Qatar at a Glance

Qatar is one of the safest countries in the world and both visitors and residents have the opportunity to experience the courteous and hospitable nature of Arab culture. However, bear in mind that Qatar is a conservative Islamic state – by following a few simple rules in public you will more than repay the warm welcome shown to you.

Common Courtesies

Please dress modestly when out in public. As a show of respect towards the culture and tradition of Qatar, visitors and expatriates (both men and women) should dress conservatively. Avoid exposing the knees, shoulders, cleavage and stomach. Likewise, avoid tight, revealing clothing. Although there are many people who show disregard for the dress code here, it is in your best interest to avoid any unwelcome attention. Be particularly modest during the holy month of Ramadan. Visitors should also be mindful of the conservative dress code which is often required at the beach and by the pool in public. Topless sunbathing is prohibited.

Public displays of affection between men and women are discouraged and behaviour that is considered immoral could result in prosecution.

Time

Qatar local time is GMT+3, three hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time (GMT), also known as Universal Coordinated Time. It is fixed across the country and throughout the year. There is no summer daylight saving.

Hours of Business

The working week in Qatar is from Sunday to Thursday, with Friday (a sacred day of worship for Muslims) and usually Saturday being days off. Government ministries’ working hours are from 7 am – 2 pm, Sunday to Thursday. Some private businesses follow a one shift workday: 8 am – 5 pm, but many have two: roughly 8 am – 1 pm and 4 pm – 8 pm. Daily working hours for people with special needs have been reduced by one hour. Shop times vary but are generally 8:30 am – 12:30 pm and 4 pm – 10 pm, although shopping malls tend to be open all day between the hours of 10 am and 11 pm. Some shops do not open on Fridays, while others open for a couple of hours early in the morning and reopen in the late afternoon. Most malls open on Fridays at 1:30 pm, with shopping centres opening at 4 pm.

There are many photographic opportunities in Qatar, but exercise discretion when photographing local residents, even from a distance. It is wise to ask their permission first. Muslim women are very modest, so if you are a man, it is best to approach another man when asking for directions or advice. There are stiff fines for consuming alcohol other than on licensed premises or at home (you must have a liquor permit to buy alcohol for use at home). Driving under the influence of alcohol is a serious offence, and could lead to prosecution and deportation. Alcohol is not sold or served during Ramadan, or in the 10 days before Eid Al Adha. The country applies a zero-tolerance attitude to drugs.

Law No 10 of 2016 on the Control of Tobacco and its Derivatives is the principal law governing tobacco control in Qatar. The law prohibits smoking in indoor public places and the sale of e-cigarettes.

Currency

The official currency is the Qatari Riyal (QAR), which is divided into 100 Dirhams. The exchange parity has been set at the fixed rate of USD1 = QAR3.64. See Banking and Finance in the Business and Economy section for details of banks and currency exchange houses.

Public Holidays

The dates of religious public holidays such as the holy month of Ramadan, Eid Al Fitr and Eid Al Adha depend on the Hijri or Islamic calendar. The commencement of Ramadan, Eid Al Fitr and Eid Al Adha are confirmed the night before by the sighting of the new moon. The Islamic calendar uses the phases of the moon to mark the months' start and end dates.

This year, the first day of Ramadan began on 23 March, Eid Al Fitr began on 21 April, and Eid Al Adha on 28 June.

Qatar's National Day is 18 December each year. National Sport Day takes place on the second Tuesday of each February.

Geography

• Qatar is a peninsula of 11,521 sq km located halfway down the west coast of the Arabian Gulf.

• The territory encompasses several islands including Halul, Sheraouh, Al Beshairiya, Al Safliya (which is a marine protected area) and Al Aaliya.

• The coastline covers 563 km with shallow coastal waters in most areas and many coves and inlets.

• The terrain is flat and rocky, covered with sand flats and sand dunes. There are some exceptional low-rising limestone outcrops in the north and the west.

• The country is centrally placed among the states of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), which groups it with Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Bahrain, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and Oman.

Demography

• Qatar's population in June 2023 was 2,656,032, according to figures issued by the Planning and Statistics Authority (PSA) in June 2023. Males made up 1,976,922, and women account for 679,110. For the latest demographic statistics, visit psa.gov.qa

• Other population centres, apart from Doha, include Dukhan on the west coast, Mesaieed City and Al Wakra in the south, and Ras Laffan, Lusail City, The Pearl Island, and Al Khor in the north. Ras Laffan Industrial City (RLIC) is creating a population expansion in Al Khor and the adjoining areas. Projects are underway to provide new housing and amenities in the area.

Climate

• The country has a moderate desert climate with mild winters and hot summers. Winter nights can be cool, but temperatures rarely drop below 7°C.

• Humidity levels can be very high on the coast during the summer months.

• Rainfall is scarce (average 70 mm per year), falling on isolated days mainly between October and March.

Language and Religion

• The official language of the country is Arabic, but English is widely spoken and understood.

• All official documents (such as visa and resident permit applications) must be completed in Arabic.

• Islam is the official religion of the country, and Shari’a (Islamic Law) is the principal source of legislation.