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FRANZKAFKAINCONTEXT
FranzKafka(1883–1924)livedthroughoneofthemostturbulentperiodsinmodernhistory,witnessingaworldwar,thedissolutionofan empireandthefoundationofanewnationstate.Buttheearlytwentiethcenturywasalsoatimeofsocialprogressandaestheticexperimentation.Kafka’snovelsandshortstoriesrelecttheirauthor’skeenbut criticalengagementwiththebigquestionsofhistime,andyetoften Kafkaisstillcastasasolitaryigurewithlittleornoconnectionto hisage. FranzKafkainContext aimstoredressthisperception. Inthirty-iveshort,accessibleessays,leadinginternationalscholars exploreKafka’spersonalandworkinglife,hisreceptionofartandculture,hisengagementwithpoliticalandsocialissues,andhisongoing receptionandinluence.Togethertheyoferanuancedandhistoricallygroundedimageofawriterwhoseworkcontinuestofascinate readersfromallbackgrounds.
carolinduttlingerisAssociateProfessorinGermanattheUniversityofOxford,aFellowofWadhamCollege,andCo-Directorof theOxfordKafkaResearchCentre.AninternationalexpertonGermanmodernism,shehasbeenawardednumerousprizesandfellowships,includingtheZvi-Meitar/Vice-ChancellorOxfordUniversity ResearchPrizeintheHumanities.Sheistheauthorof Kafkaand Photography (2007)and TheCambridgeIntroductiontoFranzKafka (2013),theeditorof FranzKafkas‘Betrachtung’:NeueLektüren (2014) andtheco-editorof WalterBenjaminsanthropologischesDenken (2012) and WeimarPhotographyinContext (2017).
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978-1-107-08549-7 Franz Kafka in Context
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FRANZKAFKAINCONTEXT
editedby CAROLINDUTTLINGER UniversityofOxford
Cambridge University Press
978-1-107-08549-7 Franz Kafka in Context
Edited by Carolin Duttlinger FrontmatterMore Information
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Subjects:LCSH:Kafka,Franz,1883–1924–Criticismandinterpretation.| Prague(CzechRepublic)–Intellectuallife–History–20thcentury.
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Illustrations
1LaurinandKlementTeam. Sportahry No.20,21June1905, p.242.CzechNationalLibraryPrague page 13
2Titlepageoftheirsteditionof InderStrafkolonie (1919) withahandwrittendedicationbyKafka’sparents:‘Zum AndenkenvonunseremverstorbenenSohn|JulieKafka.| Prag20.5.1926,HermannKafka’(‘Inmemoryofourlateson’).
AnthonyNorthey,privatecollection16
3Pagefromthemanuscriptof DerProcess.Deutsches
LiteraturarchivMarbach 59
4FairgroundnoveltyphotographofKafkawith(lefttoright): AlbertEhrenstein,OttoPickandLiseKaznelson,Vienna Prater,1913.ArchivKlausWagenbach124
5KarelTeige, GreetingsfromaJourney (1923).Courtesyofthe EstateofKarelTeigeandDILIA,Prague125
6‘Ofthecastlehilltherewasnothingtobeseen.’Areader’s Kafkaesqueimagining 289
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NotesonContributors
markm.andersonisProfessorofGermanliteratureintheDepartment ofGermanicLanguagesandDirectorofDeutschesHausatColumbia University.Theauthorof Kafka’sClothes:OrnamentandAestheticismin theHabsburgFindeSiècle (1992)andeditorof ReadingKafka:Prague, PoliticsandtheFindeSiècle (1989),hehelpedtointroduceanewhistoricalreadingofKafka.HerecentlyeditedKafka’s TheMetamorphosis for theNortonCriticalEditionsseries.HehasalsowrittenwidelyonGermanliteraturefromthemodernistperiodtopost-warauthorssuchas PaulCelan,IngeborgBachmann,ThomasBernhardandW.G.Sebald, andiscurrentlyworkingonabookaboutW.G.Sebald’syouth.
elizabethboaisProfessorEmeritaofGermanattheUniversityof Nottingham.HerpublicationsonKafkainclude Kafka:Gender,Class, andRaceintheLettersandFictions (1996);‘TheCastle’in TheCambridgeCompaniontoKafka (2002);‘KarlRossmannortheBoywho Wouldn’tGrowUp’inMaryOrrandLesleySharpe(eds.), FromGoethe toGide:Feminism,AestheticsandtheFrenchandGermanLiteraryCanon (2005);‘Figurenkonstellationen’inManfredEngelandBerndAuerochs (eds.), KafkaHandbuch (2010);‘Inside/Outside:TopographiesofSelf andWorldinKafka’s Betrachtung’inCarolinDuttlinger(ed.), Kafkas Betrachtung:NeueLektüren (2014);and‘ObservationsonTimeand Motion:Kafka’s Betrachtung andtheVisualArtsaround1912’inAnne FuchsandJ.J.Long(eds.), TimeinGermanLiteratureandCulture1900–2015 (2016).
stanleycorngoldisProfessorEmeritusofGermanandComparative LiteratureatPrincetonUniversity.In2009,withBennoWagnerand JackGreenberg,heedited,withcommentary, FranzKafka:TheOice Writings.In2010,hepublished,withBennoWagner, FranzKafka:The GhostsintheMachine andedited,withRuthV.Gross,acollectionof essaystitled KafkafortheTwenty-FirstCentury. Sincethenhehasedited, ix
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withhistranslation,aModernLibraryeditionofKafka’s TheMetamorphosis,translatedGoethe’s TheSuferingsofYoungWerther andcompleted anintellectualbiographyofthephilosopherWalterKaufmann.
