Architecture in 1 Week by Marco Mazzotta

ARCHITECTUREin

WEEK MCH2012 MASTER in COLLECTIVE HOUSING Master’s Degree in Collective housing Universidad Politecnica de Madrid

MARCO MAZZOTTA

INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................................

HOUSING & RESTAURATION.............................................................................................

HOUSING & FUTURE’S CITY............................................................................................. 12

HOUSING & ORDINARY LUXURY...................................................................................... 20

HOUSING & TYPOLOGY..................................................................................................... 30

HOUSING & CONTEXT........................................................................................................ 40

HOUSING & PLUS.............................................................................................................. 50

HOUSING & CLIMATE......................................................................................................... 64

HOUSING & BASIC HABITABILITY..................................................................................... 88

HOUSING & URBAN DESIGN............................................................................................. 98

CURRICULUMVITAE

PERSONAL INFORMATIONS First Name|Last Name Marco Mazzotta Mobile phone +39 328-6248971 E-mail marcomaz40@yahoo.it Nationality Italian Date of birth 29/03/1985 Gender M

Education and Training september2012

july2011

september2010-march2011

Master’s Degree in Collective Housing at the Universidad Politecnica de Madrid Master of Science, Architecture at the University G.D’Annunzio Chieti_Pescara Level in national classification: 110/110 Univerza v Ljubljani Fakulteta za arhitekturo thesis’s research

Learning experiences july 2011

Laura Morandini film festival selected video for a cinema/architecture movie festival theme of the movie: Space Re-use Teaching assistant in “ design composition 1 ” with prof. arch. Paola Misino,faculty of Architecture of Pescara.

march-july 2011

theme of the course: “work/house km0” The project involves the development of single family house including a work/productive area and the open space that will provide both an area bounded on the garden of the house, and is a larger area in the rear garden for agriculture. In this way we pass from the study of single cell housing issues that concern the relationship with the context: in particular the ratio of single volume with the city street, on the front, and the farm road on the back. Design competition for students “Experience Spaces”. Project for a container re-use.

october 2010

Winner for the Erasmus scholarship in Ljubljana for thesis’s research.

september 2010-march 2011

Stage with OFIS arkitectki in Ljubljana

september 2010-marzo 2011

Teaching assistant in “ design composition 2 ” with prof. arch. Paola Misino,faculty of Architecture of Pescara.

february-july 2010

theme of the course:”urban gardens, housing” The theme of the class refers to the areas of land, known as “urban fringe”, characterized on one hand by the evident promiscuity architecture produced by the urban expansion, and on the other side by the exodus of the rural communities to the cities.

As a starting point of the project is important to investigate the overlap between cities and agricultural fields through a critical reading of the types of production / housing that contains the roots in the culture of a population with rural carrier during its history of familiar forms-scale in the economic and entrepreneurial self-promotion. The people of these territories live in isolated family houses, carried out small productive/commercial activities service to the city and keeps alive the vegetable garden as a personal support.This functional organization appears to force a rule also linked to the location of the volumes and the typological open space: the production activity is often on the street front while the house is ideally set back from the road, the rear area is the family garden. The student must produce a local production, therefore, suggest a home and a aggregation of housing units according to the context. february 2009-july 2009

Teaching assistant in “ design composition 1 ” with prof. arch. Paola Misino,faculty of Architecture of Pescara. theme of the course:”social housing” The theme of the course addresses the challenges of housing “social” and triggers a series of reflections that go beyond the compositional aspect of living architecture. The workshop aims to deepen the redefinition of the living space from its greater versatility, understood both as a drawing of the interior space that can adapt to different users, which alternate over time, and as a new integration of outdoor spaces to single cell of a different nature (relational spaces, study areas for children’s play areas for children, professional...

gennuary 2009

may-august 2009 may 2008

video maker for the video ”Whelly” for Zo-loft architects_Pescara for the exhibition Box III_Roma stage with ADR studio 13th Biennale of Europe Mediterranean young artists Bari-Puglia

june-september 2008

video maker for the video”uneternal city” for N!studio_Roma for the 11th biennale of architecture Venice

april-june 2007

interfaculty design composition Workshop Jesi/viale della vittoria tutor: Susanna Ferrini

september-december 2007

video maker for the dvd “e-day” for the university G.D’Annunzio Pescara

september-november 2006

Internazional Workshop 10th Biennale of architecture_Venice “Learning from the Cities” “Understanding Shangai” tutor: Carmen Andriani

Skills and personal competences Mother tongue Languages Knowledge level second language Skills and computer competences

Skills and organizational competences

italian English Spanish English:advanded Spanish:beginner excellent knowledge of Autodesk Autocad 2d, 3d excellent knowledge of Adobe Photoshop CS excellent knowledge of Adobe Illustrator CS very good knowledge of Adobe Premier Pro CS good knowledge of Adobe After Effects CS good knowledge Adobe InDesign CS good knowledge 3D Studio Max + Vray base knowledge of Microsoft Office base knowledge of WIndows XP & Vista base knowledge of Mac OS snow Leopard Great capacity to organize time and work model of individuals and groups.

Skills and relation competences

Strong interest in the workshops which require collaboration between people with different expertise. Good skillsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; relationships with persons of diverse cultures dictated by the interest in knowing different â&#x20AC;&#x153;worldsâ&#x20AC;?. Strong interest in research of architectural approach, work with various and complex problems, study alternative approaches to sustainability and landscape, in the belief that researchers and practices can and must find a meeting point Curiosity and desire in knowing and learning different roles within a team work.

Skills and graphic competences

excellent graphics capabilities born from a passion has always been cultivated in the field of painting and graffiti and later evolved in the exploration of computer graphics and knowledge of digital photography applied to the production of animation.

personat interest in architecture field

Research about the relationships between public and private space in architectural design and must of all in collective housing projects

study trip

links

www.youtube.com/user/MarcoMazzotta40

ARCHITECTUREin1WEEK

INTRODUCTION Architecture in 1 week is a collection/selection of all the projects I designed during the MCH master in collective housing 2012 in Madrid. The decision of this title derives from the fact that all the projects have been designed within one week and this shows an architectural trend of the last years for different reasons and aspetcs. Be fast with good result I think is the keypoint to win architectural competition in our times. This means having the capacity of managing time, work, people and thought in a short time and be efficient and able to give the greatest answer to the client. Making a project in one week means having a critical view of the topic and give a good solution in a fast way. Most of all the projects that Iâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;m going to describe in the following pages were designed in groups, which were always different in every workshop ( from 2 to 7 people ), and this provides also the capacity of organizing people from different nations,culture and thought, and get the best out of it in less then one week. I think that according to our economic and working situation the capability to respond to a particular problem, demand, solution in a short time,like one week, is a must for our job and is for these reasons that I decided to collect my work during the master in relation to the day that I spent working on projects and on different topics. As the main topic is Housing, that is a complicated theme that involves main aspects and issues, I will organize the following text in topics that deal with the main ones such as, Restauration/Future/Ordinary Luxury/Typology/Context/Plus/Sustainability/Urban design/Basic Habitability. The explanation will pass first through a general view and description about â&#x20AC;&#x153;Housingâ&#x20AC;? and the other topics before enumerated, and second, will show and describe the projects that deal with the question treated. Marco Mazzotta

HOUSING & RESTAURATION

WORKSHOP_CONTAINERS RE-VISITED

leader JUAN HERREROS assistant MARIA AUXILIADORA GALVEZ

HOUSING & RESTAURATION Project location: Work group:

Madrid, Spain Jesus Barranco Sanfrancisco Marco Mazzotta Kohei Nakashita Kristen van den Houte

Guest professor:

Edouard Francois Alessandra Kosberg_JVA architects

Duration:

