MCH. Mariana Sandoval Salcido
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PORTFOLIO Mariana Sandoval Salcido Master in Collective Housing 2020
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Content
WORKSHOPS 01_City Cohousing
08.
Amann_ Cánovas_ Maruri_ Wajnerman
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02_Home2share Van Rijs_ Borrego
14.
03_Superar* Njiriç_ Campaña
22.
04_Torres Colón Brooks_ de Miguel
32.
WORKSHOPS
SPECIALTIES
05_Fontana Mix Coll_ Leclerc_ García-Setién
44.
01_From Barcelona to Copenhagen 68. Construction and technology
06_The city as balanced substance Deplazes_ Altozano_ Salmerón
52.
02_Bienvenido_Hato Nuevo Low-cost and emergency housing
80.
07_Merging: volume_ structure_ facade Eberle_ Sotelo_ Yalcin Chauca
60
03_Campamento Urban design and landscape
94.
04_Fatis Algeria Energy and sustaintability
102.
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The Master of Architecture in Collective Housing, MCH, is a postgraduate fulltime international professional program of advanced architecture design in cities and housing presented by Universidad PolitĂŠcnica of Madrid (UPM) and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH).
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City cohousing The void Co-housing is a form of housing in which the residents are part of a larger whole. It combines elements of private and collective ownership and is the fusion of the advantages of an individual lifestyle with the benefits of being part of a community that share activities and spaces. Collective housing is an attractive form of living that benefits communities and their relationship with the planet, as it is associated with low impact living where they can share resources. This workshop is an exploration of the brave new world of living together in the XXI century. It tries to find new possibilities in life forms that have not yet been explored in this case: the void as a space to live in. 8
WORKSHOP_01 Workshop leaders Atxu Amann_ Andrés Cánovas_ Nicolás Maruri Assistant professor Gabriel Wajnerman Teammates Carlos Ballesteros_ Ignacio Valdez_ Luis Rivera _ Mariana Sandoval_ Steve Jacovic
Duration 5 days 9
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What does it mean to inhabit the void? Is it possible to recognize it without the presence of mass? In this project, we understand our characters and their specific needs to generate spaces. To bring different possibilities of inhabiting from what they are, and not from what we intend them to be. But this process is impossible without exploring ourselves: our own mass and complexity. It is a process that need to be done from the inside-out. And it takes courage to go there. It takes courage to face our deepness and start to carve. Carve in order to find light. Carve to generate shelter Carve to seek connections And finally find our own place. It takes time and the will to break the image of ourselves to finally see the shape of our own void.
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Home2share Forget car home rental by the day month as you know it. Carsharing home2share is just like having your own car house in Madrid. Just grab a car2go home2share. All you need is one app. Find out what it means to be #proudto share in Madrid.1 What is home2share? Home2share is the world’s first home sharing service. Our Real Estate operates without fixed rental procedures. All you need is the app. Grab a home2share anywhere in a home2share location in Madrid and choose the home-elementsyou need. How big do you want your house to be at any moment of the day orthe week? When you’re done, return some or all of the elements back. For a lowprice per minute that includes everything from renting to cleaning. You can access to a large apartment only when you need it. You do not pay when you are not in the city. You can retain a minimum unit and expand it when necessary. Why use home2share in Madrid? From Chamberí to Gran Vía – you’ve never done home rental like this before. Homesharing with home2share is a new way of living in the city without owning a house. No more lack of space. No more extra space that you do not use. No more extra rooms to pay for sporadic use. No more problems of space when guests or family are coming. No more problems when organizing a big dinner or a party at home. Start using home2share in Madrid – all 1 you need is the app. It’s the future, only it’s right now. www.car2go.com (12.02.2020) 14
WORKSHOP_02 Workshop leader Jacob van Rijs Assistant professor Ignacio Borrego Teammates Audrey Umar_ Felipe QuiĂąones_ MJ. Rodriguez de Vera _ Mariana Sandoval_ Steve Jacovic Duration 5 days 15
Following the idea of creating an app in which the goal is to create a collective housing building where residential units are not fixed and conventional, but instead it is a constellation of spaces that can be rented according to changing desires and necessities. Housemater arises as a project in which the dwellers have the opportunity to expand their unit in an affordable way. The system is based on a common interest format in which the users can match to join their units or rent common spaces.
