Laura Murray | Margot Shafran Case Study Comparative Analysis Arch 523D ¡ History of architecture in South America: a Corbusian perspective
WUSTL Sam Fox School of Design & Visual Arts Buenos Aires International Program | Fall 2015
casa de renta |
Scalabrini Ortiz 2910, C. A. de Buenos Aires Jorge SabatĂŠ
1940
Edificio Los Eucaliptos | Virrey del Pino 2446, C. A. de Buenos Aires Juan Kurchan, Jorge Ferrrari Hardoy
1943
casa de renta |
Scalabrini Ortiz 2910, C. A. de Buenos Aires Jorge SabatĂŠ
1940
Edificio Los Eucaliptos | Virrey del Pino 2446, C. A. de Buenos Aires Juan Kurchan, Jorge Ferrrari Hardoy
1943
Site: trapezoidal plot within the middle of the block on a street of Palermo. Program: Rental Housing Building with 19 units (basement garage and laundry services) Typical plan: 4 units on each floor with the main living spaces oriented to the street/back garden and the services towards the two auxiliary side patio (ventilation shaft) Exterior: Le Corbusien inspired composition of the facades, with longitudinal openings as a “run window� and an asymmetric (solid|void), independent reinforced concrete structure.
Site: trapezoidal plot within the middle of the block on a street in Belgrano Program: Rental Housing Building with 29 units (communal facilities at ground level externally accessible) Typical plan: 4 units on each floor (with exception of lofted 2-bedroom unit which is repeated every other floor) variation in unit size and type. Main living spaces oriented to the street and services towards back of the plot (ventilation shaft) Exterior: Primarily Rectilinear facade made out of reinforced concrete with unexpected elements (curves, trees) as part of overall composition. Other materials include coloured tiles, and wood louvers that help to emphasize the qualities of void and solid.
| introduction
Jorge Sabaté _(left) Structure for the First Book Fair April 1943 _(centre)Book written by Sabate to document the architecture of Eva and Juan Peron on Social Architecture _(right) Eva Perón Amphitheater en Parque Centenario. Buenos Aires, 1950-1953. Demolished after the 1955 Coup (Jorge Sabaté y Dir. de Arquitectura de la Municipalidad de Bs. Plastic use of concrete for 3D shapes
Juan Kurchan, Jorge Ferrrari Hardoy _(left) Le Corusier’s proposal for New York City _(center) Le Corbusier’s Plan for Buenos Aires (Hardoy + Kurchan) _(right)BFK/Butterfly Chair 1938 (wire-frame)
| Architect Backgrounds
Typical Block Structure, Buenos Aires
proposed block structure
| urban structure
Existing Block 1943
Ideal Block
current block
| BLOCK
RATIONALISM Measured proportions (especially articulated on elevation Harmony between Solid and Void. Absence of Ornamentation or Texture Monochromatic (white) Facade
SAnchez, lagos, torre apartment house, 1936
modernism Measured proportions (especially articulated in plan and elevation) Harmony between Solid and Void. Absence of Ornamentation or Texture Use of strategic colour Agenda towards Social Welfare and Improved Quality of Life
Unite d’habitation, Le Corbusier, France
| architectural context
“In spite of its apparent vitality, this architecture exhausted itself by the end of the decade. It became isolated from sources of power and popular sensibility. As it was also weakened by the lack of any ideological content that could counterbalance a driving professionalism on the part of its protagonists, it would drift into empty state monumenta1ism and populist anonymity.” Katzenstein, ‘Argentine Architecture in the 1930s’ p.74-75]
SAnchez, lagos, torre apartment house, 1936
“Renewed interest in the identity of architecture and in the less rational aspects of creation; but their focus was on the broader subjects of mass housing and town planning, topics that differentiated them from the previous generations.” Katzenstein, ‘Argentine Architecture in the 1930s’ p.75]
Unite d’habitation, Le Corbusier, Marseille France (1952)
| architectural context
| Urban context
CAsa de Renta A new typology of building required to meet the demand for adequate housing for growing upper middle class. Conversion from renting rooms to renting whole living Precursor to the Rental Building Typology Casa Chorizo (typical plan, left)and tenement housing
SAnchez, lagos, torre apartment house, 1936
Social Housing Incorporates communal amenities into building footprint to be shared by all residents. Focus towards most efficient use of space Utilizes strategic site orientation and placement to increase thermal comfort Variable unit configurations for greater tenant diversity and adaptability.