7 days

As a consequence of the city’s growth process most of the buildings (mainly factories) originally designed for the outside part of the city (considering the countryside or the industrial area context), are now englobed in the urban pattern and have become subjetcs to requalification after losing their primordial function. In addiction to that the economic crisis is reducing the possibility to re-use these spaces that become no place. As architects, analysing the city and using these spaces for citizens needs, is a big opportunity that multiplies the possibility for the peolple and the city itself. Container buildings are defining nowadays an empty space that could be converted in a container of activities, actions, feelings, life. Most of them have been converted in cultural facilities or commercial activities despite of the fact that housing is the opportunity of transformations and changes in the city. Usually these buildings have their own identity that derives from their own hystory and uses during the time. Some of them have acquired a certain recognition in the city as an urban reference despite of their functions. I believe that the most important part of the requalification process is to understand the building in the urban texture and recicle not just the space but also the materiality in order to preserve the building’s identity and memory . Edifico Espana is a good study case of the workshop; an hybrid building in the center of Madrid that was the tallest one in the 50’ and the simbol of the fascism period. A huge building that offers a big opportunity of tranformation not only for the building itself but mostly for the surroundings. Below i will explain a short story of the work process done during th e workshop, as steps and main points 4

project that goes through different aspects of the theme giving various inputs and thought to the question. Facade: When we visited Plaza de Espana for the first time and watched the Edificio de Espana, we were impressed by the monumentality of the facade. What once was a glorious building, now is reminding us the dark times of fascism, abandoned and empty, refusing all visitors, included us. Pictures of Gran Via_the Chinese Gallery: We had a totally different feeling when we were walking on Gran Via: a hybrid avenue, plenty of activities, shops, services, entertainment, prostitutes and homeless people, overwhelming, very crowdy and noisy, and, here and there, some hidden places to discover like the Chinese restaurant in the underground gallery with his invisible entrance. Facade as a mask: From the first moment it was clear that in our project, it was important to conserve the facade as a memory never to forget the horror of dictatorship, as a mask hiding the abuse of power and the destruction where it leads to. Monumentality_Density: We wanted even to reinforce this monumentality, to make the Edificio de Espana one of the highest of Madrid again, as it once has been (now it is only the 8th highest). By doing this, we could also keep the density needed in the center of the city. At its back we wanted to enlarge the patios, creating a secret space where you can escape from the busy Gran Via, discovering, new, different, hidden places. The process: We started by demolishing the back of the old building, saving the debris to fill what’s left from it (basically only the facades and some fragments of floors) as a monumental manifest of the decline and in the middle of these ruins we put 3 new, higher towers, increasing the contrast between old and new, installing a dialogue between the two of them (terraces and boxes going in to the old, destroyed. The project:

In the towers we keep this idea of secret and that’s why we decide to design dwellings and secret places. These secret places are hidden places that people discover little by little, by surprise, by opening a door and entering a totally different place, in contrast of the previous. You can find places full of light in the dark, a silent place inside a noisy one…( it could have been interesting to deal also with smell and temperature, air pressure etc, so that these secret places evolve towards a kind of experimental laboratories of senses and sensations…not worked out) The dwellings are diffused. They can be extended by a secret place, where to find yourself, alone or with some intimates. Or they can implode and be a collection of spread out secret places, belonging to one single inhabitant or shared by more people. We’ve also been thinking about what can be shared between the residents (collective housing) avoiding under used spaces, and that is practically everything: the kitchen and dining room, the bathroom, the living room, the library, the garden, the launderette, the terraces, …these are the collective or common places… At the end, we have a facade and behind that a secret landscape full of the debris of the old building in which new towers have taken their place hiding secret places to discover.

Monumentality vs Secret places the facade-fascism the ruin-manifest the towers-height Monumentality vs Secret places surroundings hidden spots building in contrast, unexpected dwellings, in private about intimacy and limits and collective parts

New

building

New

building

New

building

New

Old building

Old

New

building

New

building

New

building

New

building

Old building

DIFFUSE DWELLING

HOUSING & FUTURE’S CITY

WORKSHOP_TOKYO UTOPIA 2085

leader WIEL ARETS assistant LENA WIMMER

HOUSING & FUTURE’S CITY Project location: Work group:

Tokyo, Japan Marco Mazzotta

Duration:

5 days

Housing and city, housing and future, important issues that have always been issues of discussion during centuries. How is going to be our way of living in the future? And how the architectural space will be configured according to the way we are going to live and according to our society’s conformation? To better understand the connections that exist between housing and all these other elements (that determine the configuration of the house), I think it’s important to take a look back to the word “housing” during its history. Analysing the trasformation of the house during the years means considering important variables that affects itself, such as: time, context (local, regional, etc.), social class, type of household, life course, technology, gender. If we take into account for instance how the configuration of the house in Portugal was around the 60’, there were differences between the house in the north and in the south, but both had in common the fact that the kitchen was the main room of the house where all the family activities took place. If we analise in the same country a high social class’s house, we can see how the public part of the house (dining room, living room, office) belongs to the man, and the private part ( kitchen, bedroom,etc.) belongs to the woman. In the modern house all these elements have taken a different meaning because of social changes, context and other inputs; becoming an important flag of revolution that reduces distances between “Lords” and “Minor People”, “Parents” and “Sons”, “Woman” and “Man”. With this sample I just wanted to underline how architecture had determined our behaviour, our habits and our way of living simply through the distribution of different rooms in the space. I believe that one of the most important vari-

able that affect housing during the time and that brings important changes in architecture is technology. Aldo Rossi in one of his book wrote that “the technological develpment is not something that for us creates architecture”. I believe a little bit more that technology could help us in the way of making architecture. If we consider for istance which was the main condition from the passage between the Romanic and the Gothic period, it wasn’t the way of understanding religion and the humans position in the society that affects the architectural changes, but rather the technological aspects that allows to have big span between pillars of the arch that were then able to be closed with enormous full-lenght windows. Least but not last, the main technological aspect that favourites this passage of “style” was the prefabrication of the bricks that allows to build the arch in a faster way than the previous one. The last variable that I would like to talk about is the type of household. For years the house was designed for the “family”. The question now is to understand which is the kind of family we refer to when we design a flat in our time. Is the family the same as the common one of fifty years ago with a father,mother and two or three child? In the society we are living in the new families appear, new comunities and group of people that live together without taking in account the “single” that in big cities of Europe represent the 50% of the population. So what are the elements we have to refear to when we are designing our houses? The modern movement was designing for the common man, where everything was standard and where house was linked up to a machine, a car for living. In the contemporary the customitation and identity represent an important aspect for the design but we are still living in house designed in the 30’ with the same layout of plan. I strongly believe that, as in the history the rehabilitation of the building always took place and is an important aspect in order to save the soil from cities horizontal extention. We will design our city in order to favour the process of re-use the building without spending too much in energy terms.

In the following text I will describe my vision of the city of Tokyo in 2085 trough a manifesto that belongs to the exercise we did in Wiel Arets workshop. MANIFESTO The world population is in constant increasing and many cities are growing while others are shrinking. All this brings the city to have different configurations in order to afford the demand. But how architecture responds to these needs? Are the abandoned buildings converted to solve the problem of demand or we just make new settlements? And how we design them? When we design a building or a settlement we define the space in which people will live, we define the way they move in space and their state of mind. Architecture has to deal with this difficult tasks and often presume to impose his ideas as if they were laws. Our houses are most of the time designed for a family configuration. But what is the concept of family in the contemporary city? Are we able to understand the needs of people or we should leave more “space” and decision-making to people living the space as they want? And how we design the form and the shape of this space? K. Lynch wrote:

munication in the Internet era, no borders from country and culture. So why we need to define our space if in the reality the concept of border has completely changed and will continue to change in the future? A no-border space will allow to change the configuration of the city according to its needs and will also change the meaning of privacy. The meaning of this last word is constantly transforming; in the Facebook era the meaning of privacy is not the same it was 30 years ago. We share everything in the virtual world (probably more things than in the real world) we meet new people and we can talk with our friends that live on the other side of the world just typing ,or with a video call, and we can also have a “second life” (as the name of the internet platform) parallel with the one we are linving; The fact that people would like to live completely inside the context (for instance like the glass house) opens big questions of what is privacy, private and public. There is just a glass in between to define two different spaces. But what is the function of the glass in this case? Has just the meaning of protection from climate?