markcornwallisProfessorofModernEuropeanHistoryattheUniversityofSouthampton.HespecializesinthelateHabsburgEmpireand twentieth-centuryEasternEurope,especiallytheevolutionofCzech, HungarianandSouthSlavnationalism.Hispublicationsinclude The UnderminingofAustria-Hungary:TheBattleforHeartsandMinds (2000); TheDevil’sWall:TheNationalistYouthMissionofHeinzRutha (2012)(astudyofGermannationalismintheBohemianlands);and,as editorwithJohnPaulNewman, SacriiceandRebirth:TheLegacyofthe LastHabsburgWar (2016).Heiscurrentlywritingabookabouttreason inthelateHabsburgmonarchy.
carolinduttlingerisAssociateProfessorinGermanattheUniversityofOxford,FellowofWadhamCollegeOxfordandCo-Directorof theOxfordKafkaResearchCentre.HerresearchinterestsincludeGermanliterature,thoughtandculturefromthenineteenthcenturytothe present;therelationshipbetweenliterature,photographyandvisualculture;andtheinterplayofattentionanddistractioninliteratureandculturalhistory.Sheistheauthorof KafkaandPhotography (2007)and TheCambridgeIntroductiontoFranzKafka (2013),andtheeditorof FranzKafkas‘Betrachtung’:NeueLektüren (2014).Shehasalsoco-edited, withJohannesBirgfeld, CuriosityinGermanLiteratureandCultureafter 1700 (2009);withBenMorganandAnthonyPhelan, WalterBenjamins anthropologischesDenken (2012);andwithSilkeHorstkotte, WeimarPhotographyinContext (2017).
manfredengelisProfessorofModernGermanLiteratureatSaarland Universityandco-directoroftheICLAResearch-Committee‘DreamCultures:CulturalandLiteraryHistoryoftheDream’;hewasformerlyProfessorofGermanandEuropeanLiteratureattheFernUniversitätHagenandTaylorChairofGermanLiteratureattheUniversity ofOxford.Hispublicationsinclude KulturPoetik:JournalforCultural Poetics (2000onwards;editedwithBernardDieterle,MonikaRitzer andBenjaminSpecht); Kafka-Handbuch (2010;editedwithBerndAuerochs);and KafkaunddieReligioninderModerne/Kafka,Religion,and Modernity (2014,editedwithRitchieRobertson).
katjagarloffisProfessorofGermanandHumanitiesatReedCollege inPortland,Oregon.Sheistheauthorof WordsfromAbroad:Trauma
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andDisplacementinPostwarGermanJewishWriters (2005)and Mixed Feelings:TropesofLoveinGermanJewishCulture (2016).ShehaspublishedarticlesonauthorssuchasLessing,Kafka,Walser,Roth,Weiss, Celan,Adorno,Arendt,Sebald,HonigmannandSteinandiscurrently co-editing(withAgnesMueller)avolumeoncontemporaryGerman Jewishliterature.
nicolagessisProfessorofGermanLiteratureatBaselUniversity.Sheis theauthorof PrimitivesDenken:Kinder,WildeundWahnsinnigeinder literarischenModerne(Müller,Musil,Benn,Benjamin) (2013)and Gewalt derMusik:LiteraturundMusikkritikum1800 (2006);sheistheeditor of LiterarischerPrimitivismus (2012)andtheco-editorofseveralbooks, including Primitivismusintermedial (2015); BarocktheateralsSpektakel: Maschine,BlickundBewegungaufderOpernbühnedesAncienRegime (2015);and Wissens-Ordnungen:ZueinerhistorischenEpistemologieder Literatur (2014).
ruthv.grossisProfessorofGermanandheadoftheDepartmentof LanguagesandLiteraturesatNorthCarolinaStateUniversity.Sheisthe co-editorof KafkafortheTwenty-FirstCentury (2011),anauthorand co-editorof AFranzKafkaEncyclopedia (2005),andtheeditorof CriticalEssaysonFranzKafka (1990).HernumerousarticlesonKafkaand othertwentieth-centuryGermanandAustrianauthorshaveappearedin PMLA, Monatshefte, TheLiteraryReview,TheGermanQuarterly,ModernAustrianLiterature,StoriadellaStoriograia and JournaloftheKafka SocietyofAmerica,amongothers.
markharman,ProfessorofEnglishandGermanatElizabethtownCollege,hastranslatedarangeofworksbyGerman-languageauthors, includingtwonovelsbyKafka– Amerika:TheMissingPerson (2008) and TheCastle (1998),whichwontheirstLoisRothAwardoftheModernLanguageAssociation–andworksbyRilke,Hesseandvariouscontemporarywriters.Editorandco-translatorof RobertWalserRediscovered:Stories,Fairy-TalePlaysandCriticalResponses (1985),hehaswritten widelyaboutmodernGermanandIrishliterature,withspecialemphasisonKafka,JoyceandBeckett.Heiscurrentlycompletingavolumeof annotatedtranslationsofselectedKafkastories.
