WA S T E R E F I N I N G & M AT E R I A L E X C H A N G E I N I T I AT I V E - An Architecture of Added Value & Productivity -
María Esteban Casañas & Cathy Yarwood Unit 1_Urban Scale Architecture | Tutors: Tahl Kaminer & Andy Stoane ESALA | Edinburgh School of Architecture and Landscape Architecture
WA S T E R E F I N I N G & M AT E R I A L E X C H A N G E I N I T I AT I V E - An Architecture of Added Value & Productivity -
María Esteban Casañas & Cathy Yarwood Unit 1_Urban Scale Architecture | Tutors: Tahl Kaminer & Andy Stoane
ESALA | Edinburgh School of Architecture and Landscape Architecture
MA(Hons) Architecture. 2013
- UNIT BRIEF -
When the architectural avant-garde dissipated forty years ago, its project of rectifying society by creating a continuum of building and city also came to a close. The endgame of the avant-garde took the form of urban-scale architecture. Our unit returns to this moment in order to examine the possibilities of affecting society today via urban-scale architecture. ‘Scale’ is considered as a tectonic issue with significant implications for city and society. By developing architectural designs which are not limited to ‘site’ in the conventional sense, the intention is to produce through architectural project a critique of the subordination of architecture to the discredited contemporary urban, economic, and societal conditions. In order to articulate such a critique, the unit emphasises the relation of the singular building to the urban multiplicity, and particularly architectural form to urban morphology. Such emphasis, accompanied by a thorough consideration of public programmes as well as of the traces and scars created by political-economy in the built environment, will be the key factor in the unit’s ambition to identify the architectural role in future societal transformation.
CONTENTS
MOMENT 1 Site Analysis 7
* MOMENT 2 Proposal 15
* MOMENT 3 Urban Impact 23
* MOMENT 4 Exchange Stations 29
* MOMENT 5 Housing & Artists’ Studio Units 37
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IND USTRIAL RAIL LINE AS SEEN FROM LEITH WALK
POW D ER HALL D ESTRUCTOR WITH TRASH TRAIN
POWDERHALL WASTE COMPATION PROCESS
MOMENT 1 S I T E A N A LY S I S & W A S T E I N D U S T R Y
HISTORIC INDUSTR IAL BUILD INGS LINING THE TR ACK
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SITE ANALYSIS Tracing an Urban Identity Broughton, once a separate entity from the city, has a history of industry and production. Tram and rail lines ran through the area, serving the light industry that developed in Broughton’s northern periphery. 8
Over time, the expansion of Edinburgh’s city centre and the Port of Leith upon Broughton’s ambiguous boundaries has caused its identity of production to fade. Belonging to different powers and controls yet resistant to be absorbed into any, the political, social and economic The single industrial rail line that remains from Broughton’s past cuts through the urban fabric as a nostalgic reminder of the area’s history and a physical representation of its current divided character. Potentiating these necessary infrastructures of industry and production may reactivate Broughton’s lost identity.
A LINEAR GROWTH An Urban Pattern The case study of the re-introduction of the tram to Edinburgh reveals a linear growth potential. Developments to fall within staggered zonings are to contribute to the trams construction to varying degree. The method for assessing the amount of contribution is based on the degree of accessibility to the proposed tram system. The policies reveal the power of infrastructure connections on an urban scale and the linear growth they initiate.
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HOPETOUN STREET
RAILWAY LINE
BELLEVUE ROAD
Train Tracks 10
Industrial Buildings Industrial Buildings
Industrial Buildings Open Spaces Open Spaces
Open Spaces Potential Demolition
Empty Sites
CATEGORIZATION OF SPACES AROUND THE INDUSTRIAL RAILWAY LINE
BROUGHTON ROAD
11 Industrial Sites
Open Spaces
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[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
[1]
[2]
INITIAL REACTION TO SITE ANALYSIS An Initial Urban Gesture
FURTHER INSIGHT INTO SITE STRATEGY An Activating Urban Gesture
To make use of the existing industrial line that intersects with Leith Walk - overlaying a main strip and transversal strips.
Building upon the lasting fragments of Broughton’s industry. Reinventing the waste industry as an opportunity to activate the area and Broughton’s production identity.