1 – “Activities change cyclical and progressively in their storage space relatively unchanging, the shape of these containers can not “follow function” unless the use of space is limited to a single and consistent pattern of behaviour, but we know that the space allocated to a single use is generally inefficient and often socially segregating”. In all its history the concept of house for the human being was always dealing with the concept of shell. Shell in order to afford function problems and activity needs, shell as protection from the weather conditions, protection from the enemies, protection of their privacy etc. So the concept of limiting the space has been always inherent in the human nature, according to the meaning of property. But in our time, where globalization has crept in, the concept of geographic and political borderline changes their meaning. No borders between generations, no borders of com1- Kevin Lynch - What time is this space - Mit press 1972 15

Architecture made of void. The meaning of border. No form related to a single activity. Recycling in terms of time and space. The concept of privacy. Stratification and overlapping. The autonomy of the city. Food necessity.

What would happen if we could just erase that material in between the two different spaces? Should we think that perhaps the solution lies in the void and not in the full? Undressed city will be a city where a technologic system will provide to have a perfect climate condition without having a shell and buildings wont have borders anymore. It will change the meaning of shell and the form wont be anymore the reflection of the activity that is inside. The shape does not follow the function and consequently the activity can be released from the concept of the box providing the possibility of a turnover of activities during day and night, during season, and years. A never ending configuration; a picture of the city that changes with the necessity, fashion, technology, needs etc. Talking about No-stop city by Archizoom associati, they were dealing a lot with this concept and what the said about was: 2 - ”Remove from our research all matters which concern the problems of language, form and composition, typical of the discipline. Erase the quality because always involves the border of the building and of the urban texture. Cities without architecture”. In the undressed city the technology

will give the possibility to unlink border and matter opening the city to a continuity of space. When Yona Friedman in 1958 wrote his “mobile architecture” he was talking about the freedom of the users: 3 - “dwelling decided on by the occupant” by way of “loose infrastructures that are neither determined nor determining,” but in constant redefinition by members of a “mobile society”. A city of free movement where citizens will decide where to live and where to install their community,their clubs according to their needs and “society” which they belong. A continuous and infinite space that opens thousands of different perspective in time and space. It is a way to avoid the Themroc condition as described by Claude Faraldo in his movie “Themoroc”. As In this movie the user started to tear down the wall of his flat because he was feeling too tight. A reconquest by the people of the space and its quality against the concept of cell that produce isolation. It will change the way we live, the way we interact with people; the interior and the exterior will have a different meaning. Buildings probably wont need a border, a defined space, a protection, they will be able to accommodate a variety of

VOID_BORDER_INFINITE_TEMPERATURE_PRIVACY_RECYCLE VOID_BORDER_INFINITE_TEMPERATURE_PRIVACY_RECYCLE 2- Branzi, Andrea. Modernità debole e diffusa.Skira, 2006, pag.70 3- Friedman,Yona. Pro domo. Actar, 2006

Marco Mazzotta

activities at different hours of the day in order to redefine in this way also the concept of recycling in architecture in terms of space-time and not in terms of building material; the environment is free from form and functions. It will be more important the sensation we have in the building rather than the building itself. Undressed city as architecture of the void, architecture without borders. Architecture of the void capable to responds to social and political changing within our cities. No longer a finite space, but an infinite space in his city limits. The flexibility of Undressed city has to deal with the border of the city. I strongly believe that the city has to be autonomous and to do that it should be divided into neighbourhoods, not in terms of communities (because the citizen will choose which is his own community) but just in terms of energy water and food. No physical borders between districs. As the population grows, also the quantity of food will increase and it will be necessary to apply the same concept of the skyscrapers to the farm. There wont’ be enough space to afford all the food needs, and for this reason big towers as greenhouse for vegetable towers like farm for meat like in the MVRDV pig-city utopia will be placed in strategic points. These food towers will provide also the communication systems in term of elevation. So if the demand of houses activities etc. will increase the city will grow too. The configuration of the city according to the temperature will be defined by terraces hanged on the “food” towers that will afford this climatic comfort condition and will be able to protect from sun and rain and be the place to escape from tsunami as a second ground floor. A way to duplicate the ground level of the city creating two opposite views. As the metabolism movement said: 4 -“ The limitation of the horizontal city has far passed over from the ability of function of transportation and the living standard”. The growing process will be in height and won’t be as we are used to see in our cities where you have the ground level that is the level that connect all the skyscrapers together. So if you are living in the 30th floor of a building and you would like to go to meet your friend in the building next to yours, you have to take the elevator,

pass through the ground level, take the elevator again and than finally meet you friend. It will be a city as a stratification of city, overlapping to each other in order to multiply the ground level and then multiply the opportunity. This overlapped city will define spaces with different light condition (some spaces will be able to have solar light and other won’t). This will be the opportunity for the people to escape from their daily life to a kind of secret place, a place that belong to you and your intimacy. This doesn’t mean that this place won’t have light at all, it will have artificial light and hologram screens that will give the opportunity to the users to decide the settings of the spaces up to their need (as Charlie Brooker describes in his movie “The black mirror-15 million merits). Multiply the city in terms of height will continue to create the mix of uses and people of the zero level. Undressed city will work in a way that activities will be ruled by the “mixitè” where community and individuality will create the equilibrium in order to avoid the marginalization of part of the city and of the human being. Dealing with the growing process of the city of Tokyo the metabolism movement (in “Proposal for a New Urbanism”) talks also about the concept of monument: 5 - “The tower shape city is the monument of modern life to connect each community, and to relate architecture and city”. The concept of monument is really important in the life of the city. Monuments tell you which is your past, from where you come from, and tells you in which part of the city you are according to an iconic meaning, a sign that is a physic reference in the urban fabric. Undressed city has its monumentality in terms of stratification; each layer will give you information and reference in an icon and historical way. The city will grow according to the demand in a progress way, and every time it grows, it will have a different era and then different fashion and will be customise by the users.

4- Wolfler Calvo, Marco. Archigram / Metabolism,Clean,Napoli, 2007,p113 Metabolism1960-proposal for a new urbanismo 5- Wolfler Calvo, Marco. Archigram / Metabolism,Clean,Napoli, 2007,p113 Metabolism1960-proposal for a new urbanismo 18

HOUSING & ORDINARY LUXURY

WORKSHOP_ORDINARY LUXURY

leader HRVOJE NJIRIC assistant NEREA CALVILLO

HOUSING & ORDINARY LUXURY Project location: Work group:

... Linda Delmedico Marco Mazzotta Patricio Serrano Alejandro zimet

Guest professor:

Jacobo García Germán Fernando Altozano Iñaki Carnicero

Duration:

