Maine Fish and Game Magazine, Annual Report Issue, Fall 1962 by Maine State Library

Governor John H. Reed

FISH AND GAME Department of Inland Fisheries and Grune Roland H. Cobb

STATE OF MAINE

Commissioner George W. Bucknam Deputy Commissioner Stanley P. Linscott Supt. of Hatcheries Maynard F. Marsh Chief Warden Dr. W. Harry Everhart Chief, Fishery Division Lyndon H. Bond Co-ordinator, Fishery Research C. Keith Miller Business Manager Kenneth W. Hodgdon Chief, Game Division Carll N. Fenderson Director, Information and Education Laurence F. Decker Chief Engineer Robert H. Johnson Director of Research and Planning Maine Fish and Game is published by the Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Game, Augusta, Maine. Carll N. Fenderson, Editor William C. Mincher, Managing Editor Kenneth E. Gray, Photo Editor William W. Cross, Writer - Photographer No advertising accepted. Permission is granted for reprinting any text in this magazine provided credit is given the department and Maine Fish and Game. Unsolicited manuscripts, photos, etc., will be handled with care; but Maine Fish and Game cannot assume responsibility for loss or damage to same. They will be returned to the sender if accompanied by sufficient postage.

CREDITS All photographs in this issue were made by the Information and Education Division unless otherwise noted. Sketches, including back cover, by Ted Bunker. Front and inside cover photos by Ken Gray.

Maine Fish and Game - Fall, 1962

Annual Report Issue Fall, 1962

Vol. IV, No. 2

2 Hunting Season Review-1961 4 Game Cookery - Maine Style 6 Gun Safety Progress Report 7 The Hatchery Story The Dam Builders 10 The Cheaters 13 Trapping - A Disappearing Art 14 Atlantic Salmon Report 17 Notes from the Field 18 Deer-0-Gram 19 Wildlife Quiz 21 Letters, Notes, Comment 22 Answers to Wildlife Quiz 23

Carll N. Fenderson Kenneth E. Gray Dean S. Jordan William W. Cross John H. Hunt Carll N. Fenderson Kenneth E. Gray Alfred E. Meister Kenneth W. Hodgdon

ANNUAL REPORT SECTION

Financial Statement Game Division Hatchery Division and Game Farm Engineering Division Fishery Division Warden Service Information-Education Division Life Story of the Woodcock

24 25 26 27 28 30

31 Back cover

THE COVER Photographer Ken Gray looked this young Maine bear square in the eye for another outstanding cover shot. The black bear is not classed as a game animal in Maine, but many believe it should be.

Hunting Season Review--1961 By Carll N. Fenderson people could get so gloomy over hunting prospects so quickly. The 1961 deer kill was down from previous modern records, but it wasn't because the deer weren't in the woods: It was because the critters didn't behave the way hunters thought they should. And the hunters, God bless 'em, got all panicked and bleary-eyed and suffered from various forms of hallucinations trying to account for the fact that they couldn't find deer. The number one panic button pushers last fall turned out to be the eagle eyed souls who started the rumors about Maine deer being infected with hoof and mouth disease. This false bit of scuttlebutt spread like crabgrass and even ended up as banner headline

hunting season will go down in the records as an all - time high for pushing panic buttons. Now that the smoke has cleared away and we can look back, armed with facts and figures- it seems almost unbelievable that so many AST FALL'S

stuff in some of the hot stove leagues. There was, as is usually the case in these matters, absolutely no basis for even the remotest chance of hoof and mouth disease being within a rocket ride of the Maine deer herd. Whoever started this one on its rounds must have had a little too much redeye. Then there were the "I saw umpty-ump dead deer yesterday up in such and such an area" boys. They kept Fish and Game Department personnel hopping to investigate. When the warden or biologist pinned down the woodswise "expert" who had seen all the carcasses, the "observer's" memory would suddenly fail him, or if it was possible to get the informant actually into the woods,

BIGGEST BUCKS, 1961 Name

Address

Where Killed

Date Killed

Firearm

Dressed Weight

Live Weight

Men Harold F. Keyes, Jr. Raymond Barker Edwin R. Aldus Leslie M. Lane Philip Bosse Edward E. Ulrich Sherwin Beane Bernard Thibeault Forest M. French W. G. Clifford

Harmony, Rhode Island Belgrade Lakes, Maine Hope, Maine Fairfield, Maine St. Agatha, Maine Scarboro, Maine Topsham, Maine Oxford, Massachusetts Sangerville, Maine Damariscotta, Maine

11/11/61 11/11/61 11/ 4/61 11/ 6/61 11/16/61 11/ 7/61 11/16/61 10/17/61 11/12/61 11/29/61

Sangerville Mt. Vernon Appleton Martin Stream T 17, R 4 Big Black River New Vineyard Parmachenee Sangerville Bremen

300 Savage 32 special 30-30 30-30 30 WCF 30-30 308 Win. 308 Win. 270 12-gauge

295 290 272 268 268 265 263 260 260 260

383% 368 360 348 348 345 342 338 338 338

30-30 12-gauge 250 Savage 308 30-30 410

234 23,0 226 224 220 220

304 299 294 292 286 286

Women Lillian B. Bagley Shirley Thomas Mary Billings Crystal Olson Lillian Atwood Kitty Munster

Madison, Maine Sanford, Maine Bethel, Maine Bangor, Maine Bath, Maine Rockwood, Maine

11/ 1/61 11/16/61 11/10/61 11/11/61 11/ 4/61 11/13/61

Solon Shapleigh Hanover Wellington No. Woolwich Misery

Maine Fish and Game- Fall, 1962

he neve1Âˇ seemed to be able to find the spot where the disaster took place. All in all, it was quite an interesting deer season. The official 1961 deer kill stands at 32,747 deer, which, incidentally, is the sixteenth year in a row in which the kill has. remained above 30,000. The "Biggest Bucks in Maine Club," sponsored by the Department of Economic Development, recorded 411 bucks dressing out over 200 pounds. This. compares well with the previous year's total of 477 when you consider the kind of hunting season in 1961. A quick look at the accompanying tables should serve to assure the doubters that Maine's deer herd still has some craunchers roaming the woods. The top deer hunter, incidentally, turned out to be -a nonresident, which goes to prove that native sons don't get all the big ones. But let's face it, there were quite a few hunters around last fall who were keenly disappointed because they failed to nail the venison. My condolences go to these unlucky hunters, but about all I can do is recommend that they try again this year after reading Game Chief Ken Hodgdon's article on pages 19-21, which should bolster their spirits. The deer are still there, all right. Reports from the field this year have been encouraging for a good supply of game statewide. Deer are plentiful and in good shape. If the deer kill should turn out to be low again this year, the weatherman and unco-operative deer would have to share the blame.

game hunting last fall was generally good statewide. And perhaps the big news was the noticeable increase in grouse hunting success in many areas. Woodcock gunners had some PLAND

Maine Fish and Game - Fall, 1962

good flights well into the fall to provide action in '61, and reports are that another good season is in store. Snowshoe hare areÂˇ up in most sections, and this season will be a success if snow conditions are right. Last fall, heavy crusts made good dog work a bit tough in southern and central sections. But more interest in this sport seems to be se,e n each fall and winter, and it takes some really bad weather to keep the beagles at home. Interest in pheasant hunting

continues to grow in Maine, and last fall was no exception. And even though most of the birds are available on a "put and take" basis from the game farm and from sportsmen "co-operators," early fall shooting for the ringnecks provided plenty of action in 1961. This year, a bumper crop of pheasants from the game farm, augmented by some 13,000 birds raised by sportsmen cooperators, will provide a record number of the gamesters for fall stocking (more than 34,000). The drastic reduction in bag

limits for waterfowl, imposed last season, slowed down action considerably on the marshes. The ducks were there, however, and in fairly good numbers. Black ducks were much in evidence last year and provided top action for a smaller than usual number of waterfowlers. Late fall and early winter gunning for goldeneyes (whistlers.) proved productive for the hardier breed of waterfowlers. The weatherman, as usual, will hold the key to much of the hunting success this fall. Thanks to a

Pheasant hunting is becoming more popular each year in Maine. This fall a record 34,000+ birds will be stocked.

mild winter and a dry and comfortable spring, conditions were excellent for wildlife babies of all species. Good sized partridge broods and fawn deer were seen often this spring and summer. Even the most pessimistic of wildlife observers have had to admit that conditions point to a successful fall season as far as game supply is concerned. What the weatherman and hunters are able to do is something else again. 3

Thoreau's Indian guide, Joe Aittean, boiled him a moose tongue for dinner at North East Carry back in 1853, sportsmen had been looking for new ways to cook wild game. Not that there was anything wrong with the way he boiled the tongue, but there are many other cuts of good meat in a critter and they wouldn't all be good boiled. Good cookbooks are easy to come by, but they seldom include wild game cookery. Many of the better recipes are passed down from one generation to the next, never finding their way into print. The rabbit recipe contributed here by Miss Clark, for instance, is a masterpiece of her own creation. Any hunter worth his No. 6 shot should be able to provide the cook with an ample supply of rabbits. The fried muskrat recipe was learned from an old trapper on Enchanted Township more than twenty-five years ago. It tasted good then, and I expect that it would taste good now. (How unfortunate that animal hadn't be.en called a marsh rabbit ins,t ead of a muskrat so that everyone could enjoy eating it.) Homemade deer meat mincemeat is in a class by itself, tasting little like the store boughten variety. This particular recipe is well over one hundred years old and isn't far short of perfection. LONG BEFORE

HORACE BOND'S BAKED DUCK

Surface-feeding ducks may be pÂˇr epared with almost any recipe used to cook poultry. However, many stories concerning tough ducks originated with a coot or some other diving duck improperly prepared. The following recipe is a favorite with Horace P. Bond of Bangor, and was originated by him: Mix 1 cup sherry wine ; 1 can consomme; 112 cup chopped celery ; 112 cup chopped carrots ; 112 teaspoon salt. Baste duck with above mixture every 5 minutes in moderate oven, 350Â°, until cooked to desired tenderness. 4

By Ken Gray

HINTS ON COOKING GAM.E Although there is usually confusion in the household the first time the hunter of the family brings home game to cook, this can easily be eliminated. First, all game should be cleaned as soon as possible after shooting. From the psychological standpoint, it should be ready for the cook when it arrives in the kitchen. Second, if you lack a game cookbook, remember that most cuts of deer meat can be cooked with the same recipe used for a comparable beef cut. Also, ducks and pheasants can usually be cooked by the same recipes used to cook chicken. If the game flavor of ducks is not desired, the birds should be parboiled for fifteen or twenty minutes in two teaspoons of baking soda, two teaspoons of black pepper, and water to cover four medium sized ducks.

CHARCOAL BROILED VENISON STEAK DINNER, MAINE STYLE

Rib, sirloin, rump, or round steaks are best for broiling. Cut to 2 inches thick. Trim off any fat from meat, and rub hot grill with salt pork. Rub steak with garlic one hour before broiling. Broil at medium temperature, and do not broil overdone if you want a tender steak. Baste frequently with melted butter. Turning the steak with tongs instead of with a fork will prevent juices from escaping. Shake on a small amount of monosodium glutamate after turning steak, to bring out the natural flavor. Serve with mashed Maine potatoes, tossed salad, fried onions, and hot biscuits.