Buildings of different programme anchor to these strips,‘embedding’ into Broughton or ‘fleeing’ from it.
Adding cultural value to an infrastructure currently considered with zero value.
[3]
The 9-5 Exodus - Main Strip takes on an industrial ‘production’ role during the daytime hours.
Interaction of public with waste industry, material production and cultural consumption.
[4]
Evening activity - Main Strip becomes one of Consumption and Social Events.
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MOMENT 2 PROPOSAL
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The project references a time when Broughton was more engaged with the industries and mechanical infrastructures that supported it. Currently the city and Broughton neglect to interact with these infrastructures, leaving them as forgotten parts. We identified the industrial waste rail passing through the site as a physical fracture to be mended and reactivated through our scheme.
PROJECT STATEMENT
The scheme proposes a new street within Broughton, located on its existing industrial railway line. The rail line’s existing programme sets up the timetable of our proposal: the train leaves the Powderhall Destructor, Edinburgh’s single waste compaction site, at 10am with the city’s compacted waste in containers out to Dunbar landfill and returns empty at 2.30pm.
The scheme consists of a housing , material recycling and arts programme that occupies and connects with the industrial rail line and its waste industry. The linear activation of a new industrial street cutting through the centre of Broughton engages the area by day, through production and exchange, and by night through public interaction and the arts.
The scheme works in a four-way collaboration between the industrial, the residential, the urban and the artistic community. The Powderhall destructor takes on a new role of sorting Edinburgh’s scrap materials for reuse, providing the materials for the scheme.
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10:30 AM EXTERIOR VIEW FROM DRYDEN TERRACE BRIDGE
Waste Depot Site
Studio Spaces
Housing Units
Exchange Points
Order of construction of studios and workshops
LAN D SCAPE D SITE PLAN OF SCHEME
The timetabled mechanical operations of the Powderhall site continue down the tracks to six different ‘stations’ at which the waste train mechanically exchanges its scrap material to be further processed at each stop. The housing units are forged around each station and directly dispose of their waste via them rather than through the complex networks of waste distribution throughout the city.
TIMBER III [DETAILING] Activation Time: 11:45am
METAL II [FLATTENING & MELTING] Activation Time: 10:45am
METAL III [DETAILING] Activation Time: 11:15am
METAL I [SORTING & CUTTING] Activation Time: 10:15am
POWDERHALL DESTRUCTOR Leaving Time: 10:00am Retur ning Time: 2:30pm
19 TIMBER II [SANDING] Activation Time: 11:15am
TIMBER I [SORTING & CUTTING] Activation Time: 10:45am
TR AIN E DIN BURGH - DUN BAR | Activating Containers
TRASH DISPOSAL Waste fr om Housing Units is transfer r ed to trash-train via trash pivot.
SCRAP METAL Scrap metal collected at the Powderhall Destructor is processed through our scheme for re-distribution at dif ferent scales.
SCRAP TIMBER Scrap timber collected at the Powderhall Destructor is pr ocessed thr ough our scheme for r e-distribution at differ ent scales. ACTIVATION TIME OF MATERIAL EXCHANGE STATIONS
Leith Walk
Dryden Terrace
ACTIVATION TIMES Trash Collection: 11:15 Timber Workshop: 11:45
ACTIVATION TIMES Trash Collection: 11:00 Metal Workshop: 11:15
ACTIVATION Trash Collection: 1 Metal Workshop: 1
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ACTIVATION TIMES Trash Collection: 10:45 Timber Workshop: 11:15
Broughton Road
N TIMES 10:30 10:45
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ACTIVATION TIMES Trash Collection: 10:00 Metal Workshop: 10:15
ACTIVATION TIMES Trash Collection: 10:15 Timber Workshop: 10:45
ELEVATIONS THROUGH TRAIN TRACKS | Scale 1:1000
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M ODEL OF SCH E M E | S c a l e 1 : 5 0 0
MOMENT 3 U R B A N I M PA C T
MODEL OF E XCH AN GE STATI ON | S c a l e 1 : 5 0
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Br oughton
Powderhall Destructor
Scheme Stops
Edinburgh Stops
Dunbar
Mediation between industrial and residential Via mechanical layer
URB AN SCALE ENGAGEMENT | Ar chitectural Ef ficac y
Distribution beyond Broughton The stations act as distribution points
Extension of industry along tracks Waste exchange stations & workshops
Train map: proposed stops [Broughton - Dunbar]
A public landscape and arts programme Increasing footfall across the street
The scheme works on multiple time scales: 10:00 - 11:45 Scheme The scheme adopts the train’s existing timetable and proposes additional stops at different points along its route to Dunbar landfill. As it stops, exchange stations and their housing units become activated. 9:00am - 4pm Scheme Daytime activity – Exchange stations, workshops and studios are privately active. Workshops refine the scrap materials for studio cladding and for exchange with the city. Studios use scrap supplies in the creation of art. Waste of zero-value is processed to materials of the highest cultural-value. 4pm- 9am Scheme Night-time activation - Public activation of new street. Via access points extended from Broughton’s existing road networks, the public filters through the tracks to inhabit the landscaped street and access the open studios from the new street.
