SUBMITTED IN PARTIALFULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT OF THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF ARCHITECTURE BY MANSI H. BHATTAD
Enrollment No. 20181022336835_ GUIDE: Ar. RUKHSANA BADAR SESSION 2021-2022
INSTITUTE OF DESIGN EDUCATIONAND ARCHITECTURAL STUDIES, NAGPUR
RASHTRASANT TUKDOJI MAHARAJ NAGPR UNIVERSITY, NAGPUR
I, the undersigned, do hereby solemnly promise and declare that the accompanying work (Report & Drawings) submitted by me towards the partial requirements of Degree of Bachelor of Architecture, Nagpur University is my own/original work, in idea and details and not-copied from anyone else work, unless otherwise specified / referred and/or adequately cited in the references, at the end of the report.
I have sincerely adhered to the moral/ethical norms of academic honesty and integrity without altering/fabricating /falsifying the data/idea/facts from the original source.
I am also given to understand that any violation in the above declaration would lead to penal/disciplinary action against me, as deemed fit, by the Competent Authority.
Mansi H Bhattad (Name of the Student) Nagpur Enrollment No.:
This is to certify that the Project work entitled ‘Drug De-Addiction And Rehabilitation Centre’ has been carried out by Ms. Mansi H. Bhattad as a partial fulfillment of degree of Bachelor of Architecture, in the academic year 2021-22 of IDEAS - Institute of Design Education and Architectural Studies, Nagpur affiliated to RTMNagpur University.
Ar Rukhsana Badar
Principal Prof Abhay Purohit
Date:
Head of Department Prof Milind Gujarkar
CHAPTER
1.1 WHAT IS ADDICTION?
1.1.1 TYPES OF ADDICTIONS
1.1.2 EFFECTS
1.1.3 TREATMENTS
1.2 WHAT IS REHABILITATION?
1.2.1 THE PURPOSE OF REHABILITATION CENTERS
1.3 PROJECT IDEA
1.4 AIM
1.5 OBJECTIVE
1.6 SCOPE AND LIMITATION
1.7 KEYWORDS
CHAPTER
2.1 THERAPIES OFFERED IN REHABS
2.2 HOW ARE MEDICATIONS AND DEVICES USED IN DRUG ADDICTION TREATMENT?
2.3 PROCESS
2.3.1 WHAT HELPS PEOPLE STAY IN TREATMENT?
2.4 WHAT IS HEALING ARCHITECTURE?
2.4.1 HOW ARCHITECTURE HELPS IN HEALING?
2.5 CASE STUDY
2.5.1 DESIGN FEATURES
CHAPTER
3.1 THE THERAPEUTIC EFFECTS OF NATURE
3.1.1 WHAT IS BIOPHILIC DESIGN?
3.1.2 THEORY OF BIOPHILIA
3.1.3 IMPACT OF BIOPHILIC ARCHITECTURE
3.1.4 PATTERNS OF BIOPHILIC DESIGN
3.1.5 NATURAL ATTRIBUTES OF BIOPHILIC DESIGN
3.2 CASE STUDY
3.2.1 DESIGN FEATURES
3.2.2 HEALTH BENEFITS
CHAPTER 4: DESIGN CONCEPT
4.1 DESIGN FOCUS
4.2 DESIGN GUIDELINES
4.3 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
4.3.1 MATERIAL SELECTION FOR BIOPHILIC DESIGN
4.4 CONCEPT
CHAPTER 5: DESIGN PROGRAM
5.1 AREA PROGRAM
5.1.1 ADMIN AND LEISURE ZONE
5.1.2 THERAPY ZONE
5.1.3 SELF ZONE
5.2 AREA ANALYSIS
CHAPTER 6: SITE AND CONTEXT
6.1 WHY NAGPUR?
6.1.1 CLIMATE
6.1.2 SITE SELECTION
6.1.3 SITE FEATURES
6.1.4 SITE IMAGES
REFERENCES
The rush and bustle of modern life, which we encounter throughout the day, has left us feeling stressed and anxious. In addition, the number of psychiatric patients is steadily increasing for a variety of reasons. However, without a healthcare Centre, rehabilitation is difficult to achieve due to a lack of awareness and concern, and those without physical health issues would not like to go there. What if we created a healing environment for patients from the ground up, reducing the weight of many therapies needed for rehabilitation? And such a therapeutic atmosphere can be implemented in any building type to assist people in coping with stress and disease; including biophilic elements in the design that researches have proved to be calming to users, decreases stress, and reinforce psychological aspects of them while designing a space some psychological aspects like pleasing sight, natural light, colours, open spaces, pleasant fragrances etc. contribute to the rehabilitative environment.
