15-11-2020

Page 1

aomifjympyfu vdiI ;f ewfr,f Ä OD;acgif;jynfv h Qif? aiGyef;qifum aw;oDvmonf aomifjympyfu vdiI ;f ewfr,f...../ Ä ]vmyg-vmyg}aw;ysL[mESifh &,fumarmum? ykwcf wfumvQif oJzsmaomifay:? xkid v f n S ahf c:onf jrL;aysmf ajy;oGm;csifz, G w f nf;/ Ä raerem;? olvyI &f mS ;í rtm; aeYn? olUvHkYvjzihf a&paomifzsm jzefn Y §v d mí ]xkid yf gukev f n S ?hf avsmif;ukev f n S }hf [k azsmfjznfah w;&Gw?f wwGww f w G o f nf MunfqGwfzG,f&m ygwum;/

/

armifpGrf;&nf oDaygbk&if ygawmfrlwJhaeYudk tazh taz tbdk;u ]rarhwJhEdkif}jzpf&ygowJh/ ighudkvª udk&if0wfwJhaeY wpfEkdiif HvHk; uRefjzpfwJhaeYukd &uf aumif;&ufjrwfwJhvm;uGm/ tvªudk vlawGrvm vkYd [if;awGt&yfxJ a0ypf&w,f/ aA'ifukd Munfh awmh ,Hku}G [k rSmygonf/ tbdk;aA'ifwwfonf/ uRefawmfvnf; aA'ifoifcJh&onf/ tbkd;ESifh pum;trsm;BuD;ajymí A[kokwrsm;pGm&onf/ tbkd;u oDaygrif;\ qifjzLawmf a&csKd;qif; onfudk tBudrfBudrfjrifzl;onf/ qifjzLawmfBuD; udk xD;jzLav;vuftkyf vnfwGifqGJxm;aom a&Tacgif;avmif;u toHvGifvGifjrnfvsuf ajymh BuD;rª;qko d lu (qifjzLawmf\tpG,Bf uD;wpfacsmif; udk vufwpfzufjzifh odkif;zuf&if;)bkef;awmfbGJU uAsmrsm;udk oHaeoHxm;ESifh&GwfqdkvdkufygoGm; onf/ tvGeu f suo f a&&So d nf[k tbk;d ajymonf/ tjcHt&Hqifrsm; trIxrf;rsm; a&SUaemufygao; onf/ &Sifbk&ifqif jrpfqdyfokdY a&csKd;qif;&wm tvGefZmcsJU&í tvGeftvkyf½Iyfonf/ qifwkdif; usef;rm&ef wpfaeYvQif oHk;BudrfcsKd;oifhonf[k OD;wkyu f av;u ol\ Burma Timber Elephant wGiaf &;ygonf/ OD;wkyu f av;onf qif0ef\ ajr; jzpfonf/ ol\ tquftEG,frsm; rEÅav;wGif &Sdygonf/ &Sifbk&ifh qifjzLawmfvnf; wpfaeY a&oHk;cgcsKd;&ef rvG,fyg/ qifjzLawmf a&csK;d yHkukd tpD&ifcyH grnf/ qifukd t*F v d y f b momjzif h Pachyderm(ta&jym; xlol)[kvnf; a&;Muygonf/ qif\ta&jym; (tajcmuf)onf wpfvufrrQxlonfudk jrifzl; ygonf/ ta&jym;atmufqHk;vTmrS uvmyfpD;

'd;k EG,f

rsm;onf aeYpOfyGm;vsuf tay:rS uvmyfpD; ta[mif;rsm;udk tpm;xkd;ae&m,lvsuf&SdMu&m ta[mif;rsm;onf &THUEGHrsm;ozG,f qifudk,fay: wGif xlxyfpGm zHk;vmygonf/ aeYpOf zHk;vmaom &THUrsm;ESifhqif\acR;tdwfrsm;rS ]qm;}tief"mwfwkdY aygif;pyfvdkufaomtcg ]jzKwfaumifi,fav; rsm; Ocs&mae&maumif;}jzpfvmygonf/ jzKwfO rsm;rS avmufvef;uav;rsm;pGm qifudk,fay: aygufyGm; vmaomtcg qifonf ]vGefpGm,m;} onf/ rcHEdkifí opfyifESifhyGwfwdkufjcif;? ajrvl; jcif;ponfwYkd qifuvky&f ygonf/ xkaYd Mumifh þ jzKwf-avmuf-ESifh&THUESpfrsm;y,f&ef wpfaeYvQif

a&oHk;cg csKd;ay;oifhonf[k OD;wkyfuav;u ]ñTef;}ygonf/ xdkodkY a&csKd;&mwGif (tqdyfygaom)'dk;EG,f rdacsmif;yef;EG,fwdkYudk acgufpnf;vsuf qif\ ta&jym;udk txyfxyfae&mtESHUyGwfwdkufay;& onf/ tqdyfrsm;u ydk;rTm;rsm;udk aoaponf/ qifu tvGefESpfoufonf/ (NidrfcHonf/) a&rSm vnf; a&pD;oefaomae&mjzpfoifhonf/ tqdyf a&rsm; qifraomufrad p&efvnf; *½kpkdu&f onf/ þwGif 'dk;EG,fudk uRefawmfpdwf0ifpm;rdonf/ 1989ckESpf aq;wuúodkvfpmoif&aomtvkyfrS yifpif 600usyrf Qukd r,lawmhbJ xGucf ahJ om tcg

q&m0ef wifarmifMunf

rk;d ukwv f rf;anmifyifom&Gm eDvmwl;aom pcef;okYd oGm;a&mufaexdkicf Jhonf/ awm&dyaf wmif &dyo f nf pdwfzdpD;rIrsm;rS oufom&m&aponf/ eHeufpm pm;NyD; ausmufwl;orm;rsm; wGif;xJqif;oGm; onfESifh "m;wpfvufqGJvsuf teD;tem; awm vnfonf/ pdw0f ifpm;p&m tyif? tyGih?f toD;rsm; avhvm&efjzpfonf/ tvGefawGU&cJaom ]wyif a&TxD;ESifhwyifwkdifjreef;EG,fyif}awGUonf/ aA'g yef;ESihfwlí uke;f aA'gac:aom rmvmzl; (csi;f rsK;d 0if)awGUonf/ acsmif;ab;wGif ]'dk;EG,f}udkawGU onf/ tcsyfydk (*) okdY á