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Yearly Scheme The whole scheme will be constructed over an extended period of time, as materials are gathered and processed for the cladding of the studio spaces. Studio spaces are ‘inserted’ into the housing units and multiply down the scheme over years. As material starts to degrade, cladding is simply replaced. The scheme enables the gradual deconstruction of the waste material, the reassembly of its parts into new forms, and the distribution of these. Resisting the typical urbanising of a site, the scheme speaks of productivity, industry and mechanics.
URBAN EFFECT: Acti vation of Industrial Infrastr uctur es on a City Scale
Vehicle Access: +20.00m Pedestrian Entrance: +24.00m
2% Ramp
Vehicle Access: +21.80m Pedestrian Entrance: +25.80m
5% Ramp 8.5% Ramp
Train tracks: +21.80m
Access via Dryden Terrace Bridge at +23.00m [+5.00m from train tracks] Access via Leith Walk at +29.80m [+7.00m from train tracks]
4% Pedestrian Ramp 3% Vehicle Ramp
Access via McDonald Road at +21.00m [+3.80m from train tracks]
5.5% Pedestrian Ramp
4% Pedestrian Ramp
Pedestrian access via Pilrig Heights Street at +18.00m [±0.00m from train tracks] Vehicle Access via Dryden Street at +18.00, [±0.00m from train tracks]
Access via McDonald Road at +17.00m [±0.00m from train tracks]
PUBLIC ACCESS TO EXCHANGE POINTS & PRIVATE ENTRANCE TO HOUSING UNITS | Scale 1:2000
MOMENT 4 E XC H A N G E S TAT I O N S
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Materials are exchanged between stations via the trash train. They are distributed on a city scale via a public level to each exchange station, according to the scheme’s timetable. The scrap is refined in stages in each of the stations’ workshops along the scheme. Produced is cladding for the studios and further processed materials to exchange with the city. Studios creatively use the scrap supplies in various degrees of refinement in the creation of art. The waste pivot on the residential level to each exchange station allows residents to directly dispose of their waste via the scheme. Engaging the resident with the waste industry they rely on - the residents are not fully conditioned by the industry, but may be informed by it.
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Public Entrace Private Entrace Artist’s Entrance Access to Workshop Mechanical
FLOOR PLANS EXCHANGE STATIONS | Scale 1:150
Ground Floor Plan : Material Collection for the Public Time: 10:45 + 1.2m from tracks, level with container
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Ground Floor Plan: Trash Collection Time: 10:30 + 5.2m from tracks
Top Floor Plan: Material Exchange Time: 11:00 + 9.2m from tracks
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Material Container: Daily Rotation, forming part of the facade. Third Floor Activation
CON TAI NE R D ESIGN : forming part of the facade | Scale 1:100
Trash Disposal Container First Floor Activation
Material Container Ground Floor Activation
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ACTI VE SE CTI ON : Mechanical Movements | Scale 1:100
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WASTE D I SPOSAL PI VOT M E CH AN I SM
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SE CTI ON THROUGH E XCHANGE STATION | Sca le 1:100 10:45 EXTERIOR VIEW FROM TRAIN TRACKS
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VIE W FROM ARTIST’S STUDIO A Landscaped Galler y Str eet [Evening Acti vation]
MOMENT 5 HOUSING UNITS & ARTIST’S STUDIOS The housing units mediate the urban with the industrial use of the site - through mechanical shutters facing the tracks the resident engages with the trash train through a ‘mechanical shield’ and filter it into their urban lives.
