Mars Home
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A permanent settlement on Mars: The architecture of the Mars Homestead Project Georgi I. Petrov Project Architect Laguarda.Low Architects
Bruce Mackenzie Mars Foundation
Mark Homnick Mars Foundation
Joseph Palaia, IV Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Graphic by Georgi Petrov, Š 2005 Mars Foundation
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Mars Homestead
The Mars HomesteadTM Project is an interdisciplinary effort having the following objectives: 1. Establish the needs for a first permanently inhabited settlement on Mars. 2. Develop a design for that settlement. 3. Identify specific ISRU and manufacturing technologies. 4. Build full-scale terrestrial analog. 5. Develop and test the necessary technologies and systems.
The Mars Homestead project is a detailed design for the first permanent settlement built by maximizing the use of local resources. It serves as a standard to which other proposals can be compared, and is analogous to the Mars Design Reference Mission (DRM) and the first missions to Mars. Separate publications will detail strategies and solutions for other disciplines: - computing systems - communications - medical factors -waste recycling system - greenhouse design - mineral and gas processing systems - plastics manufacturing - manufacturing systems
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1)
Project setting
DRM has been completed •
Class II - prefabricated and surface assembled base.
•
Facilities for 12 people Pressurized habitats Functioning ECLSS Rovers and other construction equipment Sufficient ISRU capabilities
• • • •
2)
Phase I of Permanent Settlement •
Class III - ISRU derived structure with integrated Earth components base
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Space for 12 people
•
Potential to expand to ~100
Base Class definitions by Cohen and Kennedy AIAA1997
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Gravity and Temperature
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Gravity
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Temperature
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Elevation and Atmospheric Pressure
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Olympus Mons
=
Mt. Everest
= 320 mb
Potosi, Bolivia
= 620 mb
Sea level
= 1013 mb
-6000 m
Hellas Planitia
=
-11000 m
Mariana Trench
Elevation
Atmospheric Pressure
24000 m
8854 m 4000 m 0m
1 mb
10 mb
Š 2004 Georgi Petrov
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Radiation
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Solar wind
Cosmic rays
Solar flares
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Construction Methods
Construction Methods
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PRESSURE VESSELS - inflatables or rigid shell structures - relatively simple deployment operations - can be pre-tested
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MASONRY - manufacture masonry units using compressed and sintered regolith or cut stone - using leaning arches and self supporting domes, one can construct a wide range of spaces using no scaffolding.
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Construction Methods
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membrane stress - allows views and surface access - compartmentalized space - optimize the shell as a pressure membrane - cover with ~1m of regolith for radiation and micrometeoroid protection
vs.
weight of regolith cover - allows larger open spaces - no view -1.5 g/cm3 regolith density and 60kPa internal pressure – 10 m of regolith are required. - Make sure that load lines for both load pressurized and unpressurized load case fit inside the masonry.
Pressure vessels for spaces that require access to the exterior:
Regolith covered vaults for larger spaces with no view:
– manufacturing, greenhouses, MEP, and private quarters.
– public areas, kitchen/dinning, labs, and baths.
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pitched-brick vaults
Masonry Techniques self-supporting domes
- work to be done most telerobotically or automated - where humans are needed they work inside a pressurized reusable construction tent
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Standard Pressurized Modules
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Round Connector Volume = 29m3 Surface Area = 45m2 Floor Area =
m2
Radius = 1.9 m Short Standard Module
Long Standard Module
Private/Garage
Manufacturing/BOP
Greenhouses
Volume = 84m3
Volume = 100m3
Volume = 227m3
Volume = 322 m3
Volume = 631 m3
Surface Area =100m2
Surface Area=118 m2
Surface Area =194m2
Surface Area =322m2
Surface Area= 605m2
Floor Area = 25 m2
Floor Area = 30 m2
Floor Area = 50 m2
Floor Area = 100m2
Floor Area = 200 m2
Length = 7.2 m
Length = 8.5 m
Length = 8.5 m
Length = 17.5 m
Length = 33.5 m
Radius = 4.0 m
Radius = 4.0 m
Radius = 6.0 m
Width = 6.0 m
Width = 6.2 m
Graphic by Georgi Petrov, Š 2005 Mars Foundation
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Site
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Candor Chasma Valles Marineris
Site
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Site
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Š Kees Veenenbos
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Site
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Ophir Chasma
West Candor Chasma
East Candor Chasma
Melas Chasma
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High resolution images from MOC on MGS, superimposed on a context image.