txl;tcsyfy(dk c) ]]q&m rif;Edkif? q&m rif;Ekdif}} ]]q&m? uRefawmfwYkd av;q,fuke;f &Gmuyg? wHcg;zGifhay;ygOD;}} [kb d uftrd u f q&m0efu Ek;d ? rEdk;awmh rod bl;/ tdyfaysmfatmif renf;BudK;pm;xm;&wJh uRefawmfuawmh tdyf&muae vefYEdk;vmw,f/ em&DMunfhrad wmh nwpfem&D xk;d aeNyD/ awmfawmf aemuf u saeNyD / [k d b uf t d r f u q&m0ef u uRefawmfwkdY&Gmom; r[kwfygbl;/ NrdKUay:uae uRefawmfwkY&d Gmukd aq;cef;vmzGihw f m ajcmufvyJ &Sad o;w,f/ tJ'D q&m0ef &Gmudk aq;cef;vmzGichf gp uawmh ]aMomf... igwkdY&Gmav;rSm q&m0efwpf a,muf &Sw d ,f? use;f rma&;twGuf ryl&awmhb;l aygh}vkdY awG;NyD; uRefawmfjzihf aysmfvkduf&wm/ 'gayr,fh uReaf wmf&UJ taysmaf wGu odyrf cHygbl;/ nBuD; tcsdefrawmf vlemawGu vmvmEdk;Mu w,f/ q&m0ef&JU aq;cef;eJY uRefawmftdrfu 0if;x&HwpfcsyfyJ jcm;w,fav/ tdyfa&;qwfwJh uReaf wmfyg q&m0efeYJ a&mNyD; tdyaf &;ysu&f w,f/ wHcg;zGio hf eH t YJ wl q&m0efav;&JU pum;oHu jznf;nif;pGm xGufay:vmw,f/ ]]bmjzpfvmvkdYvJAs}} ]]olYa,mufsm;u t&ufrl;NyD; ½dkufwm acgif;uGJoGm;vkdY q&m}} aMomf... t&uf? t&uf? vlawGukd awmfawmf 'kua© y;wJh t&uf/ q&m0efav;uawmh rSww f rf; wifxm;&JUvm; rodb;l / q&m0efav; aq;cef;zGihf vmwJh ajcmufvtwGif; nBuD; tcsdefrawmf aq;cef;vmwJh vltrsm;pku t&ufeJY qufpyfae Muwmudk uReaf wmf owdxm;rdw,f/ t𝔲l NyD; &efjzpfv?Ykd t&ufaMumifNyD; avQmufajy;aevk?Yd aoG; tefaevkYd tk.d .. pkaH ewmyJAsm/ t&uftaMumif;udk uRefawmf odoavmuf ajymjy&OD;r,f/ t&uf taMumif; rajymjyao;cif uRefawmfhudk,f uRefawmf rdwq f ufay;yg&ap/ uRefawmfu rlv wef; ausmif;tkyq f &mBuD;? tNidr;f pm; ,lxm;wm ok;H ESpyf J &Sad o;w,f/ q&mwk&Yd UJ xk;H pHtwkid ;f q&m vkyfw,fvkdYawmh rxifvkdufygeJY/ uRefawmfu aeYpOfowif;pmu pNyD; *sme,f? r*¾Zif;? pmay usrf;*efawGtxd tpkH zwfxm;olrkdY A[kokw tawmfav; pkHygw,f/ uRefawmfwkdY Ak'¨bmom0ifawG apmifhxdef; &r,fh ig;yg;oDvxJrSm ]ok&mar&, rZÆyrm' |mem a0&rPd? odu©my'H orm'd,mrd}qkdwm ygw,fr[kwfvm;/ jrefrmvkd tvG,fajym&&if rl;,pfapwwfaomt&mawG aomufpm;jcif;? t&ufaopm aomufpm;jcif;rS a&SmifMuOfyg\ ayghAsm/ ok&m qdkwJh t&ufukd ok&mrkqkd;BuD;u pawGUcJhw,fvkdY rSwfom;zl;w,f/ ok&m qkdwJh rkqkd;BuD;u pawGUvkdY ]ok&m}vkdY trnfwGif cJw h mwJ/h ok&m qkw d hJ rkqk;d BuD;u [dr0EÅawmxJ awmvkdufxGuf&if; okH;cGqkdifwG,faewJh opfyif BuD;wpfyifatmuf a&mufcJhowJh/ iSufawGu opfyifay:uae atmuf jyKwfusvmvku d ?f cP tMumrSm xysv H u kd f jzpfwmudk ok&mrkqk;d u awGU awmh bmaMumifh 'Dvkd jzpf&wmvJ qkw d mudk vku d f &SmcJhw,f/ opfacgif;xJu teDa&mift&nfawG aomufNyD; iSufawG atmuf jyKwfusvmwmukd ok&mrkqkd;BuD;u owdxm;rdcJhw,f/ tJ'Dt&nf awGjzpfay:vmykHu 'Dvkyd g/ opfyifab;rSm EG,f wufaewJh ozef;cg;yif? oQd oQm;yifawGu toD; wcsKUd u opfacgif;xJ a<uusMuw,f/ iSuaf ygif; pkHu oav;pyg; pwJh oD;ESHawGukd opfyifay:xd csv D mNyD; vmpm;wJt h cg t<uif;tuseaf wGu opf acgif;xJ jyKwfusMuw,f/ rk;d &GmwJt h cg rdk;a&awG u opfacgif;xJ jynfhvmw,f/ aeylawmh opf acgif;xJu t&mtm;vk;H udk csujf yKwfovkd jzpfNyD; tcsOaf ygufum teDa&mif jzpfvmcJw h m/ rkqk;d BuD; vnf; iSufawGawmif 'Dt&nfaomufNyD; cPyJ tdyfaysmfcJhwm/ 'Dt&nfawGu tqdyfawmh rjzpf Edkifbl;vkdY awG;NyD; opfyifatmufjyKwfusvmwJh iSufawGudk owf? rD;uifNyD; tJ'D t&nfawGeJY

15-11-2020

usKyfu apwemeJY ajymwmygAs jrnf;owJh/ ]]aus;Zl;ygyJ q&m? jyefcGifhjyKygOD;}} EIwq f ufoeH t YJ wl qdik u f ,farmif;oGm;wJh toH awGukd Mum;vkduf&w,f/ uRefawmf&JUtawG;awG vGeo f Gm;vkYd b,ftcsed u f vlemacgif;udk csKyfvku d f wmvJawmif rMum;vku d &f bl;/ aq;cef;rD;udk ydwNf yD; odyrf MumcifrmS q&m0ef&UJ a[mufou H kd Mum;vku d f &w,f/ uRefawmfuawmh rsufpdaMumifaewmeJY t&uftaMumif; qufNyD; awG;aerdw,f/ raeYurS &Gmxdyyf kdi;f u OD;omarmif t&uf taomufvGeNf yD; qk;H oGm;w,f/ OD;omarmif rqk;H cifu q&m0efav; qD acgufwkaYH cgufjyef vmwmayghAsm/ t&uform; awG vmwkdif; q&m0efav; ajymaeus pum;udk uRefawmfawmif tvGwf&aeNyD/ bmwJh ]t&ufaomufwm aumif;usKd; r&Sdbl;As? urÇmay:rSm wpfESpu f kd t&ufaMumifh vlaygif; ESpf 'or ig;oef;ausmf aoqkH;aeMuw,f? AIDS wkY?d iSufzsm;wkdYaMumifh aoqkH;aewJh vlyrmPxuf t&ufaMumifh aoqkH;ae&wJholu ydkrsm;w,f} q&m0efav;u b,favmufyJ usef;rma&; todynmay;ay; t&uform;awGu t&ufudk qufaomufwmyJ/ &Gmom;awGu eHeufvif;vm wmeJY v,fawmqif;? naeusrS tdrjf yefvmMu&wm/ nydki;f t&ufaomufwmu olwt Ykd wGuf tyef;ajz p&mvkdY wGufxm;Muw,f/ t&ufu olwkdYb0&JU tm;aq;vkYd wGux f m;w,f/ [kww f ,fav? urÇmY a&Taps; twuftusawG? um;aps;twuftusawG? wefzkd;enf;tdrf&m wkdufcef;aps;awGu olwkdYb0eJY vm;vm;rS rqkid b f u J ;kd / um;aps;awG b,favmuf usus olwkdY 0,frpD;Edkifwm odaeMuw,f/ oD;ESH wpfcgay:&if acs;xm;wJhaiGeJY aiGwkd;ukd tvsOfrD atmif BudK;pm;NyD; qyfae&wJhb0awG [kwfvm;/ &GmxJu wcsKUd t&ufpGJaewJholawGusawmh tvkyf rvkyaf wmhbJ rdk;vif; rdk;csKyf t&ufaomufMuwm/ eHeufvif;wmeJY t&ufqdkifa&SUrSm a&mufaeMuNyD/ ydkuq f HygwJhvlawGu acgif;armh&ifaumhxm;MuNyD; ykdufqHrygwJholawGu ukyfacsmif; ukyfacsmif;eJY/ tJ'Dvkd rk;d vif; rdk;csKyf t&ufaomufaewJholawGrSm tem*wfqw kd m r&Sad wmhb;l / olw&Ykd UJ ypöKyÜeu f vnf; t&ufxrJ mS yJ &Sw d ,f/ vlwcsKUd usawmh tvkyaf wmh vkyMf uygw,f/ tvkyv f ky&f wJh &nf&G,cf suu f kdu t&ufzkd; &zkdY wpfckwnf;yJ/ wcsKdU vlawGuawmh &SmorQ ydkuq f Hwpf0uf t&ufxJ a&mufukew f ,f/ t&ufpGJaewJholawGu olwkY&d JUro d m;pk0ifawGeJYa&m? ywf0ef;usifeJYa&m o[Zmw rjzpfMuawmhbl;/ awG;Munfhvkduf&if pdwfnpfp&mcsnf;yJ/ 'gawG xm;vkdufawmhAsm? OD;omarmif&JU taMumif; qufajymjyr,f/ tJ'v D u l tpu t&uf raomufwwfbl;/ b,ftcsdefu paomufovJ qkdawmh ol&JUv,fawGudk tpkd;&u puf½kHae&m twGuq f kNd yD; odr;f cJhwJhtcsed u f pNyD; aomufcJhwm/ olY&JUajr&Spf{utwGuf avsmfaMu;odef;av;q,f