1112

Maine Fish and Game - Fall, 1962

ROAST PHEASANT

CARPENTER'S BAKED COON

Skin, eviscerate, and remove all glands from coon. Remove as much surface fat as possible without damaging meat. Soak for three hours in slightly salted cold water. Wipe dry. Rub entire body of coon with a clove of garlic and small onion, sauteed together. Pepper and salt very thoroughly. Refrigerate overnight, enclosed in foil paper. Remove and stuff with chicken dressing. Place on rack in shallow pan. Roast in 325Â° oven, letting fat drip away from meat. Baste occasionally with fresh orange juice until well done, and serve with mint jelly. THE OLD TRAPPER'S FRIED MUSQUASH (MUSKRAT)

Remove scent glands from hind quarter s of 10 muskrats. Glands are light yellow, resembling small lumps of fat, and are found on t he under side of the thighs. If not removed, they give the meat an undesir able flavor. INGREDIENTS Onions - 2 small or 1 large Salt - 3 teaspoons Flour - 1 cup Nutmeg - 2 teaspoons Pepper - 1 teaspoon Paprika - 1 teaspoon Red pepper - ~ teaspoon Cooking oil

Pour small amount of cooking oil in large frying pan. Slice onions in frying pan and fry until transparent. Put other ingredients into large paper bag and shake until muskrat legs are well coated. Place in frying pan, and cook slowly until brown on both sides. Makes a generous helping for two men.

WINNIE CLARK'S SMOTHER OF RABBIT

In a large iron frying pan, place some butter or margarine, and melt it until very hot. Flour each piece of rabbit and place in hot frying pan. Brown well on both sides. Add water to cover, place cover on frying pan, and simmer on low heat until nearly tender. Add carrots, small onions, potatoes, celery, and any other vegetables. desired. Cook until done to taste. Maine Fish and Game - Fall, 1962

Young birds ar e best for roasting. They have gray feet, and the claws are shor t and round. Older birds are better stewed. Take one y oung, cleaned, dressed, and dr awn pheasant , 2 or 3 pounds. Salt and pepper inside of body and neck cavities. Stuff with dressing described below. Place slices of bacon or salt pork over breast and legs, and place bird, breast up, in roaster on rack. Roast in moderate oven, 350 Â°, about 11/2 hours. Remove cover and brown. DRESSING

Mix 4 or 5 cups of day-old white bread cubes with 11/2 teaspoons of sage or poultry seasoning; 1 maspoon salt; 1,4 teaspoon pepper ; 1 large onion, chopped; 1/3 cup butter; and enough warm milk or water to moisten all ingredients. Pack lightly in cavity of pheasant and truss.

Cut meat int;o small pieces, cover with boiling water, and simmer, covered, about 2 hours or until tender.. Remove meat and boil liquid (st.ock) down t.o about 1 pint. Put meat and suet through meat chopper. Ch<>P apples. Boil together raisins, currants, orange peel ( or citron), brown sugar, salt, molasses, spices, 1 cup meat stock, and cider in a large kettle. Add chopped apples, meat, and suet. Bring slowly to a boil, and simmer slowly for an hour and a half, stirring often. Pack at once in sterilized j&J'S. Seal. Cool and store in a cool place. 5

Gun Safety Progress Report By Dean Jordan Department Safety Officer

steadily ahead is the N.R.A. Hunter Safety Training program in Maine, with 782 qualified instructors signed up so far. They have trained 4,225 boys and girls in the fundamentals of gun safety. Many of the new students got their training at various summer camps, whose counselors were trained this summer as N.R.A. instructors. Qualified persons who start this important work find that teaching boys and girls is rewarding. Youngsters are naturally interested in guns and hunting, and a gun should not be a forbidden implement to be investigated in secret or handled without skill. If a knowledge of guns: and hunting is part of a boy's education, the chances are good that he'll do no harm to himself or to others. 6

OVING

Glen Sprague, above, hands out certificates to a class of the many boys in the Ellsworth area who have attended his hunter safety trai ning sessions. He is typical of the men who have devoted many hours to starting young sportsmen off in the right d irection. At upper right, an improvised "fence" is used for practice in crossing it p roperly. Sprague has been instructing youngsters in classes averaging about twenty. The N.R.A. program requires a minimum of four hours instruction, but these classes receive eight to ten, including some outdoor shooting. The department safety officer, Warden Dean Jordan, is working with organi ze d groups in order to help spread hunter safety training to as many young people as poss-ible. Twenty summer camp counselo rs attended a three - day session this June at Naples. Warren Cheek, N.R.A. training official from Washington , D. C., gave instructor-training to the group. In the center and bottom photos, right, Cheek and Jordan (uniformed) work on the rifle range with the counselors. Prospective instructors who want full information on the N.R.A. program should get in touch with Jordan at department headquarters in Augusta. Maine Fish and Game - Fall, 1962

THE

HATCHERY STORY By Bill Cross

Whether the fish are stocked by plane or by hand, they must first be hatched and raised. It's a big job, and these few pages can cover only the highlights. For further information, write for the booklet, ~~Fish Culture in Maine," which has more details on Maine's hatchery system. Maine Fish and Game - Fall, 1962

A fine, wild landlocked salmon, take n by netting, is transferred to a holding pen. It wi ll be stripped and then released in the water it came from.

A large ma le salmon is stripped of its milt wh ich is mixed with eggs in the pan. They hatch in about two months.

Care must be taken with young fish to be sure they are strong and healthy. Their water is treated at regu lar intervals.

Young fish start feeding on finely ground beef liver. Later, brook and brown trout receive food in pell~t form.

first state-owned fish hatchery was constructed in 1895 at Caribou in Aroostook County. Others were built following the successful operation of this installation, and by 1949, the hatchery system had grown to forty-four stations. Since that time, the Department of Inland Fisheries and Game has combined many of the smaller stations into larger and more efficient units, taking advantage of the excellent and abundant water supplies available from our lakes. The department now operates thirteen modern hatcheries and rearing stations, with a staff of thirty-four trained fish culturists. Each year the Hatchery Division produces about 1,000,000 landlocked salmon, 1,150,000 brook trout, 200,000 lake trout (togue) , and 100,000 brown trout. Using a stocking policy prepared by the fishery scientists, department personnel place the fish in waters where they provide the best possible return to fishermen. AINE'S

Maine Fish and Game - Fall, 1962

As the embryo develops, its eyes can be seen as dark spots within the egg which is then called an eyed egg.

These young togue are ca lled sac fry because for a few weeks they carry the yolk sac which provides nourishment through a network of tiny blood vessels.

Hatchery fish are sometimes marked by fin clipping. The marked fish are identifiable for use in fi shery studies.

The modern Maine hatchery, with its neat rows of concrete pools, and large supply of cold water, is a far cry from early units. Maine Fish and Game - Fall, 1962

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HEN SOMEONE mentions the word beaver, what thoughts come to your mind? A trapper might think of many hides on stretching boards, while the fisherman could dream of trout rising on a small beaver-pond. Flooding by beavers might cause a farmer to remember when a back meadow was too wet to mow, or a woods operator to recall his frustration when his haul road was damaged. Nature's flat-tailed engineer has made his presence known for centuries. The effect of a new beaver-pond, for example, is far-reaching, long-lasting, and mostly beneficial. Low-growing shrubs appear around a new pond and serve as food for deer and rabbits; earthworms increase and provide food for woodcock; grouse (partridge) and many nongame birds feed on the fruit- and nut-bearing shrubs; raccoon, mink, and otter enjoy the new food supply and playing ground; and waterfowl are provided with the very best of nesting and brood-rearing sites. These are but a few of the many favorable aspects of the small ponds created by beavers. There are also some unfavorable features of these ponds. For instance, migrations of spawning fish might be adversely affected, merchantable crops of trees might be killed, and roads might be flooded. However, on the average, the benefits of beaverponds far outweigh their faults. With all these profound and far reaching effects,

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let's consider what the animal is like that causes it all. Beaver colonies in their unmolested state are mostly family units. Male and female stay as mates as long as nothing happens to either of them or the colony is not disrupted. They usually mate as twoyear-olds and form a new colony, getting together some time during the summer and setting up housekeeping in the fall. They build a house or excavate a bank den and put a brush pile under water for winter food in an existing pond or one they have created by building a dam. Thus, a new colony is started, and many ponds and colonies appearing for the first time are these newly mated beavers starting out. These colonies may or may not be near an already established col-

Bea ver build houses along shorelines and also out in the water. Twigs protrude from the underwater food pile for winter use. Maine Fish and Game - Fall, 1962

One of nature's most industrious and resourceful citizens often finds that his enthusiasm for construction goes unappreciated by man.

Dam

uilders By John H. Hunt, Game Biologist

ony; they were frequently ref erred to by old-time trappers as "break-off colonies." Not until the sec-. ond fall after its establishment does the colony contain a full family complement. During the period from mid-winter to early spring, adult beaver in Maine were found to average forty pounds in weight. In the same period, kits averaged seventeen pounds, and yearlings, twenty-four pounds. Beavers breed in February, and the single litter of two to eight "kits" - four is the average - is

born in late May. Like some other animals, including man, the female beaver stays home, having and tending her young while the male travels about. He starts his jaunt soon after the ice goes out and returns to the home pond infrequently during the summer. He returns more often during the late summer, and by the time the fall chill is in the air, he is busy helping the female to gather the brushpile for winter food and to repair the house and dam. On his second summer of travel, the male is accompanied, at least in part, by the young of last year which are now yearlings. These yearlings return with him and take their part in the fall preparations. The next spring, these beavers, are two-year olds and depart with the male again along with a new set of yearlings. But instead of returning with him in the fall, they find mates, and a new family of "break-offs" is formed. Many things may happen to interfere with and change this well ordered existence. One of the adults may be trapped so no kits arrive that year; high water may cause the family to move up the watershed to a new location, or low water may cause them to move down; they may move in search of better food conditions; several of them may end up on the trapper's stretching board; and competition with another colony for space and food may cause them to break up, and move. Other things could happen so we might find almost all possible combinations of sex and age occupying a site, but in the average unmolested colony after two breeding seasons, we can expect to find the adult pair, about four yearlings, and about four kits. If you come across a colony in the fall, take a look at the butt end of the brush in the food pile. Several inches from the end will be found a set of tooth marks. If you can find two different widths of tooth marks where the beavers took hold of them,

A corrugated pipe device, called a snorkel, lets water through the dam and prevents flooding of roads and fields.

you know there are both adult and yearling beavers in the colony. Kit beavers leave their identification on small twigs from which they remove the bark. On these twigs can be seen their very fine tooth marks. Beavers have been found to cut almost all species of shrubs and trees - some as large as fifteen inches in diameter. The bark of many of the cuttings is used for food while some cuttings. are used as construction material for the house and dam. Poplar is the favorite beaver food and, where it is found, will be used to the exclusion of other wood. Areas that have been burned or have a lot of hardwood will support more colonies than areas of much softwood. To use all this wood, beavers employ their four front incisor teeth, two uppers and two lowers. These teeth have a layer of hard enamel at the front and soft dentine at the back. Constant use wears away the dentine and leaves a chisel-shaped biting edge. These teeth grow constantly. If for some reason, such as breaking off, for example, they are not used, they continue to grow in an arc back into the skull, causing death. Beavers are best known, of course, for their pelts and their construction ability. Beaver trapping in Maine reached a peak in 1946 when trappers sold

$300,000 worth of pelts. Trapping isn't so profitable now, with low prices paid for most wild furs, but beaver still brings in about $120,000 a year to Maine trappers. As for construction, that's the beaver's line of business. His house of wood and mud, or excavated bank den, the brush pile for winter food, the dug canals and the dam or dams are without equal in ' our local animal world. The way the dam is made is especially ingenious. Sticks with branches left on them are used to start a new dam. These branches are usually alder as it grows near water but is used little for food. They are laid with the butt end downstream so that the upstream side is a tangle of small branches. Into this tangle are put mud, rocks, and other debris to make it watertight. The force of the water holds all the material in place. The engineers continue to chink it up with other woody material from which they have eaten the bark, so the dam continuously takes on more mass and height. When you happen on a place where our rodent friends are in the business of living, stop and take a close look at their activities. Take a check around, too, for other creatures of the wild that like the same spot as improved by the beavers. You will surely be fascinated by it all.

