MARGAUX YOUNG GSAPP Masters of Architecture 2014
Table of contents Food research institute water cell GATHERING RECOLLECTION Maximized Minimum LIGHT & AIR LOFT SYMBIOCITY POROUS CITY
RAIN HARVESTING CELL
New York City has a great potential in the amount of rainfall received throughout the year. If the city were to harvest, filter and reuse this rainfall, the problem of sewage overflow could be eliminated. The 125th Street subway station cell illuminates this potential through harvesting, filtering, and distributing the rainfall that the station receives. The cell provides enough water to serve each passenger with 500 ml of drinking water per day and is powered by harnessing the wind energy of the passing subway cars.
longitudinal section
site plan
(top) The daily rainfall for New York City in 2010 is mapped in bars and overlaid with the amount of rain the system would need to hold in order to store all of the collected rain. (bottom) Train frequency for a typical week day and a recording of the wind velocities generated by north and south bound trains between 8AM and 9 AM at the 125th Street station. This data shows the additional wind generated from the passing trains that can be used to power the rain cell.
ENERGY SYSTEM The water cell is powered by wind turbines located in either end of the cell. The wind and, more frequently, passing trains spin the turbines, generating energy to power the UV light filters, the water pump at the station level, computers, and all other necessary equipment within the cell.
FILTRATION SYSTEM The roof of the water cell is a tensed membrane stretched the length of the platform roofs, connecting the two and creating a canopy over the once open platform. Water flows into the center of the cell, past a screen filter to remove debris and sediment. The water then flows through a KDF/GAC (Kinetic Degradation Fluxion / Granular activated carbon) filters which remove metals and particles as small as 1 micron. Next the water passes UV light which disinfects the water, after which the water enters the storage tank. There is a water collector at each transition point such that it may be tested before or after any stage.
DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM The structure of the elevated tracks serves as structure to hold the transparent water tanks. Here the water is stored. There are two points of distribution, one within the station and another at street level. Residents and subway riders need only to look to the tanks to see if there is clean available water to take.
cross section at track level
CONCLUSION Harvesting rain water can provide water for reuse and drinking. This water cell would provide its 6,000 daily subway riders with 500ml of water. However, on a larger scale, if New York collected and reused its rainwater, we would not need to be dependant on aging reservoirs and the city’s problem of sewage overflow would be a thing of the past.
FOOD RESEARCH INSTITUTE Columbia University’s Food Research Institute is just one of the many programs moving into the new Morningside Campus. The Lab negotiates this new location by bringing the private Columbia community into dialogue with the greater public Morningside Heights community, serving to educate the public as to the production and consumption of food, while simultaneously operating as a food and water research institute. The lab filters the occupants into separate streams of private Columbia circulation and public community circulation. In a similar manner, the building collects and filters rain water and its own grey water for building and hydroponic use.
Detail of vertical hydroponic farm Rain water collected from the roof is filtered and infused with nutrients and minerals vital to plant growth. The water is introduced at the highest point of the vertical farm and flows, with the help of gravity, through the system. At the base, the water is pumped back to the top and the cycle repeats.
Cross section through the research institute
GROUND FLOOR PLAN (+42’) The ground floor of the Food Research Institute is in actuality 42 feet above the exterior sidewalk. This large open public space hosts a cafe, teaching kitchen, and exhibition spaces to educate visitors as to the research occurring in the building. This floor is accessed principally through the seed gallery, a 200 foot long, ramped passageway exhibiting the seeds and growth habits of the plant species grown in the building. The gallery commences at ground level, pulling the public through to the opposing corner of the site, above the train tracks to an unobstructed view of the Hudson river and into the building’s public center.
6TH FLOOR PLAN (+120’) The 6th floor, and top floor, best illustrates the major systems within the building. The roof is slanted to form a funnel for rain water collection. The water then cascades through a cavity wall that divides the research laboratories and Columbia University classrooms from the hydroponic farm and public spaces. At each floor, the water passes another level of filtration particular to that level of research. The vertical farm is fed by the water removed at the top levels of the building. As this water needs only basic levels of filtration but more nutrient addition. The farm curves upward and back towards the water wall such that the two meet at the top levels and these top floors may access the farm for maintenance and harvesting. The curve of the vertical farm allows for maximum sun exposure but is also lit with LED lights when sun exposure is lacking.