&w,f/ &Gmu v,ford ;f cH&wJh qif;&Jom; awmifol trsm;pkuawmh v,fwpf{u ig;ode;f ay;awmh aysmf awmifaeao;/ aysmaf ewJh awmifoal wG&UJ wcsKUd v,f awGu a&r&vkYd pyg;rpku d &f wm MumaeNyD/ aysmaf e wJhvlawGxJ OD;omarmif rygbl;/ olwpfa,muf wnf; vufrSwfrxkd;ay;vkdY ajrwkdif;pma&;awGu olYtdrfxdvmNyD; acsmhvkduf ajcmufvkduf vkyfMu w,f/ aemufqkH; olYom;i,fukd rde;f r awmif;ay; p&m ykdufqHr&SdvkdY vufcHvkdufwm/ tavsmf&wJh ode;f av;q,fuvnf; tdk;cGaJ eMuwJh olo Y m;? orD; ig;a,mufu ode;f ok;H q,f,?l oleYJ olrY ed ;f rtwGuf q,foed ;f yJ usecf Jhwm/ q,foed ;f uvnf; olYom; i,f&JUr*FvmaqmifrSm ukefoGm;a&m/ awmifol uvGJNyD; bmvkyfief;rS rvkyfwwfwJh olYtwGuf toufBuD;rS wjcm;olawG&UJ v,frmS ol&if;iSm;jyef vky&f w,f/ 'Dvked JY nydki;f awG t&uf aomufwwf vmw,f/ wjznf;jznf; t&ufpGJwJh t&uform; tqifhukd a&mufomG ;wm/ ]aMumifazm a&Sm} qkw d Jh t&uform;awG&UJ xk;H pHtwkid ;f aMumifawmifawmif jzpfvm? wpfuk, d v f ;kH azma&mifvmNyD; a&SmoGm;wm/ ]][Jh- yvkyfwkwf}} uRefawmfh&ifbwfay: vufwpfzuf a&muf vmvkYd tvefYwMum; atmfrw d ,f/ uRefawmfuom vefYatmfwm? ab;u uRefawmfhred ;f ru ta[muf awmif rysub f ;l / uReaf wmfrh ed ;f ru tJ'v D ykd J ttdyf t&rf;Murf;wm/ olr&JUvufuav;udk ab;tom jyefcsay;NyD; &GmxJu t&ufaMumifh 'kua© &mufc&hJ wJh olawGtaMumif; qufNyD; awG;aerdw,f/ tawG;xJ ay:vmwmu rdcif&JUtrd u f kd t&uf rl;NyD; rD;½IUd wJh armifcifarmif taMumif;yJ/ armifcif armifu t&ufaMumifh todÓPfaysmufcJh&wm/ t&ufrl;NyD; &GmxJrSm qJqk&d rf;um;aewmukd tar jzpfou l qk;H rvkq Yd Nkd yD; olUtar&JUtrd u f kd rD;½IUd ypfwm/ wjcm;tdrfawGyg rD;awGul;NyD; &Gmol&Gmom;awG awmfawmfav;ukd 'ku©a&mufcJhwm/ armifcifarmif vnf; axmifeef;pHcJh&w,f/ t&ufaMumifh 'ku©a&mufcJh&wJh armifpkd;eJY r,fcifwkdYvifr,m;ESpfa,muftaMumif;ukd quf NyD; ajymjycsifao;w,f/ armifpkd;qkdwm tdyf&mx uae tdy&f m0ifwt hJ csed x f d t&ufaomufwhJ t&uf orm;ppfppf/ armifpkd;u tvkyfrvkyfEdkifawmh r,fcifrSm uav;okH;aomufeJY 'ku©a&muf&w,f/ r,fcifu rdom;pkpm;0wfaea&;twGuf BuH&mr& jzpfNyD; &GmxJu wPSmbDvl; OD;ode;f armifeJY aemuf rD;vif;cJh&w,f/ olYred ;f r vifi,fxm;wm odoGm; awmh armifpk;d u rl;rl;½l;½l;eJY olYred ;f rudk "m;eJYckwf owfypfa&m/ r,fcifvnf; ao? armifpkd;vnf; axmifus? uav;okH;a,mufvnf; ac:r,fhol r&SdbJ 'ku©awG a&mufcJh&w,f/ 'Dt&ufaMumifh uRefawmfwkYd&GmrSm awmfawmfav;udk 'ku©a&mufae MuNyD/ t&ufaMumifaMumifNyD; uk, d u hf , kd u f , kd f owf