5 days

When we talk about oridinary luxury in housing we are not referring to a rich space with golden finish or to something un-necessary; “luxury” in collective housing building as a deeper meaning. If we take in consideration the economic crisis, nowadays having your own house is already a big luxury itself. If we take into account the characteristic that a dwelling should have in order to be considered luxurious then the questions take another direction. The problem of knowing what luxury means is the same problem we find when we try to define a comfortable space. What does comfort mean? Comfort is a feeling, is a state of quiet enjoyment. All this is personal, belongs to the people;

activities

everybody has a different point of view about comfort like everybody has a different opinion about Luxury and which are the elements that provide this “sensation”, this state of mind. So how to provide luxury in a collective housing building where the design is made for people that we don’t know and not for a specific user as it happens in a private housing project? If we consider what is ordinary luxury in collective housing the point is a little bit different because collective housing involves a lot of issues dealing with economic aspects,social behaviours,climate,context etc. If one of the main request is to provide a good dwelling with few money, how can we understand the meaning of luxury? I strongly believe that in collective housing oridinary luxury is related to sacrifice. Sacrifice in terms of saving space and money where we can and put what we saved in something more, in terms of space as flexible as possible in order to let the user be free to arrange the space and the dwelling in the most comfortable way according to his personal understand of living. Ordinary luxury deals with “freedom” with “possibility”. In the project we developed during Njiric’s workshop we tried to put all these thought in a dwelling in order to try to apply all this to a dwelling in order to find a solution to this topic. The task of the workshop was to design a 120sqm dwelling that is a translation of what is the meaning of ordinary

sensations

pattern

public

private

servicies

luxury in a flat. According to what we were talking before, our first proposal was to define a 120sqm dwelling were the structure was put on the border of the building and fixing just the bathroom and the kitchen ( for technical issues ) in order to leave the space as free as possible in the interior to let the user decide how to arrange the space according to his necessity. The second step was to think about the user in economic terms. Most of the young workers are not able to afford a 120sqm dwelling and for this reason we tried to bring this question inside our project. The solution was, for us, design a 55smq that was able to be transformed according to time and user needs. The dwelling was basically designed with a stripe were all the services were located and another stripe were all the rooms were distributed. Another stripe was made with the remaining part of the 120sqm, a waiting space that can be used as a public,semipublic, or exterior space. A plug-in dwelling that was conceived more as a system that a flat itself. A system in the way that the unit could grow during the time according also to the user salary and not just needs. So opportunity, freedom, and sacrifice are the keywords that describe what “plug-in dwelling” is about. The interesting part of the experiment was that each group worked on different types that were assembled afterwards in a tower that becomes a prototype of a collective housing building. A vertical building were “identity” of the single unit becomes a new way of understand a tower, a vertical rotation of the horizontal city made of differents and references. 23

Meaning of Luxury: Something additional to pleasure or comfort but absolutely not necessary. Anything which pleases the senses. Luxury in space... ...a space that deals with Adaptability to different “events” and “time”.

Plug-in dwelling...timeline sequence

STUDIO LIVING KITCHEN

BEDROOM

BEDROOM BATHROOM MASTER BEDROOM

A’

B’

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HOUSING & TYPOLOGY

WORKSHOP_TYPOLOGY

leader ANDREA DEPLAZES assistant FERNANDO ALTOZANO

HOUSING & TYPOLOGY Project location: Work group:

Madrid, Spain Heidi De Moya Marco Mazzotta

Guest professor:

Javier Terrados

Duration:

5 days

During the centuries the transformations applied to the world, in order to satisfy the human’s needs, brought to the consequenses of defining the shapes and forms according to the uses and human necessity that creates what we call type. The type is not somethig that we can take as a model, something that we can simply apply everywhere we want. The there are a lot of houses in a city, they are all part of types but they are not the same between them. So it’s important to define and understand that the concept of type is not the same as the one of the model. A good explanation of the differences between these two words comes from the theoretician Quatremère de Quincy who said: - the word “type” doesn’t represent so much the picture of something that has to be copied, but rather the idea of an element that has to be itself usefull to define the rule of a model. The model is an object that has to be repeated how it is, on the other side, the type, is an object according to which everybody could create a work. If we analise the houses during the centuries we can easilly see, despite of the changes during the years, that all of them have preserved the feeling and the elementar principle of their main concept. Using the “type” in housing helps to define what are the pros and cons we can find in the moment we are working on different types deriving from the measurement of the facade, square meters of the flats, etc. The urban design defines measure and proportion that we find in the typology forms. These proportions derive not only from social, economic,climatic and political problem but also from technical aspects. Working with a building of 6m depth has completely different issues that working with one of 24m depth. It is really interesting to see how, 32

keeping always the same square meters and changing the building depth, a flat will have completely differents aspects to solve and workig with. The exercise that we did during Deplazes workshop works on this topic and defines a catalogue of typology in order to study and analize all the implications of depth variation in a dwelling. Instead of starting to design a building from the context the exercise starts with the design of a 100 sqm unit that works in a system that we put in a cluster or a block and later on an urban plot. The building depth I analysed with my colleague was a 12m depth. This is actually a common measure for housing typology because allows to have not so many problem in structural terms and because we can have all the spaces with natural light in a simple way. After a study of different options about this issue, we came out with a solution that derives from the fact that we wanted to reach a flexible and continuous space in a dwelling were all the rooms belong to a main one in order to have a 360° unit. The structure of the plan reminds me the palladio’s villas, in which all the rooms are distributed around a main one in the middle. The project was defined trought a series of keywords such as: Possibility, Continuity and Flexibility. Possibility because we believe that architecture should give opportunity to the users and support their needs and not obstruct them, that’s why the unit has been designed in a way that is possible living the entire space of the dwelling at the same time or splitting it with a reversible action. The master bedroom for instance becomes with a simple sliding movement part of the living, same as the bath, the single bedroom and the exterior spaces. To this process belongs also other keywords as continuity and flexibility; the dwellings as an unique and fluid space. We extend this concept to other sides of units in order to define a system, a catalogue of dwelling that works with the same systems. From the big one of 100 sqm to the small one of 30 sqm the principle of the design is the same. The combination of the different unit provides to have various configuration according to the plot sizes, dimension and characteristic of the context.In the exercise we did the proportion of the plot that allows us to work in the site with the same principles of the unit ( all the spaces around belongs to a main one in the center ) and work then with a matrix, a kind of fractal, a rough or fragment of geometry that can be subdivided in parts, each of which is (at least approximately) a smaller copy of the whole.

100

Typology, a classification of buildings and urban places charctheristic, according to their association with different categories... A tool of knowledge.

SECTION CC’ scale 1.100

SECTION BB’ scale 1.100

C’

B’

south_west

north_west

north_east

south_east

HOUSING & CONTEXT

WORKSHOP_CONTEXT

leader DIETMAR EBERLE assistant VICTOR OLMOS

HOUSING & CONTEXT Project location: Work group:

Madrid, Spain Marco Mazzotta

Duration:

5 days

The quality of the dwelling belongs to the quality of the city district in which has been designed, and on the other side the city district is the result of single elements that collaborate together generating an inseparable creation from the civic and social life in which it occurs; architecture is then collective by its nature. Many architects gave their own opinions and interpretations of what context is about and how we can interpratate and work with it. There are some quotes that I find really interesting as an answer to this question. One comes from B.Tsumi and says: - Architecture is not about the conditions of design, but about the design of conditions that will dislocate the most traditional and regressive aspects of our society and simultaneously reorganize these elements in the most liberating way, where our experience becomes the experience of events organized and strategized through architecture.R.Venturi gave another definition I agree with: -The thesis of the problem in short is that its setting gives a building expression; its context is what gives a building its meaning. And consequently change in context causes change in meaning.- No context, no meaning. If we take into account “Casa da Musica” by Rem Koolhaas the idea of context takes another direction, the way the project fits inside the city is totally in contrast with the surrondings. Koolhaas with this building gave a deeper meaning of the word “context”. Despite of the massive block, that looks like a spaceship that has landed into the city of Porto, the project brings the labyrinthine alley ways of the city inside the building, same as the brightly coloured houses facade of the downtown. When we design a building, if it is a housing or offices etc, 42