A nuisance beaver which has been caught in a live-trap su lks as he awaits transportation to an area where his construction work won't be bothersome to man.

Maine Fish and Game - Fall, 1962

THE CHEATERS By Carll N. Fenderson

governed by a set of rules has its cheaters. The hunting and fishing sports are no exceptions, as any experienced warden will testify. No one knows why this is so, any more than anyone knows why there are just so many rotten apples in a barrel. The point is, we must have laws and people to enforce them because we've got cheaters. Hunting and fishing cheats are usually referred to as poachers, which is a misnomer: What have hunting and fishing to do with eggs? The term cheater is better because somehow this really sounds like a bum, and that's the way it should be. Most of the market hunters and the real professional cheaters have long since passed from the scene. A goodly percentage of these bums are probably casting hot lead for the Devil right about now. The modern cheater is likely to come from almost any walk of life, and chances are he's the same cuss who starts forest fires, leaves beer cans and trash at all his campsites, smashes the farmer's fences and shoots holes in his barn, and hunts under a jacklight. And he's also the cuss, even though he's in a small minority, who causes problems for the real sportsmen to untangle. Time was when cheaters were pretty much ignored by law-abiding sportsmen, because nobody really gave two hoots if his neighbor plastered a deer at night or in the daytime - nobody, that is, except the game warden and a small handful of others. Today, game must be shared by more and more people each year, and the same is true of the land to hunt on. Cheaters are a "luxury" the everincreasing army of outdoor recreationists can ill afford to tolerate, and they are beginning to realize this. Penalties are getting steeper for hunting and fishing cheats, and law enforcement techniques are getting better. This adds up to trouble for the cheaters, but it doesn't eliminate the breed. It would probably take an atom bomb to do that. VERY HUMAN ENDEAVOR

Maine Fish and Game - Fall, 1962

Perhaps. most significant of all in this cheating business is the fact that Mr. Average Citizen is now willing to report a cheater and set a warden on his tail, whereas in the old days this would have been considered dirty pool on one's neighbor, no matter how many deer carcasses he riddled on a moonlight night. But no more. Wardens have allies now, and they really appreciate the help they get. There are actually two kinds of cheaters left on the hunting and fishing scene. The first, and by far the more common, is the "solid citizen" type who cries bloody murder when he's hauled into court after committing some sneaky offense he swears on a stack of Bibles he's not guilty of. Then there is the cheater who does his deed and brags about it, fine or no fine. Both types spell nothing but trouble for law-abiding sportsmen because they are nothing but parasites. While illegal hunting and fishing activit ies will probably never be completely eliminated - human nature being what it is - it's a safe bet that these activities will be less prevalent in the years to come. In just the last few years, sportsmen have seen their world shrink tremendously. Competition for water and land space, and for the game itself, is. becoming greater. This means that every technique possible must be used to provide hunting and fishing for the future. And this, in turn, really put s the heat on the cheaters, because this breed is no longer looked upon as little Nemo robbing the cookie jar.

An experienced muskrat trapper will set about one hundred 'rat traps and in two or three days will move them to another marsh, having picked up all the 'rats he feels should be taken from the area.

FAST DISAPPEARING from the Maine scene is the professional trapper, and ironical it is that low fur prices, rather than the lack of fur bearers, are the reason. In spite of the encroachment of civilization in our wilderness, there are more beaver (and probably other fur bearers) than there were one hundred fifty years ago. The day when men bought and sold trap lines and fought for the right to run them is now history although still within the memory of many. Today, several trappers may "set up" traps for the same beaver colony in complete harmony, and the spirit of competition is keen. To be a successful trapper, one must spend years: in the woods, observing animal habits. Where the mink travel along the bank of the stream, where the beaver keep channels open under the ice, and where the bobcats cross through the swamp - these are things that can be learned only by observing. Few men today are willing to take up the rugged life of a trap,p er, and those who do find their reward in values other than gold.

Bobcat trapping is a sideline for most beaver trappers. When a beaver is "skun" out, the carcass is dragged back into the woods a "fair distance, " thus forming a scent trail, and a 'cat set is made. Maine Fish and Game - Fall, 1962

The old Henry Redmond trapping camp on Lower Enchanted, built near the turn of the century, was used by trappers until the late I 930's. In spite of a dirt floor and pole bunks, it was a welcome sight to a snowshoe-weary trapper. Many an old time trapper didn't fare as well for shelter.

The skill with which pelts are processed determines, in a great part, their market valuÂˇe. " Fleshing," or removing the flesh from the hide, is usually done with a razor-sharp knife, after which the pelt is stretched and dried.

One hundred sixty-seven beaver pelts is about an average season's take for veteran trapper Ray Porter of Shin Pond. Ray uses both snowshoes and airplane on the trap line. After the season closes, Warden Sherwood Howes, on right, tags and marks his pelts.

Jl-tQantic SaQmon lREfOnt By Alfred L. Meister Salmon Commission Biologist

salmon are subject to the whims and fancies of the weather from the fertilized egg to the returning adult so eagerly sought by the angler. Without enough rainfall, for example, water levels drop, nursery areas are reduced in size, water temperatures rise rapidly, and the returning adults encounter difficulties retarding their movement in the streams. Under such circumstances, the angler encounters not only a scarcity of fish but, frequently, insufficient water to fish properly. Such has been the story on Maine salmon streams this season. As Maine Fish and Game went to press, the following rod catches had been reported: Dennys River, 54 fish; East Machias, 7; Pleasant, 14; Narraguagus, 56; Machias, 74. The catches are below the long-term average. The removal of the ledge obstructions from the Machias River gorge in the fall of 1961 enabled salmon to enter the river TLANTIC

thisÂˇ spring at the earliest date since the restoration program began in 1947. In addition, the fish were noticeably free of injuries as compared with other years. At press time, 376 fish had entered the river, and 291 of these had passed over Whitneyville dam - the last troublesome obstruction on their upstream migration. Many of these fish were over fifteen pounds, or in the trophy class, with the largest estimated at 30 pounds. Continuing studies on the N arraguagus have enabled commission personnel to tag 179 salmon ascending the fishway at the Cherryfield ice control dam. Of these tagged fish, 4 have been taken above the flowage ; 8 of the 12 fish taken at the counting weir at Beddington had been tagged at Cherryfield. At East Orland, where the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service rears the Atlantic salmon used in Maine's restoration program, noteworthy results are being obtained with a new test diet. Fish fed the new diet, containing a high percentage of freshlyground whole fish, are exhibiting an excellent growth rate. The experiment is one more step in the search for a better product that will ultimately benefit the angler. Congratulations. are extended to the sportsmen's clubs on our

The gorge in the Machias River, just below the dam in the town of Machias, has been improved by rock removal and now presents a lesser obstacle to migrating sa lmon. Maine Fish and Game - Fall, 1962

down east rivers for their cooperation in helping the commission collect rod catch data. Congratulations for a job well done go to the Dennys and N arraguagus salmon associations for maintaining trash barrels, access trails, and lunch grounds on their respective rivers. Funds from the Machias Valley Sportsmen's Club and private contributions have enabled the sportsmen of the area to publish an access map of the Machias River and to finance the construction, on the East Machias River, of five pools between the bridges and an additional pool below the dam. The construction of several new pools on the lower reaches of the Narraguagus River was accomplished jointly by the Narraguagus Salmon Association, the Town of Cherryfield, and the Cherryfield Rod and Gun Club. In addition, the rod and gun club erected a fishing pier that enables the angler to fish satisfactorily one of the larger pools in the N arraguagus. Co-operative efforts such as these complement the Salmon Commission's river improvement projects. Making our rivers more attractive to nonresident as well as resident anglers will re~ sult in a substantial increase in the economic value of the fishery to the state and the individual communities.

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by Passamagamet Lake this past June. They dragged it behind their boat until it drowned. -Warden Supervisor David Priest, Lincoln Center We called him the Don Juan of Sebago Lake - this male landlocked salmon tagged at Raymond, Oct. 31, 1961. In search of a spawning area, he swam 141/2 miles and was taken by us, electro-fishing in the Northwest River, Nov. 17. We don't know how long he had been in the Northwest before he was captured. -Fishery Biologist Richard Anderson, Gorham

There have been several examples of unusual behavior by deer this year in Division A. Two deer invaded the Portland waterfront. The doe tried to get aboard the Coast Guard boat Cook's Inlet but finally got caught under a pier and drowned. The buck went into the Catholic church on Cumberland Avenue during mass and was subdued by two off-duty Portland policen!en. Another deer jumped through a window at a service station in Standish and spent the night in the grease pit. When the station was opened in the morning, the deer came out of the pit and out the door, happy to be on its way. - Warden Supervisor Charles Allen, No. Windham

In Gray, early this summer, two boys rescued a fawn deer that was under attack by a fisher. The youngsters were fishing a brook when they heard a crying sound nearby. Looking around, they found the fawn with the fisher biting at it. When they tried to drive the fisher off, it turned on them, but they were able to pick up the fawn. The deer had been chewed about its neck and had scratch marks on its back. It was taken to the game farm for treatment. -Warden Supervisor Charles Allen, No. Windham

On June 15 this year, I checked into a very unusual complaint. A calf which had been born some time during the night in a pasture well off the road had been shot before the following sunrise. The hind quarters had been partially skinned out with a knife. Apparently when the persons involved saw what they had killed, they left in disgust. This must establish some sort of record for night hunters - killing a newborn animal that never saw daylight. It's the kind of depredation that unites farmers in a solid front against night hunting activities. -Warden Charles Tobie, E. Newport

Laurence Hall, who operates a real estate and camp business at Greenville on the Highlands, has a tame snowshoe hare. First tamed a year ago, the animal survived the winter, and when the Halls returned from their winter residence in New Jersey, the rabbit greeted them at their camps and accepted handouts again. The rabbit's favorite food is bread - unbuttered preferred. -Game Biologist Harold M. Blanchard, Greenville

Just how elusive is the wary animal so often referred to as "the elusive white-tail"? The game commission in Michigan did some work to show that although an area may contain lots of deer, it's not so easy to find them. They fenced in a square mile of hardwood growth, open pine barrens, and conifer swamps and released some deer. From three to ten hunters spent eighteen days over a three-year period trying to bag the deer. On one clear, calm day, six hunters gave it a try. A light snow made tracking conditions excellent. The hunters knew that there were thirty-nine deer there and that most of them had never been fired at. The hunters kept at it for four days - 151/2 mandays of hunting - before they even saw a buck. When an any-sex season was permitted, it took fourteen hours to shoot a deer, and during a bucks-only season, it took fifty-one hours to take a buck! Hunters were allowed to stalk, trail, stand, or organize drives. They soon realized that the deer seen in the woods represent a very small portion of the entire herd present. Maine Fish and Game - Fall, 1962

The n1essage at the left tells the story in a nutshell; for more details, read the article below. By Kenneth W. Hodgdon Chief, Game Division

HE MONTHS between last year's deer season and now have been busy ones for Fish and Game Department personnel. Much concern was expressed by sportsmen in many sections of Maine over the drop in the deer kill. The fear was that the deer population had dropped suddenly and was at a dangerously low point. In order to provide up-to-date information on deer populations throughout the state, Commissioner Roland Cobb directed all field personnel to record all observations of deer and the conditions affecting them, and to report this information to the Augusta office regularly. The department, as steward of the game in the state, has been deeply concerned with maintaining optimum numbers of the various game species for many years. With this same sense of stewardship, we are pleased to report that the deer population appears