GATHERING RECOLLECTION The flagship memory bank is a juxtaposition of open, public gathering spaces and gathered private, and semi-private areas for encoding, recall, and recovery. As users move from the exterior to the interior, the encoding and recall areas shift focus from brief superficial memories to complex, internal memories. These recollections are stored digitally in a server mass that both structures and choreographs program. Memories expand past the barriers of one’s own mind to form new digital proximities.
GROUND FLOOR PLAN The ground floor of the memory bank is a large open space for gathering. Open entering, visitors are faced with the server mass, the physical and symbolic container for the memories stored within the bank. Visitors may travel downstairs to check-in prior to utilizing the encoding or recollection facilities, or remain in the gathering space awaiting others.
2ND FLOOR PLAN The encoding and recollection facilities are organized hierarchically by floor, based on the complexity of the memories addressed. The second floor services memory most external to the individual. These are factual memories such as remembering dates, names, and general facts. A person may utilize this floor after a networking event to upload memories of the names, faces, and basic facts of some of the people they met. Encoding and recall spaces resemble booths, as the process is a surface based process with little to no recovery time.
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The upper floors deal with increasingly more complex memory encoding and recall services. The fourth floor is dedicated to autobiographical memory encoding and recall. Isolated tensile chambers provide private spaces inside for full mind and body immersion. Outside, the gathered chambers create a forest like space where visitors may take their time reintegrating themselves with the present.
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MAXIMIZING MINIMUM Max/Min critiques Bloomberg’s micro-unit for the redundancies that are generated in the repetition of space and isolation of its occupants, as well as in its lack of long-term vision for how the spaces can adapt to fit the needs of future residents. The limitations of this design are combatted by redefining the unit as being only what is primary to the occupant, and reallocating spaces that can be shared amongst multiple residents. The redefinition of a single unit allows the space to be defined by the resident. Thus, as the resident changes over time, the unit has the ability to shift and age with them. These areas of temporal transition are emphasized in the overlap of unit clusters and occupant groups, aiding in the life-cycle shift of the building as well as the residents. In collaboration with Anna Vander Zwaag
Flexibility of “unit� designation individual individual
couple couple
single parent
small family
single mom
small family
large family large family
The apartments are organized such the unit is defined by what is primary to the occupant. Here that space is depicted as the lightest space. The common space shared amongst connected units are depicted in light grey, and the dark grey space is that which belongs to other occupants. In this way, the unit can transition from a one bedroom with connecting common space, to a two bedroom unit with private bathroom, to a fully private three bedroom unit for a multigenerational family as the occupants grow and change.
typical two bedroom
two bedroom elderly apartment
three bedroom triplex
Cluster organization
5th floor
4th floor
Units are arranged interlocking in 5 story clusters with a 50’ x 50’ courtyard in the center. Occupants may enter into the courtyard from hallways at ground level which contain mailboxes for the units and stair cores with access into the units above. There are two aging adult clusters at the south east end of the building with ramps within the courtyard for wheelchair access into the upper units. Each cluster serves as a type of neighborhood within the larger structure.
3rd floor
Overlapped aging adult unit As the clusters aggregate on the site, they converge to form larger irregular apartments which serve as links between clusters and share two neighborhoods.
2nd floor
1st floor
Site approach The triangular site is bordered to the south by a sanitation garage, to the west by the Metro North elevated train tracks and to the north east by the Harlem River and Harlem River Drive. In order to buffer against the harsher conditions to the south and west, the building mass is designed as a wedge with the west edge built up the highest and the south east edge pulled to ground level. This shape opens views to the river and city, allows pedestrian access onto a landscaped roof which connects to the Harlem River Park to the south east, and elevates the residents above the harsher conditions on the south and west edges of the site.
Program strategy Public program is primarily inserted below the residences. These programs aid in elevating the western resident clusters above the train tracks, while providing a slope to the landscaped roof above. The primary public programs are then accessible from the street, while private resident programs are sandwiched between residence clusters.
neighborhood 1
neighborhood 2
neighborhood 3
neighborhood 4
neighborhood 5
neighborhood 6
neighborhood 7
fitness center
medical center
bike storage
senior community center resident parking
visitor parking
daycare
parking entrance zipcar
business center
cafe
C
B A
Section a
Section b
Section c
Ground plan The main residential entrance is at the south east corner of the site. There are two entrances on 131st street into the community and aging adult centers. There is a one pedestrian entrance on Park Avenue that accesses the adult aging center, the community center and day-care, and in to residences through a keyed entry. There is pedestrian access on to the landscaped roof from the south east corner of the building.