it is important to analyse the context we are working with because it will give us a lot of information related to the sizes of the building, height, materials, interaction, opportunity, proportion and connection. Context is even more, it is climate, tradition, culture, the result of the process of civilization and changes during the time made in order to improve our conditions of living. In addition, working with the context means respecting the surrounding and be part of it. Another important case is when we are working with a no context condition (whenever the landscape doesn’t give any input), a “No Meaning” situation is the aspired condition of newness, which belongs to the necessity of bringing identity to the site. In Eberle’s workshop we worked in three totally different context conditions in Madrid; the first area is in the city center, the other in the consolidated city of the 60’ and the last one is in the new expantion project in the south. The goal of the workshop was to understand the context and take the best out of it. If we consider that on five days workshop we take out one for the visit of the plots and the last one for works presentation, we manage to give answer to three different project condition in three days. A fast way of working that gives to us the capability to identify a problem and explain the solution with few elements such as models, drawing, pictures. I am going to explain two of the projects I did and in which i believe; one in the plot of Vallecas (in the extantion project of Madrid) and the other one in the city center. VALLECAS The one of Vallecas presents a really bad context condition caused by a wrong urbanization design that erases all the good qualities that we find in the other two areas of the study case. The streets are too large to favour the human interaction and the quantity of public spaces is too much to be compared to the density and the other uses. For this reasons the project designed in a plot of 120m by 120m wasn’t working in a courtyard typology as the other in the surroundings, but rather with a big platform in order to occupy all the possible spaces to raise the quantity of users. A condenser of people, a way to increase the density and give back to the surroundings a more human scale same as the one in the downtown of the medieval city. Another

VALLECAS MODEL important elements of the project was the ground floor. There is a big lack of facilities in the surroundings and thatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s why all the ground levels of the buildings around are totally closed to the city and generate a bad quality for the urban life. I decided to work in the zero level with a market place made by different stores in order to give the impression of a public space (and not of a massive building) that will allow me to create some patio that will define the access to house I placed on top. The process of the design is really easy. Two big platforms overlapped together (one for the market and the other one for the housing), in which the creation of the voids allows to improve the design of

the building in lighting and urbanistic terms by moving the extracted part in the corner in order to give a different perspective to the city and create a private path with this border. This operation allows to have between the houses a collective space for the inhabitants based on the top of the last platform, nine meters higher then the level zero to provide privacy. The closed aspect of the building made by bricks, belongs to an idea of privacy, a closure to the city for the houses and an opening for the stores. This project is a clear operation of the definition of the three different spaces that define a good housing building, private, semipublic and public. 43

“Bigness is no longer part of any urban tissue... Its subtext is fuck context”. Rem Koolhaas

market

housing

density movement

SECTION scale1:400

MADRID DOWNTOWN In this case the caratteristic of the context are totally different from the one of Vallecas. The surroundings have the typical aspect of a medieval district, a really high quality context which is difficult to improve. For this reason the project follows the same rules gave by the buildings around, in term of height, percentage of the opening (for climatic reasons), commercial activies in the ground floor level etc. It is a project that tries to find a dialog with the context through its shape and its materials. The project is made by two frames connected between them by a hinge where all the vertical distributionâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s elements are placed. In my opinion the building has to show its time in the history and to represent a picture of a certain moment., therefore the building facade is made by 48

fiberglass reinforced concrete modular panels, with a light brown color that looks like rusty, in order to remain omogeneous with the building around and to keep the continuity of the facade. Working with the border of the plot allows to create a courtyard in the middle that is designed as a semipublic space for the inhabitants. The creation of this void provides also to satisfy the necessity of light and ventilation for the dwelling so important in a climate like the one of Madrid. The parking area is placed in the basement in which trees are planted in order to create a natural covered space in the courtyard, creating a shadow in the semipublic space and some privacy from the neighbours. This is a project that tries to get the best possible input from the area in which is located and tranforms it in an additional value for the surroundings by keeping always as a main principle the respect of the context.

+ HOUSING & PLUS

WORKSHOP_PLUS

leader ANNE LACATON assistant DIEGO GARCIA SETIEN

HOUSING & PLUS Project location: Work group:

Duration:

Madrid Pramitha Bale Jesus Barranco Sanfrancisco Linda Delmedico Addler Elizalde Lozano Marco Mazzotta Ana Mediana Ana Redondo 5 days

Housing & Plus is a theme that is an aspect of the evolution of housing research and argumentation. In our culture the quality of the space is linked up to the dimensions and sizes; so according to all of this, what is bigger is better. For these reasons in the last years we find in the social housing discussions this topic called “Plus”. The research done by architects brings to identify this topic with different meanings and solutions. As definition, the word “Plus” is related to something more, being accessory,auxiliary, accessible or secondary. In other terms this word can be linked with the keywords, that we analysed before, that is “Luxury”. But what are the elements representing a “plus” in order to be defined “luxury” as well? Housing trend provides an addictional space, a space that can be considered as a space for the future, a space for the expansion that is the result of a way to design based on aggregations that can be done thanks to the achivements of the structural and constructions systems. If we take a look back to the hystory of architecture we already find some definitions and solutions in Le Corbusier work of the Inmuebles-villa of 1922. According to this project having a “villa” type in a building inside the urban pattern is a clear sample of what can be considered luxurious and what defines all this is the outdoor space that is included in the meaning of villa. So through this sample we can say that in this case the outdoor space ( that is a “plus” ) is the necessary condition that can give an added value to the dwelling in order to be considered luxurious. Luxury is not in the fact of having an outdoor space, but in the fact that this “plus” can be converted in part of the dwelling that is capable to be adapted to new changes and climatic conditions. The definition of the “plus” space in terms of dimen52

tions and form has to facilitate as much as possible the user’s needs and for reasons has to be simple. To understand solutions and definitions to this issue is better to take a look to same research done by architects in some of their buildings. In Canovas-Amann-Maruri’s project in Carabanchel ( Madrid ) completed in 2009 we find the same topic that we found in the Inmuebles-villa of Corbu. The “plus” has two different solutions according to the distribution of the dwelling inside the building. In one case it belongs to the entrance, an outdoor “extra” space to enter in the house. In the other case the “plus” is placed facing the living and the kitchen of the dwelling, becoming part and extention of the living itself. Of course we find a good sample in Lacaton&Vassal project in Mulhouse 2001-03, a plus that expands the traditional house. with an opposed architecture made of slidings and adaptations.These samples belong to a way of understanding the “plus” during the design composition process; there are other way to apply the “plus” that belongs to the architecture called “parasite”. Adding new elements to pre-existing buildings triggers new strategy of recicle or the opportunity to give an additional value and quality to a particular situ ation. This is the case of the Rucksack house of Stefan Eberstadt ( in a small scale ) and Lacaton&Vassal’s The Bois le Pretre tower in Paris ( in a bigger scale ). The exercise we made in the workshop had the aim to analyse different strategies of giving a “plus” according to different context situations. The areas for the proposals are based in Madrid and the one that our group analyzed was the Madrid Rio. This area concerns the building that faces the West8+Burgos&Garrido project of Madrid Rio’s park along the river Manzanares. This new infrastructure has completely changed the value of the surroundings and of course of the houses itself. What once was facing the M30 highway ( buried in the underground ) is now facing an amazing park. The dwellings can take advantages of this new situation with some transformations of the dwell ing itselt. This transformation will affect also the city surroundings giving to them a different aspect and more quality. Most of the dwellings facing the park don’t have an outdoor space to enjoy the view and to multiply the opportunity of living this new part of the city with a different way. Our main idea was to give new opportunity not just for the dwelling but also to the ground floor of the buildings that are right now in an hidden situation and disconnection with

ACCESS

CULTURAL

COMMERCIAL

RESIDENTIAL

B 53

Plus... ...the possibility of having something more, an extra space which belongs to your personal need.