silkehorstkotteisMarieCurieResearchFellowinGermanatthe UniversityofWarwick.Herpublicationsinclude Nachbilder:Fotograie undGedächtnisinderdeutschenGegenwartsliteratur (2009), Poetikender Gegenwart:DeutschsprachigeRomanenach2000 (2013,co-editedwith
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LeonhardHerrmann), LesenistwieSehen:IntermedialeZitateinBildund Text (2006,withKarinLeonhard),andaspecialissueof PoeticsToday dedicatedto‘PhotographyinFiction’(spring2008,withNancyPedri).
claytonkoelbistheGuyB.JohnsonDistinguishedProfessorinthe DepartmentofGermanicandSlavicLanguagesandProfessorofEnglish andComparativeLiteratureattheUniversityofNorthCarolina,Chapel Hill.HeispastpresidentoftheKafkaSocietyofAmerica.Amonghis booksare Kafka’sRhetoric:ThePassionofReading (1989), TheRevivifying Word (2008)and Kafka:AGuideforthePerplexed (2010).
katharinalaszloiscurrentlycompletingaD.Phil.ontherepresentationofchildrenandchildhoodinKafka’sworksattheUniversityof Oxford.ApartfromKafka,sheisespeciallyinterestedinthecultural historyofmodernism,theintersectionbetweenliteratureandphilosophyandliterarynoniction.Shealsoworksasafreelancejournalistin Berlin,writingmainlyaboutliteraturefortheArtssectionof Frankfurter AllgemeineZeitung.
j.j.longisProfessorofGermanandVisualCultureattheUniversityof Durham.Heistheauthorof TheNovelsofThomasBernhard (2001)and W.G.Sebald:Image,Archive,Modernity (2007)andhaspublishedwidely ontwentieth-centuryGermanandAustrianwriting,photographyand theintersectionsbetweenthevisualandverbalmedia.
thomasmartinecisLecturerinGermanattheUniversityofRegensburg.HehaspublishedvariousarticlesonmusicinGermanliterature (Lessing,earlyRomanticism,Rilke)andiscurrentlyworkingonamonographonmusicalpracticesaround1900.Hehasalsopublishedwidely onthetheoryoftragedyinthelongeighteenthcentury.
benmorganisFellowandTutorinGermanatWorcesterCollege,AssociateProfessorofGermanandCo-ConvenoroftheOxfordComparative CriticismandTranslationProgrammeattheUniversityofOxford.He istheauthorof OnBecomingGod:LateMedievalMysticismandtheModernWesternSelf (2013)andarticlesonmodernistliterature,ilmandphilosophyintheGerman-speakingworld(Trakl,KafkaandKierkegaard, BenjaminandHeidegger,FritzLang,LeniRiefenstahl,theFrankfurt School).Heisalsotheeditor,withCarolinDuttlingerandAnthony Phelan,of WalterBenjaminsanthropologischesDenken (2012),and,with SowonParkandEllenSpolsky,ofaSpecialIssueof PoeticsToday on ‘SituatedCognitionandtheStudyofCulture’(2017).
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NotesonContributors xiii
lotharmülleristheeditorofthefeaturessectionofthe Süddeutsche Zeitung.HetaughtgeneralandcomparativeliteratureatBerlinFreeUniversityand,since2010,hehasbeenanHonoraryProfessorattheHumboldtUniversityinBerlin.In2013hewasawardedtheBerlinPrizefor LiteraryCriticism.Heistheauthorof DiekrankeSeeleunddasLichtder Erkenntnis:KarlPhilippMoritz’AntonReiser (1987), DiezweiteStimme: VortragskunstvonGoethebisKafka (2007)and WhiteMagic:TheAgeof Paper (2015).
mareknekulaisaProfessorattheInstituteforSlavicStudiesattheUniversityofRegensburg.HeparticipatedinthecreationoftheCzecheditionofFranzKafka’soeuvreandthecriticalGermaneditionofFranz Kafka’sletters,editedbyHans-GerdKoch.Heistheauthorof Franz KafkasSprachen (2003),dealingwithKafka’sCzechandGermanintheir CentralEuropeancontext,and FranzKafkaandhisPragueContexts (2016),whichdiscussesKafka’sreceptioninCzechoslovakiaaround1963, hislanguagesandCzechreadings,aswellastherelectionoflanguagein Kafka’sstoriesandhisreadingofPrague.
claudianitschkeisProfessorofGermanatDurhamUniversity.She istheauthorof UtopieundKriegbeiLudwigAchimvonArnim (2004) and DeröfentlicheVater:KonzeptionenpaternalerSouveränitätinder deutschenLiteratur(1751–1921) (2012)andofseveralarticlesonKafka.
anthonynortheyisProfessorEmeritusatAcadiaUniversity.Overthe lastfortyyearshehasbeenengagedinbiographicalresearchonFranz KafkaandtheminorPragueliteraryiguresJosefAdolfBondy,HermineHanelandMarieGibian.Heistheauthorof KafkasMischpoche (1988),whichalsoappearedinEnglishas Kafka’sRelatives (1991)andin fourothertranslations.InadditiontoatranslationofKafka’suninished Americanovel(LostinAmerica,2010)hehaswrittennumerousarticles onKafka’slifeandwork;hismostrecentone(co-authoredwithEva MariaMandl),presentingnewlydiscoveredinterestinginformationon membersofthewiderfamilyofKafka’smother,JulieLöwy(someof themverywealthyandinluential),willbepublishedsoon.
doraosborneisLecturerinGermanattheUniversityofStAndrews. Sheistheauthorof TracesofTraumainW.G.SebaldandChristoph Ransmayr (2013)andeditorof EdinburghGermanYearbook 9(2015).Her currentresearchlooksattheroleofthearchiveinGermanmemoryculture,andshehaspublishedarticlesonrecenttrendsinmemorialization aswellasworkbycontemporaryauthorsandvisualartists.