Rehabilitation is the action of restoring someone to health through training and therapy after imprisonment, addictions, injury, and illness. The purpose of rehabilitation is to assist someone to achieve command over all their senses, abilities, and skills that are needed for the healthy functioning of lif
The brain is a dynamic, beautiful, and an evolving organ in our body that controls much of what we think or act upon in daily life. Our brains are precious and complex components of our body that can do things that we are relatively beginning to understand and can change and adapt to its body’s environment, drives, and its needs. Addiction is created when the brain's reward system is rewired by constant use of a substance or engagement in an activity. Today, addiction is a well-known and prevalent social issue that is present everywhere on Earth. “Addiction is a chronic but treatable brain disease.” Addressing addiction as a condition or disease rather than a choice or a personal issue is vital to the success in recovery and abstinence.
Substance abuse is a growing problem, particularly among young people. The use of drugs, including prescription drugs and illegal drugs, is increasing among adolescents and young adults. It is becoming a major public health issue that can have serious consequences for individuals and communities. Substance abuse can lead to a range of physical and mental health problems, as well as social and economic problems.
Rehabs cater to a variety of patients so it should be universally accessible and gives the respective rehab program to each patient as per the use such as drug abuse, trauma, recuperating from injury, etc. Designing a rehab centre includes understanding the character of spaces, requirements, and most importantly the behavioural psychology of the patients.
Being in nature or surrounded by natural elements can help to reduce stress and improve mental health. This can be especially beneficial for people struggling with drug addiction, as they may be dealing with high levels of stress and mental health issues as a result of their addiction. By incorporating biophilic design into a drug addiction treatment centre, it may be possible to improve the physical and mental health of individuals seeking treatment.
Drug addiction is a chronic disease characterized by compulsive, or uncontrollable, drug seeking and use despite harmful consequences and changes in the brain, which can be long-lasting. These changes in the brain can lead to the harmful behaviors seen in people who use drugs. Drug addiction is also a relapsing disease. Addiction affects parts of the brain involved in reward and motivation, learning and memory, and control over behavior. Addiction is a disease that affects both the brain and behavior.
Figure 1:Causes of drug addiction
Figure 2:Types of addiction
There are several different types of addiction that involve different characteristics of behaviour as well as measurable data such as hormones, neurotransmitters, and brain activity. These types of addictions all have different attributes but some happen to work in the same way and affect the same part of the brain. In addition to looking into the psychological components of addiction, there are also “physiological components that involve not only the brain but the body as a whole and can make a particular addiction even more difficult to overcome.” (ASAM)
1. Physical health problems: physical health problems, including organ damage, heart disease, and brain damage.
2. Mental health problems: mental health problems, including depression, anxiety, and psychosis.
3. Social problems: negative impact on a person's relationships with their family and friends, and can even lead to social isolation.
4. Financial and Legal problems
Individual therapy: One-on-one sessions with a therapist or counselor.
Group therapy: Meetings with a group of people also struggling with addiction.
Medication-assisted treatment: Using medications to reduce cravings and withdrawal symptoms.
Holistic therapies: Non-traditional therapies such as acupuncture, yoga, and meditation.
Inpatient treatment: Living at a treatment center for a period of time to receive round-the-clock care.
Figure 3:Types of treatments
Outpatient treatment: Visiting a treatment center on a regular basis while living at home or in a sober living facility.
Aftercare: Ongoing support and resources to help maintain recovery after completing a treatment program.
Rehabilitation itself means restoring something to its original state and thus, the center where a person restore himself to normal condition by the rehabilitation of his spirit as well as mind and body is termed as rehabilitation center. The goal of rehabilitation is to enable individuals to lead independent, productive, and fulfilling lives, and to reduce or eliminate the effects of their disabilities or disorders. Rehabilitation can take place in a variety of settings, including hospitals, clinics, rehabilitation centres, and the individual's home.
Rehabilitation helps to minimize or lighten the disabling impact of chronic life-altering diseases and experiences. It equips people with self-care and management strategies to cope with physical and mental ailments. A rehabilitation center is built to aid these healing efforts through therapeutic sessions. Rehabilitation centers extend their services to a variety of patients, and are universally accessible. Survivors of physical and mental abuse, trauma, and chronic illness resort to rehabilitation centers for helping them gain control over their life.
Figure 4:Purpose of rehabilitation centre
Exploring the idea that exposure to our natural environment;(Biophilia) plays a positive role in well-being can lead to the design of more effective healthcare facilities
To design a therapeutic environment using biophilia that helps patents while combating addiction.