the park. Rehabilitating the ground level will give more value and functionality to the park and of course to all the surroundings. Working with the zero level spaces that right now have an height of 3m in some point means giving more visibility to these commercial activity increasing the height and this means taking the level 1 of the building and let it become part of the 0 level in order to reach a 6 meter height in order to be visible from the park as 2 m higher than the level 0 of the building. This process will generate also a new way of living the street that will be for pedestrians and not for cars anymore. The structure of the distribution is not defined as the model proposed by the modern movement; a grid able to host different activities in time and functions. The parking and the dwelling that we are removing are going to be placed in some area that we identify in the surroundings that have a high potentiality and some of the dwellings will be placed on top of the exsisting building. The next step in order to provide â&#x20AC;&#x153;plusâ&#x20AC;? to the building was to add to the old facade a new one that

will give a different aspect of the entire building and more space to the inhabitants. We manage to define different solutions in the way we operate with the existing building. In some cases as the structure is made with pillars and beams we propose to demolish part of the facade in order to increase the dimension of the windows to have more light and view quality from the interior and make a protection in the exterior part that will allow to control the sun radiation as it is facing west that is the worst orientation for a building facade in Madrid. The other solution concerns the design of an added space, with its steel structure, that is configurated as a closed space with the capacity to be opened according to the climate conditions. The space in plan is a simple rectangle completely empty in order to let the people make out of it what ever they want, living this space as an extention of the dwelling or keep it as an outdoor space. Basically the aim is to give to the user the possibility of living better their own space and on the other side to give a feedback to the city as a win-win situation.

block type 1

block type

proposal3

proposal7

REMOVED

....................CIRCULATION CIRCULATION PEDESTRIAN STREET

STREET PARKING AREA PRIVAT STREET

......................GREEN AREA GREEN AREA MADRID RIO

PARQUE DE MANZANARES SEMI-PRIVAT GARDEN PRIVAT GARDEN

................................BANDS PE

I TR

S DE

MA RIVE DR R ID N AR CO RIO ST M E ER A R CIA PA EET LA RK RE A GRE EN A REA

SCALE 1:700

BEFORE

AFTER

HOUSING BLOCK1

original block

actual situation

erasing dwelling on the first floor

outdoor spaces

erasing old facade

block type

ACTIVITIES

moving the dwelling to the topfloor

housing spaces addition

+ new interaction

Dwelling typology before 103 sqm after 137 sqm

HOUSING & CLIMATE

SPECIALITY_ENERGY&SUSTAINABILITY

leader JAVIER GERMAN GARCIA

HOUSING & CLIMATE Project location: Work group:

Stockholm_Panama Servando Juliao Marco Mazzotta

Duration:

7 days for practice modul

Since the beginning of the human being men have adapt ed landscape to their needs. The house was a tranformation based on necessity of shelter, isolation from the exterior space in order to provide a climate that could be controlled by the man and the extention of this process in the urban core tried to extend this control to the creation of a microclimate. So when we talk about housing and cities we are talking also about climate because one is the consequence of the other. Climate in housing is related also to important elements that partecipate in the process of the construction that are materials and traditions. By analysing the urban texture of a city downtown like Madrid, for istance, we can see how the proportion that exist between the buildings and the streets is a consequences of a climatic issue. All this deals with the tradition based on the experiences of a local context. For centuries these were the basic principles to solve climatic problems and create cities. As always in the history of architecture a big change be longs to technological aspects. The capability of controlling the climate in a building with equipments and not with the basic elements that defined the architecture of the past such as orientation, materiality, ventilation etc., changed completely the way of making architecture opening million of new opportunities. If from one side installations aspects release architecture from the tradition and materiality giving new opportunity of exploring the space on the other side it was the cause of the energetic crisis and of all the blackouts (that we had and that we are having) that stuck completely the city and its system of work. Buildings are the consequence of more than the 40% of the energy con sumption and CO2 emissions. In a world where all the fos 66

sil fuels are shrinking every day more and more working with basic elements as in the past is a must. If the previous generation of architects was focused more on the tectonic of the building, the new one should be intersted in the â&#x20AC;&#x153;bioclimaticâ&#x20AC;? understanding of the design objects. Buckminster Fuller was one of the first inventors that understood the limit of the resouces of the world and of our way of living related to technology. His way of studying and understanding the natureâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s structure and efficiency gave us a lot of inputs in the way we should work with form and geometry. These and other issues were discussed during the speciality of energy&sustainability and were part of the topics to which we tried to give a statement throgh a practice modul. The experiment we did in the speciality starts with the choise of a modern movement building and transforming it according to two different climate conditions. Through this we manage to see and understand how to reach an high energy performance building where the design process belongs to climate conditions. The building we choose is the Mies Van de Rohe siedlung in Stuttgart made in 1927 and the climate environments are the city of Stockholm and Panama.

Miesâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s block

compact

STOCKHOLM The building is oriented with the long facades facing the North and the South, and the short facades, facing the East and West. All living spaces face the South in order to take some sun, because there in no sun in the North facade. The main strategy to work with this building was first to maintain the compact shape. With this the compactness helps the building temperature for the cold climate. Using different techniques as the green house helps to maintain all the heat to later be

mold

distributed among the building. The double glass facade helps to absorb the heat in winter and also in summer helps as a space that divides the living area from the sun impact. The rooftop has a slope that helps for the dreaning of snow. As we are also using the basement, the basement is a space in which activities that produce heat take place, like a bakery or a gym, so it would help the improvement of the building behavior. 67

â&#x20AC;&#x153;Sunshine is delicious, rain is refreshing, wind braces us up, snow is exhilarating; there is really no such thing as bad weather, only different kinds of good weather.â&#x20AC;? John Ruskin

1 GREENHOUSE greenhouse block are installed on the common area fo the building with the goal of using the basement as a collector of heating that will be

DOUBLE FACADE

CHIMNEY

a double facade system will provide to controll the solar radiations according to the userâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s needs and according to the thermal comfort

the uses of chimneies that goes from the basement to the roof top passing throught the dwellings its a system that provides to dissipate the heating and the cooling inside the building.

4 CROSS VENTILATION cross ventilation system will be the solution to dissipate heating during summer time.

5 ACTIVITIES using activities such as bakery or gym will incries the quantity of heating inside the building and will shrink the costs to warm up the flats. 69

summer

The thermodynamic concept of the building derives from a series of studies about the climatic characteristic and the activation of passive systems. Obviously the building behaviour is different from summer to winter. In the first case the most important elements used to protect the building from the solar radiation are the double facade system and the cross ventilation in order to provide the heating disper72

sion into the building. In winter time the building works as a compact element closed in itself although it is able to cap and other elements.The importance of having hot air blowture energy from the exterior through glass house,chimney ing into the building in this climate is really important. We reach this through two different strategies; the first one is to gain all the heat in the green house and make it go

winter

inside if the chimney and heat all the spaces. We also provide in the basement a space that collaborates with the heating process of the building through its activities. Bakery, gym (basically all that kind of activities that produce heating) are heating producer and all this energy released into the space can be distributed into the flat above. The building acts as a massive structure able to keep all the

heat inside. The north facade is made by an high inertia material in order to increase the isolation of the building. The double glass facade also helps to isolate the interior living spaces of the building from the sun radiation taking place in the exterior.

plan 1st floor

south facade 74

3 7

0 1 2

10 75

sqm

Miesâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s block

PANAMA This building is orientated with the long facades facing the North and South and the short facades facing East and West. The living rooms face the North facade. It is important that they are located where there is no sun isolation. The resting zone is in the South facade. If before we talk about making the building compact, this case is all the other way in which the building needs to be decompose in all the directions, horizontal and vertical way. This process will help to reduce the humidity pro78

protection

voids

duced by the climate. Working with 3m levels high also helps to make the humidity move around. The decomposition process as a result makes holes in the buildings volume in which all the cross ventilation and natural ventilation take place. The building also needs slabs extensions in order to protect from the sun impact. Decomposing the building in vertical way also helps the air to pass through and the rooftop detached from the last level helps to avoid the sun direct impact to the last dwelling.