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anthonyphelanisEmeritusFellowinGermanatKebleCollege, Oxford,wherehewasProfessorofGermanRomanticLiterature.He haswrittenwidelyonGermanliteratureandthoughtfromWielandand GoethetoBenjaminandBrecht.His ReadingHeinrichHeine appeared in2007.Hismaininterestisintherelationbetweenphilosophicalcritiqueandliteratureinmodernity.
ritchierobertsonisTaylorProfessorofGermanattheUniversityof Oxford.Hisbooksinclude Kafka:Judaism,Politics,andLiterature (1985) and Kafka:AVeryShortIntroduction (2004).WithCarolinDuttlinger andothers,heisadirectoroftheOxfordKafkaResearchCentre.
luciaruprechtisanailiatedLecturerattheDepartmentofGerman andDutch,UniversityofCambridge,andaFellowofEmmanuelCollege.Sheistheauthorof DancesoftheSelfinHeinrichvonKleist,E.T.A. HofmannandHeinrichHeine (2006,SpecialCitationofthedelaTorre BuenoPrize),editorof TowardsanEthicsofGesture (PerformancePhilosophy,2017),andco-editorof PerformanceandPerformativityinGerman CulturalStudies (withCarolinDuttlingerandAndrewWebber,2003), CulturalPleasure (withMichaelMinden,2009)and NewGermanDance Studies (withSusanManning,2012).Sheiscurrentlycompletingthe manuscriptofabookentitled GesturalImaginaries:DanceandtheCultureofGesturesattheBeginningoftheTwentiethCentury,undercontract withOxfordUniversityPress.
judithryanistheRobertK.andDaleJ.WearyProfessorofGerman andComparativeLiteratureatHarvardUniversity.Herlong-standing interestinKafkaledtosubstantialinvolvementintheKafkaSociety ofAmerica,whereshewasamemberoftheeditorialboardandserved twiceasPresident.HermainpublicationsonKafkahaveexloredthe developmentofhischaracteristicnarrativestrategiesandtheirimplicationsforthepresentationofepistemologicalandpsychologicalissuesin hisworks.AchapteronKafkainherbook TheVanishingSubject:Early PsychologyandLiteraryModernism (1991)alsofocusesonthoseissues. Hercurrentbook-lengthproject, ColonialFever,includesachapteron Kafka’sengagementwithcolonialismanditsaftermath.
rogerthielisaResearchFellowinReligiousStudiesattheFriedrichAlexanderUniversityofErlangen-Nuremberg.Heisamemberofthe ResearchGrouponSacralityandSacralisationintheMiddleAgesand inEarlyModernTimes:InterculturalPerspectivesinEuropeandAsia, fundedbytheGermanResearchFoundation.Hiscurrentresearchis
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devotedtosacredthingsandinvestigatesthehistory,theoryandtransformationofextraordinaryobjects.HisinterdisciplinarybookonKafka, Anarchitektur:LektürenzurArchitektur-KritikbeiFranzKafka,waspublishedin2011.Hehasalsopublishednumerousarticlesonreligion, art,architecture,philosophyandliteraturefromtheseventeenthtothe twenty-irstcentury.
emilyt.trosciankoisResearchAssociateintheFacultyofMedieval andModernLanguagesattheUniversityofOxford,andconducts researchinthecognitiveandmedicalhumanities.Shealsowritesfor non-academicaudiences,notablyviaherPsychologyTodayblogabout eatingdisorders, AHungerArtist.Herdoctoralresearchonthecognitive efectsofKafka’sprosewaspublishedbyRoutledgein2014as Kafka’s CognitiveRealism.Writingsubsequentlyaboutcognitiverealismand starvationinKafka’sshortstory‘AHungerArtist’helpedinspireher currentproject,whichinvolvesempiricalandtheoreticalexplorationof howiction-readingafectsmentalhealth,andviceversa.
johannestürkisAssociateProfessorofGermanicStudiesandAdjunct ProfessorofComparativeLiteratureatIndianaUniversityBloomington. HealsoservesasdirectoroftheInstituteofGermanStudies.Heisthe authorof DieImmunitätderLiteratur (2011).Heco-edited,withRobert Buch,thespecialissueof GermanicReview, FiguresandFigurationofthe (Un-)Dead.HehaspublishedonMarcelProust,FranzKafka,Heinrich vonKleist,CarlSchmittandThomasMann,aswellasonempathyand onimmunology.Heiscurrentlyworkingonprojectsaboutimmunity asapoliticalconceptaswellasonpoliticalemotions.