Constructed ground plan As the housing clusters stack and shift above the public zones, a series of ramps and stairs allow for continuous residential access through these residential zones of the complex. The above plan show the continuous “constructed� ground of the housing clusters.
Third floor plan Storage spaces are moved outside of the apartments to create a slightly porous barrier wall to protect against the elevated train and the sanitation garage. Each unit is allocated storage space based on the size and number of occupants.
Roof plan The roof is landscaped to serve as a shared green space between residents and the public. The south east corner slopes down to allow for street access while connecting back to the Harlem River Park to the south east.
LIGHT & AIR LOFT
The Light & Air Loft is an industrial artist loft in The Bronx in New York. The loft, designed with a variety of tenants in mind, features flexible spaces for rent that may be tailored to the tenants own light, air, and spatial requirements. The loft celebrates itself and its tenants through materiality and varying levels of transparency. In collaboration with Rong Zhou, Hajeong Lim, and Anna Vander Zwaag
East elevation
27'-0" A 4'-0"
36'-0" B
24'-0"
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C 12'-0"
D 24'-0"
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123'-6" 1 Roof R
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95'-6" 7th Floor
95'-6" 9 7th Floo7
72'-0" 6th Floor
95'-6" 7th Floo 72'-0" 7 6th Floo6
58'-6" 5th Floor
72'-0" 6th Floo 58'-6" 5 5th Floo5
45'-0" 4th Floor
58'-6" 5th Floo 45'-0" 4 4th Floo4
31'-6" 3rd Floor
45'-0" 4th Floo 31'-6" 3 3rd Floo3
18'-0" 2nd Floor
31'-6" 3rd Floo 18'-0" 1 2nd Floo2
18'-0" 2nd Floo 0'-0"
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1st Floor
1st Floor1
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STRUCTURE The structure and materiality of the building are deliberately expressed throughout. Six foot deep trusses hang the glass block facade and are left exposed as the ceiling of the double-height top floor. These trusses allow the top floor to remain largely column free in order to house events and large installation pieces. The columns throughout the building are round hollow steel sections filled with fiber reinforced concrete which serve to fireproof the columns from the inside out, so that the steel may remain exposed.
Glass block facade The south facade is comprised of an interior unitized curtain wall system, and an exterior panalized glass block system. This double skin facade capitalizes on the southern light quality while controlling for solar heat gain. The glass blocks distort and display the structure and interior program to the exterior.
Glass block facade The massive, continuous glass block facade is comprised of 4’-6” x 13’ panels of 18” square glass blocks. The panels are assembled from the top of the building down, and are hung from the truss system at the roof. Each subsequent row of panels connect to the row above it and is laterally anchored back to each floor. The inner curtain wall facade is outfitted with horizontal louvers to provide shading from direct solar gain. The two facade systems are linked by a catwalk which provides access for cleaning and maintenance of the exterior facade.
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Bi-folding door facade
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The remaining three facades are made up of large tilt-turn windows that allow for studio spaces to open to the exterior, sheathed with a Bifolding wood panel door system that gives tenants control over the light allowed into their studio and gallery spaces. The 2’-3” wooden doors span 13’-6” floor to floor to create a continuous panalized facade, but as the doors are opened, they generate a variable and continually shifting facade.