aooGm;wJh uRefawmfh&JUi,foli,fcsif; barmif taMumif;udk pOf;pm;rdjyefw,f/ barmif t&uf aMumifwmu wpfrsK;d / ajrjyifay:u ausmufcaJ wG ukd pdeyf iG ahf wGvYdk jrifNyD; vku d af umufaewm/ aemuf NyD; olYaemufukd i&Jom;awGu vkdufaew,fvkdY tNrJajymwm/ uRefawmfwkdY rjrif&? rMum;&wm awGudk olu jrifae? Mum;ae&wm/ olYaemufrSm i&JacG;awG vku d v f mw,fvkYd atmfNyD; ESpx f yftrd f ay:uae ckefcsvkdY taoqdk;eJY aocJh&wm/ t&uf&UJ q;kd usK;d awGukd awG;&if;eJY &ifyv l mvkYd acgif;&if;u a&tdk;pifomG ;NyD; a&cyfaomuf&ao; w,f/ wdwfqdwfwJh ntv,frSm wkdifxdyfem&D qDu em&DvufwHa&GUvsm;oHukd twkid ;f om; Mum; ae&w,f/ okH;em&D xkd;oGm;NyD/ uRefawmf tdyfrS jzpfawmhr,f/ uRefawmfhrdef;ruawmh tyltyif uif;pGmeJY wcl;cl; wacgacg tdyfaysmfaew,f/ tdyf&mxJ jyef0if? apmifav; NcHKNyD; tdyfaysmfzkdY BudK;pm;ayr,fh uRefawmfhrsuv f kH;awGu tdypf ufzYkd ukd jiif;qefaew,f/ eHeufcif;u zwfc&hJ wJh rIcif; owif;xJrmS t𝔲l NyD; orD;t&if;ukd apmfum;wJh zcifwpfa,muf&JUtaMumif;u acgif;xJ a&muf vmw,f/ tJ'DrIcif;owif;pmxJrSmyJ t&ufrl;NyD; olt Y arukd ½dkuaf ewJh yaxG;udk om;wpfa,mufu ½ku d o f wfwhJ owif;ygao;w,f/ aemuf t𝔲l NyD; vmqkH;rwJh tazudk "m;eJYvkdufwJh om;wpf a,muf&JUowif;vnf; ygao;w,f/ t&uf aMumifh uReaf wmfw&Ykd mG wif r[kwb f ;l ? avmuBuD; awmif ysufpD;aeMuNyD/ awmfygao;&JU? uRefawmfh&JUom;u tJ'D avmufrqkd;oGrf;ao;vkdY/ uRefawmf&JUom;u tdraf xmifonf tdk;cGt J rd cf JG aewJo h yl g/ uReaf wmf&UJ om;u naeykdif;awG t&ufaomufwwfw,f/ t&ufaomufNyD; rl;aewJhom;u tdrfudk tvnf vmawmh olYtarjzpfolu t&ufraomufzkdY qkd qkH;rw,f/ ][J-h om;? acG;awmif raomufwt hJ &ufawG udk eifu bmvkYd aomufaewmwke;f ? t&ufaMumifh eif 'ku©a&mufrSm raMumufbl;vm;? a&m*g&rSm raMumufbl;vm;[if} ]om;BudKufwJht&ufukd acG;raomufwwf wm trSefyJ tar&? 'gayr,fh taraomufwJh aq;vdyfudkvnf; acG;u raomufwwfbl;av? aq;vdyaf omuf&ifvnf; a&m*g&wmyJ}vkYd atmf NyD; tdrfay:uae qif;ajy;wm/ aq;Murf;vdyf tNrJzmG wwfwhJ uRefawmfrh ed ;f ruawmh pdwq f ;kd rmef qk;d eJY useaf ecJah &m/ wu,fawmh t&ufaomufwhJ om;orD;awGudk qkdqkH;rr,fh rdb[m yxrqkH; rl;,pfapwwfwJh t&mawGukd a&SmifMuOf&r,fvkYd uRefawmf xifw,f/ 'grS qkd;qkH;rEkdifrSmaygh/ uReaf wmfw&Ykd mG av;rSm t&ufyke;f qkid af v;awG trsm;BuD; &Sw d ,f/ t&uform;awG&UJ rde;f rwcsKUd u olwaYkd ,mufsm;awGukd rEkid w f t hJ cg tJ'D t&ufyke;f qkid af v;awG oGm;NyD; Ouú|wkid rf ,f? &Jwkid rf ,fvkYd ajymwJhtcg t&ufyke;f a&mif;wJholawGu w[m; [m; &,fNyD; ]eifhyaxG;awGu eifwkdYxuf ykdod w,fw?hJ vwkid ;f vkid ;f aMu; tNrJvmawmif;w,f} vkYd ajymvTww f m/ wu,fwrf; t&uform;awG r&Sad pcsi&f if ]t&ufaomufjcif;onf use;f rma&; ukd xdcku d Ef kdiyf gonf}vkYd wDADGawG? a&'D,kad wGrSm aMumfjimaer,ft h pm;? ynmay;awG vTiahf y;aer,fh tpm; t&ufawG r&Sdatmif t&ifvkyfoifhw,f/ a&mif;wJhvlawG &Sdae&ifawmh aomufwJholawG vnf; &SdaeOD;rSmyJ/ ]q&m&,f? wefaq; vGeaf b; qko d vkd t&uf aomufwJhtcg aumif;usKd;&wJh[m r&Sdbl;vm;} ab;tdrfu aq;cef;udkvmwJh t&uform; wpfa,mufu q&m0efav;udk tJ'Dar;cGe;f ar;zl; w,f/ uRefawmfvnf; q&m0efav;ajzr,fh tajz ukd pdwf0ifpm;wmeJY em;pdkufaxmifcJhw,f/ tcsyfykd (*) okdY À


15-11-2020

txl;tcsyfydk(*)

vufoD;qkyfudk ajzvkdufyg awmfawmfBuD;rm;wJh pD;yGm;a&;vkyif ef;pkBuD; wpfckudk OD;pD;vkyfudkifaewJh ausmif;ola[mif; wpfa,muf &Sdygw,f/ toufav;q,fausmf av;eJY atmifjrifrIawG &aewm rk'dwmyGm;p&m aumif;vSw,f/ yGJvrf;wum tcrf;tem;wum rSm olYemrnfukd a&SUqkH;em;rSm tNrJawGU&w,f/ aeYrtm; nrtm; wpfEpS u f kd wpfBudrf ESpBf udrf ol a&mufa&muf vmavh&Sdw,f/ a&mufvmwJhtcgwkdif; wwGwf wGwfeJY pum;awG rem;wrf;ajymNyD; &ifzGifhwwf w,f/ trsm;tm;jzifah wmh tvkyaf wGeYJ aeYnrtm; Edkiaf tmif jzpfaevkYd vlraI &;0wå&m;awG ysuu f u G f &wJh taMumif; nnf;csif;xkwfwmawGygyJ/ 'g awmif olu tdraf xmif&w dS m r[kwb f ;l / rdbawG uvnf; use;f use;f rmrmeJY qkad wmh olYrSm wm0ef BuD;BuD;rm;rm; ,lp&mr&Sdbl;/ vkyfief;BuD;awG av;ig;ajcmufckxufrenf; OD;pD;ae&wmqkad wmh tvkyfrsm;wm obm0usw,f/ nnf;r,fqdk nnf;xdkufw,f/ i,f&G,fwke;f ? tyifyef;cHEdkif wkef; BudK;pm;yg/ tdrfeD;csif;EdkifiHawGeJY &ifaygif wef;Edkiw f Jhtxd BudK;pm;vku d pf rf;ygvkYdyJ tm;ay; pum; ajymrdw,f/ oHo,jzpfp&mr&Sd 'Dred ;f uav;[m ausmif;wke;f uvnf; ynm xl;cRefco hJ l jzpfw,f/ &nfreS ;f csuf csrw S Nf yD; BudK; pm;tm;xkw&f if tdref ;D csi;f Edkiif aH wGtxd xk;d azmuf Edkirf ,fqkw d m oHo, jzpfp&mrvkb d ;l / oleYJ quf oG,af &mif;0,frIjyKaewJh tdref D;csi;f Edkiif HawGu pD;yGm;a&; vkyfief;&Sif tawmfrsm;rsm;[m olYvkd awmif t*Fvyd pf m? t*Fvyd pf um; EdkiEf kdief if;eif; zwfwwf? ajymwwfMuwm r[kwfbl;/ wcsKdUqkd