bennowagnerteachesGlobalStudiesandGermanStudiesatZhejiang University,Hangzhou.Hisresearchinterestsincludeliteratureand/as actornetwork;literatureand/asdigitalinterface;travelwritingandspatialhistory;andpoliticalmetaphors.Hehaspublishedandco-edited booksonGermanpoliticalmetaphorsandonthe posthistoire,andheis theauthorofnumerousarticlesonFranzKafka.Fromthemid-1990s,he reconstructedandco-editedFranzKafka’slegalwritingsfromCzechand Austrianarchives(AmtlicheSchriften,2004; TheOiceWritings,2008). Heiscurrentlypreparinganactornetworktheory-basedre-readingof Kafka’swork.
andrewj.webberisProfessorofModernGermanandComparativeCultureattheUniversityofCambridge.Hisbooksinclude The EuropeanAvant-Garde,1900–1940 (2004)and BerlinintheTwentieth
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Century:ACulturalTopography (2008).Heistheeditorofthe Cambridge CompaniontotheLiteratureofBerlin (2017)andPrincipalInvestigatorof theAHRC-fundedproject,‘ADigitalCriticalEditionofMiddle-Period WorksbyArthurSchnitzler’.
danielweidnerisProfessorfortheStudyofCultureandReligionat theHumboldtUniversityinBerlinandAssociateDirectoroftheCentreforLiteraryandCulturalResearch.Hismainareasofresearchare theinterrelationofreligionandliterature,theoriesofsecularization,the historyofphilologyandliterarytheoryandGerman-JewishLiterature. Amonghispublicationsare GershomScholem:Politisches,esoterischesund historiographischesSchreiben (2003), BibelundLiteraturum1800 (2011), SakramentaleRepräsentation:Substanz,ZeichenundPräsenzinderFrühen Neuzeit (withStefanieErtzandHeikeSchlie,2012).RecentEnglishpublicationsinclude‘TheRhetoricofSecularization’, NewGermanCritique, 120(2014),and‘ThePoliticalTheologyofEthicalMonotheism’inM. KavkaandR.Raskover(eds.), Judaism,Liberalism,andPoliticalTheology (2014).
matthiaszachistheAcademicCoordinatoroftheForumforGlobal andTransregionalStudiesattheUniversityofGöttingen.Hepreviously workedasapost-doctoralresearcherattheUniversityofBremen’sInstituteforPostcolonialandTransculturalStudies.Hispublicationsinclude amonographonpoet-translatorsYvesBonnefoyandPaulCelanastranslatorsofShakespeare,aswellasarticlesontheaestheticsandpoliticsof literarytranslation,onliterarymultilingualismandonthetranslationof Orientaliststereotypes.
theodoreziolkowskiisClassof1900ProfessorEmeritusofGerman andComparativeLiteratureandpastDeanoftheGraduateSchoolat PrincetonUniversity.Hehaspublishedoverthirtybooksintheields ofGermanRomanticismandreceptionofclassicalantiquityinmodern literature.Hismostrecentpublicationsare ClassicismoftheTwenties: Art,MusicandLiterature (2015), TheAlchemistinLiterature:FromDante tothePresent (2015)and UsesandAbusesofMoses:LiteraryRepresentations sincetheEnlightenment (2016).
peterzusiisLecturerinCzechandSlovakStudiesatUniversityCollegeLondon,SchoolofSlavonicandEastEuropeanStudies.Hismain researchfocusisCentralEuropeanmodernism,withastronginterestin avant-gardesandtherelationbetweenliteratureandvisualarts,particularlyarchitecture.Hehaspublishedarticlesonvariousaspectsofthe
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Czechinterwaravant-gardeandoniguressuchasKafka,Rilke,BenjaminandLukács.Herecentlyeditedaspecialissueof CentralEurope titled‘CulturesofBohemiaintheTwentiethCentury’andiscurrently writingabookonKafkaandCzechmodernism.
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Chronology
18833July:FranzKafkaisborninPraguetoHermannKafka (1852–1931)andhiswife,Julie,néeLöwy(1856–1934).
1885BirthofKafka’syoungerbrotherGeorg,whodiesofmeaslesat theageofifteenmonths.
1887BirthofKafka’syoungerbrotherHeinrich,whodiesof meningitisattheageofsixmonths.
1889September:KafkastartsschoolattheDeutscheVolks-und BürgerschuleinPrague.BirthofKafka’ssisterGabriele(‘Elli’; d.1941).
1890BirthofKafka’ssisterValerie(‘Valli’;d.1942).
1892BirthofKafka’ssisterOttilie(‘Ottla’;d.1943).
1893KafkatransferstotheAltstädterdeutschesGymnasiumhoused intheKinsky-PalaisattheAltstädterRing.
1896June:KafkacelebrateshisBar-Mitzvahatthe Zigeuner-SynagogeinPrague;theinvitationssentbyHermann Kafkarefertohisson’s‘conirmation’.
1897Anti-GermanattacksbyCzechnationalistssoonextendto Jewishbusinesses;theKafkas’haberdasheryshopisspared.
1901July:Kafkapasseshis Abitur (A-levels)andthengoesonhisirst longertrip,totheGermanNorthSeaislandsofNorderneyand Heligoland.October:Kafkamatriculatesatthe German-languagesectionoftheKarl-Ferdinands-Universität (CharlesUniversity)inPrague.Aftertwoweeksofstudying chemistry,hechangestolaw;inthecourseofhisdegreehealso attendsseminarsandlecturesinphilosophy,psychology, Germanliterature,arthistory,LatinandGreek.