Unite d’habitation, Le Corbusier, France
|building typology
(i) Building pushed to back limit of plot
(i) No public outdoor space
(ii) Community Amenity Space (ii)Enclosure takes up majority
(iii)[Semi] Public Garden at front of plot
(iii)Building at street plot limit
(ii)
(ii) (i) (i) (iii)
(iii)
| PLOT
|Approach and entry
Each level has 4 uniform units (2 bedroom + maids room)
First Floor Plan
TYPICAL FLOOR PLAN
Each level has 4 units (1x 2 bedroom split level, 1x 1 bedroom, 2x studio) * Ability to expand peripheral units (1 and 2 bedroom into studio apartments
Lofted condition (LVLS 2,4, 6, 8)
TYPICAL FLOOR PLAN
| unit
First Floor Plan
TYPICAL FLOOR PLAN
2 bedrooms
Maid’s Quarter Living Kitchen
CASA de RENTA
TYPICAL FLOOR PLAN
penthouse plan
1 bedroom kitchen ability to expand unit
living
LOFTED Condition (lvls 2, 4, 6, 8)
Penthouse loft
EDIFICIO EUCALYPTUS
ventilation shaft
ventilation shaft
PUBLIC
core services
core services
PRIVATE
main living spaces
SERVICES
circulation
PUBLIC
SERVICES
circulation
ventilation shaft circulation
circulation
PRIVATE
main living spaces
main living spaces
core services
core services main living spaces
main living spaces
| UNIT
PUBLIC Private
First Floor Plan
TYPICAL FLOOR PLAN
PUBLIC PRIVATE SERVICES
CASA de RENTA
TYPICAL FLOOR PLAN
penthouse plan
LOFTED Condition (lvls 2, 4, 6, 8)
Penthouse loft
PUBLIC PRIVATE SERVICES
EDIFICIO EUCALYPTUS
Ernesto Katzenstein, “Argentine Architecture of the Thirties”, The Journal of Decorative and Propaganda Arts, no.18, 1992: pp.55-75 Fabio Grementieri, “Rationalism 1930-1945”, Fabio Grementieri, Xavier Verstraeten, Buenos Aires. Architectural Heritage, Buenos Aires 2001 (includes a paragraph on Comega building). Marcelo Barreiro, “Low-cost Modernism”, Abitare, no.342, 1995. Carlos Brillembourg (Editor), Latin American Architecture 1929-1960, Penguin, 2004. Kenneth Frampton, “The New Objectivity: Germany, Holland and Switzerland 1923-1933”, Modern Architecture. A Critical History. London, 1980: pp. 130-141. S. Borghini, H. Salama, J. Solsona, Arquitectura Moderna en Buenos Aires 1930-1950, Editorial CP67, Buenos Aires, 1987. Jorge F. Liernur, “La arquitectura moderna como profesión eficiente”, Arquitectura en la Argentina del siglo XX, La construcción de la modernidad, Fondo Nacional de las Artes, Buenos Aires, 2001: pp. 196-207.
“Edificio de departamentos y restaurant. Virrey del Pino 2446”, Canon no.1 (1950) Jorge Francisco Liernur, “The Tree in the box: Abstraction and Nature in the Virrey del Pino Apartments”, Assemblage no. 40. (2000) AAVV, “Virrey del Pino 2446. Juego estético con eucaliptus”, Vanguardias Argentinas, Obras y movimientos en el siglo XX, Vol.1, AGEA, Buenos Aires, 2005: pp. 110-115. “Casa de renta en Belgrano”, Nuestra Arquitectura. No.301, August 1954. “Casa del árbol. Virrey del Pino y Cabildo”, Summa+, no.2, August-September 1993. Jorge F. Liernur, “Departamentos en Virrey del Pino: el equilibrio inestable”, BLOCK no. 2, CEAC-UTDT, Buenos Aires, 1998. Francisco Bullrich, “Argentina”, New directions in Latin American Architecture, New York, G. Braziller, 1969: pp.30-34. Carlos Brillembourg (Editor), Latin American Architecture 1929-1960, Penguin, 2004. Jorge F. Liernur, “Almas de Austral”, Arquitectura en la Argentina del siglo XX, La construcción de la modernidad, Fondo Nacional de las Artes, Buenos Aires, 2001: pp. 230-241.
| REFERENCES