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The building is divided into two formats. On one hand, the units have a central space in which they can be extended according to the wishes of the users. And on the other hand, there are the units that have central common room [atmospheres] that can be rented and shared for various activities.
Units Project components 18
Atmospheres Atmospheres
Unitexpansion expansions Unit
Atmospheres 19
Base configuration
Match
Expansion_examples 20
Match
The extension of the units is achieved by a rail system. There is a control system where the smallest units can be enlarged up to 6 meters. On the other hand, the largest units can be enlarged up to a maximum of 3 meters. Units
Expansions
+
2m
1.5m
3m
1.5m
1.5m
6m
2m
3m
+
4m
2m
3m
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Superar* Overcoming clichÊs in collective housing design The workshop is focused on low-cost housing, affordable and innovative solutions to the basic need for small quality housing. It is designed to challenge and seek creativity with traditional ideas and concepts in the architectural design of collective living spaces. It aims to promote alternative solutions and to develop affordable and sustainable units with limited size and budget to meet the urgent demand of the housing market, which is not in contradiction with singular, pleasant, and inviting domestic spaces. The challenge is both multidisciplinary and multi-scale, a minimal housing unit capable of fulfilling the residents’ requirements of comfort, thrift, and sustainability. As a critique of the usual shortcomings of the housing market, it is an opportunity to take up and revise long-established clichÊs and transform them into new qualities. 22
WORKSHOP_03 Workshop leader Hrvoje Njiriç Assistant professor Esperanza Campaña Teammates Álvaro Pedrayes _ Juan C . Barrionuevo_ Mariana Sandoval
Duration 5 days 23
01_Thick plan
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02_The shallow
03_Reversible plan
04_Irregular contours
05_Open plan
06_Petrified plan
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01_Thick plan Speculation in the housing market often leads to extremely deep floor plans, which require a lot of skill in handling. Depths of 20 m are not uncommon, often aggravated by extreme thinness of less than 6 m. The most important aspect to be considered for these buildings is the way they can be properly organized by providing adequate visibility, light and ventilation.
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02_The shallow On the contrary, there are extremely thin houses that are not wide enough for two functional areas lying one behind the other. The advantages of the thin buildings are having cross-ventilation and a clear view, topped with an extreme facade length, and, as a result, thermal losses.
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03_Reversible plan There is an ongoing debate about whether housing needs to be designed to offer transformations within the same perimeter. The reasons for this may be different: multi-generational transitions, patchwork households vs. traditional family layouts, etc. This was a hot topic in the 1970s, and is now somewhat set aside today. The challenge is how to apply the programmatic needs (i.e. working from home, coworking, flexible storage, outdoor...) and how to facilitate smooth transformations.
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04_Irregular contours Sometimes we are faced with the task of designing an apartment in a predefined contour. The reasons for this can be quite diversified – be it an existing structure that has to be converted into apartments or a complicated envelope articulated in such a way to meet, for example, urban requirements. Complex and irregular boundaries do not necessarily mean a lack of spatial and atmospheric quality, however.
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05_Open plan Open plan has its conceptual, ideological roots in the 20th century modernism. It is also to be found as a radical transformation of industrial legacy known as a loft. Whatever the lifestyle is, issues of privacy and confinement have to be addressed.
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06_Petrified plan A petrified plan with many thick loadbearing walls with a short span is a relic of the 19th-century housing stock, which must be preserved for the present-day needs.