1902InthesummerKafkaandhisfriendPaulKischmakeplansto movetoMunichtostudyGermanliteraturebut,unlikeKisch, KafkacontinueswithhislawdegreeinPrague.Hemeets
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Chronology xix
MaxBrod(1884–1968),whowillbecomehisclosefriend,ata studentsocietyevent.Aproliicwriterinhisownright,Brod willlaterbecomeKafka’sposthumouseditor.
1906Kafkagainshisdoctorateinlawwiththelowestpassmarkand beginsaninternshipinthePraguelawcourts.
1907KafkastartsworkingforthePraguebranchoftheTrieste-based insurancecompanyAssicurazioniGenerali.
1908Kafkamovestothestate-runArbeiter-Unfall-VersicherungsAnstaltfürdasKönigreichBöhmen(Workers’Accident InsuranceInstitutefortheKingdomofBohemia).Eightofhis shortprosepiecesarepublishedinthejournal Hyperion.
1909September:KafkagoesonholidaywithMaxBrodandhis brotherOttotoRivaonLakeGarda.Ontheirwayhome,they attendanairshowinBrescia,whichwillbecomethesubjectof Kafka’sshorttext‘DieAeroplaneinBrescia’(‘TheAeroplanes inBrescia’).
1910October:triptoPariswithMaxandOttoBrod;Kafkareturns homeearlybecauseofanabscess.
1911August–September:tripwithMaxBrodtoSwitzerland, NorthernItalyandParis.IntheautumnandwinterKafka attendstheperformancesofaYiddishtheatretroupeattheCafé SavoyinPragueandbefriendstheactorJizchakLöwy.
1912June–July:triptoWeimarviaLeipzigwithMaxBrod.In LeipzigKafkameetsBrod’spublisher,KurtWolf,whoofers himacontractforavolumeofshortprose.Attheendofthe tripKafkaspendsthreeweeksaloneattheJungbornsanatorium intheHarzMountains.13August:Kafkameetshislateriancée, theBerlin-basedoiceclerkFeliceBauer(1887–1960),inthe houseofBrod’sparents.September:Kafkasendshisirstletter toBauer.Twodayslater,on22/23September,hewriteshis shortstory‘DasUrteil’(‘TheJudgement’),widelyconsidered hisbreakthroughtext,inasinglenight.September:Kafkastarts workingonhisirstnovel, DerVerschollene (TheManwho Disappeared).November–December:hewrites DieVerwandlung (TheMetamorphosis).December:Kafka’sirstbook,the collection Betrachtung (Meditation),ispublishedbyKurtWolf inLeipzig.
1913KafkavisitsFeliceBauerthreetimesinBerlin.May: DerHeizer (TheStoker),theirstchapterof TheManwhoDisappeared,is publishedasaself-containedvolumebyWolfinthe
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avant-gardeseries DerjüngsteTag (TheLastJudgement). September:Kafkaattendsaconferenceonaccidentprevention inVienna,andalsolooksinontheEleventhZionistCongress. FromViennahetravelsontoRiva(northernItaly),wherehe staysinasanatorium.
19141June:KafkaandFeliceBauergetoiciallyengagedinBerlin. 12July:theengagementisdissolvedbyBauer,whoconfronts KafkaabouthissecretcorrespondencewithherfriendGrete Bloch.KafkagoesonholidaywiththewriterErnstWeissinthe DanishresortofMarielyst.1August:Austria-Hungarydeclares waronSerbia;beginningoftheFirstWorldWar.August:Kafka startswritinghissecondnovel DerProcess (TheTrial).October: hetakestimeofworktofocuson TheTrial butwrites‘Inder Strafkolonie’(‘InthePenalColony’)instead.
1915January:Kafkagivesupworkon TheTrial;hemeetsupwith FeliceBauerfortheirsttimesincetheirbreak-upandreadsher thedoorkeeperparablefrom TheTrial.December: The Metamorphosis ispublishedbyWolf.TheplaywrightCarl Sternheim,whohasbeenawardedtheFontanePrizefor literature,passesontheprizemoneytoKafka.
1916ReconciliationwithFeliceBauer.July:KafkaandBauerspend tendaystogetherintheBohemianresortMarienbad (MariánskéLáznˇe).‘DasUrteil’(‘TheJudgement’)ispublished asaself-containedvolumebyWolf.November1916–April 1917:KafkausesahousehissisterOttlahasrentedintheCastle Districtasawritingretreat,producingthestoriesthatwillmake upthecollection EinLandarzt (ACountryDoctor).
1917July:KafkaandFeliceBauervisitBauer’ssisterElseBraunin Budapestandrenewtheirengagement.12–13and13–14August: Kafkasuferstwonocturnalhaemorrhages,whicharethen diagnosedastubercular.September:hemovestotheBohemian villageofZürau(Siˇrem)tolivewithhissisterOttla.December: visitbyBauer;theengagementisdissolved.
1918May:KafkareturnstoPragueandresumeswork.October:he contractstheSpanishlu.November:hereturnstoworkfor fourdaysandisgivenleaveagain.Hestaysinahotelin Schelesen(Želízy).
1919January:KafkameetsJulieWohryzeck(1891–1944)whilein Schelesen.April:hereturnstoPragueandtowork.September: hegetsengagedtoWohryzeck;hisparentstrytojeopardizethe
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match.October: InderStrafkolonie (InthePenalColony)is publishedbyWolf.
