition Zen meditation (breath) Transcendental Meditation (mantra) Chakra Meditation 3. Reflective meditation 4. Heart centered meditation 5. Creative meditation 1. Nature meditation
PHYSICAL EXERCISE
Open- monitoring 2. Horticultural therapy 3. Animal-assisted therapy Chakra meditation
Spatial requirements: - Main hall: free plan, flexible - Changing rooms - Store - Acoustics: silence preferred - Ventilation: natural, cross- ventilation - Illumination: natural, indirect light, avoid glare (windows at floor level, light courtyard ) - Materials: warm, soft colours for ease in attaining concentration and comfortable feel.
Fig 2.1.4: Meditation, yoga & nature therapy (Source : Author )
Focus on breath Heart balanced meditation
4. Physical exercise in a natural environment
Creative meditation
5. Involvement in conservation activities:
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...........THE EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT EFFECTS OF BUILT ENVIRONMENT: SMELL
LIGHT
Pleasant aromasreduce blood pressure, slow respiration and lower pain- perception levels. Negative odors stimulate anxiety, stress and fear. (Sunkara, 2014)
Light - defining a space, dramaticlighting for creating sense of spirituality -Regulation of melatonin production, stress hormones (Shochat, et al., 2009)
SOUND/ NOISE
ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLEXITY
Natural soundscalming effect, improves sleep and work quality. Music- relaxes the mind and stimulates the positive vibrations.
Variation in environment -reduced depression levels, cognitive functioning of users, stimulate positive responses in the brain.
TEMPERATURE
Fresh air and Ventilation
Natural ventilation - regulates indoor temperature Climatologically sensitive design provokes healing.
Fresh air is beneficial to the mental health. Natural air - improves indoor air quality, relieve stress (Schweitzer et al. 2004). Fig 2.1.5: Effects of built environment (Source : Author )
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COLOUR THERAPY: Warm, vital, loosens, opens up clogs, releases stiffness and constrictions. Relieving repressions, sense of relief Mental inspiration and stimulation, strengthen the nerves and the mind. Healing and soothing effect Cooling, electric, sedative effect. Freeing and purifying effect Nourishment to the cells Balance and harmony
Color can set a mood or atmosphere, reflect one’s current state of mind or emotions, represent specific nutrients food and bring spiritual awareness through our energy centers helping us align or balance that energy. Color can be used in our daily life to restore balance and well-being.
FORM OF BUILT PYRAMIDS: ENERGY AMPLIFIERS
Temple architecture and energy
The very shape of the pyramid is an amplifiedreceiver or resonator of various kinds of energy fields, i.e. electro-magnetic waves, cosmic rays, electrical discharges, gravitational waves, etc., surrounding our planet and which are in the air around and within the pyramid. Inside the pyramid the received energies, interact with one another and are highest at the point 1/3 of the height of the pyramid from its base.
A temple’s gopuram is derived from a pyramid with the garba griha right beneath it. Essentially, temples were designed to be spaces where the mind spontaneously moves within and meditation happens effortlessly.
Fig 2.1.7 : Form of pyramid (Source : Author )
This point is where the king’s chamber is located in the Giza pyramid.
institutional philosophy: pyramid spiritual society 1. Meditation that focuses on breath (Anapanasati meditation)
3. Pyramid meditation
4. Share meditational experiences Fig 2.1.6: Transmission of energy in a pyramid (Source : http://www.free-energy-info.com/Chapt9.html )
Fig 2.1.8: Philosophy of PSS
2. Spending time with nature
5. Full moon meditation
Most temples were created to address a particular aspect of life, and were thus consecrated to activate one or two particular chakras, the main energy centers within the human system. Temples are located strategically at a place where the positive energy is abundantly available from the magnetic and electric wave distributions of north/south pole thrust. It is widely believed that the copper plates in the temple absorb earth’s magnetic waves and radiates it to the surroundings. Thus a person regularly visiting a temple and walking clockwise around the Main Idol receives the beamed magnetic waves. A Temple bell is made of various metals including cadmium, lead, copper, zinc, nickel, chromium and. manganese. Each of these bells is made to produce such a distinct sound that it can create unity of your left and right brain. The moment you ring that bell, bell produces sharp but lasting sound which lasts for minimum of seven seconds in echo mode good enough to touch your seven healing centers or chakras in your body. The moment bell sound happens your brain is emptied of all thoughts. The inner core of the temple is usually dark where the idol is placed and when you open your eyes you should see the camphor. This light seen inside the dark activates your sight sense. (Thakur, 2015).
(Source : Author )
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VISITOR MOVEMENT
RESIDENT MOVEMENT
Fig 6.1 : Visitor’s movement
Fig 6.2 : Resident’s movement
( Source: Author)
( Source: Author)
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AREA RELATIONSHIP CHART Visitors and residents have different schedules for the day according to their requirement. Typically a day for a visitor starts with registration and checking followed by a visit to the knowledge center to condition oneself about spiritual health, meditation and to get an idea about powers of pyramids and other sacred forms of architecture and energy. The final destination is the maha meditation pyramid where one can be in tune with one’s inner self. For a resident, cottages and dormitories need to be accesible from the entrance plaza after registration. Residents can choose from a wide range of therapy activities from massages, reiki, nature therpa, yoga or one can volunteer to do service at the common dining or gaushala. Seperate sevice routes are neccesary in the site to cater to the needs of kitchen, cafetaria, gaushala, library & other facilities.