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Torres Colón: The Post-Pandemic Tower as Re-usable Urban Ecosystem This project is about re-imagining Madrid’s most iconic towers, the Torres de Colón, as a radically sustainable, inclusive and uplifting place to live in the context of two current global crises: the Climate Crisis and the Covid-19 pandemic.These two crises have forced us to re-think the nature of how we live, how we consume, how we relate and how we work. Homes have become not only our personal sanctuaries associated with leisure and ‘domesticity’, but in many cases, have revived the pre-industrial revolution norm of the home as workplace. The vacant Torres de Colón towers provide a perfect opportunity to re-use an existing building demonstrating a low-carbon approach that enhances quality of life for its inhabitants and the environmental quality of the city. Ironically the Torres de Colón were originally designed as a residential project. So this project will restore the Torres’ original function and spirit while adapting the tower typology to new life-and-work-styles. 32
WORKSHOP_04 Workshop leader Alison Brooks Assistant professor Alejandro de Miguel Teammates Juan F. Quiñones_ Juan J. SánchezAedo_ Mariana Sandoval_ Meggy Katharopoulou Duration 5 days 33
The towers were built between 1967-1976 by the Madrid architect Antonio Lamela. It consists of two large pylons connected at the top by a 6 m deep platform, from which are suspended prestressed concrete columns that hold each floor. The towers were built from top to bottom, from the upper platform level by level to the base of the construction. The project was designed for residential use from the beginning. However, in August 1970, City Council issued an instruction to “demolish the abusive works�, but the developer won the subsequent legal battle. Instead of enduring a compen-
History 34
sation, the council allowed the forecasted residential use to be converted into offices, and that is how the building became one of the most iconic, and lucrative, office spaces in the capital. The building was refurbished in the 1990s, when stairs were added between the towers to meet new fire safety regulations, ending in a plug-shaped top. In 2019, the current owner, announced a major remodeling of the towers, to be carried out between 2020 and 2022, eliminating the ground floor overhangs and the socket-shaped finish, which will be replaced by two new four-story structures.
The Torres de Colón is a 110 meters high office skyscraper located in Madrid’s very central and crowded Plaza de Colón. The towers have a strategic importance in the city as they are a point of connection and it is situated inside a hidden network that moves underground. Considering the fact that there is an area of opportunity to redesign and reconfigure the six-story underground car park so, it can form an underground connection point with the rest of the city.
Context_underground 35
60´s
90´s
Original design
Redesign
+ Back to the basics
Additions and connections
Apartments
Torres de Colón have a symbolic role; they are cultural artifacts. They act as icons of the city of Madrid but their role and meaning have been confused and compromised over time. This project presents an opportunity to renew the Torres’ reading as urban landmark.
Design strategies 36
Flying gardens
Underground Sport facilities
Programing the slabs 37
-1 Plaza level
-2 Arenas level 38
-10m
-4.5m
-3 Thermal baths
-17.6m
The main concept of the public areas is to strengthen the connection with the existing elements by providing a link to the Colรณn metro station and creating a new underground urban plaza that is in contact with the sports facilities. On the upper part of the ground floor are the flying gardens, designed in different slabs to follow the idea of decomposition and anti-gravity.
Ground floor
+1 Flying gardens
0m
+3.5_11.5m 39
Dwellings 40
In the project, each of the towers was attributed with differenttypologies. The east, tower respond to have fixed apartments configuration, and on the other hand, there is a flexible tower, which is thought in the pandemic context, these apartments are plan free and have the possibility to be configured according to the needs and preferences of the owner.