1. To study the behaviour of drug addicts and help them heal.
2. To study biophilic architecture in areas of the built environment and their impact on patients' health.
3. Creating a therapeutic environment that can enhance the holistic treatment for the drug addicts.
Relation between space and user, healing architecture with ambience and functionality are taken into consideration while designing the rehabilitation centre. The project entails the planning and design scheme of both inpatient and outpatient drug de addiction facility which comprises:
a. Patient's accommodation
b. Therapy (All forms)
c. Recreational areas
Rehabilitation, healing, biophilia, recreation, interactive spaces
There are many different therapies offered by drug addiction treatment centers, and the specific ones used can vary depending on the needs of the individual and the treatment center. Some common therapies used in drug addiction treatment include:
1. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT): This type of therapy helps individuals identify and change negative thought patterns and behaviors that contribute to their addiction.
2. Motivational interviewing: This therapy helps individuals overcome any ambivalence they may have about seeking treatment for their addiction and helps motivate them to change their behavior.
3. Contingency management: This therapy uses rewards to help individuals maintain abstinence from drugs and engage in healthy behaviors.
4. Family therapy: This therapy involves the entire family in the treatment process and helps them understand the impact of addiction on the family and learn how to support the individual in recovery.
5. Group therapy: This therapy involves a group of individuals with addiction who meet regularly to support each other and work on their recovery together.
6. Medication-assisted treatment (MAT): This therapy involves the use of medications, such as methadone or buprenorphine, to help individuals manage withdrawal symptoms and cravings and improve their ability to engage in other forms of therapy.
7. Recreational therapy: This therapy uses activities, such as sports or art, to help individuals in recovery develop new interests and hobbies.
Figure 5:Horticulture therapy
Medications and devices can be used to manage withdrawal symptoms, prevent relapse, and treat co-occurring conditions.
Withdrawal. Medications and devices can help suppress withdrawal symptoms during detoxification. Detoxification is not in itself "treatment," but only the first step in the process. Patients who do not receive any further treatment after detoxification usually resume their drug use. One study of treatment facilities found that medications were used in almost 80 percent of detoxifications (SAMHSA, 2014). In November 2017, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granted a new indication to an electronic stimulation device, NSS-2 Bridge, for use in helping reduce opioid withdrawal symptoms. This device is placed behind the ear and sends electrical pulses to stimulate certain brain nerves. Also, in May 2018, the FDA approved lofexidine, a non-opioid medicine designed to reduce opioid withdrawal symptoms.
Relapse prevention. Patients can use medications to help re-establish normal brain function and decrease cravings. Medications are available for treatment of opioid (heroin, prescription pain relievers), tobacco (nicotine), and alcohol addiction. Scientists are developing other medications to treat stimulant (cocaine, methamphetamine) and cannabis (marijuana) addiction. People who use more than one drug, which is very common, need treatment for all of the substances they use.
• Opioids: Methadone (Dolophine®, Methadose®), buprenorphine (Suboxone® , Subutex®, Probuphine®, Sublocade™), and naltrexone (Vivitrol®) are used to treat opioid addiction. Acting on the same targets in the brain as heroin and morphine, methadone and buprenorphine suppress withdrawal symptoms and relieve cravings. Naltrexone blocks the effects of opioids at their receptor sites in the brain and should be used only in patients who have already been detoxified. All medications help patients reduce drug seeking and related criminal behavior and help them become more open to behavioral treatments.
• A NIDA study found that once treatment is initiated, both a buprenorphine/naloxone combination and an extended-release naltrexone
formulation are similarly effective in treating opioid addiction. Because full detoxification is necessary for treatment with naloxone, initiating treatment among active users was difficult, but once detoxification was complete, both medications had similar effectiveness.
• Tobacco: Nicotine replacement therapies have several forms, including the patch, spray, gum, and lozenges. These products are available over the counter. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved two prescription medications for nicotine addiction: bupropion (Zyban®) and varenicline (Chantix®). They work differently in the brain, but both help prevent relapse in people trying to quit. The medications are more effective when combined with behavioral treatments, such as group and individual therapy as well as telephone quit lines.
• Alcohol: Three medications have been FDA-approved for treating alcohol addiction and a fourth, topiramate, has shown promise in clinical trials (largescale studies with people). The three approved medications are as follows:
• Naltrexone blocks opioid receptors that are involved in the rewarding effects of drinking and in the craving for alcohol. It reduces relapse to heavy drinking and is highly effective in some patients. Genetic differences may affect how well the drug works in certain patients.