Maine Fish and Game - Fall, 1962

to be somewhat higher than in 1961. Some pertinent facts concerning the 1961-62 deer yard surveys and the 1961 deer season will be of interest to sportsmen. The deer yard data are taken from a report by Chester F. Banasiak, Deer Research Leader for the Game Division. Of the several deer yards surveyed by game biologists. during the winter of 1960-61, thirty were re-surveyed in the winter of 1961-62. These were in the Androscoggin, Kennebec, Piscataquis, and Seboeis river drainages. In addition, nineteen deer yards not checked in 1961 were checked in 1962. Included in the surveys were estimates of the deer population in each yard, thus giving us a comparison between the two years. Of the thirty deer yards for which populations were estimated in both years, seventeen were judged to have about the same number of

deer each year, twelve held fewer deer, and one showed an increase. It is obvious from this information that the game biologists saw somewhat less, rather than more deer sign in the winter of 1962. It is an established fact that last winter was unusually mild and that the previous winter was quite severe. This means that the deer were not confined to such small areas or confined for as long a period of time last winter as in the previous one. When the game biologists, checking the same areas during the two winters, found somewhat fewer deer in 1962, the cause may have been entirely or partially due to the fact that the deer were ranging wider and not frequenting the yards as much as in the previous, more severe winter. Considering this possibility, it is still felt that the deer population in the winter of 1961-62 was down somewhat from that of 1960-61. 19

cold weather did set in, snow came in such quantities that it made woods travelling very difficult, if not impossible, over a sizeable part of northwestern Maine. So the tricky fall weather of 1961 is another substantial reason for the low deer kill last fall in northern and eastern Maine. The 1961 deer kill is shown in the accompanying table. This, because it is listed by counties, shows best the location of the kill and emphasizes the fact that the drop in the kill was in northern and eastern Maine in contrast to southwestern counties. While the statewide kill was down 13 per cent from that of 1960, the kill in the northern zone ( 3) was down 26 per cent, the eastern zone (2) was down 27 per cent, and the southern zone ( 1) was up 1 per cent. This points out, quite effectively, the fact that

If we did have fewer deer in the winter of 1962, we should recognize when the loss occurred. Having had a reduced kill in the fall of 1961, an unusually mild winter in 1961-62, and no unusual losses during the summer of 1961, we come back as far as the spring of 1961 and the winter of 1960-61. We know that the winter of 1960-61 was severe and prolonged and apparently had the effect of reducing the fawn crop appreciably. This severe winter of 1960-61, then, was the main reason but not the only reason for the low kill of 1961. We are all well acquainted with the unusually mild and damp October and the first two weeks of November we encountered in 1961. This made it possible for deer to remain hidden in the woods behind much foliage while feeding on readily available foods - especially mushrooms. When

Deer Kill Summary by Counties, 1961

Deer Kill County

1961 Androscoggin Aroostook

1960

654

698

3,085

4,494

1961 Kill Per Sq. Mile

54.1

1.35

-31.4

62.6

.48 1.41 1.21

6.3

Cumberland

1,253

1,153

+ 8.7

52.9

Franklin

2,122

2,192

3.2

52.7

Hancock

2,521

3,406

-26.0

58.9

1.57

Kennebec

1,423

1,342

+ 6.0

54.1

1.63

-11.1

56.9

1.91

6.0

55.4

2.75

706

794

Lincoln

1,260

1,341

Oxford

3,837

3,663

+ 4.8

53.2

1.86

Penobscot

3,421

4,255

-19.6

57.5

1.02

Piscataquis

2,383

2,899

-17.8

58.2

.62 1.41

Knox

Sagadahoc

360

335

+ 7.5

51.7

Somerset

3,155

3,542

-10.9

55.8

.81

Waldo

2,107

2,382

-11.6

54.5

2.88

Washington

2,741

3,873

-29.2

58.4

1.13

York

1,719

1,405

+22.3

54.2

1.71

32,747

37,774

-13.3

56.3

1.08

Statewide

1961 Per Cent Males

Per Cent Kill Change

those zones opening early encountered more of the mild, poor hunting conditions. The other factor, previously mentioned, which had the effect of reducing the kill in northwestern Maine, was the heavy first snowstorm. This storm forced many hunters out of the woods and prevented many others from starting or completing hunting trips in that area. More detailed information will be available soon, on request, in a Game Division leaflet on the 1961 deer season. concernA ing license salesfact is that while N INTERESTING

the overall sales dropped about ten thousand, the sale of nonresident licenses actually increased slightly. It is believed that the unfounded rumors of many deer dying from various causes such as poisons and disease had the effect of reducing the number of hunters in the field. Some rumors persisted until late in the season and even into the winter and early spring when some reports of as many as eight dead deer were received. On two occasions, game biologists were able to find the persons who made the reports and accompanied them to the area of the dead deer. In several other cases, the persons making the original reports of seeing the dead deer could not be located and no follow-ups were possible. In the two cases where field inspections were made by game biologists, one dead fawn deer was found in one area; its death was attributed to starvation. In the other area, four dead deer were found, two of which died from the results of automobile collisions and two from shooting. Consequently, from these investigations, as well as regular and continuing studies made by the Game Division, it was apparent that no major die-off of deer had Maine Fish and Game - Fall, 1962

occurred during the winter, spring, summer, or fall of 1961. To get back to more current conditions, there is one other factor which should be mentioned - dogs. During the past mild winter, dogs killed many more deer than they usually do. This is a deplorable situation, and our game wardens are spending much time combatting it. I would like to say here that much will be gained if dog-owners support department efforts to control this problem and keep their dogs out of deer areas especially during the late winter and spring months. However deplorable this situation is, it occurs primarily in the more southern farm areas, not so much in the northern and eastern sections of the state where the deer kill dropped considerably in 1961. So the dog problem would not be one of the serious factors affecting a drop in the 1961 kill. Finally, the reports from our field observers indicate that the fawn crop this spring, following a mild winter, was good and that fawn survival also appears to be good.

HE MONTHLY reporting system required from Game Division field personnel includes a statement concerning a comparative estimate of deer numbers, yarding conditions during the winter months (including snow depths, crust conditions, temperature, wind velocity, etc.), any dead deer found, and other information which would be helpful in appraising the deer situation. This information was required on a monthly basis beginning in January, 1962, and following through to the present. A sample of the reports from various areas follows: ti • • • I believe I have seen more deer signs this July than during July, 1961. Two sets of twin fawns have been seen.

Maine Fish and Game - Fall, 1962

Reports are good concerning the fawn crop. . . . ti

" . . . Deer have had a favorable late winter and spring in contrast with the '61 season when extended late snow depths caused a heavy loss of deer mostly lambing losses. This year shows a marked increase in lambs .... Available food is not a problem in this area, but dogs are .... ti

"Deer are showing up very well throughout the region, but especially in the northern half. I have noticed wh~t appears to be an abundance of yearling deer in the area .... " There have been no reports or observations to indicate an abnormal shortage or abundance of deer. . . . Some wardens have reported a good percentage of twin fawn fetuses found in road-killed does . . . . ti • • •

parison purposes as more data are obtained. The tally was inaugurated in February, 1962, and it is planned to continue on a yearly basis.

HE OVERALL SITUATION now is that we should have a bigger deer herd in 1962 than we did in 1961. Hunting success during the coming season will, as always, depend on many factors, one of which is the deer population. The other factors could again work against us and pull down hunting success, but let's hope that this will not happen two seasons in a row.

tll have received many reports that deer are showing up very well. Almost everyone is quite impressed after last fall. As they say, 'Where were they during the hunting season?'. . . A local pilot believes that deer numbers are down in some sections of the back country, but no drastic die-off . . .. " " . . . Unusually mild weather in late March and early April expedited the release of the deer in this region from their normal wintering areas to their Snow spring and summer range. depths were not excessive to start with, and the warm sun eliminated the snow very quickly so that throughout April the deer gradually returned to feed in openings and fields where they might be more readily observed.

" " ... Deer are presently able to move about on a good crust in early morning and through the night. Thawing conditions at mid-day break down this crust and will not support deer. . . . At least three to four feet of snow in the open growth and two feet under softwood cover. Deer are sinking eight to ten inches and moving freely although temperatures of -41 ° F. have been recorded . . . . "

Game wardens are also keeping a tally of game they see daily while on regular patrol. From this information, we will be able to determine trends of game populations in about one hundred sections of the state. This will become more valuable for com-

WILDLIFE QUIZ 1. "Moving- at a snail's pace" is a common expression, but just how fast is a snail's pace in inches per minute? ' 2. The white-tailed deer is the most widely known and most hunted big game animal in North America. How many are there, probably, in the United States? 3. What is the best method of identifying a brown trout? 4. True or false: The shrew a mouse-sized mammal, might eat the equivalent of its own weight every three hours. 5. What habit of the togue or lake trout gives the best clue to the most successful method of fishing for them ? 6. How can a flying squirrel fly without wings? 7. Why is the lamprey usually considered an undesirable fish? 8. Porcupines look prickly, indeed. How many quills do you suppose one might carry ? 9. What is the value of the alewife, a member of the herring family, to Maine inland fisheries? 10. True or false: The snowshoe hare may produce up to four litters of young a year. (Answers on page 23)

of t he most easily identifiable differences is the size of the mouth. I noticed that the upper lip on both trout extended well beyond the eye, while on both t he parr and t he smolt, the lip ended about half-way back t hrough the eye. Your team is putting out a wonderful magazine, one long needed here in the state. Keep up t he good work.... Don L. Brough Skowhegan 3, Maine

LETTER.____

• You have a k een eye, Mr. Brough, as a good reporter should. These characteris tics do exist, as happens to be quite noticeable in the particular sketches you m ention . The differences a1·e relatively slight, though, and they var y f or different-sized fish within the same species, so they are not too dependable as identifying cha1·acteristics.

co Letters of general interest are welcomed.

They should

be signed, but initials will be used on request.

Deer and Dogs Just discovered your magazine ... a great bit ( ? ) of work. .. . Is there any suggested legislation to protect our deer from dogs during the crucial winter months? It seems pointle95 to protect our deer from night hunters, disease, etc., and then have someone's ... pet run them down and kill them just for sport. . . . John B. O'Connor Bradley, Maine • Our thanks for your compliments. Yes, the deer-dog problem is certainly a critical one. W e have legislation designed for protection of deer, especially during winter months. In F ebruary, March, and April, it is unlawful to let dogs run at large in areas frequented by deer. B u t, as you know, it is difficult to enforce these laws when so many dog-owners r efuse to .cooperate. You'd be surprised at how many people couldn't care less about dogs tearing a live deer apart.

How to Subscribe Today I had the pleasure of seeing your fine magazine for the first time. It was the fall, 1961, issue, and I found it most interesting. I ... could not find any information as to how one could subscribe to this publication. . . . Robert K. Deardorff McLean, Virginia • Having on ly a f ew issues under our belts in this new (to us) business of magazine publishing, w e have forgotten a f ew loose ends which we are gradually tying up. W e appreciate your calling our attention to t his matt er, as others have, and we will include the information in this and fu ture issues.