Flexible tower
Fixed tower
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Fontana Mix Urban hybrid protype The project consists of the crossing of a hybrid residential hybrid project on the top of the Fontana metro station in the Gracia neighborhood of Barcelona. For the consistent development of a superposition of residential landscapes with dwellings for 70 users and collective spaces for private and public use. The site is part of the ATRI program (Inclusive Resettlement Tactical Accommodation) of Barcelona City Council, which consists of plots of land or buildings that have not yet exhausted their permitted built-up area. The development is carried out from the inside out, based on historical and contemporary case studies, generally single-family houses, whose common characteristic is the rigor with which they consider the house as a system subject to a series of rules, instructions, or constraints that allow their extrapolation into a new prototype. This prototype must in turn preserve the spatial, tectonic, and environmental qualities that characterized the original model. 44
WORKSHOP_05 Workshop leader Jaime Coll_ Judit Leclerc Assistant professor Diego García-Setién Teammates María José Brito_ Mariana Sandoval_ Michael Sánchez
Duration 5 days 45
Equal rooms house Adler house_ Louis Kahn
Cases of study 46
House of house Moriyama house_ SANAA
Wrapper house House N_ Fujimoto
Equal rooms house Modularity _ structure determining the inner Equal house /Adler house Louis Kahn
. modularity: structure determining the inner space
House of house Solids vs voids_ House of house /Moriyama house transitions spaces SANAA
. solidsvs voids: transition spaces
Wrapper house Equal house /House N Gradation of todomain Fujimo through porosity . gradation of domain through porosity
Principles to follow 47
x4
Enclosed + layered
Niche
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Niche + transitions
Layered dwellings
Communal areas
19,14
21,13
0
1
5
10
Mezzanine
Ground floor
0
1
5
10
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5
5
5th floor
Floor plans
8,55 2,67
2,67 1
5
5
2nd floor
10
7,83
10
10
10
10
10
7,40
7,40
3,10
3,10
1 0
1
5
3,10
5
10,35
3,10
10
10
10,35
10,35
10,35
8,55
2,67
2,67
8,55 2,67
7,83
2,67 5
7,83
7,40
7,83 1
5
0
8,55
10,35
7,83 1 0
1
8,55
8,55
Sc_ 1:100 Sc_ 1:100
2,67
0
0
8,55
0
7,40
7,83
7,83
7,83
10
8,55
1
1
Sc_ 1:100 Sc_ 1:100
10
10,35
7,83
0
10,35
2,67
10,35
0
10
8,55
3,10
5
10,35
7,83
5
10,35
3,10
10,35
8,55
1
3,10
10
10,35
7,83
5
3,10
3,10
7,83
7,83 7,83 5
1st floor
7,40
3,10
2,67
2,67 2,67
2,67 7,83
3,10
1 0
1
8,55
7,40
3,10
0
7,40
2,67
8,55
8,55 8,55
7,40
1
2,67
2,67
8,55
8,55
7,40
50
7,40
10,35
2,67
0
7,40
2,67
10,35
7,40
10,35
8,55
3,10
0
7,83
10,35
2,67
3,10
3,10
8,55
7,40
3,10
7,83
7,83
7,83
2,67
2,67
8,55
8,55
7,40
7,40
7,83
7,40
0
1
0
0
1
1 0
1
5
5
5
5
6th floor
10
10
10
10
The building is a mixture of three different identities, the niche, the layered dwellings, and the common areas. Where the number of dwellings per floor determines the configuration of the common areas
Gran de Gràcia ST
L1
The area on the ground floor is considered a negotiation zone that connects the street with both the urban hybrid and the metro station.
Sortida
Carrer Gran de Gràcia
Cambra
B.T.
Vía 2
0
1
5
10
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City as the balanded substance Cities are a combination of top-down and bottom-up approaches. In the case of Madrid, the city center follows an organic development, where the organization is based on a bottom-up perspective from the medieval era. Over time, the city grew and became a highly complex environment. As a result, the city had to adapt and organize itself from a top-down spatial perspective to meet the needs of its population. Over time, various urban elements have overlapped, changed, lost or increased disproportionately, leading to urban imbalances The main objective of the workshop is to analyze the city in order to identify these areas of imbalance. Finding the imbalances offers the opportunity to redefine the city through architectural and urban projects, to create a balanced environment in which the city is optimal for its inhabitants. 52
WORKSHOP_06 Workshop leader Andrea Deplazes Assistant professor Fernando Altozano_ Margarita Salmerรณn Teammates Adolfo de la Torre_ Juan E. Duque_ Mariana Sandoval
Duration 7 days 53
Bottom up_ top down Overlapping San Francisco El Grande
Bottom up_ top down Emptiness + opening Plaza Mayor
Top down Grid plan
Bottom up_ top down Broken plate
Puerta del Ă ngel
Plaza de la Cebada
Top down
Meeting in the middle
Bottom up
Bottom up Squatting Corrala Block
After analyzing the historic quarter of Madrid, we divided the city into three different zones. The medieval quarter is considered a bottom-up area where few major top-down operations have been carried out to transform important sites into landmarks such as Plaza Mayor. On the other side of the Manzanares river, the city has grown from a top-down way. The area in between is the intersection of these two perspectives, where examples of bottomup and top-down operations are mixed. This area is an area of possibilities because, according to the topography, it has been a physical boundary that could be transformed. 54
Campo del Moro Plaza de oriente
Casa de campo
Madrid RĂo
There's an opportunity to connect the site with the nearest urban green areas.