1920February/March:Kafkabeginsanintensecorrespondencewith themarriedjournalistandtranslatorMilenaJesenká-Polak (1896–1944).May: EinLandarzt (ACountryDoctor)is publishedbyWolf.LateJune/earlyJuly:Kafkaspendssixdays withJesenkáinVienna.July:heendshisengagementwithJulie Wohryzeck.December:Kafkaisgrantedhealthleaveagain;he staysinasanatoriuminMatliaryintheTatraMountainsuntil August1921.
1921January:KafkaendsthecorrespondencewithMilenaJesenká. September:hereturnstoworkbuttakesthreefurthermonths’ sickleavefromOctober.
1922January:Kafka’ssickleaveisextendedagainuntilApril.He staysinahotelinSpindlermühle(Špindler˚uvMlýn)inthe TatraMountains,wherehewriteshisinalnovel, DasSchloss (TheCastle).1July:Kafkaisgrantedearlyretirementonhealth groundsbytheInsuranceInstitute.
1923July:KafkaisonholidayinMüritzontheBalticSea,where hemeetsDoraDiamant(1898–1952).September:Kafkamoves toBerlinwhereheliveswithDiamant;becauseofthe hyper-inlationtheirinancialcircumstancesareverystrained.
1924March:becauseofhisdeclininghealthKafkareturnstoPrague; hewriteshisinalshortstory,‘Joseine,dieSängerinoderDas VolkderMäuse’(‘Joseine,theSingerorTheMousePeople’). April:itisdiagnosedthathistuberculosishasspreadtothe larynx.AccompaniedbyDoraDiamant,hemovesfroma sanatoriuminOrtmann(LowerAustria)toalaryngological clinicinVienna,andfromtheretoasmallsanatoriumin KierlingnearKlosterneuburg.3June:Kafkadies,withDiamant athisside.August:hiscollection EinHungerkünstler (AHunger Artist)ispublishedbyDieSchmiede.
1925 DerProcess (TheTrial),editedbyMaxBrod,ispublishedby DieSchmiede.
1926 DasSchloss (TheCastle),editedbyBrod,ispublishedbyWolf.
1927 Amerika,nowknownbyKafka’sowntitle, DerVerschollene (The ManwhoDisappeared),editedbyBrod,ispublishedbyWolf.
1939MaxBrodleavesPragueonthelasttrainbeforetheGerman invasion,takingKafka’smanuscriptswithhim,andreaches Palestine.
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Chronology
1956Brodtransfersthemanuscripts(withtheexceptionof TheTrial) toabankvaultinZurich.
1961TheOxfordGermanscholarMalcolmPasley,withthe permissionofKafka’sheirs,transfersthemanuscriptstothe BodleianLibraryOxford.
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AbbreviationsandNoteontheTexts
Thefollowingabbreviationsareusedinthisbook.Whereapublished translationisavailable,allquotationsarereferencedirsttotheEnglishversionandthentotheGermanoriginal.Onoccasion,translationshavebeen tacitlymodiied.Forworksthathavenotbeentranslated,thecontributors haveprovidedtheirowntranslations.
Unlessotherwisestated,ellipsesareeditorialratherthanpartoftheoriginaltext.
FictionalWritings
CThe Castle,trans.AntheaBell(OxfordUniversityPress,2009)
CSSTheCompleteStories,ed.NahumN.Glatzer(NewYork,NY: Schocken,1976)
DLDruckezuLebzeiten,ed.WolfKittler,Hans-GerdKochand GerhardNeumann.FranzKafka:Schriften,Tagebücher, Briefe:KritischeAusgabe(FrankfurtamMain:Fischer,1996)
DLADruckezuLebzeiten:Apparatband,ed.WolfKittler, Hans-GerdKochandGerhardNeumann.FranzKafka: Schriften,Tagebücher,Briefe:KritischeAusgabe(Frankfurt amMain:Fischer,1996)
HAAHungerArtistandOtherStories,trans.JoyceCrick(Oxford UniversityPress,2012)
MTheMetamorphosisandOtherStories,trans.JoyceCrick (OxfordUniversityPress,2009)
MDTheManwhoDisappeared(America),trans.RitchieRobertson (OxfordUniversityPress,2012)
NSINachgelasseneSchriftenundFragmenteI,ed.MalcolmPasley. FranzKafka:Schriften,Tagebücher,Briefe:KritischeAusgabe (FrankfurtamMain:Fischer,1993)
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ListofAbbreviationsandNoteontheTexts
NSIANachgelasseneSchriftenundFragmenteI:Apparatband,ed. MalcolmPasley.FranzKafka:Schriften,Tagebücher,Briefe: KritischeAusgabe(FrankfurtamMain:Fischer,1993)
NSIINachgelasseneSchriftenundFragmenteII,ed.MalcolmPasley. FranzKafka:Schriften,Tagebücher,Briefe:KritischeAusgabe (FrankfurtamMain:Fischer,1992)
NSIIANachgelasseneSchriftenundFragmenteII:Apparatband,ed. MalcolmPasley.FranzKafka:Schriften,Tagebücher,Briefe: KritischeAusgabe(FrankfurtamMain:Fischer,1992)
ONTheBlueOctavoNotebooks,ed.MaxBrodandtrans.Ernst KaiserandEithneWilkins(Cambridge,MA:ExactChange, 1991)
PDerProceß,ed.MalcolmPasley.FranzKafka:Schriften, Tagebücher,Briefe:KritischeAusgabe(FrankfurtamMain: Fischer,1990)
PADerProceß:Apparatband,ed.MalcolmPasley.FranzKafka: Schriften,Tagebücher,Briefe:KritischeAusgabe(Frankfurt amMain:Fischer,1990)
SDasSchloß,ed.MalcolmPasley.FranzKafka:Schriften, Tagebücher,Briefe:KritischeAusgabe(FrankfurtamMain: Fischer,1982)
SADasSchloß:Apparatband,ed.MalcolmPasley.FranzKafka: Schriften,Tagebücher,Briefe:KritischeAusgabe(Frankfurt amMain:Fischer,1982)
TThe Trial,trans.MikeMitchell(OxfordUniversityPress, 2009)
VDerVerschollene,ed.JostSchillemeit.FranzKafka:Schriften, Tagebücher,Briefe:KritischeAusgabe(FrankfurtamMain: Fischer,1983)
VADerVerschollene:Apparatband,ed.JostSchillemeit.Franz Kafka:Schriften,Tagebücher,Briefe:KritischeAusgabe (FrankfurtamMain:Fischer,1983)
ZTheZürauAphorisms,trans.MichaelHofmann;intro.and afterwordRobertoCalasso(London:HarvillSecker,2006)
Non-FictionalWritings
AAmtlicheSchriften,ed.KlausHermsdorfandBennoWagner.