With the artists working closely with the scrap materials to produce art from trash, their studios open up after-hours for the public to access via the new street, transforming the evening landscape into one of culture and building upon Broughton’s image as an area of production.
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EXPLODED ISOMETRIC : Mechanical Interactions with Industrial R ail Line - Mediator betw een the Urban and the Industrial | Scale 1:100
Ar tist’s Studio [Access at +17.10m]
Small Housing Unit [Access at +21.10m]
Lar ge Housing Unit [Access at +21.10m]
Str uctural Concr ete Cor e Stair case
DEVELOPMENT DRAWINGS : Access and Cir culation Study | Scale 1:200
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1. Small Housing Unit - Lower Floor 2. Balcony with Shutters - A Filter to the Industrial 3. Artist’s Studio 4. Exterior Staircase to Artist’s Gallery 5. Small Housing Unit - Upper Floor 6. Staircase Small Housing Unit 7. Large Housing Unit - Lower Floor 8. Staircase Large Housing Unit 9. Large Housing Unit - Upper Floor 10. Waste Container 11. Metal Container FLOOR PLANS HOUSING UNITS | 1:100
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Ground Floor Plan : Artis’s Studio & Ground Floor of Small Housing Unit + 1.2m from tracks, level with container
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First Floor Plan : Large & Small Housing Units
Top Floor Plan : Large Housing Unit
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10:45 AM SECTION THROUGH HOUSING UNIT & ARTIST’S STUDIO | Scale 1:100
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9:30 PM SECTION THROUGH PROPOSED STREET : A Landscape for Exhibition | Scale 1:100
Copper Sheet Timber Studs Plywood Deck Water Tight Insulation Thermal Insulation Vapour Barrier
Metal Sheet Reinforced In Situ Concrete Glass (1.5% inclination)
Plaster Mortar Neoprene Rubber Gasket Separating Coat, Impermeability Layer Precast Joist Expansion Joint Lightweight Concrete on Corrugated Metal I-beam
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A
B
[A] DETAIL DRAWING OF ROOF| Scale 1:20
Reinforced In Situ Concrete Corrugated Steel Rod Reinforced In Situ Concrete
45 Fine Concrete Screed Composite Floor (Lightweight Concrete on Corrugated Metal Sheet) Steel I beam
STAIRCASE CONSTRUCTION SEQUENCE: 1. Pour in situ concrete wall 2. Drill a 2mm diameter hole into the wall 20mm deep 3. Fill hole with epoxy resin 4. Insert corrugated steel rod 5. Set up framework for steps 6. Add steel reinforcement 7. Pour concrete 9. Remove framework
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B
[B] DETAIL DRAWING OF STAIRCASE & FLOOR | Scale 1:20
Steel I Beam (connects with Steel I Columns at Studio corners)
Water Tight Insulation Timber Studs
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Steel C Section (to accept framing for semi standardised cladding systems)
C
[C] D ETAI L DRAWING OF INSERTED ARTIST’S STUDIO Scale 1:20
Steel Sheet Platform Element Steel Angle Steel I Beam (extends to form 3m Studio cantilever)
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ARTIST’S STUDIO & STRUCTURAL CORE STAIRCASE | Scale 1:20
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Semi-standardised Cladding System Individualized Cladding System Further vertical cladding rails are of varying length and position to
METAL CLADDING SYSTEMS | Le vels of scrap r efinement
Copper Sheet Wood Studs Wood Deck Water Tight Insulation Vapour Barrier Timber studs Steel I Beam
Glass (1.5% inclination) Drainage channel Turning rod (extruded metal) Louvre (made from refned scrap metal)
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D
[D] ARTIST’S STUDIO | Scale 1:20
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SE CTI ON THROUGH CONTRASTING SPACES | Scale 1:100
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10:30 AM VIEW FROM METAL II HOUSING UNIT
APPENDIX 53
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Animation Stills Scheme is described through time-based media to exhibit activation of parts over time.
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