San Francisco El Grande
Parque Caramuel
Site analysis Black & white balance Area 20.2 Ha Blacks 29% Whites 71%
Dwellings 76% Institutional 24%
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Project components
1
The horseshoe building
2
Urban park
3
The stripe building
Subraction
Addition
Neutrality
Subtraction + addition = balance 56
The project consists of a major urban redevelopment in which a park serves as a link between the buildings. The chance to create a park is that on a big scale it can be the starting point of the green belt that can connect San Francisco el Grande, Campo del Moro, Madrid Rio, and Casa de Campo. The proposed buildings follow the principle of balancing this part of the city, where Subtraction + addition = balance
the situation is unbalanced due to the hillside location. The horseshoe-shaped building is located in the corner and has a central plaza that serves as the entrance to the park. The stripes building is located in front of the church San Francisco el Grande and is embedded in the topography in such a way that it forms a transitional area between the upper and lower parts. Section - facade
Section - facade
Acc
ess
pla
za
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Unit first floor
Unit second floor
Typical floor plan and plaza
Horsehoe building 58
Unit floor plan
Typical floor plan
The stripes building 59
Merging: volume_ structure_ facade This workshop consists of four different tasks in which different architectural aspects were examined in different locations in Madrid. The first task is the volumetric exploration, in which a shape was generated taking into account the context and the program. The second task focused on the generation of a structural proposal. The last element to be studied was the faรงade. This should not only be the face of the building but also react to the context and orientation to ensure the comfort of the users. The final project was to incorporate all the elements to design a building. _the portfolio contains only the final task. 60
WORKSHOP_07 Workshop leader Dietmar Eberle Assistant professor Yasemin Yalcin Chauca_ Jorge Sotelo Individual project Duration 5 days 61
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UP
UP
Ground floor
UP
UP
Typical floor plan
The building consists of two volumes, these share the entrance in the middle. In able to have a free plan, the structure is composed of a central structural core, which also functions as the circulations, and prefabricated load-bearing walls. 63
Core
Precast load-bearing walls
Structure 64
The building is composed of a set of walls that are oriented in such a way that the windows are protected from the western sun. Thanks to the movement of the walls, spaces are generated that are used as balconies. The first-floor apartments do not have balconies, to generate hierarchy to the ground floor.
Main facade
Patio facade
Facades 65
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From Barcelona to Copenhagen Re-locating Torre Julia Based on the Torre Julia by the architects’ Pau Vidal, SergiPons, Ricard Galiana located in Barcelona Spain. The aim of the workshop is to re-locate the project in a different place and economic context and to re-conceptualize the building design strategies related to the external envelope, structure, and services. As well as, to rethink the construction systems and materials according to the new location and to find a suitable solution to re-industrialize the building process in relation to the resources available at the new location. As the final result of the workshop is to compare the results with the original drawings and to draw a valuable conclusion. 68
SPECIALTY_01
CONSTRUCTION & TECHNOLOGY
Specialty leader Ignacio Fernández Solla Assistant professors David Rutter_ Diego GarcíaSetién_ Archie Campbell Teammates Manuel Muñoz_ María José Brito_ Mariana Sandoval_ Miguel Valle 69
The original project was designed to provide autonomy for older people. It is necessary to maintain the same type of user, as it is the main key driver within the project design. Some elements have been added to the program to improve the comfort, well-being, safety and health of the residents maintaining the collective spirit.