• Acamprosate (Campral®) may reduce symptoms of long-lasting withdrawal, such as insomnia, anxiety, restlessness, and dysphoria (generally feeling unwell or unhappy). It may be more effective in patients with severe addiction.
• Disulfiram (Antabuse®) interferes with the breakdown of alcohol. Acetaldehyde builds up in the body, leading to unpleasant reactions that include flushing (warmth and redness in the face), nausea, and irregular heartbeat if the patient drinks alcohol. Compliance (taking the drug as prescribed) can be a problem, but it may help patients who are highly motivated to quit drinking.
• Co-occurring conditions: Other medications are available to treat possible mental health conditions, such as depression or anxiety, that may be contributing to the person’s addiction.
The process for admission to a drug addiction treatment center can vary depending on the specific center and the individual's needs. In general, however, the following steps are often part of the admission process:
1. Initial assessment: The first step in the admission process is typically an initial assessment, during which the individual meets with a member of the treatment center's staff to discuss their addiction and treatment goals. This assessment helps the treatment center determine the best course of action for the individual.
2. Medical evaluation: If the individual is physically dependent on drugs, they may need to undergo a medical evaluation to assess their physical health and determine if they need any medical intervention, such as detoxification, to manage withdrawal symptoms.
3. Treatment planning: Once the individual has undergone the initial assessment and medical evaluation, the treatment center will work with them to develop a personalized treatment plan. This plan will outline the specific therapies and services that the individual will receive during their time in treatment. This may involve a combination of individual, group, and/or family therapies, as well as medication-assisted treatment, if needed. The individual will also have the opportunity to participate in recreational and educational activities that can help support their recovery.
4. Admission: After the treatment plan has been developed, the individual will be admitted to the treatment center and begin their recovery journey. This may involve moving into a residential facility, if the treatment center offers that option, or attending daily therapy sessions at the center.
5. Treatment: During treatment, the individual will work with the treatment center's staff to address the underlying issues that contribute to their addiction, develop healthy coping skills and behaviors, and learn how to prevent relapse. The length of treatment can vary depending on the individual's needs and progress, but most programs last at least several weeks.
6. Ongoing care: After completing their treatment program, the individual will transition to ongoing care and support, which may include continuing therapy, attending support group meetings, and participating in aftercare programs. The goal of ongoing care is to help the individual maintain their sobriety and continue to build a healthy, substance-free life.
• Strength of character
• Family involvement
• Good follow up - meeting doctor as she/he calls
• Treatment directed towards change in lifestyle & attitudes.
Healing architecture, also known as therapeutic architecture, is a design approach that focuses on creating buildings and spaces that support the physical and mental health of the individuals who use them. This can involve incorporating elements that promote relaxation, comfort, and a connection to nature, as well as addressing the functional and accessibility needs of the people who will be using the space. The goal of healing architecture is to create environments that support the healing and recovery process, and that enhance the overall well-being of the individuals who inhabit them.
Figure 6:Healing through architecture
The interdependent relationship between psychology and architecture has been a widely explored spectrum. Architecture has the ability to evoke emotions through the use of forms, colors, textures, and patterns. It stimulates the human senses with a volumetric play of solids and voids. Rehabilitation centers establish the accelerate patient recovery. A salutogenic approach to architecture stimulates the natural recovery of health with the assistance of behavioral psychology. This design approach enhances the patient’s comprehensibility and mindfulness of life.
Figure 8:Biophilic illustration with water, trees and materials
While every rehabilitation center is designed exclusively for its users, certain design elements remain common to all. A rehabilitation center is considered to be a home away from home and is therefore designed for comfort. This helps in reducing the social anxiety of patients by creating a home-like spatial familiarity. The furniture layout and use of materials of the center can be designed in a manner to encourage interaction. Technology can be leveraged for conducting Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality based therapy sessions. Planning for activity rooms for meditation and exercising to strengthen the mind and soul are fundamental to rehabilitation centers A rehabilitation center is usually designed with the idea of integrating indoor and outdoor areas. Spaces such as courtyards, amphitheaters, and atriums are integral to the planning of rehabilitation centers. Such spaces are essential for hosting group therapies and outdoor sessions. They also help in zoning the center and creating a seamless blend of public, semi-public and private spaces. A free-flowing layout also ensures that the users feel in control of their environments and that the surrounding is not dominating them.