Salmon Identification Re your article "Let 'em go to sea" in the spring issue, I would like to add my observation on telling salmon parr and/ or smolt from a brook trout. Judging from the pictures on page 19, one

SUBSCRIPTION INFORMATION There is no charge at the present time for Maine Fish and Game. The magazine is published for the benefit of the public, in accordance with the aim·s of the Information and Education Division to create an interest and understanding in wildlife resources, the problems connected with management and conservation of the resource, and the work of the Department of Inland Fisheries and Game in accomplishing its objectives. Maine Fish and Game is published twice a year, with the fall magazine designated as an annual report issue. To subscribe, simply send your name and your post office address - be sure it is the post office address - to the Information and Education Division, Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Game, State House, Augusta, Maine. If you should change your residence, please let us know. Under our mailing rates, THE MAGAZINE IS NOT FORWARDED AUTOMATICALLY. Send your name, old post office address, and new post office address.

No Objection to Paying Have been reading magazines on hunting and fishing for many years. Here and there have found an article which rang with the truth or was interesting and appealing. Never however, have I so thoroughly enjoyed your Maine Fish and Game. From cover to cover it is absolutely incomparable. You are certainly to be congratulated. A. C. Eastman Bucksport, Maine

P.S. Would never object to paying for such a magazine. • W e appreciate those superlatives and hope to continue to rate t hem. If circulation increases should forc e costs too high, we might have to charge a small subscription price. I t's good to know that you and others would be willing to pay a little something to r eceive our magazine.

License Fees NONRESIDENT SEASON, FISHlNG ... . .. .. . 15-DAY, FISHING . .. . .. . . . . (EXCHANGEABLE FOR SEASON . , . .... . , .. , .... . JUNIOR, FISHING . .. .... . . . THREE DAY, FISHING . . .. . BIG GAME . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SMALL GAME . . . . . . . . . . . JUNIOR, SMALL GAME .. •. ARCHERY . . . . . . . ·, ... ....

8.75 5.75

. . . . .

3.25) 2.25 3.75 25.25 10.25 5.25 10.25

. . . .

2. 75 2.75 5.25 4.25

RESIDENT FISHING . . . . . . . . . . H U NT I NG . . . . . . . . . HUNTING & FISHING ARCHERY . . . . . . . . . .

. . . .

For other fees please write to the department. Maine Fish and Game -

Fall,

1962

Wide Circulation Many thanks for the spring issue recently received . . . . I had intended to compliment you about an article; then, upon reading further, I found that compliments are in order for each article - in other words, the whole issue. . . . I assure you that [each issue] will receive wide circulation through the Trenton, N. J. area . . . . H. E. Grant Robbinsville, N. J. • We're grat e f ul fo r letter s like these, of course, but hope that we receive some that are constructively critical. How can we make the magazine better ( other than by increasing its fr equency) ? Is the reading easy to understand? ls the subject matter as timely and interesting as we intend it to be? We'd like readers to let us know how we can improve, and we'd like more questions about wildlife and conservation projects w hich we can answer in these pages fo r all our readers. How about it?

Archery Questions I would like to see an article on archery hunting in Maine . . . . I would like to know if there are hunting camps catering to archers, and the game laws and seasons pertaining to archery . . .. I would like to see Maine Fish and Game published six times a year. Also, I would be willing to pay for a subscription. I am active in Boy Scouting, and this magazine has been a source of information on conservation projects. Harry J. Giblin Elizabeth, N. J. • W e have taken note of your suggestion for an archery article, and we will try to w ork one into a future issue. As for camp recommendations, we re f er such requests to the Maine P u blicity Bureau, Gat ewa y Circle, Portland, Maine, where much of this information is available.

Monthly Publication!! . . . would like to congratulate you on this very fine, highly informative publication. . . . I for one am highly favorable [of increased publication] and feel certain that thousands of other sportsmen must share this same view. Certainly the additional expense could easily be defrayed by paid subscription. . . . In my opinion there is very little information of this type now available to the Maine sportsman as compared to other states where I have resided .... Why not ... a good monthly issue of Maine Fish and Game ? I would like to add my appreciation for the fine hunting and fishing in this state, a condition made possible only through the hard work and diligence of Maine Fish and Game -

Fall, 1962

your department. work.

Keep up the good Frank Bain Westbrook, Maine

• A mont hly issue, we're afraid, would be too difficult for a noncommercial publication and would require a large crew. Quarterly publ:ication would most likely be our next step, and six issues a year would probably be the most f requent publication consistent with quality. We're planning to grow slowly, with a list of really interested readers, and let events develop naturally.

Publish Twice a Year . I would be willing to pay for [Maine Fish and Game] as it is. To publish it more often, I believe, would spoil its original purpose. I say leave it as it is, twice a year. Arthur E. Cassidy Rochester, N. H.

Answers to Wildlife Quiz on Page 21 According to a study by the University of Maryland, a snail does about three inches a minute. 1.

2. It is estimated that there are four and one - quarter million white-tails in the U. S. 3. Sometimes it's very difficult, but the typical brown trout is yellowish-brown with large and usually faintly-haloed brown or black spots on its sides, back, and dorsal fin. Often, there may be a few orange or red spots on the sides. Brownies may often resemble landlocked salmon, and the most reliable feature for distinguishing is by examining the vomerine teeth (in the roof of the mouth) . Brown trout generally have well - developed vomerine teeth, numerous, in a double or zigzag row. True. The fierce little anima l is on the go continually. A shrew will tackle animals much larger than itself and frequently win the fight.

• H ere's another outlook on the idea of more frequent publication. These letters may give readers an idea on the sort of quandary we find ourselves in. As we've said above, we plan to let things develop naturally and will be interested in· w hat our readers have to say.

Big Salmon [The spring issue] says the world's record landlocked salmon was caught . . . at Sebago Lake in 1907 and weighed 22% pounds. [In the] museum at tpe State House, I saw [one] .. . 25 pounds 2 ounces. Could you please set me straight on this? Richard Parsons Fayette, Maine • Other readers, too, called our attention to this. The answer is that the on_e in the museum was accidentally mis-labelled. It's an Atlantic salmon and has since been lab elled as such.

NEW ADVISORY COUNCIL MEMBER Governor John H. Reed has appointed Philip F, Rowe of West Buxton as a member of the Fish and Game Advisory Council. A fish culturist, trapper, and guide, the new councilor succeeds Nicholas G. Morrison of Oquossoc, whose term expired this year.

5. Togue like deep, cold water to live in, and fish to eat. Angling in deep water pays off best, as a rule.

6. They can't actually fly but do make short glides from tree to tree, with the use of a membrane along their sides, from wrist to ankle, which helps them glide through the air. 7. As far as game fish are concerned, lampreys are a menace because of their parasitic habits. In the Great Lakes, they have seriously depleted fish populations. The Maine Fishery Division is studying lamprey habits in the state, but there is no evidence yet that any of our fresh water game fish populations have been harmed. 8. Depending on the animal's size, of course, 20,000 to 30,000 quills might be carried, according to estimates. 9. Young alewives serve as food for game fish species, and their presence increases the productivity of lakes to suilport game fish. Alewives spawn in fresh water in late spring, with females laying from 60,000 to 100,000 eggs. 10. True, although two or three are more common, with three or four young per litter.

· The department was in· sound: financial condition at the ·· close· of the fiscal year although revenues decreased somewhat over the two previous years, primarily because of decreases in fines and fees and sales of resident licenses. Budgets are prepared on the basis of estimates made before the end of the year. Present estimates indicate that an amount must be set aside, from surplus, for operating costs in the next biennium. The Department of Inland Fisheries and Game is operated for and supported by sportsmen. Funds for department operations come from license sales, fines, fees , and so on not from tax money. The operating capital reserve is required to carry the department through the first four months of the fiscal year when revenues run below expenditures. The emergency reserve is maintained to finance department operations in the event of revenue dropping substantially, 'in case, for example, fire danger cause.a the woods to be closed, which would result in a·decrease in license sales revenue.

Financial Statement By C. Keith Miller, Business Manager

Res i den t combi nation licenses

9.83%

Res iden t h u n ti n g licenses

11. 98%

Reside n t fis h in g licen ses 12. 79 % No nresident fis h ing Hcenses

Fed eral aid;

The Income

Dollar

8.47%

Fi nes and fees

3.53%

A ll oth e r reven u e

3.30%

Feder a l ai1: DJ

1. 35%

Reside nt guide- t rap li censes

17.25 %

. 64 %

11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111

Ward en Ser v ice . 35.8 1 % A ll oth e r cost s

15.32 %

Ha t ch ery D iv ision

1 3. 90 %

Game Div is io n (75% P R ) 11.09 %

F is h e r y Divis io n (1 8.03 % D J)

7. 22 %

Adm in istr a ti on cos ts

6.30 %

W a rd e n a ircr aft

3. 12 %

In f o rmati on & Educa ti on Divisio n

2.89 %

Gam e f a rm

2. 24%

Eng in eering Division

2.11 %

The Expense Dollar

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·': ·-·~ ..-..... "' --~--," .. ~:~... ...... ~- .. :,..,· .. .-,-,._--:"""·-- '-··:~·; ~,~,-...,.._ ·<to ·qetermi:ne the·§ tat\ls··.of:- he~ e-er--p6l)U-.:":·r: · 1aiioi( f6no; irif the· fow.ldll oL 32,7J Tiii , Balan~e Jul~ ~ $·1;083,66,1.52 -. , fall ~f . 1961. . Altho~gh . imu~ually wa~ , . . , · ... ..: . ' ; . >· . · damp .weather prevailed durmg the first · ; .. : ..Adjus"tment. to ·.balance forward .... :.. . . . . . 18.95 · half of the deer season ' and deer were· con. . . Reimbursement from general fund ,surplus 294.63 ' ·tent to remain in dense cover, much concern was expressed .that the deer population had Total revenue~ . ..... : ... ·........ . : : . , .... . 2,169,661.97 dropped sharply . . Since the close of the 1 ·season, biologists and wardens have been 'Eotal available ' . .. ~,. .. .... .. .•; . . : ·.. ~ / -; . . . . • ~;253,ij37.0? reporting Qbser.vati.o ns w}.iich . have been Less total disbursements , . . : . : ·. : ...' .. 2,332,171.05 compiled· in the . Augusta office. These reCash __balanC'e June 30, 1962 . . .... . ., . . ... ,. .: ,9~1,460.02 ports indicate· that the over-wintering popu. ' lation was in about 'the usual numbers 'arid, · Reserve for emergencies .. . . . .. . . . . ... .. . <i .250,000.00 ·~ when. coupled with ·o bservations of faWI} , operating capital . .. _...... : .. ~ .. ..: .. _·... 150,000.00 pi;oduction, indicate a supply of deer for the .fall of 1962 somewhat, bett~r than that for Ertcumbered purchase orders outstanding 130,613.19

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Estimated ·. amount n~essary for depart5 lt}.ental 'during 1963-64/1964-6. > • • . . OP,erating b,1enillU8' ........ ..... .. . ·... .. ... :' . . .. . Res'~rved tOr building' fu0:d . ·. 1 • • • • • • :· • • • • • Balance of:stirpius n~t .encu~i>ered . .: ..... . I

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1961. Investigations. have icontinued on beaver, 84,458.00 woodcock, moose,. and waterfowl. While the. waterfowl :infon:p.ation. is pooled with • ' that of other sta;tes and Canada, our own data -s how hnpro'v:ed: populations of black , , , 200,000_.00 ducks and woo4 dqcks but fewer ringnecks. • •. ~- · so;ooo.oo is reported to ·• The A tlantic Flyway picture . I 56,388.83 be about the same as last' year, however. , An inventory of wetlancls and a study of ' .methods of utilizing beaver in marsh man. : • agement have ·continueq. ,·A. man.uscrip( on ·, . ' the history of deer in Maine has been com. . _pleted and wiil be in pr~ss tb.is. fall. . ' !. ' .1 . 'Developmental work.. inclµ'ded I the con' .struction of aµ . earth.en dike, . a ) concrete : . ditch-plug, and a r oad, at the Brownfield · ·game management ~r~a, · aiid aqout' five ·; hundred feet of road at the Fahi Pond game ·I · . management area, Duck. .nesting boxes ; "~ were ' erected in several places; fifty-five acres of rye, goose pasture wer~ planted. at · .. Swan Isla~d; and roads, signs, bpundaries, and equipment were maiptainetl. Management plans were written for the Brownfield: , and Swa..n· Island game :m'anagepient areas. , Furthfr lapd purchases _have beep :r;nade at the Scarboro marshes, and tlie St. Albans area 01, about five hundred acres has :been ·• · completed. .,