pum;jyefeJY tvkyf vkyfaeMu&wm/ oluawmh b,fEdkifiHu b,folvmvm aumif;aumif; ajym qkdqufqHEdkifw,f/ t*Fvdyfpum;tjyif *syef pum;eJY jyifopfpum;awmif wwfxm;ao;w,f/ rdom;pkykHpH &nfrSef;csufcsNyD; taotcsm BudK;pm;&if ol aumif;aumif; jzpfEdkifw,f/ aeYrtm; nrtm; yifyef;w,fqkdwmukd oufomatmif vkyfvkdY &yg w,f/ vkyfief;BuD;vkyfwmudk vkyfief;BuD;eJYwl atmif vkyfwwfzkdYyJvkdw,f/ jrefrmawG&JUvkyf½dk; vkyfpOf vkyfenf;vkyf[efawGawmh ajymif;vJypfzkdY vkw d maygh/ tpOftvmtm;jzifh jrefrmawGu pD;yGm; a&; vkyfief;BuD;awG vkyfwmudkvnf; tao;pm; rdom;pk pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief; vkyfovkdyJ vkyfavh&Sd Muw,f/ rdom;pk pD;yGm;a&;rSmawmh bmudpörqkd taz 'grSr[kwf taruyJ pOf;pm;qkH;jzwfNyD; usef rdom;pkawGu 0kdif;vkyfMu½kHyJ/ pOf;pm;qkH;jzwfcGifh r&SdMubl;/ 'Dawmh taztarawGcsnfh yifyef;wm aygh/ ya&mfzuf&iS ef ,frqef tvwfpm; tBuD;pm; pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;awG vkyaf wmhvnf; 'Dvkrd o d m;pkykHpHrsK;d yJ vkyMf uwmrsm; w,f/ vkyfief;cGif qufqHa&;rSmvnf; rdom;pk qufqaH &;ykpH rH sK;d vkyMf uudkiMf uw,f/ ]]ya&mfzuf &Sife,f}} rqefbl;/ tvkyfeJY vlrIa&;udk pnf;jcm; rxm;wwfMubl;/ tqkd;qkH;uawmh pOf;pm; qk;H jzwfwhJ tvkyu f kd ykid &f iS o f al X; wpfa,mufwnf; u csKyfudkifxm;jcif;yJ jzpfw,f/ 'Dvkdvkyfawmh ydkif&Sifu tvkyfwkdif;? ae&mwkdif; 0ifygae&NyD; tm;csed rf &Sad wmhb;l / 0efxrf;awGvnf; acgif;ok;H NyD; pOf;pm;qkH;jzwf&wJh tvkyrf vky&f awmh MumvmwJh

á tcsyfykd (u) rS f Hk;onf/ ,ck ]'dk;EG,}f taphrsm;udk ]*Hknif;'dk;ypfupm;&m wGio xku d pm;enf; aysmufuG,f oGm;NyD/ awmifjyKef;rif; ESpyf g; *Hknif;'dk; ypfupm;Muonf/ 'dk;udk a'gifvdkufaxmifypfí upm;&onf/ tkwu f kdaxmifípDvQif ]*Hknif; axmifpDonf}[líac:onf/ vlwkdi;f 'l;a&SUwGif&Sd aom 'l;tqpfumonfh ]t½dk;0dkif;udk *Hknif;aph} Patella [kac:onf/ þtac:rsm;udk arhaysmuf rwwf&í dS a&;om;&yg onf/ ]*Hknif;'dk;}onf yJE, G yf ifwpfrsK;d ('dk;EG,)f rS vuf0g;eD;yg;t&G,f yJaphjzpfonf/ tar&duefjynf yifv,furf;rsm;wGif Beach Combers ac: a&arsmurf;wif txl;tqef; ypön;f rsm; aumuf,lpkaqmif;ol

tcg rpOf;pm;wwfawmhb;l / acgif;rok;H wwfawmh bl;/ pOf;pm;ckdif;&r,f acgif;rok;H wwfw0hJ efxrf;rsK;d awGeaYJ wmh b,f enf;eJYrS BuD;rm;wk;d wufatmif vkyv f kY&d rSm r[kwf bl;/ 0efxrf;awG&JU t&nftcsi;f wk;d wufxufjruf aerS olrsm;Edik if aH wGeYJ ,SOEf ikd rf mS jzpfw,f/ 'DtwGuf vkyfief;ykdif&SifrSm wm0ef&Sdw,f/ wkd;wufatmif? vkyw f wfukid w f wf jzpfatmif tvkyv f kycf ikd ;f &r,f/ pOf;pm;wwfatmif pOf;pm;ckid ;f &r,f/ qk;H jzwfwuf atmif qkH;jzwfckid ;f &r,f/ 'g[m ydki&f Sif oufom ap½kHwifrubl;? vkyif ef; zGHUNzdK;wk;d wuf a&;vnf; jzpfw,f/ pD;yGm;a&; vkyfw,fqkdwm wpfa,muf wnf; vkyf&wm r[kwfbl;/ trsm;eJY vkyf&wJh ]]Team Work}}jzpfw,f/ olYtvkyfudk,fhtvkyf cGJjcm;owfrSwv f ky&f ovkd trsm;eJYn§dEIid ;f wkid yf ifrI vnf; vky&f w,f/ 'DEpS cf kukd rQwatmif rvkyw f wf &if uaomif;? ueif;awG jzpfvmrSm aocsmw,f/ tm;vkH;vkd ykdvnf; yifyef;apw,f/ qkH;jzwfcGifh vTJay;jcif; vkyif ef;BuD;BuD; vkyw f t hJ cgrSm ta&;BuD;qk;H u pOf;pm;qkH;jzwfcGihf tmPmukd wpfa,mufwnf;u csKyfukid rf xm;bJ qdki&f mqkid &f m tydki;f vku d w f m0ef&dS olawGudk udk,fykdif vGwfvGwfvyfvyf pOf;pm;qkH; jzwfcGifh vTJay;jcif;(delegation of power)jzpf w,f/ vkyif ef;xJrmS vkyif ef;BuD;ao;tvku d f vkt d yf ovkd XmeawG? XmecGJ? XmepdwfawG zGJUpnf;xm; Mu&w,f/ XmewpfckpD&JU wm0efcHukd olYXmeeJY ywfoufwhJ udprö eS o f rQ vGwv f w G v f yfvyf qk;H jzwf cGihaf y;xm;&r,f/ XmecGJwm0efcH? Xmepdww f m0efcH wkrYd mS vnf; olww Ykd m0eftvku d f qk;H jzwfykid cf iG ahf y;&