A biophilic approach to design is considered the greatest healing agent in rehabilitation centers. Rekindling the bond with nature helps in confidence-building and socializing Flowering trees can add the necessary youthfulness and vibrancy to the place. Inviting natural light into the center through well-lit corridors, skylights, and colonnaded passages can stimulate a positive spirit in the patients.
Location - Muktangan Rehabilitation Centre, Mohanwadi, off Alandi road, Yerawada, Pune.
Recovery program - 35 days
Capacity - 150 residents
Total plot area - 39,870 sq.ft
Built up area - 23,700 sq.ft
Figure 9:Site plan
Site surroundings - The centre is situated mainly consists of various residential apartments, shops and clinic.
Site type - Contoured.
Topography- Site is sloping towards nalla which is at west side. Orientation - Building is placed diagonally with east-west orientation.
Number of patients – 100
STAFF
Doctors: 3
Psychiatrists: 8
Counsellors: 2
Social workers: 4
Table 1:Space distribution
Psychologists: 8 Guards: 3
Project manager: 1 Cook: 2 Administration: 6
Core Functions. Counselling room, General ward, Co- Ordinator Yoga/Meditation Room, Ward & Therapy Hall.
Recreational space. U.G tank with seating above, Stage & Amphitheatre Terrace.
Auxiliary activities. Dining hall, Servants room, Kitchen, Library.
General service area. Store, Arrival & O.P.D. Veranda, Gas, Washrooms, Staircase.
Doctor to patient ratio: 1:33
Counsellor to patient ratio: 1:50
No. Of WCs per patient: 1:33
Ward area to no. of patient ratio: 1 patient has 2.5m space approx.
Functions No Area (sqm)
Waiting area 1 27 General ward 1 93 Coordinator 1 15
Consulting room 4 8 Social worker 1 8 Psychiatrist 1 8 Exhibition hall 1 100
Servant's room 1 13 Store 1 8 Kitchen 1 25 Dining hall 1 100
The entrance gate of the building. The vision of the observer is not obstructed and the open space is focused from this point.
The waiting area of the O.P.D department flows into the amphitheatre which is centrally located with the counselling rooms and the waiting area located radially around it.
Inward looking form with controlled visual exposure with exterior.
Figure 11:Ground floor plan
Physical interaction carried by amphitheatre; terraces act as medium for visual interaction.
Raised planters and the spread of flowers at the windowsill are used to cheer the patient as soon as he enters the rooms that can feel free and interact well with the counsellor.
The transparency, the cut-outs, the balconies and seating areas encourage the patient to open up.
The opening in the waiting lobby continues till the terrace and pours sufficient light into interiors
Figure 12:Amphitheatre
Figure 13:Arrival and OPD waiting
Global health emergencies such as Covid-19 have highlighted the importance of access to nature and open spaces in our cities for social, physical, and mental health. However, there continues to be a disconnect between our need for nature and our daily lived experience. Recent research indicates that our connectedness and relationship with nature, and in particular biophilic design, may be key for improving both health and quality of life. Improving our natural capital in the urban built environment might help address the current climate and disease crisis, as well as improving our physical and mental health.
Figure 14:Biophilia and its effect
Biophilic design, also known as green design or sustainable design, is an approach to architecture that seeks to connect people with the natural world. This can be achieved through the use of natural materials, such as wood and stone, as well as by incorporating elements of nature into the design, such as plants, water features, and natural lighting. The idea behind biophilic design is to create spaces that are more connected to nature and that can provide a range of benefits for people, such as improved health and wellbeing. By incorporating elements of nature into the built environment, biophilic architecture can help to reduce stress, improve mood and cognitive function, and promote physical health.
Figure 15:Seven dimensions of wellness
The theory of biophilia suggests that humans have an innate preference to connect with the natural world. This, in combination with experiments undertaken by various scientists, suggest that the integration of our natural surroundings into our living areas can induce healing and positive emotional changes, which have an indirect impact on stress levels and physical and emotional well-being.
Figure 16:Benefits of biophilia
Understanding the stimulation of the human senses our physical surroundings have a direct effect on our emotions and reactions that essentially contribute to the process of healing within a space.
"Ulrich suggests four probable reasons for the beneficial effects provided by nature.
a. One, we associate nature with physical activity which evidently stimulates health.
b. Two, socializing is also in most cases directly linked with nature, for example walking or sitting on a bench in a park with a friend.
c. Three, nature provides a temporary escape from our everyday reality.
d. The fourth possibility is that nature itself has a significant influence on the mind.”