.Several larg,e woods operators are now ' . •lec)vi ri g coyer, strips (uncut wood) in .certain areas . Stri ps like this one around Haymock lake hejp fis~ and ga me . in sever.al ways and k~ep_ cutting · area~ ·more sightly. ,

Hun9ry de'e r, readiiAg as high as they ,can : have tal en all available ·( food: from these· branches. { ' Winter is hard.· on deer. ·

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. Aµthorized . salary increases ~nd ,. ,building-a.nd- ..... repafr ·costs wer~ .each about $13,000 h'igher than the ·· 7:r previous yea/ The cost of fish raised,: based: on,total i ;- : ~ .• -. hatchery expenses, increasid from ${:51 pJr pound 1~ to $J:.,8'9 per poup9; , •: · _! :: • ~ . Half the pers6nnel attended ·t.he rst in-service • t trai~ing school last winter at Camp Keyes, Augusta, ·/ 'f · • · . "{ and . t ~e ·o.H1.ers ~ ilfattend ·the ·two-d~y _school ; next ·· . , , ~ winter .. ·.S ubjecits J~clude feeding, fish ·ajlments, and .· , ;-~- . f gent r~l, ?Pe~'.1-titjg proc.e_d urer _ ·.· , ~ r _ . ~ Proffuctlon: ·-, We pro.du.ced 115;402 pounds of brook · · 1 tfouf/'20,284~pqun~spf 'bro'"'.n trout; ·21,781 · po~nds ";· ;, ; of lap~locked salmo.ri/ 469 pounds of AtJanti~ saJmon, ;. , .anA _;7 ,.~.90 pounds qf .tog4e. ' We planted the follow- ' + : ,in'g ':µtimbers and pounds,h t the· state w~ters. · .·; - -·---t ·- " , , ~Numb~rs ._:· ·· Pounds l < I

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More than· 30,000 six:w~eks-old, pnea~ants :were1 · . ' t '· ,hatched 'arrd ra~sed during ,1961, with :i:,,,9~6 xai&~d ·· - by co-operating· sportsmen, and the rest.being:xaised , , a.hd liberated_frQm the game farrri. : -~ :! J ' .I ~ t ' . ~ The pei:sonnel .buil~ many feeders' an<fTange\ihel- ' 'ters which, ~wi)f.!):,e. m0re .. efficient 'th'an, the pre~~nt : . ·method 'of- fJeding ln -t~e pen~ . . We tlo'J>e to .raise ; 34,000 to 35,00Q. birqs thii, year, with.1'.',liiQO going to ' s. . i ,~ · ·. · co-opera.tot . ! , 1

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..~- · ~ UIL~ I~~~ \ D~ubl~ ·g arages were des,igned: a,nd : ·~'- t>ui~t a t:th~ Little'ton ~ana tl\.e Deblois fi~h.hatcQetjes, - , , • .' - ~nd e~'t~nsive ,alterations rn.a~e to ~ dwellini at the 11: ·, " Grand '.i. Lake Stream }>.atchery, At tbe Embden ~ta; Sorti~g fish ' by size is .quickly . l. tion,d{two bedroom addition was made to the· dupleS,c ·~: done 5y this device built ·by d?,'el)irig. - l Engineering:' p~rsonnel 'painted the in- · • , hci'tchery personnel. 'Fisb ' g'row terior of the: offices ,at the Federal Street storehous·e .l:ietter in groups of same' .size > im Aug,usta, pl~ced concrete floors in the r~main.ing. .~) / . i f two,.bays, ~dde.d , , flooring ' tQ the buir}{' rooih· , 1rtstalled ' t.. . . t' ~ ;,, ••• STOCKED FRO~ FEDE~... L H~, ·Toii~RIES ' .: .- ., , 1 ·,, a·: h0t ~water J:~eµ.ter;- .instaUed' a··two-thousapd.:.gallon ~· i . . g~sdli~~ tapk )ui~ pump;: pa~~d th~: are~ i~.fro1:1t ·of , '~ ,· . N'umliers ', : I ' Pounds the buHding, a;n.d erected . a. ,steel cr:ib~retaini):lg ~all ; i '\. 1 !~f:~i~1:\mon : ~::~~~: ~: ? : in the . re~tr of the bu}Idfog· to iholg pack a steep .em- j ~ ' · . bankm~nt, . ~· '-·:, Largemouth bass t 64,500 § 1' ' . ·•. , .· ' ~ i . :,; . '. .' ;, . . 0 \ . .'' . ·:t ,, SURVEYS: :.:surveys were ,made'' at th~ New Glou~ ' ... , ,·, ,, '. . 1 ' 18'!;,02,~;'; t ~ 8 ,4 fi 5 · ;, • · ; ce~t'e r,ri~r.tr.ii.·sta~i~n·, at Govern:~r Hill ~atc;he~y;, at . •, ~ · . . ·r , .. ,_, ...... : ., . ' f ; ' ..t: .., , · .. ' f ... Scarboi;o marsh; ijrovv,nfiefd marsh, and' for a µum: . . 1 : 9ur broo:k t~OU~ .-~xp~rienc~d :a, d_l~ ary deficiencr , ,: . ber of. smaller 'dall).S, ,nshwi ys, ~Jid matshes; ·, j . · , '.; ~ ~ { tha,t was new tq .Ml:!:IJie. , A,pRareptll.' ·soip.e 0 { th.E: ~1:Y1-. . 1 FIS~W,AYS.:, Six : tishf _hys d~l igne.~.' dµring ;·' · ~ f ~eds . m~~~ th_e k1p~eys 1 maJfunqtt0 ~ and cam~e,, a ~- · 1 ~thi~ ··fi~ta.l ye·ar. · Fishw.ats- wer~ , l)uil~ ·at-c'athance ,: · >." 1 , gi;anulation-of the blood. Few fish .died,. and,we-,are.: .•. · · ~·. , .,,, · -,..,- · · ) ~;: :, . · , ,. . 1 \ ; , ' • r f .·i eicperimenting with ot~er ,foods to eliminate_the con-. ') l' ff - ..:..: : i : i .f -: : ,• r ·. ; . .,. ' . •: ~' ~ \t > ' . t-\ l<'• ;~ ' ,, ' .. d./t· ' . : ' :. ' ·, . ,! t \ . /, l , 1oq. ,; ' r '',., . ..,i ,. ,. .,. • :,. ...~ .. l,i. J't ••~: ' . ft I . :i. . :i 1 . \_. C~nstr.U:ctioit: . W~rk ' at Gr~nd .. Lake' Str~api{ w.:as : . i :. f )· .~ . :_: t, ' ' " ,_:,. , • - i, : .th i_ • i ', . ' · 'f} cornple:\ed ear)y ,la~t faU, and s~lmon ~B;Iid'?rdqk !r~Qt· ~'. ~ ; ;· were transferred from Enfield hatchei;y. . TMy grew , • : z veq :¥~1~, . .th~ :s~~~i9n:is operatihgf:to _i~~ ~xpected. ; : · capacity. .' . :~ , ' · . , , · : , . ·,· : . , ,· . .. ., , . ' . ' , 'Casco:,s· lja,tche:('y building1was finisl\ed Ja~t \ virit~r; . . , -_ -and· eggs .were 'takep"1there ,f:f.om . Raymo.nd..' >N'ew .. •pPOls, ~nd gradihg wer:e completed thi's. summer. / . i Personnel:: t Alston Berry \va1:1 'tra:hsrerred"" to ; tlte * · 1 , game f~r~·as a,' permanent employ~e .., P~rcy Robin:' , , son, stiperiritendent ~.~t 4tt.Ieton, :wjth, tliitty-four '. 1 years of. exP.eT~enc~ jii _ ;th'e div~si(>n, Hied sud~enly in . 1 J,4ie' . ; · ;L.yn~~~ Re'.d!l1i~; of 1P~l~rm?: wfth{u1 ,twei~e . 1 1 , ..y,~.a rs/ died m ,Augu~t .. 1 {'... ., ' 1 •• , f · ,· \/~ ~ ~ i~ ;:: 1 .r. •• fr ~ ; :. l)~ :A .'

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is schedu.led f9r ,the next .fiscal year., Exte;11sive engi-. { \ ( n·e ering i'n vestigations haye been m~de fo~ the Sca:r-' ; ; boro marsh a~ea in- Cumberland Gounty; _a nq s9m~ 1 ' work ha~ be,e n: performed on. !he dfke,.,: Oth~r. work has'. been don~. on the Re~ marsh dam in Waldobor9,, t: V~rney'. rnarsfi in Alna, Walker marsh in Island Falls, .· anal on . the Chesterville marsh dam. ; Repairs were ' I ajade to the D_e ad ·River dam in Leeds;.using. speci~l : , : fµ n_d~fapproptjated ·by the I,,egisJature for· th.a t put- · L