Population over 65 in Europe
1950 12%
2011 24%
2050 36%
% population over 65_ 2008-2018 4,6
4,9
4,9
FINLAND
Ageing in Europe 70
GERMANY1,3
1,6
1,6
BULGARIA
AUSTRIA
2,3
2,1
LUXEMBOURG
ESTONIA
2,3
SWEDEN
2,5
2,4
2,3
LATVIA
CROATIA
LITHUANIA
IRELAND
SLOV AKIA
CYPRUS
POLAND
0
CZECHIA
1 0,5
NETHERLANDS
2 1,5
ITALY
2,7
HUNGARY
2,6
2,8
2,8
SPAIN
SLOVENIA
2,5
ROMANIA
3,1
GREECE
3,0
3,2
3,1
BELGIUM
3,4
3,3
FRANCE
3,6
3
3,5
3,8
3,7
DENMARK
4,2
4 3,5
PORTUGAL
4,5
MALTA
5%
Amager Island
Amager Island
Ørestad
Ørestad
Ørestad Nord
Site
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Circular Circular constuction construction
Different blocks blocksS Different
olid Light Solid design design design design
Building evolution evolution Building through time time through Cooper oxidation process process Cooper oxidation
Wood aging Wood aging
Solar energy
O2 CO2 Photosynthesis si
Carbon storage CO2
Denmark is known for being a leader in sustainability. In order to follow these principles, cross laminated timber (CLT) is proposed as a material. This because if it is compared with steel and concrete construction it is a material with low environmental impact and a much lower embodied carbon footprint.
Design features 72
Recovery heat and power
Production
Wood waste
Re - use of wood
S
N E
O L E V
E P
D N A S S L L E L N A PA W S LT B C LA S
H PE IG O H L E E L V B N U E O B D FA E R P
PR
ET IL O ES
S
E
S A C IR S A E T L S U B D A O F E M
R
S E M L O U O D R O H M T B BA A F D E N R P A D N 3 HE C IT
K
P
D N A S S L L E L N A PA W S LT B C LA S
G IN K R A E P R D O N C U E O T R E G R R C E N D O N C U
C
B
A
Constructive process
73
Typical floor plan 74
W8
CLT Wall panel W1
W3
W4 W6
CLT wall panels F1
F2
F1*
F2*
CLT floor panels Envelope Envelope
E1
E2
E3
Envelope
Stair cores M1
3D module
Prefab elements 75
OUTDOOR 22 °C
INDOOR 22 °C
EX HE CH AT AN G
ER
Heating system 76
Radiant floors
OUTDOOR 22 °C
INDOOR 22 °C
A
H RT NO IUM R N T A PE O
Summer
Passive ventilation LY AL R DULED GE I N V DI RO HA N T I N XC COAT E HE
Exhaust air from apartments
Fresh air after ERV to the apartments 23°C
25°C
Exhaust air after ERV to the exterior
Energy exchanger
17°C Atrium Fresh air
ERV_ Energy recovery ventilation
T HOR AI
Winter
Mechanical ventilation 77
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Bienvenido_Hato Nuevo Bienvenido, Dominican Republic, is located in the Haina river basin in Santo Domingo Oeste. Is a community with a high level of poverty, which has not only economic problems, but also has to deal with the flooding of the river. The purpose of this specialty is to develop strategies to improve the living conditions of the inhabitants by providing urban and housing solutions. The task is to propose infrastructural solutions at urban and unit scale. And to design a housing unit that can accommodate individuals, families, and extended families, it has to consider the resources available and to provide a solution to the flood problems. 80
SPECIALTY_02
LOW COST & EMERGENCY HOUSING