Figure 17Four effects provided by nature
Figure 18:Attributes of Biophilic architecture
Biophilic architecture has been shown to have a number of positive effects on mental health, including reducing stress and anxiety, improving mood and cognitive function, and increasing feelings of well-being. This is achieved through the use of natural materials, such as wood and stone, as well as by incorporating elements of nature into the design, such as plants, water features, and natural lighting.
One of the key benefits of biophilic design is that it can help reduce stress. Being in nature has been shown to have a calming effect on the mind and body, and the use of natural materials and elements in design can help to create a more relaxing environment. Biophilic design can also improve mood and cognitive function. Exposure to nature has been shown to improve concentration and memory, and can also boost mood and happiness levels. In addition, natural light has been linked to better sleep and overall improved physical health. By incorporating natural light and other elements of nature into the design of buildings, biophilic architecture can help to create environments that support cognitive function and mental well-being.
Incorporating elements of nature into the built environment can provide a sense of calm and peacefulness, which may be particularly beneficial for people with mania who may
experience high levels of agitation and restlessness. Natural light and ventilation can also improve air quality and promote a sense of freshness and vitality, which may help to improve overall well-being.
Additionally, providing access to natural areas and incorporating natural landscapes into the design of the built environment can provide opportunities for physical activity and outdoor recreation, which can be beneficial for mental health. This can also help to reduce the risk of chronic diseases, such as obesity, diabetes, and heart disease, which are major public health concerns.
It is important for architects and designers to consider the specific needs and preferences of maniac population when incorporating biophilic design into architectural spaces.
Figure 19:Graphical illustration 1 (biophilic design)
Nature in space –
1. Visual connection with nature- View of natural elements from within the interior.
2. Non-visual connection with nature-Interactions with nature through other senses: sound, touch, smell and taste.
3. Non-rhythmic sensory stimuli- Unpredictable and non-repetitive movements that happen in nature like birds chirping or leaves moving in a breeze.
4. Thermal & airflow variability- Variability in air temperature and flow, changes in relative humidity and varying surface temperatures.
5. Presence of water- Water as a design feature.
6. Dynamic & diffuse light- Varying lighting intensities and light changes over time that recall the natural cycle of day and night.
7. Connection with natural systems- Awareness of seasonal and temporal changes.
Nature analogues8. Biomorphic forms & patterns- Nature-inspired textures, shapes. Patterns.
9. Material connection with nature- Natural materials and elements that reflect the local environment in terms of ecology or geology.
10. Complexity & order- Rich sensory information recalling natural spatial hierarchies.
Nature of the space-
11. Prospect- Uninterrupted view over a distance.
12. Refuge- Sense of protection from environmental conditions and activity.
13. Mystery- Partially obscured views stimulating curiosity about the unknown.
14. Risk/peril- Balance between a sense of risk and the feeling of protection.
Figure 20:Biophilic design can be used in
Biophilic architecture seeks to incorporate elements of nature into the built environment in order to create a healthy and comfortable space. Some common environmental features found in biophilic architecture include:
1. Plants: Plants are a key component of biophilic architecture, as they help create a connection with nature and improve air quality. They can be incorporated into the design in a variety of ways, such as gardens and green roofs.
2. Natural light: It helps to create a healthy and comfortable environment. Large windows, skylights, and other design elements can be used to bring in natural light and create a connection with the outdoors.
Figure 21:location criteria for opening
3. Natural ventilation: It helps to improve air quality and create a comfortable indoor environment. Openable windows, ventilation shafts, and other design elements can be used to allow for the flow of fresh air throughout the space.
4. Water features: Water features, such as fountains, waterfalls, and reflecting pools, can help create a calming and soothing atmosphere in biophilic architecture.
5. Natural materials: Natural materials, such as wood, stone and bamboo, are often used in biophilic architecture to create a connection with the natural world. They can be used for flooring, walls, and other elements, and can add warmth, texture, and visual interest to the space.
Figure 22:Dimensional criteria for opening
Location - Östra Sjukhuset Journalvägen, Göteborg, Sweden
Total plot area - 193,750 sq. ft
Occupant - Patients, Staff, Guests
NATURE IN SPACE -
[P1] Visual Connection with Nature.
Figure 23:Plan
Patient rooms have views to the central gardens; light courts are planted with low vegetation
[P2] Non-Visual Connection with Nature.
Operable windows bring the sounds and smells from the garden in, courtyards feature edible plants
[P3] Non-Rhythmic Sensory Stimuli.
In the garden courtyards, occupants can feel breezes, see cloud movements, and hear bird and insect sounds
[P4] Access to Thermal & Airflow Variability.
Patient rooms and sun rooms have operable sun shades and windows
[P6] Dynamic & Diffuse Light.