0goem&Sifrsm;pGm&Sdonf/ c½kcGHtrsKd;rsKd; tjyif Drifted Seeds ac: tke;f oD;ajcmuf tygt0if opfaphrsm;udk aumuf,lpkaqmif;olrsm;&Sd onf/ 0goemwlrsm;pkaygif;í avhvmMuonf/ pmwrf;zwf aqG; aEG;Muonf/ urf;ajcwif opfaphtrsKd;250ausmfwGif ]*Hknif;aph} (yJaph)rsm;rSmtrsm;qHk; yg0ifonf/ xkaYd Mumifh ,if;wku Yd kd ]yifv,farsm yJaphrsm;} Sea Beans [kac:Muonf/ 'dk;EG,?f *Hknif;yif trsK;d uGJ aygif;rsm;pGm&Sdonf/ urÇmt&yf&yfwGif aygufMuonf/ *Hknif;oD; tcGHrmonf opfom;ozG,&f Sí d a&iefukd cHEkdio f nf/ yifv,f a&pD; aMumif;rsm;wGif arsmygí(yifv,fa&pD;aMumif; yHk½)I oHk;ESpt f xd cHEkid f onf/ ork'´&mwpfpif;rS wpfpif;okdY vSnfhvnfEdkifonf/ a&S;^okynm&Sifrsm;onf tkd;jcrf;yJhwpfckudk aumuf,lum xkd

À tcsyfydk (c) rS ]t&ufudk wpfaeY ESpf,lepfavmuf aomuf&ifawmh oli,fjyefa&m*geJY ESvkH;a&m*gukd umuG,f ay;ygw,f? t&ufukd ydk;owfaq;tjzpf okH;vkdY &w,f? 'gayr,fh t&ufudk pNyD; raomufwm taumif;qkH;yJ? t&ufrSm rl;,pfap? pGJvrf;apwwfwJh *kPfowådawG &Sdw,f? t&ufaomuf&if tonf;a&m*g? tpmtdrfa&m*g? tm½kHaMuma&m*geJY wjcm;a&m*gaygif;pkH &wwfw,f} t&ufrSm rl;,pfap? pGJvrf;apwwfwJh *kPf owdåawG &Sdw,fwJh/ q&m0efav;&JUajympum;udk uRefawmf axmufcHp&m rvkdygbl;/ q&m0efav; udk,fwkdifyJ axmufcHcJhw,f/ uRefawmfu wpfv wpfcg NrdKUay:ukd yifpifvpm oGm;xkwf&w,f/ q&m0efav;uvnf; OykofaeYwdkif; aq;cef;ydwfNyD; NrdKUay: jyefem;w,f/ uRefawmf yifpifvpmxkww f Jh wpfnaerSm vkH;0 xifrSwrf xm;wJh jrifuGi;f wpfck awGUcJhw,f/ yifpifvpmxkw&f wJhae&meJY teD;em;u bD,mqkid rf Sm t&ufaomufaeMuwJh q&m0efav; wdkY oli,fcsi;f wpfpkukd awGUc&hJ w,f/ bk&m;... bk&m;... vlemawGuku d sawmh ]t&ufukd pNyD; raomufwm taumif;qkH;yJ? t&ufrSm rl;,pfap? pGJvrf;apwwfwJh *kPfowådawG &Sdw,f? t&uf aomufwm aumif;usKd; r&Sdbl;As? urÇmay:rSm wpfESpfudk t&ufaMumifh vlaygif; ESpf 'or ig; oef;ausmf aoqk;H aeMuw,f? AIDS wk?Yd iSuzf sm; wkaYd Mumifh aoqk;H aewJh vlyrmPxuf t&uf aMumifh aoqk;H ae&wJh olu ykdrsm;}vkdY &Gmol&Gmom; awGudk usef;rma&;ynmay;aewJh q&m0efav; ukd,fwdkifu t&ufrl;NyD; acgif;idkupf kduu f svkYd/ ]]wkH... wkH... wkH... wkH...}} &GmOD;bkef;BuD;ausmif;uae av;em&D wkH; acgufoHu avxkrSwpfqifh ysHUESHYvmw,f/ rMumcif a&mifeDvmawmhr,f/ &Gmv,fvrf;rqDu acG; a[mifwm t&uform;awGyJ/ eHeufrS rvif;ao; bl;? t&ufqkdifudk oGm;aeMuNyD/ acG;a[mifoHawG aMumifh rtdwkdYvnf; tdyf&mEdk;avmufygNyD/ awmuf ...

12345678901234 12345678901234 12345678901234 12345678901234 12345678901234 vlxk pdef0if; 12345678901234 12345678901234 12345678901234 r,f/ ykid &f iS o f al X;u tao;tzGUJ av;utp 0ifyg p&mrvkdygbl;/ olu vkyfief;BuD;wpfckvkH;&JU ay:vpDrl0g'awGudkyJ udkifwG,fzkdY vdkw,f/ uif;vdkufppfwm tvkyfr[kwf ykid &f iS o f al X;u vkNH cHKa&;0efxrf;awGeYJ napmifh awG tdyfikdufaewmudk nBuD;rif;BuD; vkdufNyD; ppf aq;ae&if obm0rusbl;/ olaX;tvkyf vnf; r[kwb f ;l / 'gu vkNH cHKa&;Xme wm0efcaH wG &JU tvkyyf J/ tJ'D wm0efcHawGukd BuD;MuyfzkYv d nf; puf½rkH ;ª awG refae*smawGu vkyv f rd rhf ,f/ olwu Ykd kd vkyfcGifh xkwfcGifh tmPmawG ay;xm;&r,f/ puf½kHrª;awG refae*smawG &SdygvsufeJY olaX;u uif;vkdufppfwm tvkyfr[kwfbl;/ r,kH&if tpuwnf;u puf½kHrª; refae*smtjzpf cefYrxm; eJYaygh/ vlwkdif; vlwkdif;udk olwkdYeJYxkdufoifhwJh d o f ifh wJh av;pm;rI(due ,kMH unfrI (Trust)eJY xku respect)ay;udk ay;&r,f/ vufoD;qkyfajzyg ya&mfzuf&iS ef ,f qufqaH &;qkw d m tJ'grsK;d vkd ac:wm jzpfw,f/ rdbeJo Y m;orD;awmif tvkyx f J a&muf&if ya&mfzuf&iS ef ,f qufqaH &;yJjzpf&r,f/ ud&k ;D ,m; Zmwfvrf;wGaJ wGrmS tdrrf mS awmh tazac: NyD ; tvk y f x J a &muf a wmh ]]ref a e*sif ; }}wkY d ]]olaX; }}wkaYd c:wm awGUw,fr[kwv f m;/ tJ'g ya&mf zuf&iS ef ,f qufqaH &;yJ/ tJ'v D kd ya&mfzuf &Sief ,f qufqaH &;udk yDyjD yifjyif taumiftxnf azmfEdkif &if rEkdif0efBuD; xrf;ae&vkdY 0efydw,f aeYrtm; nrtm; jzpfae&w,f/ vlrIa&;0wå&m; awG ysuf uGuw f ,f qkw d mrsK;d awG oufomavsmh yg;oGm;yg vdrrhf ,f/ ta&;BuD;wmu wpfO;D wnf; wpf a,mufwnf; t&mtm;vk;H ukd csKyfukid rf xm; zkdYbJ/ vufoD;qkyfudk ajzvkdufyg/