FranzKafka:Schriften,Tagebücher,Briefe:KritischeAusgabe (FrankfurtamMain:Fischer,2004)
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AMAmtlicheSchriften:Materialienband,ed.KlausHermsdorfand BennoWagner.FranzKafka:Schriften,Tagebücher,Briefe: KritischeAusgabe(FrankfurtamMain:Fischer,2004)
BBriefe1902–1924,ed.MaxBrod(FrankfurtamMain:Fischer, 1975)
B1Briefe1900–1912,ed.Hans-GerdKoch.FranzKafka:Schriften, Tagebücher,Briefe:KritischeAusgabe(FrankfurtamMain: Fischer,1999)
B2Briefe1913–März1914,ed.Hans-GerdKoch.FranzKafka: Schriften,Tagebücher,Briefe:KritischeAusgabe(Frankfurtam Main:Fischer,2001)
B3BriefeApril1914–1917,ed.Hans-GerdKoch.FranzKafka: Schriften,Tagebücher,Briefe:KritischeAusgabe(Frankfurtam Main:Fischer,2005)
B4Briefe1918–1920,ed.Hans-GerdKoch.FranzKafka:Schriften, Tagebücher,Briefe:KritischeAusgabe(FrankfurtamMain: Fischer,2013)
BEBriefeandieElternausdenJahren1922–1924,ed.Josef ˇ Cermák andMartinSvatoš(FrankfurtamMain:Fischer,1993)
BFBriefeanFeliceundandereKorrespondenzausder Verlobungszeit,ed.ErichHellerandJürgenBorn(Frankfurt amMain:Fischer,1998)
BMBriefeanMilena,ed.JürgenBornandMichaelMüller, extendedandrevisededn(FrankfurtamMain:Fischer,1999)
BOFBriefeanOttlaunddieFamilie,ed.HartmutBinderandKlaus Wagenbach(FrankfurtamMain:Fischer,1981)
DTheDiariesofFranzKafka,1910–23,ed.MaxBrod(London: Minerva,1992)
EFB MalcolmPasley(ed.), MaxBrod,FranzKafka:Eine Freundschaft,vol.ii: Briefwechsel (FrankfurtamMain:Fischer, 1989)
EFR MalcolmPasley(ed.), MaxBrod,FranzKafka:Eine Freundschaft,vol.i: Reisetagebücher (FrankfurtamMain: Fischer,1987)
LFLetterstoFelice,ed.ErichHellerandJürgenBorn,trans.James SternandElisabethDuckworth(London:Minerva,1992)
LFFELetterstoFriends,FamilyandEditors,trans.RichardWinston andClaraWinston(Richmond:OneworldClassics,2011)
LMLetterstoMilena,ed.WillyHaas,trans.TaniaSternandJames Stern(London:Minerva,1992)
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LOFLetterstoOttlaandtheFamily,trans.RichardWinstonand ClaraWinston,ed.N.N.Glatzer(NewYork,NY:Schocken, 1982)
OTheOiceWritings,ed.StanleyCorngold,JackGreenbergand BennoWagner,trans.EricPattonwithRuthHein(Princeton UniversityPress,2008)
TBTagebücher,ed.Hans-GerdKoch,MichaelMüllerand MalcolmPasley.FranzKafka:Schriften,Tagebücher,Briefe: KritischeAusgabe(FrankfurtamMain:Fischer,1990)
TBATagebücher:Apparatband,ed.Hans-GerdKoch,Michael MüllerandMalcolmPasley.FranzKafka:Schriften, Tagebücher,Briefe:KritischeAusgabe(FrankfurtamMain: Fischer,1990)
TBKTagebücher:Kommentarband,ed.Hans-GerdKoch,Michael MüllerandMalcolmPasley.FranzKafka:Schriften, Tagebücher,Briefe:KritischeAusgabe(FrankfurtamMain: Fischer,1990)