Fig 6.3 : Area relationships ( Source: Author)
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SWOT ANALYSIS
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CLIMATE ANALYSIS
OPEN & GREEN SPACES
Fig 6.4 : Climate analysis
Fig 6.5: Open & green spaces
( Source: Author)
( Source: Author)
- Block southern heat because of the harsh overhead sun - Maximise south light for solar panels - Block west heat always - Allow north light - Maximise cross ventilation for thermal comfort - N-S orientation for less incident heat and mazimise openning along N-S
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- Existing tree lines can be used to develop nature trails - Relief area to be provided around the water canal to be on the safer side during heavy monsoons. - Existing mounds can be used as buffers . - The pond naturally attracts birds which can be deveopled further for rain disposal and relief areas.
SITE DETERMINANTS
HIERARCHY/ PRIVACY OF FUNCTIONS
Fig 6.6: Site determinants
Fig 6.7: Privacy of functions
( Source: Author)
( Source: Author)
- Visual appraisal from the roads - Entry towards the SE corner (traffic coming from NH) - Existing tree buffers naturally create open spaces available for the built - Central coconut grove needs response
- Creating hierarchy of spaces w.r.t. the flowing traffic from NH - Existing tree buffers, mounds naturally create privacy levels.
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INITIAL IDEAS: REVEAL & EXPERIENCE OF SPACES
Fig 7. 1 : First view for a user- Admin blocks framing the central pyramid ( Source: Author)
Fig 7. 2 : Way up to the central pyramid ( Source: Author)
Fig 7. 3 : Light strip along the staircase as a guiding element ( Source: Author)
Fig 7.5. Plan of the central pyramid showing individual meditation spaces along the periphery ( Source: Author)
Fig 7.4. : Main meditation pyramid with different levels for various types of meditation ( Source: Author)
Fig 7.6. : Exploring pyramidal structures ( Source: Author)
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FOCAL POINTS, NODES & PATHS
Fig 7.7. : Diagrams showing functional relationships, axes, nodes & focal points ( Source: Author)
Fig 7.8. : Section through the site showing the flow of spaces and reveal of the central pyramid at various points ( Source: Author)
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FORMAL vs. ORGANIC
Fig 7.9. : Roof plan showing formal pyramids, other functions with semi-open & open spaces
( Source: Author)
- The different functions in the community are classified broadly into two types to determine the form: 1. formal pyramids - Conscious guidance of experience created by the form. Pyramids accomodated functions based on frequency, number of users and time of usage. 2. organic blocks - form along the movement and site features where he experience is free to explore and create his own experience. Complementing the formal structures , the organic blocks are along the user movement, planar and responding to the site features.
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TREE as an ELEMENT
Fig 7.10 : Framing trees ( Source: Author)
Fig 7.13 : Framing trees ( Source: Author)
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Fig 7. 11 : Moving around the tree- a spiral reveal ( Source: Author)
Fig 7.14 : Trees as a column- Closer experience of touch ( Source: Author)
Fig 7.12 : Trees as entrance markers ( Source: Author)
Fig 7.15 : Tree as a shelter ( Source: Author)
TRANSLATION OF CHAKRAS IN ARCHITECTURE ROOT CHAKRA CROWN CHAKRA
- Horticulture therapy - Earthy colours/ materials - Planar (for grpounding effect) - Views to nature - Emphasis on horizontal character of roof - Red flowering trees: Gulmohar - Accomodation
- Conservation activities - Pyramid meditation - Connection to universe - White flowering plants - Meditation pyramids
SACRAL CHAKRA
THIRD EYE CHAKRA
- Nature meditation - Flowing water element for relaxation & relief - Fluid form - Merging with greens/ landscape - Orange flowering plants - Accomodations, Therapy block, Crafts block
- Nature meditation - Open monitoring meditation - Violet flowering plants - Library, Gallery, Research Lab (Knowledge Center)
SOLAR PLEXUS CHAKRA
HEART CHAKRA
- Horticulture therapy for feeling of confidence/ vitality - Taking care of animals gives joy - Physical exercise in nature - Yellow flowering plants - Yoga studio, Food block, Gaushala
- Animal assited therapy - Yoga, Gardenning - Balance in built & nature - Balance in scale & proportion - Views to greens - Pink flowering plants - Gaushala, Yoga studios
THROAT CHAKRA
Fig 7.16: Plan showing various functions grouped based on their chakras and various trails that could be developed for a specific chakra ( Source: Author)
-Good ventilation - Creation of wind drafts :Courtyards, shafts - Blue: glass - Wisdom center, Conference halls, Crafts block
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DESIGN CONCEPTION INTO DESIGN
Fig 8.2. : DD1: Figure ground relationship ( Source: Author)
STAGE 1
Fig 8.1. : Design development 1 ( Source: Author)
STRENGTHS
WEAKNESSES
- Clear seperation of visitors and residents movement - DIfferent points of reveal of the main meditation pyramid for the user along the axis. - Accomodation overlooking the main pyramid - Multiple courts - N-S orientation (less incident heat)