9'-0"
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2'-0" 36'-0"
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6'-0"
123'-6" Roof
95'-6" 7th Floor
72'-0" 6th Floor
58'-6" 5th Floor
45'-0" 4th Floor
31'-6" 3rd Floor
18'-0" 2nd Floor
0'-0" 1st Floor
W 14 X 68 W 8 X 21 W 14 X 68
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70'-0"
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BF W 8 X 21 W 14 X 68 W 8 X 21 W 14 X 68 W 8 X 21 W 14 W X8 X6821
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Truss
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Truss
MD
slab on
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5’10” Deep Truss
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slab on
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5’10” Deep Truss
5’10” Deep Truss
slab on MD
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slab on
5’10” Deep Truss slab on MD
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5’10” Deep Truss
MD
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5’10” Deep Truss
slab on MD
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5’10” Deep Truss
A
on metal deck
36'-0" 36'-0" 36'-0"
5 4 3 2 1
27'-0" 36'-0" 6'-0"
concrete
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6'-0" 36'-0" 27'-0" 36'-0" 36'-0"
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36'-0" 27'-0" 36'-0" 36'-0" 36'-0" 36'-0" 27'-0" 36'-0"
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36'-0" 27'-0" 36'-0" 36'-0" 36'-0" 36'-0" 27'-0" 36'-0"
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282'-0"
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roof framing plan
282'-0"
282'-0"
typical framing plan
282'-0"
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foundation plan
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282'-0" 6'-0"
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BALCONY
24'-0"
D
STORAGE
70'-0"
12'-0"
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B
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STORAGE
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EVENT SPACE A
B
top floor plan 1
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BAY PLAN B
D
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STUDIO 1
STUDIO 2
STUDIO 3
STUDIO 4
STUDIO 8
STUDIO 9
STUDIO 5
STUDIO 6
STORAGE
6'-1 3/4"
12'-0"
70'-0"
C
B
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STORAGE
STUDIO 10
STUDIO 11
STUDIO 12 A
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STUDIO 7 A
BAY PLAN A
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typical floor plan
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MECHANICAL ROOM
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ground floor plan
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ROOFTOP AIR HANDLING UNIT
EXHAUST FAN
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TEMPERED OUTSIDE AIR SUPPLY CHILLED WATER SUPPLY CHILLED WATER RETURN HEATED WATER SUPPLY HEATED WATER RETURN SPRINKLER
123'-6" Roof
27'-0"
RETURN AIR (ROOM TEMPERATURE)
6'-0"
TEMPERED OUTSIDE AIR SUPPLY CHILLED WATER SUPPLY CHILLED WATER RETURN HEATED WATER SUPPLY HEATED WATER RETURN SPRINKLER
RETURN AIR (ROOM TEMPERATURE)
TEMPERED OUTSIDE AIR SUPPLY CHILLED WATER SUPPLY CHILLED WATER RETURN HEATED WATER SUPPLY HEATED WATER RETURN SPRINKLER
RETURN AIR (ROOM TEMPERATURE)
TEMPERED OUTSIDE AIR SUPPLY CHILLED WATER SUPPLY CHILLED WATER RETURN HEATED WATER SUPPLY HEATED WATER RETURN SPRINKLER
RETURN AIR (ROOM TEMPERATURE)
TEMPERED OUTSIDE AIR SUPPLY CHILLED WATER SUPPLY CHILLED WATER RETURN HEATED WATER SUPPLY HEATED WATER RETURN
13'-6"
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112'-6"
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RETURN AIR (ROOM TEMPERATURE)
95'-6" 7th Floor
72'-0" 6th Floor
58'-6" 5th Floor
45'-0" 4th Floor
SPRINKLER
13'-6"
RETURN AIR (ROOM TEMPERATURE)
TEMPERED OUTSIDE AIR SUPPLY CHILLED WATER SUPPLY CHILLED WATER RETURN HEATED WATER SUPPLY HEATED WATER RETURN
31'-6" 3rd Floor
SPRINKLER
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RETURN AIR (ROOM TEMPERATURE)
TEMPERED OUTSIDE AIR SUPPLY CHILLED WATER SUPPLY CHILLED WATER RETURN HEATED WATER SUPPLY HEATED WATER RETURN
18'-0" 2nd Floor
SPRINKLER CHILLER
BOILER
0'-0" 1st Floor