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~.~ke, 'I!_e ar' Cooper, in W'¥hingthn Gdurtty; and ·4t Phillips Lake fn Dedham, :aanco~k Co'urily•. ~ Repaks· , were. made td several.' others. ~ fish' weir was. c6rtt' · , structed -.~ t tqe outlet·of ~angel~y Lake'. ~n Oquossoc ,, ' . V1°llage. ,' .' l.• ; '. i ) ' \. : ••. ·, r . ' • , • t . . ..{ - 1· / ) ( ' ;d, ') ' ' ... } ' ' ... ~ ~ i '; FISH HATCHERlES: ,i ajot 'a dditions \ved mMe '.' '·T:Jl~,(JT :P:,OND · STUJ;)IES:··. Johnston apd Jo-Mal!'y ~: in 1961 t~r tlie Grapd-Lak~ Stream hatcnery; ,cons{st; ~ ~ .• ·'.Ponds, near Millinocket, offe,r an unusual !)PPOrtunjty , .' , · ing .9.;f, tp.e.additio11 of f<2uite~9-,'.one;-p.un<lre<i-foot con, . 1 : to ,qbi;ain ihf9rmati9p. .on trout populations"an~ trout • \ j crete pools;' and a new ,.col4-st,;irag:e· bµilding. Qther · fishjng. '.fhe ponds w.ere'_irtaccessi~le t9 car~ until ; :_. major addipio11s :were .s tarted fn \ 961 4nd completed , _; !9&0:~wp.e~,.. t~e·, Great Nor:t'rern , faper Compai;iy .' this year at th,e''\Vad(f sta;tio:q: ~n pasco: . A'.t ·thi~ sta-' .~., '\ ,opeftep the jarea for w-0odla;i,d operations. , ; , tion, .'Ye ~.d ded;Eiight. one-hundred-foot eo~cr'eteipools i ·. ' --: John.stpn : Ppnd',s. a:r~a ; ~:s fifty-nine acre$,· wi:th ·~ /;. and.a t?Il1hined ~~at.?he~y~d't1lling:" h1,1H4in(; ' R~P,ai~s· " .: '· maKiinum ; ae~th ~-o f S\Xty , f~et. . Tlie; ti:o~~ in :· this { ·'.· ; ;: • t · : were made ,to the; concrete peols:~nd the dam at Emb-. · , · pond compete w1th only ~wo kmds of'. mmnow: , · : . ~ '·den. 'At th'e, Sebago .,hiitch'ery in E,aymond; exten;: . . , blackno11e dace; ind :; iew' golden: ~hirr.et~. ·; Jo-Mary ,\ ' ; , ! \ ~. si~e. ·repairs ~ere :made :~ tp.e c~ncrete~4_ain, ~·Pp~ (l.h~~!a·n .'.a re~;.Qf: tf}irty.:,s~v~n akre~,'with' a n,iaxi- : f' r. -~afmon}~ l .'f!1S ~rf q?ed fo ' ~ Minimum '.d~pth--~( ten 1 i f 1' ~ ~~m! d~ptJr ·of ,e,1~!~1?- ~eet. l ~ts~'!¥ ~t. V<?ifi.p ete ~th ?'.' ; '.' feet/ and a :steel rrh ,retam,n;1.~· "\\'.all! (W~S , etect~cl ".••,; l ~ ~u~ker~~~~q s,ever~l k1h~s \. of lll,lilPO;W~ ~ 1blac19'tose: ) >,..~ · Mijacen:t to t?ie hawpery :bui!dint r : ~'...· t;·rk. . ·; :: f d~e, recU~~py{ dace, creek chub~,:,n<H ~ke c'h.u bsi , ;' ., r ,:1 · D~MS: /Arock-~ledlogcr1bapdbmber 'da]il :wa.sl :. , !. . :· .') . : ·\. · . : < ·,.1_ ··! , . ; .. , ,-, ··1t i. ·· h·AtI~!I·t·IC· ys· ~a-. · R ~n """ .sa··1·Ill.·'?n • .'·c··, · · · '• ·-,··~ ··\.··,, ·,;,-:_ ~1..'...,,..~ , ·. > ~·(.,• .· :,, ·' ':...J:.. , · ~ •· ''.:.' , ~ · 1 :, .;,:l; ' h U_ l U,l\d'~r.' a~ OlllilllS. J':j . , sio~ app,ropri;atto.n ':'-t :the ,9.qt.l~t of Catht1ilce -~L~k~ in ' r . ~ . .. I . ·: 5 ·Washington. County; :A. similar dam unfl~r the same ;·· ,.. 'd 'app'i:PPfwitioil. : has .bee~ d¢s.i gne4 ~dir . 4dn5.truction . !, ;·; ,.,,,.: ' .this' fa1f at'tlie outret "of Pleasant i(tiver,·l:Ailie in Bed- , ' .[ ,i° 1 dington. . Another~timbe~ ;,dam ; has l been ;:designed ·, ', , . t · 1a'n4 ts upde,ri co:n'si ruc~i~~;a:t, the\·p)itl~t~oft cra}V:ford : ' .~. l~ake in 'the..,same::cou,n ty: . ·consi~erabJe engineering;;· · I WO:tk 'has-~e:ri. done the.p~St year;.Jil- CQiilleCtion. with ; :v .: 7 . , . tt~~· ~ro~~ld. )~l at sh, ' 9 ~f<>r<I'°Co¥ntr;~' Const~u~:. ...... ' { ? ~109 .. lia~ ·11,1.~lud~;{wo•,col\crete wa~r,<!optrol·· ~true-\: , S: . f; turrs; ~\ di)ke, al, ~~cess 'road~t ,4-a~Htlonal ;worlc · ..... .

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.. Fishery biologists. ·lower <;J ., samp ling ·trap. into .Johnston flond which is under shidy" in a .broolc: :trout investigation.,

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The waters of Cambridge Pond wet~ . :, ' treated with- ro.tenone by fisherf , . ;. 1 biologists to , ~ill diseased . . '; white perch ,there! '. , · , f

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; .. SALMON STUDIES:·· Landlocked salmon.'fi~hing is imp6ttant fdr recreatio~ and . fo:,; e~onomic .benefits to' tlie recr~atio.nal industry. The most recen.t salmon, 'stucly. (6thers are in progress·-at..fh.e Rangeleys, F1sh Riv~r~Lakes, -and Love Lake) is· located on Sel;>agQ L'ake: ·:, ' ' ·. • ' . _: ,, ; 1 ' Fishing pres~ure and .its \effects on--the poJiulation of salmon' will be nieasuted.: · Salmon .stocked 'in ' Se_o a~o ~r~ miirked, and fis~ ta-keri\ on sp~w:h_1ng runs; , · are tagg~d. · · Information , from ., lhe · recaptur~ of i mirked or. fagged 'fish is vital: to the success. of the· " work: ,Several "of; the moi t 'SUC¢e'ssfu\ aria.~eljable' . '' Sebago Lake guides have yolurtteered ,to keep /com- ,; pl.et~ :record!\ of their catt hes. ' {-4\.'._ PorJlanq 's porting ' ' ..i. , g-p_ ods·,st9rej~ ep!;!6ur:a~i? ~· the r~tu,rn' ~f t~gs by of-. . ·• . . , . . , . , • · :~ • ,J y~tng'.'prfae& for ·certa1n·ta.g :r;ium:bet~·. •:. . /, ! i 1 . , , 'H~re then _is ~n opp~r,tm:iity t~ .c.ompar~ at ~eep,· ,. , \, ~~di~i_ona_l st~e3:m· area fo~ .~pa~~n~ ~rig ;re~ring; ,. ·tc?ld; rocky pond (Johnston)_-:-- d9minate~-al~Q~t !~~- . i 0 ~ you~g sa!m?r· Has been opened up: 9n . ~~e North- I \ ' ,._; brely by brook, ti:out-:-- with a small and·'. ~hallow· ·.. -.,, · , ' · ,, .\ ·· . f"' pond (jo-Maty) where· -q1e suckers~~nd; chµb~ are '., ~ t· , 1 .' ,i consumtng njost o'f the food and occupying the choice ' ! living q.uarteis. ~ ' • > • • ' ' ;, , ' • : . . An ca.tche's· are ,checked' so -th~ eihct 'number oi - , -trout titketl 'by ':Gsh.i ng:,wiU -be; knowf). Would: you :. I believe that 3,301 trout Wer;e fished O\JJ Of Johnston . . ~ Pond -from May\ 7; 1962, -tli:n'ough _June· 30, 1962,? \. \ When .~sl)ing ~:e'gan, :thete ~ere· 5,01'0 ~rout' _'m ore .. ·.. than 6' inchE!s irl lengtli and:4,,240 tr90.t between 3112· ' : ! in~hes and ~ inthet,, ..,, ; ' : . \ . ,' ' ' '. : : . Fisliirig regulation&'o'n ~he ;ponds wm be'·, varied, . ; '. ahp tdta,l harvest '.a~d fish}nfqu~li~y,'wmt be , detetinined'. under knp~n population densittes. ' ' . , . •• j

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· ~ Geher~lly, then, the 1961-62 inform;tiori ,shows · a / ' ·heavy winter mortality :£or all trout bot ,partic.ularly , t ' for- the hatchery-reared trout when th,€y' are ~tdcked : - ·j in competi~ioi:1 with "'.ild 'trout. : ; . : ( , '. ! • . , ., ,: O~l:IEJl WORK:, · S1x more _pond~ c wer¢ . t reated; cheniicalJy,_ ,t<,>; remove their -fish, pppula~ions :$0. that trout stocked·' Iater ·would not have any competition. After the 'chemic;a l -h&'d dissipated, t t 9ut wer~ intro- . ctuced. ·, Eighty-~ix trout ponds have now been added 1 f ~ to . our Maine takes ·and ponds by this management. ' ~ , Discussions ot .fishery. pi oblems and depth maps ~ 1 were published .for 8.5 more lakes b~inging the total : .' number of lak~ surveys available to 1.,225. : ~·' .: Studies o.f b~s_s, smelt, whitefish, lamprey eels, ·fis11 ': · . , passage, ··and habitat improvement continue. ~ , ·1 •

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Warde~ Seryice w;is placed under the sta~e personnel .. ; , ; ·1~}V, thus. gtvfng wardens compe!l·sating time ·off for · · : holid.ays .w<;>~ked, as well as three weeks ap.nual vacaT Nkw boats, : motors, 1and tr?ilet ~ give·' warde_ns the capabjlity to cover , . c more territory •on routine patrol arid {. on boat law enforcement work:'

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.\ . ', . . ; ' .. : I I . • ~' ' :_ : '.·. ' .. . ~est River-by _.rem_ov_ing a' dam.a~d blast1n* .a na~~r~J ' i. , . } -' ' falls. ! The build-up of the salmon -p opulabqn wrll be 1 · J : ,;, i; · s,tµdied. -Sur0,val of hatchery.:re~fed sajip.op.; and the t ' . <.':·. -~-.',.~• ':.· tot~l'-contrjbuti~n of hatchery 'fish,.will b_e:measiir~d. ·. ; : TROUT STREAM STUDIES: . Wintet s are har.d on ' ·\· troiit, but just'· how ' hard they ar.e is ,bein~, d~termined at.' Brl:l,}lCh. Brook, ne'a r .Alfr~d, of the de'partinentls study ·.st;eams. Fifteen hundred feet' of Bran~li Brook 'was s~lect~d ~for its continuity, of s1mil3:r li~ing condit ion~ for'troiit. Th~n the section was qivicled into. :three ·1 'v:e P.~Jiidred-f09f ,S,tud.y ;area'.s by wooden picket fences. ,: All tl}.e :fi~h' we.re ' removed froH!· the : fi, st ..five-hun<;}rJ<l-foot·'i'sectio~ · and 350 ·' i,· -' . ' trout averaging stocked in . . . ' ' ,.5:3 ~ ' ~'inches ,were . ' . October, tion' for 'fifteen~year !'lll\Pibyees. ' ~y virtqe ::0( this. · :· U 961,.·· _TweI,ity-fol)f 'Of 'these,,trout were-recovered 'in . a~t, the Departmep.t of. ·:Personnel als:O ' assmfte.d.-the, · , ( I :Mar~h; \~6~,' for ~uljviv~l hf'7 p~r- 'cenf ; '. ,' . '. responsibility for, gi,ving examination~ and serv,e:s a~·\ ~ ·: '. ~ · ~he :second sectlon 1w~s 'stocke~ }Vitli :35~,hatcµ~ry ·: . _tro?t.. i'n ()cfob.e~, ;19~'1; over ah·'estima:¥d' natqral ,, ( ' an appeal board in cases of disciplinary problems. ; i ,, , , poI?ulatio,ri ·of 233: wild t rout. ,. Only 14' p~ 'the hatch- _ ' . \yar~e~ ,sa:Iaries l so~tin.ued :to._~m.Pr'? ye ' w~e~ l_ ad1':, '. Ju~t~ents, 'Yer~ made.~ eai:1:y t~us_year, m,creasmg the,,: , 1 .' · ery trout ·,s urvived, t he (wi:nter, wliile 71 ' o:t-;.t he 'wild \ t trout lived through:· it;. ' :'. .\ .. : ' '+. . '.• ' minimum salary .J o .$77~q0 ,.and _the· 'maxim'urn · to :;,-.: '$94 50 ' , kl ' ' ·, . ' ; ' -" , ' :. , _.. iThe third s:ectipn ~ont,ai~ed 2'15. wild._. troj\~ o~ ~Oc,~ . . , wee Y:· .•. - · . ·, · -., ',. :. •. .. :·. . . , . t' . ; , Considei:able expenditures have been made m 1m..: -., ',, -t ~oer, 22; ;19:6_1; '. ~~,el, l9~ o~ ·1;1}.es_e . were ;still aljte ,at ', : ··pr9yin,g . w~~{en ·housing ·~nd"e:'q uipment :during·· the 1 [. ; '; s·'' the ~nd,of t_h e )V>lr~~~. .. • : . '.: . r' \-0, . :: ~ \ ,'. ·, '.~ ' ~· .} ! .}· !. ~· '~ • ' ·,;' ;. ' .... ;_ '., ·M~i;; Ei~h and Game'c.._Fall:, ::1.96; ;, .,::