3 5 4 6

1 2

1 WATER POOL

LIFT UP FROM THE GROUND

using a water pool on the north will provide to get advantages of the wind coming from the north in order to realase a cool breath during the night.

lift up the building from the ground floor will provide to have a better isolation of the entire block and will allows the wind to flow in between in order to avoid concentration of heating.

EMPTY ROOF TOP

protect the building with a terrace will avoid that the last floor of building will be in straight contact with the solar radiation.

TREES PROTECTION

WIND CATCHER

using trees on the south and the north facade will protect the building from solar radiation and will release H2O.

creating voids in bewteen the flat will provide that the void act as a catcher of wind, H2O and breeze coming from the surrounding.

6 CROSS VENTILATION cross ventilation system will be the solution to dissipate heating accumulated during the day.

If before we said that the template building must work as a compact element in this one of Panama on the otherside the building works in a more fragmented way in order to allow the air flows between the flats in and to dissipate the heating out of the building. â&#x20AC;&#x153;Fragmentationâ&#x20AC;? is so the key word of this project; a process of division in which one big block is splitted in small elements that are related all 82

together in order to optimize the energy consumption and the building behaviour. In thermodynamic terms the main concept is to avoid the storage of the heating inside the building through voids and cross ventilation as well as the decision of lift up the building from the level 0 in oder to in crease the isolation from the soil. Piercing the building in a vertical way provides that in the night the breeze released

0 1 2

by the water tank can enter inside these â&#x20AC;&#x153;chimneyâ&#x20AC;? and contribute to the cooling of the building. Horizontal voids allow to have a great ventilation in order to evaporate the humidity. In these same terms it is important to work with at least 3m height in order to let the breeze move inside the space. Using wind catcher in the North facade, in com bination of a pool or water mirror in order to make breeze

really cold and then capture it through the wind catcher and blow into the interior of the living space.

0 1 2

sqm

HOUSING & BASIC HABITABILITY

SPECIALITY_LOW COST HOUSING

leader MARIA TERESA DINIZ assistants BELEN GESTO,MARION KATSCHER

HOUSING & BASIC HABITABILITY Project location: Work group:

Guest professor: Duration:

Sao Paolo, Brazil Javier Garcia Marco Mazzotta Ana Redondo Alejandro zimet Rainer Hehl 5 days

In contemporary urban studies, the slum represents an invitation to think through both the material aspects and processes involved in contemporary urbanism and the ethical and epistemological underpinnings of urban theory today. Right from the start it was understood that all slums shared one major problem: the total absence of public services. They were probably seen as “urban ghettos.” The issue was controversial and deserves an explanation. It is true that many believed that exclusion was brought into the slums by the very people who lived there, who could not live according to the canons of a contemporary city for ethnic or cultural reasons. Others argued that slums were a temporary phenomenon, and as such did not call for improvements funded by government money. Finally, some were of the opinion that the layout of the slums

made it impossible to turn them into part of the city. But while one may say that slums are “urban ghettos,” it is also true that no slum is unique in its ethnic, religious or cultural patterns. The “low cost housing and basic habitability” workshop works with the favelas in Sao Paolo and has the aim to undestand how is the approach in the moment we are focusing on a delicated situation such as the suburbs in Brazil. The area of study is the jardin celeste area in the south part of Sao Paolo. Our project starts with a deep analysis of the area, understanding the density, accessibility, materiality of the dwellings in order to create a map of the priority that the plot has and work in a timeline project. The goal of our project is to provide to the dwelling a drain age and sewage syste, electricity, axcessibility and social spaces and facilities. First of all we did a zoom out from the area that we were analysing in order to understand the project inside the city and the urban pattern and not as a cluster. With this overview we figured out the potentiality that the river front has to be transformed as a park that will be connected with the Parque do Estado creat ing a green system in the surroundings. Afterwards we went deeply in the analysis through data and we make a map in which we put information about the geotechnical risk,infrastructures,house’s materials etc. According to this map we manage to have a number of the dwelling that has to be demolished soon ( because of geotechnical problems and bad conditions of the constructions materi-

STEP3 river front

STEP1 favelas core

STEP2 new settlement

Housing is like food, water, air... is a basic needs!

als) and other that need just an adjustment and so define a priority process. For the one that has to be demolished is necessary to relocate them in other places and guarantee a good quality of living. Working with priority means for us working with time and this is why we decide to divide the master project in different smaller ones that are part of the entire system that has the aim to open the favelas to the city and not close it to itself. The first step concerns the rehabilitation of the core of the favelas, the place where the healty conditions are in a very bad state. Through the demolition of the houses that are in a risky situation we manage to define space for social uses that are in total lack in the area and in the surroundings too. Creating this “void” provides also an easy way of planting all the infrastructure for the houses (such as sewage etc.) and through this operation we start to re-

design the facade of the building around the “void” in order to activate a natural process of improvement of their own building caused by the quality brought by the project. The second step of the project works with the new dwelling and settlement that we decided to place at the beginning part of the park because of its strategyc position in the city and for the easy axcessibility that make this spot a junction between the consolidated city and the favelas. The third step deals with the park system. Working with the river means also working with connections between the two parts divided by the water in order to produce opportunity and to transform what is used as a landfill, in something usefull for the citizens. The aim in this case of study is to provide the basic elements that mades architecture (which are totally missing in here) such as access, light, air quality and equipments.

STEP 1

STEP 2

Net useable area: 42.32 Outdoor private area: 3.58 BUILT AREA: 52 sqm

Net useable area: 33.65 Outdoor private area: 3.58 BUILT AREA: 42.38 sqm

Net useable area: 41.75 Outdoor private area: 3.25 BUILT AREA: 52 sqm

TYPOLOGIES A 2 BEDROOMS

TYPOLOGY B 1 BEDROOM

TYPOLOGY C 1 BEDROOM for limited mobility people

Net useable area: 42.32 Outdoor private area: 3.58 BUILT AREA: 52 sqm

Net useable area: 33.65 Outdoor private area: 3.58 BUILT AREA: 42.38 sqm

Net useable area: 41.75 Outdoor private area: 3.25 BUILT AREA: 52 sqm

HOUSING & URBAN DESIGN

SPECIALITY_LANDSCAPE&URBAN DESIGN

leader BERNARDO YNZENGA

MCH2012

HOUSING & URBAN DESIGN Project location: Work group: Duration:

Madrid, Spain Servando Juliao Marco Mazzotta Alejandro zimet 5 days

“Urban Design” is a polysemic term. It was often used as a synonymous of design of “urban policy” or “big architecture project” or “urban strategy” divided territorially. Although it may in part reflect some of these meanings in our sense, and in the most recent and significant experience, the Urban Project is something else. Is a tool for transforming and improving our city according to the social changes. To be bettter the city doesn’t need a good building itself, but buildings that work good together in the city and interact between them. The quality of a building belongs to what it gives to the city in terms of quality, how it fits inside the urban context and not the typology or how the houses are been designed. If we take into account the prices of a house of 60 sqm in the center of the city we can easily see that is higher then the one that is a little bit far from downtown but well connected with it, located in the outside part of the city. What are the elements that determine this price? The location, the facilities, the transportation systems, the easy way to interact with people and more. As we can see the are a lot elements that partecipate to a housing design and that will make the project richer. All this can be made with a carefull and deep study of the urban and landscape design with the housing that partecipates to all this process. Designing a street with a 12m depth doesn’t have the same meaning in relation to the urban interaction, light and shadow quality, safety of the citizens etc. The excercise done with professor Bernardo Insenga works excactly on this topic taking into account an exsisting project of the expantion of Madrid south that is right now done by the 30% (even less) and that present a lot 100