Mechanical systems The studio spaces are heated and cooled by active chilled beams. The return air from this system is then exhausted through the cavity between the glass block and glazed curtain facade. The active beams, lighting, sprinklers, and return air intakes all sit within the structural beam depth creating a tight slab which integrates all of the systems into one condensed space. This system gives the tenant control over the light and air exposure in their studio space, allowing them to tune their space to their specific needs. The structural and mechanical systems work together to allow for a space that is adaptable to the desires of the changing tenants.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
282'-0" 36'-0"
27'-0"
36'-0"
36'-0"
36'-0"
36'-0"
27'-0"
36'-0"
6'-0"
6'-0"
6'-0"
N1
D
N2
24'-0"
W1
N4
NW3
NW4
N5
N6
N7
NE1
NE2
E1
NW2
NW1
N3
70'-0"
12'-0"
C
24'-0"
C2
SW1
SW2
SW3
SE1
SE2
S1
S2
S3
S4
S5
E2 SE3 S6
S7
4'-0"
A
C1
W2
B
Typical Zoning plan 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
282'-0" 36'-0"
27'-0"
36'-0"
36'-0"
36'-0"
36'-0"
27'-0"
36'-0"
6'-0"
6'-0"
6'-0"
24'-0"
D
70'-0"
12'-0"
C
24'-0"
B
4'-0"
A
Typical Reflected Ceiling plan
1
2
3
4
5
6
8
7
9
282'-0" 36'-0"
27'-0"
36'-0"
36'-0"
36'-0"
36'-0"
27'-0"
36'-0"
6'-0"
6'-0"
6'-0"
24'-0"
D
70'-0"
12'-0"
C
A
4'-0"
24'-0"
B
Typical Duct work plan
SYMBIO CITY
SymbioCity is a user defined system that recognizes the often forgotten space of the exterior envelope. The envelope addition reclaims this vertical square footage for the adjacent tenant with the goal of creating a symbiotic relationship between tenant and envelope. SymbioCity recognizes and responds to the light, air, and comfort needs of the interior tenant, while simultaneously creating a generative space that can produce resources, both physical and monetary, for the tenant.
UNIT INSTALLATION Individual facade units are constructed of a structural unit and a planter unit. The planter unit is defined by the needs of the tenant on the inside. The structural unit is installed first and then depending on the tenant’s need’s for insulation, shade, or growing area, the specific planter unit is installed next. The planter units are all installed against the original facade by default, allowing for public access to the SymbioCity envelope. Tenants may pay more rent to have their planters offset and a private exterior space, or are granted this if portions of their interior square footage are appropriated by the building, for such things as larger hallways for atrium/light well spaces.
SHADE
SHADE
SHADE
SHADE
GROW
GROW
INSULATE
STRUCTURE
INSULATE
STRUCTURE
SHADE SHADE SHADE
GROW
INSULATE
STRUCTURE
STRUCTURE
INSULATE INSULATE INSULATE
INSULATE
STRUCTURE STRUCTURE STRUCTURE
GROW GROW GROW
GROW
PROGRAM GRID Global installation is prefaced by the deployment of a program grid. The grid places program based on specific needs and assumptions of the industry city tenants.
STRUCTURAL GRID The structural grid is deployed second and reacts to user defined circulation and ventilation path ways. Structural units are installed following the structural grid.
PLANTER INSTALLATION Finally the planter units are installed. Each bay first reads the color of the point in the program grid closest to itself and then installs the corresponding planter unit.
VENTILATION PATH
PROGRAM GRID
RETAIL COMMERICAL
INDUSTRY CITY
DISTRIBUTION/STORAGE
PUBLIC PATH
STRUCTURAL GRID
GROW SHADE INSULATE STRUCTURE
USER-DEFINED ENVELOPE SymbioCity was designed with Industry City, an industrial complex in the neighborhood of Sunset Park in Brooklyn, NY, in mine, but the system is also designed with flexibility in mind and could be deployed on a wide variety of buildings and urban structures. Industry City was used as the test case because of its wide variety of tenants. The complex houses many companies in food services who would benefit greatly from having growing space in direct proximity to their kitchens, but that is only a handful of the tenants that occupy the complex. With this is mind, SymbioCity has a built in trade feature as well. The system maps the potential for square footage trade between tenants. A kitchen may rent the facade space of an office or trade the office some of their unused storage space for control over the growing potential of their envelope. SymbioCity then records the trade potential and revenue increase for the building from its own installment.