- No breathing / relief space around the central pyramid - No direct response to the central coconut grove - No defined axis for the residents - No response to the water body - Fragmented massing lacking in order
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Fig 8.3. : DD1: Hierarchy/ Privacy of functions ( Source: Author)
Fig 8.4. Response to the site feautures ( Source: Author)
DESIGN CONCEPTION INTO DESIGN
Fig 8.6. : DD1: Figure ground relationship ( Source: Author)
STAGE 2
Fig 8.5. : Design development 2 ( Source: Author)
STRENGTHS
WEAKNESSES
- Clear seperation of visitors and residents movement - Defintion of residents path - DIfferent points of reveal of the main meditation pyramid for the user along the axis. - Multiple courts - Relief space around the central pyramid - Response to the waterbody
- No direct response to the central coconut grove - Fragmented massing lacking in order - Lack in ease of functional flow between ceratin blocks
Fig 8.7. : DD1: Hierarchy/ Privacy of functions ( Source: Author)
Fig 8.8. Response to the site feautures ( Source: Author)
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DESIGN CONCEPTION INTO DESIGN
Fig 8.10. : DD1: Figure ground relationship ( Source: Author)
STAGE 3
Fig 8.9. : Design development 2 ( Source: Author)
STRENGTHS
WEAKNESSES
- Clear seperation of visitors and residents movement - DIfferent points of reveal of the main meditation pyramid for the user along the axis. - Multiple nodes & courts - Response to the waterbody - Response to the coconut grove shaping up. - Development of nature trails connecting various blocks.
-Relief space around the main pyramid not proportionate to its size - Fragmented massing lacking in order - Lack of definition of built along the resident’s path - Accomodation on the mound have no ordered view to the pyramid
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Fig 8.11. : DD1: Hierarchy/ Privacy of functions ( Source: Author)
Fig 8.12. Response to the site feautures ( Source: Author)
DESIGN CONCEPTION INTO DESIGN
Fig 8.14. : DD1: Figure ground relationship ( Source: Author)
STAGE 4
Fig 8.13. : Design development 2 ( Source: Author)
STRENGTHS
WEAKNESSES
- Clear seperation of visitors and residents movement - Defintion of residents path along the fibonacci spiral - DIfferent points of reveal of the main meditation pyramid for the user along the axis. - Proportionate relief space around the central pyramid - Response to the waterbody & the coconut groove
- Lack of nodes on the movement path - Lack of order in the therapy & workshop block
Fig 8.15. : DD1: Hierarchy/ Privacy of functions ( Source: Author)
Fig 8.16. Response to the site feautures ( Source: Author)
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SUMMING UP THE DESIGN PROCESS 1. SEPERATE VISITOR & RESIDENT PATHS STAGE 1
For the visitors, the axis of movement is shorter and is focused on the central pyramid. For a resident, there are multiple routes focused on various therapies and functions.
2. REVEAL OF CENTRAL PYRAMID AT MULTIPLE POINTS The admin blocks ( pyramids framing main meditation pyramid) and the existing mound are used to frame and reveal different parts of the pyramid , making the experience a gradual reveal of the massive structure.
3. ACTIVATION OF THE CENTRAL COCONUT GROVE WITH BUILT AROUND IT STAGE 2
The central coconut grove at the heart of the site is vitalised by placing various functions (relatively on the quieter side) around it and various trails meet at this point.
4. GRADUAL TRANSITION OF PRIVACY FROM THE ENTRANCE IN EAST TO THE NW The public functions are on the eastern end ( the nearest when one approaches from NH), and gradually transitions to the private blocks towards the west and northwest behind the larger mound.
STAGE 3
5. DEVELOPMENT OF WATERBODIES FOR NATURE MEDITATION The waterbodies attarct a lot of birds. To maintain this, no built with a lot of influx is placed near the waterbodies. The landscape around the waterbodies are developed for nature meditative purposes.
6. TRAILS LINKING VARIOUS BLOCKS DEDICATED TO CHAKRA THERAPY
STAGE 4
Using the existing lines of trees , water canals on the site, trails have been developed connecting other built functions. Each trail is dedicated to a chakra for therapy purposes. So the built and the landscape along the trail respond to their specific chakra.
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Fig 9.1. : Final model photographs ( Source: Author)
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........... JURY COMMENTS
1. The jury was interested in the concept of pyramid and asked the concept behind it. Pyramids when subtended at an angle of 51.5 degrees are shown to absorb the maximum magnetic energy proven by multiple scientific experiments. 2. The jury was taken through the whole journey from thesis propsition, design concept, evolution to the final outcome integrated with technology systems, services and landscape design. 3. The jury appreceiated the overall design as a good effort. 4. The jury raised questions regarding the technology systems incorporated, the structure of the pyramid and services dealth with.
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