tk;d jcrf;yJEh iS phf yfvsO;f í (pHkaxmuf BuD; OD;pH&mS ;uJo h )Ykd aumufcsurf sm;pGm qGJEkdio f nf/ xdkYtwl ]*Hknif;aph}aumuf,lpkaqmif;olonf ]*Hknif; aph}\ ta&miftaoG;yHyk ef;oP²mef yifv,fa&aMumifh tcGrH nfrQ yGonf wkdYudkMunfhvQuf rnfonfhEdkifiHrS arsmygvmaMumif;? rnfrQMum NyDjzpfaMumif;? rnfonfhork'´&mudk jzwfoef;arsmygvmcJhaMumif; ajymjyEdkiMf uonf/ xkjYd yif tar&duefjynf zavmf&'D gurf;ajc [dkw,f BuD;wpfckwGif tawGUtBuHK A[kokwzvS,fonfh nDvmcHBuD;rsm; av;Budrfajrmuftxd usif;yNyD;cJhavNyD/ 'dk;EG,fonf tqdyfygí qifaq;&mtoHk;0ifonf/ 4if;\ taph(*Hknif;)rsm;onf tvStyvnfqrJG sm;? aomhwpJG onfwiG f toHk; jyKonf/ þaqmif;yg;onf Ethnobotany jzpfonf/

uRefawmfvnf; jyeftdyfvkdY&awmhr,f rxifygbl;Asm/ ]]a*smuf}} wHcg;ayguf csufukd tzGifh uRefawmfhrdef;ru Edk;oGm;NyD; tdyf&mxJuae vSrf;atmfw,f/ ]]aoemBuD;? eHeuftapmBuD;&Sdao;? r0if;wkdYtdrf oGm;awmhr,f [kwfvm;? [kdt&nfawG oGm;rsKd awmhr,f [kwfvm;}} ]]ig vrf;avQmufxGufrvkdYyg[}} uRefawmfhyg;pyfu vdrfnmwJh pum;vkH;awG tvkdtavsmuf xGufay:vmw,f/ ]oDvwpfyg; ukd csKd;azmufNyD;wJhtcg wjcm;oDvwpfyg;udk tvG,fwul csKd;azmufwwfw,f}qkdwJh pum;u odyfrSefwmyJ/ uRefawmfhrdef;rajymwJh pum;u [kwfw,fAsKdU/ tck xvmwmu r0if;wkdYtdrfukd oGm; rvkdY/ ]r0if;}qkdwm t&ufykef;a&mif;wJh rkqkd;rav; emrnfyJ/ uRefawmfvnf; yifpif,lNyD;uwnf;u tvkyfr&SdawmhwmeJY t&ufudk paomufjzpfwm/ aomuf&if;eJY t&ufukd pGJaeNyDAsKdU/ raomuf&&if raeEdkifawmhbl;/ t&ufrl;NyD; r0if;udk rxdcvkwf? xdcvkwf p&wmvnf; &ifckefp&m taumif;om; uvm;/ 'Dtouft&G,fBuD;rS 'Dvkdjzpfvmwm raumif;rSef;awmh uRefawmf odygw,f/ 'gayr,fhAsm ... 'gayr,fhaygh? ]ynm&Sd owdjzpfcJ}qkw d Jh pum; twkid ;f ygyJ? cifAsm;wkYdtjypfwif&ifvnf; uRefawmfh taeeJY acgif;ndwfNyD; NidrfcHae½kHyJ/ q&m0efav; ajymovkd t&ufrSm rl;,pfapwwfwJh? pGJvrf;ap wwfwJh *kPfowådawG &Sdaew,fqkdwm uRefawmf udk,fwkdif BuHKcJh&NyDrkdY ,kHvkdufNyDAsKdU/ uRefawmfhrdaqG wdkYukd tBuHwpfckawmh ay;csifw,fAs/ t&ufukd vkH;0 vkH;0 raomufrdygapeJYvkdY/ [k.d .. usKyfvkd t&ufpGJoGm;rSm pkd;vkdYAsm... ath.../


txl;tcsyfy(dk C)

15-11-2020

twdwc f &D;oGm;

uRefawmf'Dwpfacguf &efukefuaejyefvmwJh tcgxkH;pHtwkid ;f a&SUqkH;ckHrSmxkid yf gw,f/ um;ay: rSm um;,mOfr,fav; wpfa,mufygayr,fh um;ay: a&mufvYkd rSwyf w kH ifawGbmawGawmif;NyD;uwnf;u ay:rvmawmhygbl;/ uRefawmfxkdifwJh ckHeHab;rSm uRJpdrf;tcsKd&nfwpfykvif;&,f rkefYbl;wpfbl;&,f csay;xm;wmudkawGUvYkd rkeb Yf ;l ukzd iG Mhf unfah wmh udwf rkeYfao;ao;av;wpfwkH;&,f ra&G;rkeYfwpfck&,fukd awGU&ygw,f/ um;xGuv f mwJhtcgrSmawmh NrdKUu xGufxGufjcif;rSm um;,mOfr,fav;u ,mOf armif;&JUab;em;rSmxkdifNyD; ]rxkwfeJYOD; arS;xm;} xkwfvkdufawmhqkdNyD; wwGwfwGwfeJY ajymaeyg w,f/ olajymaewm bmygvdrq hf w kd modcsiv f Ykd vku d f MunfhrS um;ausmw f ufzkdY rwufzkdY tcsujf yaewm ukd od&ygw,f/ NrdKUxJuxGufNyD; tjrefvrf;ay: a&mufwJhtcg ,mOfarmif;&,f um;,mOfr,f&,f ,mOftul aumifav;&,fu pum;awG azmif avmufatmif [kad &muf'Da&mufajymvku d &f ,fvku d f vkyaf eNyD; c&D;onfawGuv kd k;H 0 *½krpku d b f J ypfxm; wmudk jrif&awmh vGecf ahJ omESprf sm;pGmu um;ay:rSm um;,mOfr,fav;awG pwifNyD;xm;wJt h csed u f kd oGm; owd&rdygw,f/ 2012ckESpf&JU aemufqkH;&ufrSm r*Fvmaqmif yGJwpfckwufp&m&Sdawmh &efukefoGm;zkdY jzpfvmyg w,f/ ]txl;um;awG&w Sd ,f ykHrSeu f m;xuf xkid cf kH u ykdus,fw,f vrf;rSm tpm;taomufwpfBudrf auR;w,f/aemufvrf;rSmMumMumrem;bJ jznf;jznf; rSefrSefarmif;w,f}qkdwJhtcsufudk BudKufwmeJY aumif;w,fvaYkd jymaeMuwJh um;toif;eJY &efukeu f kd csDwufzdkY qkH;jzwfvkdufygw,f/ &efukefoGm;wJh um;u nudk;em&DcGJxGurf ,fqkad wmh 9em&Davmuf ta&mufvmcJyh gw,f/ *dwaf &mufawmh b,fum;eJY vkduf&r,fqkdwmodatmif vufrSwfvJ rSwfykHwif eHygwfawGay;NyD;vdkY xkid cf akH y:xkid af ewke;f uav;r av;wpfa,mufu aumfzDvkdufwkdufygw,f/ aqmif;nat;at;rSm aumfzyD yl al v;qkad wmh vku d rf S vkdufygyJ/ ]txl;um;zkdufbwfpfeJYvkdufr,fh c&D; onfrsm; um;ay:wufvkY&d ygNyD&Si}f vkYd ac:wJhtcg rSyJ tay:udkwufvkdufygawmhw,f/ uRefawmf um;ay:a&mufwJhtcgrSm qHyifukdav? oyfoyf&yf &yfxkH;xm;NyD; c&rf;a&mif jrefrm0wfpkHav;eJY rdef;uav;u uRefawmfwkdYc&D;onfawGudk ulnD ay;r,fh ]um;,mOfr,f}av;qkdwmudk odvkduf& ygw,f/ um;uawmh udk;em&Dct JG csed rf eS w f ikd ;f yJ uRJqnf