tenant
envelope
SYMBIOSIS BETWEEN TENANT AND ENVELOPE
4 BASE POINTS
4 OFFSET POINTS
PROGRAM POINT
STRUCTURE INSULATE
SHADE
GROW
E
FIC
OF
N
TIO IL A
T EN
V
G
T
TIS
IN
UR
T AC UF
AR
AN
M
E AG
S
L CO
R PA
TA DA
SE
TIS
ON
E RI
GE RA
O ST
PU
BL
IC
L
I TA
AC CE
SS
RE
OR ST
D
N
IO
UT
IB
R IST
POROUS CITY
PorousCity seeks to challenge notions of boundary created by conventional modern and industrial urbanism. By closing itself off from both the community and natural resources available to it, Industry City’s rigid boundaries have created an isolated and sterile site. PorousCity breaks these boundaries, softening the site in varying ways and amounts, in order to collect sunlight, rainwater, and air, to blur its structural and spatial limits, create new circulatory connections, and to replace the existing expansive hard scape with soft landscape. The results are new public spaces, improved quality of existing private spaces, and reduced demand on city infrastructure. These operations create new challenges, and hint at a new model of urbanism that simultaneously demands privacy and connectivity, density and openness, and sensitivity toward the paradoxes and environmental difficulties that these demands may create. In collaboration with Rong Zhou, Heeyun Kim, and Marc Mascarello
AFTER
BEFORE
SITE ANALYSIS: Existing Site Condition A,B
C
A) Lack of daylight
B) Water overflow + Storm surge
C) Disconnected buildings
SITE ANALYSIS: Proposed Site Condition A,B
C
A) Increase daylight entrance
Wetland Wave break B) Decrease speed of water flow
C) Connecting buildings
Strategy In order to open Industry City to natural resources and community access, three types of porosity were identified: Public porosity, wind porosity, light and rain porosity. These access pathways were designed and then varied and altered as a result of the following phases. Once these pathways had been defined, building elements were applied across the building at varying scales to harness these resources. A green facade generates physical and monetary resources for the tenants and building complex, a rain canopy collects rain water for use throughout the building and captures solar energy on sunny days, light wells pull sun light deep into darker areas of the complex, and new connectors create connections between buildings and redefine the ground scape at the building level, while generating a wetland and wave breaks at the landscape scale.
public access
Vertical Light Access
Horizontal Ventilation Access
DRIVERS
INPUTS
DESIGN INPUTS
OUTPUTS
% AIR FLOW
WIND
WIND POROSITY
% LIGHT
RANGE 0-100%
RAIN
WATER POROSITY
GREEN FACADE
ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS
RANGE 0-100%
CANOPY
SUN PATH
LIGHT POROSITY RANGE 0-100%
COMMUNITY BENEFITS DIVA ANALYSIS
GROUND POROSITY
SOFT
RANGE RANGE 0-100% 0-100%
PUBLIC
PUBLIC POROSITY
LIGHTWELLS
REAL ESTATE BENEFITS
CONNECTOR
LBS
% ANNUAL ENERGY SAVE
%
RETAIL
#
# PUBLIC PROGRAM INCREASE
# PR
# PUBLIC PATH
FT
GENERATED REVENUE
$
VOLUME OF MATERIAL
PorousWall
CONNECTOR
CANOPY
%
(NEW LUX - OLD LUX)/ OLD LUX
PRODUCE GROWTH
AREA
RANGE RANGE 0-100% 0-100%
GREEN FACADE
%
HEAT TRANSFER x VELOCITY
FACADE GRID
FL SF
LENGTH X WIDTH
CU FT
FACADE GRID
Phase 1 takes the current condition of Industry City into account. In this iteration of the building strategy, the occupancy of the building is 70%, there is one public access point from the eastern entrance of the building through to the courtyard, two ventilation pathways serve to naturally ventilate the buildings, and softening of the landscape has commenced.
Phase 2 assumed an increase in occupancy following the Phase 1 changes. The building is now at 90% occupancy, and the wetland and park landscape has grown.
Phase 3 immediately follows Phase 2 to implement further changes in response to the growing population of Industry City. Now that nearly 100% of the facade has been rented, more light wells are added to bring in daylight to darker areas of the building. Two additional ventilation pathways have also been added to increase the exchange of air throughout the building.
Phase 4 addresses the increasing frequency of storms in the New York area. The wetland system pulls closer to the building so that untreated water doesn’t risk flowing back to the river too soon, and more wave breaks have been added to further protect Industry City from storm surge. Two public access paths are added flowing through each arm of the building and connectors connect these public paths with ventilation paths creating a fully public and primarily retail building.
Phase 5 combines ventilation and light paths to create a new urban context for Industry City. The mega block that had existed previously, has been severed to generate a neighborhood context. Street and public access has grown and light and air now flow freely through the buildings.