Site
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Site - Detail
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Site - Context
Possible locations for landing zones that don’t overfly the settlement Settlement
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Site – Terrestrial Scaled Comparisons
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Scaled Earth city texture -Venice, Italy -US capitol, Washington DC
north hill
-North End, Boston MA -Suburb, Champaign IL
Heights above plane
large mesa
settlement hill - 40 m
settlement hill
large mesa north hill
1km
0.5km
0
- 70 m - 100 m
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Site
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Graphic by Georgi Petrov, Š 2005 Mars Foundation
Site
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Site Data Latitude
6.3째 S
Longitude
70.1째 W
Elevation of Chamsa floor
- 4800 m
Noon Sun Angles
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Organization Diagrams
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Linear City Derived from historical precedents by Arturo Soria and Le Corbusier. Efficiency in transportation, infrastructure, safety, and expandability. Separately pressurized segments with inflatables or regolith supported masonry Keeps the settlers alive.
Organization Diagrams
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Utilities Air, water and power distribution in sub floor panels
Organization Diagrams
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Entrance
Organization Diagrams
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Work spaces
Organization Diagrams
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Private quarters
Organization Diagrams
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Social spaces
Organization Diagrams
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Spaces arranged along the infrastructure organized through the relationship between the humans and the vegetation.
Organization Diagrams
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vegetation as symbol A special place immediately between the main entrance and the formal meeting space. Plant five special trees on arrival – one for each continent. Symbolize hope in the future of the settlement. The trees will grow as the settlement expands. When people arrive from Earth the first thing they’ll see as they enter is the grove of trees.
Organization Diagrams
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vegetation as mediation of views Views of Mars are mediated by vegetation. Look at the RED of Mars through the GREEN of terrestrial life. Every private suite has a small garden area in front of its window. Terminate connector segments with small gardens and a window to Mars.
Organization Diagrams
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vegetation as life support Greenhouses have optimized, light, temperature, and structure for specially designed plants. Integrally tied to the life support infrastructure.
Organization Diagrams
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vegetation as green belt Where work areas need to provide a connection, use a row of vegetation to separate the circulation from the work spaces.
Organization Diagrams
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vegetation as mediator of social life Clearing in the woods A Chinese garden Social space is surrounded and protected by trees. The edges of the space are hidden thus the limited size of the space is obscured.
Organization Diagrams
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Organization Diagrams
vegetation as mediator of social life - variations
The Common
Pocket Gardens
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Specific Design
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Lower Level Plan
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Graphic by Georgi Petrov, Š 2005 Mars Foundation
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Core Settlement
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Lower Level
Graphic by Georgi Petrov, Š 2005 Mars Foundation
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Core Settlement
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Upper Level
Graphic by Georgi Petrov, Š 2005 Mars Foundation
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Power, ECLSS, and Manufacturing
Graphic by Georgi Petrov, Š 2005 Mars Foundation
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Section AA
Graphic by Georgi Petrov, Š 2005 Mars Foundation
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Graphic by Georgi Petrov, Š 2005 Mars Foundation
Section BB
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Site Plan
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100m
Graphic by Georgi Petrov, Š 2005 Mars Foundation
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Site Plan - Expansion
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100m Graphic by Georgi Petrov, Š 2005 Mars Foundation
Welcome to Mars
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50
100
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Graphic by Georgi Petrov, Š 2005 Mars Foundation
Welcome to Mars
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Graphic by Georgi Petrov, Š 2005 Mars Foundation
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Acknowledgements
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Programming Team of the Mars Home Project: • James Burk - communications • Gary Fisher -waste recycling system • Robert Dyck- mineral and gas processing systems • Damon Ellender - manufacturing systems • Krishnamurthy Manjunatha - computing systems • Richard Sylvan - medical factors • Inka Hublitz - greenhouse design • Frank Crossman - plastics manufacturing • William Johns - psychological factors
www.marshome.org
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