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year. A new w~rµen house was completed at ,Claywill be ippointed.:.. It is my beiief that this. W?-!I ·rur7 : ton Lake, wh·e re a new w.arden district .was created·. ther improv~ our Service a~d make it l'.iett~r al;>l~ Two new houses are presently under· construction; · carry. out the expanded duties expected qf it. ? . : ; ; • ,. ' - ·• •' . , r\ ! • one? at 1Pittston to replac~ the old caltlp 3:~ 20 Mile and another at ·T. 15, R. 15 to replace the former house at that location: . The camp at W;hitefield, used as headquarters for ·Pivi~ion B, has· 9ee~ completely renovated. The 1956 'm odel C~ssna float 'plane -b ased at Enfield ha~ been traded for a ' rlew'one: · Eighteen ..; .outboard. ··motors rangingi from'·, twe:p,ty-eight . to ' ; .' . ' : : ,- . . !· ";.: ., ' • lf • • •seventy-five' horsepower,, sixt~en patrol boats- (six.:. ; .' Circulation of Maine Fish and Game1chmbed with teen to seventeen feet)' and nine trailers have been ,• each , fasue , of • t}ie, magazine again Ia.1st year, . an~- '· purchased.,. These ~ill :,be u~ed jointly for routine . reader/response has been beyond expectations. Just ,. 1 warden.-patrol and for boat law enforcetnent. · Seven . .to keep our recor.d. skein intact, we ag¥n ~ubmitte'd motorized snow-sleds were purchased during the win' the magazi,n:e in national ~ompefition at the am;rn~l ter. Wardens .found them to be a great·asset in copineetirig of. the ~merican Association for .Conservaing, with the dog-deer problem, making deer. :Yard. ;.'.. tion ··info~mation, at Cape ·Cod,. Mass., this J:t>ast .. . sur.veys, checking camps, fisherinen,. hunters, . !ind ,, ·. _spr.irig;'. New rules. of the ; magazine .CQmpe~iti_o n : trappers; and other routine work. , Five new ·car~ · \ tated' l hat tb be ' eligible, the publication must ;be have been recently purchased ahd wili be operated by ,. produced at least four times a· year. This b,arred us wardens who heretofore have been ·operating .their .f rom ¢orppetition in the free magazine categor~,· b1;1t own cars. This 'brings tp.e total number of vel!icles _, 1 we did enter last fall's annual report issue. in compeoperated by the Warden ,Servfce to · 104: · Of .these, 2 't ition\i~der~that category; We took third place and thirty-six were traded during, the year. .: . at least kept our award series. alive. ·, . · Along with the usual problems .encou~tere_d: the. ;'; ' The division's hunter· safety pr-ogra,rri.- .w.a s-,.greatly ;·w::i,rden Service, the dog-deer and boating problems e~pand,e1 thil past year'. th;ro~g~ , tlie .activities of _appear to be of growing con~ern. 'The )mown toll -of : newly appointed Safety Officer Dean Jorda,n. Dean 1 ; deer killed by dogs , dl:l.ring the , year was 271: ·· Un- ' ,has' been busy', travelling the_entire state, oti~nizing ' '·. doubtedly, this represents o:Q.lY a s,nall. ;percentage of i safety '.traini.nig• .programs .and working, with youth '. , the actual kill: Better ~nforcem~ht the dog tax , . -leaders'. ·' The' number . of N.l{A; instru.ct.ors · and ' law and .a longer period of restra.\nf 's hould tenq to . ' young-stets gri;tdU!:l,ted \:ind~r the. CO-operative hunter r improve this deplorable condition' The increase in : safety training program cqntin:ues to grow. the number of pleas1,1re boats ~flottt reflectl> a demand ' .,-,. ..... ... '. for more ·,warden timei in . aris~efing'. boating' com-: ' . ' plaints aiid in -enfot~ing the b9at ii(w. During tHe : . ; fiscal 'year, wardens lJa':e ' investigate<;! thi,'rty~mie ..· ; t. boat accidents and 'J)rosec\ited 101 cases of bQ~t-11:1,w · I . f t· ,~. . f ·, in rac ions. ·. . , . . . · · · ~ li ·: ' ', ~ It is .generally. agr~fd that the · anti-1fg};i.t law ,_·, ~-~ · pas~ed by the 100th Legislature was 'instrµ:mel!.tal in · · , ·f reduciri'g' the ,'night hu~ting activity__ duri~g:, the Iiist ;_ . ; . '·," ',·-' hunting season to•a new low. · This: is evidehced ·l)y : .!1 'the fact that during,the' 1961-,?2..:fisca} year,.'wardens i. ..'-1 • 5 apprehend~(l,,1T5, night; h\lnters) comp~red-to ~49 for . · the previous ·.year, . ' . ' . ~r . . · - Appr'eciatiori , of: ·th~ capital , irpptovements. and ;· - . benefits· received by tlie Warden Service: duri;qg the pa&.t YEla~ is;I"efletted py th_e1.fj~e spiritJ >~ co-ope:rati9n and good morale ~mong our, en.t ire 1staff.. 4t the year-e'iid;· examinations were . being· g'ive~ to create • · :' new eligible lists for\w:ardeirs, inspectors, .and super·' · . ~ ' . ' . . . ' ; visors .. ·· From, the e:; ;lists~ ten i,:nspectors { ( ~~s1stant' supentjsors) ' ~nd tElli new. iw J~dens f<'>. re:pla~'e them '

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New, dress ltniform coats-' f6rwgrdens :, i ' ·ar._e· .in_. the s·a.111e_: blu~·-an,d_ b_la~k ~ ._ ' • • ' • color as trousers!' arfg · caps.

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· Boati}lg s~fety post~rs ,wer e designed :ancr ordered , i . ' ~his year, several "visl}al aids ..are pl~nhecl to·,com- ' ~ ·. 9at the --incrensing boa,ti:r\g accide.n't, problem. on ·; t Main~~w~ters. ~. ·: .. _ ,, i. .. ;. J ~ -~ · . , 'i . A pad!y !:!~etj.~d .sound and color nl~} n M~i:rt fish- ; , !, ·, fog; en(itled "M:ain~ _Ta,ckl~ }!usters," ,'M'as .~ompleted • ,, ' by the divj'sion~ . cinematographer, I<en ·Gray;.. · Previ~ws ,of. th~ film indicate .· that it wiiJ"l:' be ,a :wimllir . one; - T4e· J?e:pa~trtient pf 'Ec~nomic_J?~t~lopµie,nt, has 1 ;- f purchased a nur,nqer.. o:{ prip.ts for,; out -of-s~te circU- , { ', ', lation, and t hat; agency\ plans an ambitiou's 'fV: 'circu- . lation · f or tl\e- :fi'.lm throughout .t he J~aster:& b~it~d ~ 1, i Stat~s. The f'.i.1tjl • is d~voted · to , fisl ini on •i,plana. .; k !. wa:ter-s only, a:p.d has some outstani!ing scen~s 1on , ,} :· · both wa,rtn,-\vat~r :;:U!d cold-wat¢r game· fish. , , ' , i -:, ~ Tl}e division ,dark.room 'Vas complE:~ely . renO:vated ' . _; ,1 t artd' . new· equiii>ment · added by photog:raph~i: ~ f ·Cro,s~/ ;Th~~ ha~ ?een -a big help in pr?ce~sJJig: .still '·., •· , i p)1°.tp1s, .~ h1<:h, ~~ 1~ t~e pas~, make up_a b1~ P~: t ?f ' ., ., 1. ' the ~1v1s1on'& promot1on~l program. ~ .~

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/ Boat sa.fety 'promotiorj ha~· bee~ .f_ added to the I & E Division's ! ·. program. Wardens will help . by putt ing up safety signs; ,' :

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·, ' ' • ' , } •. Fil ~ ·nbr,a;ia,i s~!i; e~. a 8re~k ; ~ ~ i' '. '', i~· one ·of I: & E's tnore than . m0fi~n p.ictures whi~h are' . · , . · ; .? shown wid~ly \ n Main1p . • Many. ~es~urce agencies sen'd g (oup~' . of e~perts ,like +hes'~ 'rnen from.( ;· , I the Soil ~<;:o~se~,iafo:iri> :? efvice~ , t :, ;. / · ', to Miaine's .co;nseryation Ca~puf .. 7 ( . re·acher~ and _other19 roups ;att~_nd'. ' f ' ' ' 1 .

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't ', . ' :. . . ·. .. . The, new's; releas~ ~lists CQntimie 'to. grow/ ~na' mand ~ for "huntihg and fishing, copy never . slows ,· • • · 1 ' ' ·: · ·· .'. , • ' • '-· •• , •. • · : · · · · 1; ', ddwn. '. . This· yea~ ·has ,.b~n 'the. b_usiest; :v.et:'at : ¥ airi~'s '. ·"' Conserh tion Educit'ion School ~at ' Bryant ~Pohd. l . Fr;m~ Dow~{e!_:r. .&~E ;, ~ta~er ;-\}'ho ;dir~cts: tlj;e ·p'r o- ,\ '. gram, has had a,; full house of teach;ers an· sq;nmer. · · Youth groups were,s-checi.Uled to flli -in at ,the.,e3,mpas ' . ; ' :befote a~d after: thi ,t e.a_clie~-~r~i,ni~g '. p'rogr~m~.{" ,:\ ; 1 , A new cou:rse was offered this year ~t Bryant ~ond , f 4 '., • •to a seiected gr9up•of i ei chers,'.i n' t lje'. fi:eld. ~f c11.rr.ic- / : _ . ' '(ulum , d~vtloptnel)t ! rn;· cohservai/iori:;- The, ,results ! : , '.' ihave· been most' enco'u ragi:ng' and tbi's w m eyent ually /i r' •' , \. . > . :~ •V • .'mean that ·new.conservat1qn -education mat ~r:ials: ~ Ill : .. ,. .: :~be made available to 'all te, chers and' scliooJs 'in t i.

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Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Game State House Augusta, Maine

Return Requested

Woodcock provide a d ifficu lt target for hunters because of their swift, -~Âˇ Âˇ,_., erratic flight. They have a habit of fre ezing in t ime of danger, but they give off considerable scent , which ma kes them an ideal game bird for hunting with a dog.

The male woodcock performs remarkab le mating flights at night, preceded by " peent peent" sounds on the ground in a c hosen clearing . He springs into the air and flies a spiral which may ta ke hi-m 300 feet on whistling wings. He then plunges ba ck to earth with a clear, twitteri ng whistle for mo re ground antics to impress milady.

THE AMERICAN WOODCOCK

The woodcock's long bill is adapted for probing in moist earth for earthworms. The ho les it makes are known as borings. Its favorite dining p laces include alder thickets a nd open t racts of small hardwoods.

is an important game bird in Maine. O ther com mo n names include "ti mberdood le, " " bog bore r," and " hi ll pa rtridge. " A migratory bird, the woodcock seldom occurs west of the Mississippi Valle y. It breeds in t he eastern Un ited States and Canada and winte rs in the southeast e rn Un ited Sta tes.

Woodcock are so well camoufl aged that nesting females are d ifficult to find . They lay from three to four eggs in a crude ground nest in early spring. Young hatch in about 2 1 da ys and. ar~ rema rkably wel l able to move abo ut within a few hou rs .