PHASE
PHASE
PHASE
PHASE
PHASE
1 2 3 4 5
10%
Horizontal Porosity
10%
Verical Porosity
70% Occupancy
% ANNUAL ENERGY SAVE
42
%
68 %
17%
Cooling
10%
Heat
Revenue Generated
59,0
11,053 SF Area Removed
64,000 LBS
118,170 SF
Produce Growth
Rentable Facade
Horizontal Porosity
10%
Verical Porosity
90% Occupancy
% ANNUAL ENERGY SAVE
61
98 % Cooling
% 24% Heat
30%
Revenue Generated
84,0
11,053 SF Area Removed
91,000 LBS
162,000 SF
Produce Growth
Rentable Facade
Horizontal Porosity
50%
Verical Porosity
100% Occupancy
% ANNUAL ENERGY SAVE
98 % Cooling
62
% 27%
40% Heat
90,000 LBS
Horizontal Porosity Produce Growth
Revenue Generated
80,0
40,000 SF Area Removed
38,070 SF Rentable Facade
60%
Verical Porosity
100% Occupancy
% ANNUAL ENERGY SAVE
62
%
Revenue Generated
80,0
98 %
27%
38,000 SF
Cooling
Heat
Area Removed
60%
91,000 LBS
160,000 SF
Produce Growth
Rentable Facade
Horizontal Porosity
80%
Verical Porosity
100% Occupancy
% ANNUAL ENERGY SAVE
98 % Cooling
49
%
Revenue Generated
30,0
0%
96,000 SF
Heat
Area Removed
10,000 LBS
8,000 SF
Phase 1 In Phase 1 we see an increase in both light and air and general energy savings as a result of the envelope reducing direct solar gain as well as insulting lower areas. Light wells have increased day lighting in spaces, and ventilation pathways have reduced summer cooling loads. The envelope addition is also generating revenue for the building and tenants. The rain/solar canopy is collecting a third of the buildings required water and all of the building’s grey water is being cleaned by the wetland before flowing back into the river. The rain/solar canopy has also created new public spaces in the courtyard and on the roof, but public programs have not yet grown to support these areas.
% ANNUAL ENERGY SAVE
42
%
Revenue Generated
59,000.00 $
68 %
17%
11,053 SF
10,774 FT3
Cooling
Heat
Area Removed
Volume Removed
64,000 LBS
118,170 SF
5387 SF
Produce Growth
Rentable Facade
Occupiable Facade
% PUBLIC PROGRAMS
2 # of Public Path
10
% 4
Retail Programs
Southern facade - Phase 2
Inter-building public space - phase 2
Phase 3 Skipping over Phase 2 and going straight to Phase 3, we now see an increase in both occupied envelope as well as light wells. As the envelope reduces the amount of light allowed in the summer months, the light wells come into compensate for these darker areas. The building is now operating at 100% occupancy and is gaining $80,000 /month in revenue from renting envelope space to tenants. At the facade is now largely covered and light wells and ventilation pathways have increased, the building has reduced its energy costs by 62%.
% ANNUAL ENERGY SAVE
62
%
Revenue Generated
80,000.00 $
98 %
27%
40,000 SF
51,000 FT3
Cooling
Heat
Area Removed
Volume Removed
90,000 LBS
38,070 SF
38,100 SF
Produce Growth
Rentable Facade
Occupiable Facade
% PUBLIC PROGRAMS
6 # of Public Path
30
% 12
Retail Programs
Phase 4 In Phase 4, large storms have become more frequent in the New York area. In response to this, the ground plane of the public courtyard has risen to maintain a dry space even during times of flooding. In combination with added public circulation corridors in either arm of the building, these new connections generate a highly public and primarily retail center. Visitors can access multiple floors from the central courtyard space and the building has attracted a large amount of retail tenants.
% ANNUAL ENERGY SAVE
62
%
Revenue Generated
80,000.00 $
98 %
27%
38,000 SF
50,000 FT3
Cooling
Heat
Area Removed
Volume Removed
91,000 LBS
160,000 SF
38,000 SF
Produce Growth
Rentable Facade
Occupiable Facade
% PUBLIC PROGRAMS
6 # of Public Path
30
% 12
Retail Programs
Light wells - phase 3
Ground level where light well meets public access path - phase 4