Landscape&urban design BERNARDO YNZENGA students:

The current situation of ensanche vallecas is the result of the real estate bubble in conjunction with a ground policy that incentive the sprawl of the city. Particularly in this urbanization we see a lot of land provided with all needed services but with an extremely low-density population. In this context we decided to rethink the area from a different point of view. In particular this project focuses on the possibility of reviving an area from the generation of nodes. We understand the nodes as a concentration of activities, which has a high density, there is a mix of uses and offers diversity of activities. In this way we understand nodes as the conjunction of private programs such as housing and offices, and public programs, which we will define as services and donations. For this exercise we take two nodes, which have quite different conditions. For the choice of the points we consider not only what is built, but also what is projected.

of problems caused by a bad political administration and Servando Juliao Marco Mazzotta a design that tries to impose a different urbanization that Alejandro Zimet is in total opposition with the rest of the city patterns and proportions. The current situation of Ensanche Vallecas is the result of the real estate bubble in conjunction with a ground policy that incentives the sprawl of the city. Particularly in this urbanization we see a lot of land provided with all the needed services but with an extremely low-density population. In this context we decided to rethink the area from a different point of view. In particular this project focuses on the possibility of reviving an area from the generation of nodes. VALDECARROS We understand the nodes as a concentration of activities, which has a high density, there is a mix of uses and offers diversity of activities. In this way we understand nodes as the conjunction of private programs such as housing and office, and public programs, which we will define as services and donations. For this exercise we take two nodes, which have quite dif ferent conditions. For the choice of the points we consider not only what is built, but also what is projected.

Finally, beyond these are two different realities

cases we reach a common strategy of elaboraCañaveral tion of nodes, where the program includes a wide variety of uses so as different layers which In the case of Canaveral the urbanization elements were respond to different way to live the space. In this we understood the node not only an end never defined and this would allow uswayan intervation that point, which is accessible but also, gives the could be designed in a more free way.possibility Anyway we tried of a crossing point that to can attract people that pass by. place the nodes in relationship with the existing strategies that the original plan had.

Vallecas NODE: CONCENTRATION OF ACTIVITIES+AXCESSIBILITY+D In the case of Vallecas its urbanization is not too dense because there are a lot of empty plots. This generates a enormous isolated space reforced by VALLECAS the spatiality generated by very big streets and public spaces. n the case of Vallecas, it is urbanization, which is In order to understand where the nodenotcan bebecause placed, too dense there are awe lot of empty This generates a enormous isolated space consider the main roads, the public plots. projected space re forced by the spatiality generatedas by very big and public spaces. In order to understand well as the existing metro stations in streets order tocanbring where the ode be placed,back we consider the main roads, the public projected space as well as the meaning of “node” to an interaction of flux, connecthe existing metro stations. tions and activities. Finally, beyond these two different realities cases we reach a common strategy of elaboration of nodes, where the program includes a wide variety of uses like different layers which respond to different ways to live the space.

design NGA

MCH2012

design The current situation of ensanche Landscape&urban vallecas is the result of the real estate bubble in conjunction BERNARDO YNZENGA with a ground policy that incentive the sprawl of students: the city. Particularly in this urbanization we see a Juliao lot of land provided with all needed servicesServando but with an extremely low-density population. Marco Mazzotta In this context we decided to rethink the Alejandro area Zimet from a different point of view. In particular this project focuses on the possibility of reviving an area from the generation of nodes. We understand the nodes as a concentration of activities, which has a high density, there is a mix of uses and offers diversity of activities. In this way we understand nodes as the conjunction of private programs such as housing and offices, and public programs, which we will define as ATALAUYELA services and donations. For this exercise we take two nodes, which have quite different conditions. For the choice of the points we consider not only what is built, but also what is projected.

The current situation of ensanche vallecas is the result of the real estate bubble in conjunction with a ground policy that incentive the sprawl of the city. Particularly in this urbanization we see a lot of land provided with all needed services but with an extremely low-density population. In this context we decided to rethink the area from a different point of view. In particular this project focuses on the possibility of reviving an area from the generation of nodes. We understand the nodes as a concentration of DEHESA activities, which has a high density, there is a mix of uses and offers diversity of activities. In this way we understand nodes as the conjunction of private programs such as housing and offices, and public programs, which we will define as ATALAUYELA services and donations. For this exercise we take two nodes, which have quite different conditions. For the choice of the points we consider not only what is built, but also what is projected.

DEHESA

ATALAUYELA

CANAVERALES AHIJONES BEROCALES

BEROCALES VALDECARROS

AHIJONES

VALDECARROS

VALLECAS

VALLECAS CERROS

Finally, beyond these are two different realities cases we reach a common strategy of elaboration of nodes, where the program includes a wide variety of uses so as different layers which respond to different way to live the space. In this way we understood the node not only an end point, which is accessible but also, gives the possibility of a crossing point that can attract people that pass by.

DIVERSITY+MIX TRATION OF ACTIVITIES+AXCESSIBILITY+DIVERSITY+MIX USE+DENSITY NODE: CONCENTRATION OF USE+DENSITY ACTIVITIES+AXCESSIBILITY+DIVERSITY+MIX USE+DENSITY

VALLECAS

VALLECAS CANAVERALES

CANAVERALES

n the case of Vallecas, it is urbanization, which is not too dense because there are a lot of empty plots. This generates a enormous isolated space re forced by the spatiality generated by very big streets and public spaces. In order to understand where the ode can be placed, we consider the main roads, the public projected space as well as the existing metro stations.

n the case of Vallecas, itInis the urbanization, case of Canaveral which is the urbanization was not too dense because never there built, are abeing lot ofthere empty only done the first moves plots. This generates a enormous of land, thisisolated would space allow us an intervention that re forced by the spatiality could generated be designed by veryinbig a more free. Anyhow we streets and public spaces. tried In order to placed to understand the nodes in relationship with the where the ode can be existing placed, strategies we consider thatthe the original plan had. main roads, the public projected space as well as the existing metro stations.

In the case of Canaveral the urbanization was never built, being there only done the first moves of land, this would allow us an intervention that could be designed in a more free. Anyhow we tried to placed the nodes in relationship with the existing strategies that the original plan had.

VALLECAS

CANAVERAL

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â&#x20AC;&#x153;The city, as human thing, is made by its architecture and by all those works that built the real way of nature transformationâ&#x20AC;?. Aldo Rossi

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In this way we understood the node not only as an end point, which is accessible, but also gives the possibility of a crossing point that can attract people that pass by. CANAVERAL STRATEGY The strategy is very simple and derives from the existing condition of the context in order to trasform a weak situation in a strenght one. 1st step: connection The definition of the main stripes derives from the idea of connecting the nodes with green park close to the M45. The green stripes is the middle derives from the continuity of the link that connects the park and the nodesâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s plot. 2nd step: stripes_axcessibility A mesh of parallel lines provides axcessibility of the area from the surroundings and creates a grid were activities

could happen. 3rd step: programm ( main+flexible ) MAIN. The individuation of fixed point generates interaction with the surroundings and gives opportunity for the definition of the green path in between. Kindergarden, sport center, library are concentrated on one side of the plot creating a continuity of activities while housing programm will increase the density in the surroundings. FLEXIBLEE. The flexibility of the stripes gives the opportunity that things can happen in the space according to the needs of the citizen. Little pavillion can be moved in a free way on the grid generating every time different quality of spaces according to the activities that will be performed. The overlapping of these steps provide a situation of inter action between different elements. All the single elements of the project partecipate to the idea of identity of the indi viduality in order to change the rigidity of the previous plan where all the plots are repeted with the same logic.

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MCH2012 MASTER in COLLECTIVE HOUSING Masterâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Degree in Collective housing Universidad Politecnica de Madrid

MARCO MAZZOTTA