Light courts in the heart of each department bring natural light into the space
[P7] Connection with Natural Systems.
Garden courtyards show effects of weather and seasonal changes in nature
[P9] Material Connection with Nature.
Polished stone floors, oak hardwood floors, birch handrails, and unpainted wood furniture
[P10] Complexity & Order.
Repeated L-shaped pattern of the spatial configuration
NATURE OF THE SPACE[P11] Prospect.
Long distance views are available from the garden and through many of the windows [P12] Refuge.
Arbor-like seating off the path in the garden courtyards; nested private to public spaces within the departments
Figure 24:[P1] [P6] [P7] [P12]
[P1] Visual Connection with Nature.
Figure 25[P1] [P4] [P9]
Lowered blood pressure and heart rate; improved mental engagement/attentiveness; positively impacted attitude, overall happiness. ▪
[P6] Dynamic and Diffuse Light.
Positively impacted circadian system functioning; increased visual comfort. ▪
[P10] Complexity & Order.
Positively impacted perceptual and physiological stress responses; observed view preference.
▪
[P12] Refuge.
Improved concentration attention and perception of safety. ▪
[P1] [P6] [P7] [P12]
Sun rooms located in the corner of each layout along the south wall provide a quite refuge space for patients. ▪
[P1] [P3] [P6] [P7] [P11] [P12]
Exterior courtyards have recessed seating where patients can look out over the gardens.
Figure 26:[P1] [P3] [P6] [P7] [P11] [P12]
Figure 27:[P1]
A supportive and therapeutic environment that can facilitate the healing and recovery of drug addicts. The center will play a vital role in addressing the problem of drug addiction in Nagpur, and can help to improve the health and well-being of individuals and communities. It will provide a range of services, including counseling, therapy, and medical treatment, to help individuals overcome their addiction and achieve long-term recovery. Some key elements that may be important in creating a healing space for a such patient include:
Figure 28:While planning spaces
Figure 29:Conceptual sketches
1. A calm and peaceful atmosphere: a place free from distractions, noise, and other stimuli that could be overwhelming or triggering for the patient. This can be achieved through the use of calming colors, soft lighting, and other design elements that create a sense of tranquility.
2. A sense of control and autonomy: The patient should feel like they have some control over their environment and their daily routine. This can be achieved through the use of flexible, modular design elements, as well as through the provision of opportunities for the patient to make choices and decisions about their care.
3. A connection with nature: Exposure to nature has been shown to have therapeutic benefits for individuals with mental health conditions. The space should incorporate elements of nature, such as plants, natural light, and views of the outdoors, to create a connection with the natural world.
4. A sense of community: The patient should feel like they are part of a supportive community that cares about their well-being. This can be achieved through the use of group therapy, peer support, and other opportunities for social connection and support.
Overall, the space for a manic patient should be designed to create a sense of calm, control, connection, and community, in order to support their healing and recovery.
Figure 30:Benefits of good space
There are several ways to incorporate biophilic design into architectural space planning:
1. Bring nature into the space: This can be done by incorporating natural elements, such as plants, natural light, and natural materials, into the design of the built environment.
2. Create a connection to the natural environment: This can be done by designing spaces that are in harmony with the surrounding natural environment, using locally-sourced materials, and incorporating natural landscapes into the design.
3. Use biomorphic forms and patterns: Incorporating shapes and forms that are inspired by natural organisms, such as shells or leaves, into the design of the built environment can create a sense of connection to nature.
4. Provide access to nature: Ensuring that people have easy access to natural areas, such as parks or gardens, can promote a connection to the natural world and improve well-being.
5. Incorporate natural light and ventilation: Natural light and ventilation can improve the health and well-being of the people who use the space, so it is important to incorporate these elements into the design.
Figure 32:Importance of openings
6. Use natural colors and materials: Using natural colors and materials, such as wood and stone, can create a sense of connection to the natural world and improve the aesthetic of the space.
1. Smaller gardens with different themes helps patients to recover early (ayurvedic, spiritual)
2. Combining therapy with nature increasing social and psychological functioning.
3. Use of art related activities to give them positive distraction.
4. Incorporate water features- Water features can provide both visual and acoustical benefits.
5. Provide both spaciousness and refuge in design- spaciousness- open and daylit spaces refuge provides sense of security- more constrained spaces with lower ceilings.