uefum;0if;xJuaexGufygw,f/ um;xGufwm eJYuav;rav;u tqifajyyg&JUvm;vkdY c&D;onf tm;vkH;udkar;ygw,f/ ]oufowfvGwf pm;yg ovm;? tom;pm;ygovm;? rpm;wJh tom;a&m &Syd govm;}vkYd wpfa,mufcsi;f udkar;jyefygw,f/ cPaeawmh rku d u f ½kzd ke;f av;xkwNf yD; EIwcf eG ;f quf pum;ajymygawmhw,f/oGm;vrf; vmvrf; ajzmifyh g apaMumif; qkawmif;ay;ygaMumif;/ olr tygt0if 0efxrf;rsm;u c&D;onfrsm;&JU toufvkHNcHKa&;udk wpfzufwpfvrf;rS wm0ef,lygaMumif;? vkdufyg vmol 0efxrf;rsm; t&ufaq;vdyfaomufjcif;udk wm;jrpfxm;ygaMumif;? armfawmf,mOfukdarmif;ESif olrsm;u ta0;ajy;um;armif;ouf q,fESpf txufrSm&SdwJh 0g&ifhuRrf;usifawGjzpfNyD; rGrf;rH oifwef;ay;xm;ygaMumif;? oludk,fwkdifuvnf; a&S;OD;olemjyKoifwef; wwfxm;NyD;oljzpfygaMumif;? vkdtyfwJhusef;rma&;udk *½kpdkufaqmif&Gufrnf jzpfygaMumif;? nv,fpm tqmajy auR;arG;rnf jzpfygaMumif;awGukd om,mzG,f toHav;eJY ajym oGm;ygw,f/ aemufawmY apmifav;awG vkdufa0 ygw,f/ apmifxyfvkdao;&ifajymyg xyfay;r,f vkv Yd nf; ajymjyefygw,f/ NyD;cJw h hJ aEGu awmifBuD; oGm;wke;f uapmifrygvkYd 'ku©a&mufcJYwmudk awG;rd awmh NyHK;rdygw,f/ aEGacgifacgifoGm;wm yJqkNd yD; apmifxnfrh oGm;rdygbl;/ vrf;a&mufawmh at;vGe;f vkYd rtdyEf ikd f py,f,mav;udk tat;'D*&D avsmch ikd ;f awmhvnf;r& apmifvnf;ray;qkad wmh wpfnvkH; at;'ku©cHNyD;vkdufvmcJh&zl;ygw,f/ awG;ae&if; uaearS;ueJ tdyfaysmfoGm;wJhtcsdef uRefawmfwkdY&JU ]um;,mOfr,f}av;&JU rkdufu½kdzkef;eJYajymaewJh toHMum;awmh vefYEkd;vmygw,f/ ,mOf&yf;em; pcef;rSm usef;rma&;twGuf q,frdepf&yfay;r,fh taMumif;? um;ay:u rqif;csifbl;qkd&ifvnf; rqif;bJaevk&Yd wJt h aMumif;? owfrw S cf sed x f ufyNkd yD; ausmfvGefatmifraeMuzdkYtwGuf awmif;yefwJh taMumif;udk ajymaeygw,f/ atmufcPqif;wJh c&D;onfawGpkHwJhtcg um;jyefxGufygw,f/ um;xGuNf yD;rMumcifrSm uav;rav;awGu rkeb Yf ;l av;awGwifxm;wJh wGe;f vSn;f av;xJu rkeYf udk tckokH;aqmifrvm; aemufrSyJ okH;aqmifrvm; ar;NyD; ckHvufudkifxJrSmacgufxnfhxm;wJh pm;yGJ av;udk xkwfay;ygw,f/ rkefYbl;av;xJrSmawmh aygifrkeY'f ed cf Jn§yw f pfck ykpGeaf MumfESpcf keJY aemufxyf rkefYokH;ckygwJh 'ifqrf;bl;av;wpfbl;&,fwl&,f ay;ygw,f/ aemufawmh pyguvif vdar®mef YJ udu k m

udkvm ESpfouf&mudk xnfhay;ygw,f/ tat;u awmh r0ao;&ifxyf,v l &Ykd wJt h jyif tat;rBudKuf &if a&aEG;Murf;aomufvkdY&ygw,f/ pm;aomuf NyD;csdefrSm rkefYbl;ta[mif;eJYwlawGudk vkdufodrf; ay;ygw,f/ NyD;rS um;cP&yfNyD; wGe;f vSn;f av;udk um;0rf;AdkufxJjyefxnfhygw,f/ aemuftpmaMu a&SmufoD;aq;jym;av;awGukd vku d Nf yD;auR;ygw,f BudKuf&ifpm;aygh/ um;,mOf r ,f a v;uawmh c&D ; onf a wG tqifajyrajy wpfckHjcif;pDukdvku d Mf unfhNyD;rS um; acgif;cef;uckHav;rSmoGm;NyD; xkdifaeygw,f/ uReaf wmfuawmY pm;aomufNyD; Aku d af v;awmh cP arS;&if;tdyfaysmfoGm;jyefygw,f/ qlqlnHnH toH Mum;vkdY Edk;oGm;wJhtcgu um;u atmifr*Fvm um;0if;em;udk a&mufcgeD;aeygNyD/ um;,mOfr,f av;uvnf; rkdufu½dkzkef;av;eJY EIwfcGef;qufae

ygNyD/ c&D;onfawGukad b;roD&efrcbJ vk&d mc&D;udk tEÅ&m,fuif;uif;eJY acsmarmpGmykdYaqmifEdkifvkdY 0rf;omygaMumif;? tvkyt f udkit f pp tqifajyvkYd pD;yGm;wkd;wufygapaMumif;? c&D;pOfwpfavQmuf tqifrajyrIrsm;&Scd Jh&if oabmxm;BuD;pGm cGihv f w T f apvkyd gaMumif;? aemifukdvnf; c&D;oGm;r,fqk&d if olwu Ykd m;udk pD;eif;zko Yd wd&apvkyd gaMumif;? EIwcf eG ;f qufoaeykHu eHeufcif;av;twGuMf unfEl;p&m/ 'guvGecf ahJ omESprf sm;pGmu BuHKcJ&h wmav;yg/ tckrsm;rSmawmh t&ifeJY vkH;0uGmjcm;vkdY um; ,mOfr,fygw,fqkd½kHyJygvmNyD; c&D;onfawGudk vkH;0*½krpkdufawmhygbl;/ 'DtjzpftysufESpfckudk ,SOMf unfrh ad wmh cPyJaumif;atmifvkyNf yD; a&S&n S f aumif;atmif vkyrf ,fqkw d Jh pdwaf wGarG;jrL rxm; EkdifMuwmaMumifh tem*wftwGufawmh pkd;&drfrdyg w,f/


Turn static files into dynamic content formats.

Create a flipbook
Issuu converts static files into: digital portfolios, online yearbooks, online catalogs, digital photo albums and more. Sign up and create your flipbook.