6. Provide views to nature- Windows should be designed and placed to afford easy viewing of natural and outdoor scenes.
7. Hexagonal planning, or honeycombing, is based on the natural shape of the honeycomb, which is composed of repeating hexagonal cells. In biophilic
architecture, hexagonal planning can be used to create a sense of order and structure, as well as to incorporate natural shapes and forms into the design. For example, hexagonal shapes can be used for floor tiles, wall panels, and other design elements, creating a connection with the natural world and a sense of harmony and balance.
In biophilic architecture, the use of natural materials is an important aspect of the design approach. Some common natural materials used in biophilic architecture include:
• Wood: Wood is a versatile and sustainable material that can be used in a variety of ways in biophilic architecture. It can be used for flooring, walls, ceilings, and furniture, and has the ability to create a warm and inviting atmosphere.
• Stone: Stone is a durable and timeless material that can add a sense of permanence and stability to a space. It can be used for flooring, walls, and other elements, and comes in a wide range of colors and textures.
• Bamboo: Bamboo is a fast-growing, renewable resource that has many uses in biophilic architecture. It can be used for flooring, walls, and furniture, and has a natural, organic aesthetic.
• Clay: Clay is a natural material that can be used in biophilic architecture to create unique, handmade elements. It can be used for tiles, bricks, and other elements, and can add a sense of warmth and texture to a space.
• Glass: Glass is a transparent material that can be used in biophilic architecture to bring in natural light and create a connection with the outdoors. It can be used for windows, doors, and other elements, and can help create a sense of openness and connection to the natural world.
Overall, the materials used in biophilic architecture should be chosen for their natural, sustainable, and aesthetic qualities.
Architecture is the art that defines space and time, being used and created by man. To understand its implications, it is extremely important to study the relationship between man and space, how one influences the other. Both are complementary, each having a direct relation to the other: man defines the spaces he lives in and space, in turn, defines the man’s activities. That is how architecture serves the man and it creates a space for his body and for his mind.
Figure 34:Conceptual idea
Nagpur, being the third largest city in the state, is anticipated to be the fifth quickest growing city in the world from 2019-2035 with normal development of 8.41%. Hidden beneath the progress, is a chaotic world of substance abuse, addiction and other mental illness. There are innumerable drug addicts in Vidarbha region who need a residential de-addiction program. There are no registered Rehabilitation Centre in Nagpur and are Counselling and out-patients’ facilities. Nagpur is located on the Deccan plateau and is one of the administrative divisions of Maharashtra which is the main revenue earning areas of the state.
Drug addiction is a serious problem that can have a devastating impact on the health and well-being of individuals and their communities. Nagpur, like many other cities in Maharashtra and throughout India, have a significant number of people struggling with drug addiction, and there is a need for drug deaddiction centers in the area to provide support and treatment for these individuals.
Figure 36:Site location
The city of Nagpur enjoys a very dry or semi-humid climate throughout the year excepting the monsoon months of June and September. The climate of Nagpur can be broadly divided into three important seasons of summer, winter and monsoon.
Average Temperature- 26.9 C
Precipitation- 1092mm Annually Winds Flow from South West Direction
Figure 37:Climate analysis Figure 38:Selected
• Site area is approximately 3.5 acres.
• Nonagricultural open land.
• Located on main highway- Katol road.
• Well-connected easily accessible.
• Gradual slope on one side of the site allowing for the easy drainage to the stream.
• Vegetation on two sides of the site.
Figure 39:Existing rehabs in Nagpur
Location- Gore Wada Rd, opp. Nirmala Celebration Lawn, Anant Nagar, Nagpur, Maharashtra
Figure 40:Site images
Treatment Approaches for Drug Addiction DrugFactshttps://nida.nih.gov/publications/drugfacts/treatment-approaches-drug-addiction https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/rehabilitation
Rehabilitation Centre's: Unveiling The Science of Healing Architecture
https://media.biltrax.com/rehabilitation-centres-unveiling-the-science-of-healingarchitecture/
Rethinking The Design Of Rehab Centres
https://www.designcurial.com/news/consider-yourself one-of-us-4213515
DETOX: Architecture of Drug Addiction Rehabilitation
10 things to remember while designing Rehabilitation Centre’s https://www.re-thinkingthefuture.com/rtf-fresh-perspectives/a1907-10-things-toremember-while-designing-rehabilitation-centres/
Biophilic Design https://www.kmb-architects.com/news/2019/3/12/biophilic-design
Biophilic Design Case Studies
https://www.terrapinbrightgreen.com/report/biophilic-design-case-studies/ https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/indian-youth-ditches-smoking-for-drinksand-drugs/story-er1vtd8cswjte6ipxvvppk.html
World Drug Report 2021
https://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/data-and-analysis/wdr2021.html