Specialty leader Sonia Molina Assistant professors Lucía Navarro Teammates Alejandro Maldonado_ María José Cachau_ Mariana Sandoval 81
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC
SANTO DOMINGO OESTE
BIENVENIDO ESCUELA LICEO PROF. VICTOR PASCUAL AGUERO
6 134 BIENVENIDO POPULATION
1 840 WORK AREA
22 Ha WORK AREA
400 DWELLINGS
92 P/Ha
TEMPERATURE MAX. 33°C MIN. 17°C
Analysis 82
BUS STATION COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS ZONE
ERA COMMUNITY CENTER - LA MERCED FOUNDATION
Urban disposal URBAN DISPOSAL BUILDINGS Buildings
Landscape choregraphy LANDSCAPE CHOREOGRAPHY Emtiness_ opportunity EMPTINESS / OPPORTUNITY AREASareas
USERS BEHAVIOR Users behavior
4.6 PEOPLE/DWELLINGS 4,6 people/dwellings
50 M2/ UN AVERAGE SIZE
1753 MM ANNUAL PRECIPITATTION
URBAN FABRICS Urban Fabrics
URBAN FABRIC CONSOLIDATED Urban fabric consolidated DEGRADED URBAN FABRIC THAT CAN BE Degraded urban fabric _can´t be consolidated Threats analysis CONSOLIDATED THREATS ANALYSIS Degraded urban fabric of high vulnerability_can be DEGRADED URBAN FABRIC OF HIGH HIGH LOW consolidated VULNERABILITY THAT CAN BE CONSOLIDATED DEGRADED URBAN FABRIC OF HIGH Degraded urban fabric high vulnerability_can´t be VULNERABILITY THAT CAN´T BE CONSOLIDATED consolidated
SOCIAL STRATEGIES SOCIAL PROBLEMS
INFRASTRUCTURE STRATEGIES
Social SOCIAL
Urban URBAN
Bienvenido BIENVENIDO
URBAN PROBLEMS
APPROACH
3/ NEIGHBOURHOOD Neighborhood
DWELLING Dwellings
INTERVENTION Intervention
0 EMERGENCY SCENARIO 1 1 Scenario Scenario SCENARIO 2 2
1 URBAN
INFRASTRUCTURE R Infrastructure SOLID WASTE Solid waste ROADS Roads GREEN AREAS Green areas
PHASES 44 Phases
2
3
DWELLING
ELOCATION Relocation REBUILD Rebuild IMPROVEMENT Improvment
Urban strategies 83
Master plan_ urban solutions 84
2
1
EMERGENCY LEVEL Emergency_0 SEVERE EMERGENCY TEMPORARY RELOCATION
LOW EMERGENCY ACOMODATION IN FRIENDS AND FAMILIES HOUSES
ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS Electrical installation
ROADS Roads
2 1
HOUSING Housing
RISKY BOUNDARY Risky boundary NEW LOCATION New location HOUSING HousesTOtoIMPROVE improve
BUS BusROUTE route
Urban lighting
URBAN LIGHTING
Urgency 1 Urgency 2
URGENCY 1
BUS BusSTOP stop
Existing utility poles
EXISTING UTILITY POLES
URGENCY 2
MAIN MainROAD road
New utility poles
NEW UTILITY POLES
TOto RELOCATE FORfor Houses relocate 17 HOUSES HIGH RISK OF FLOODING high risk of flooding
2RY 2ryROADS roads (PERMEABLE)
( permeable)
Urban facilities
Hidro sanitary
GREEN AREAS Green areas
HYDRO-SANITARY
URBAN FACILITIES
SUW COLLECTION SUW collection CENTER center TRADE SCHOOL Trade school COMMUNITY CENTER Community center PRECAST FACTORY Precast factory
SUW collection SUW COLLECTION center CENTER Collection points COLLECTION POINTS Storm system STORM SYSTEM WATER COLLECTOR Water collector SEWER SYSTEM Sewer system SEPTIC TANK Septical tank FILTER WELL filter well
Urban URBAN gardens GARDENS
Phase_1 85
Electrical installation ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS
Urban URBAN lighting LIGHTING NEW NewUTILITY utilityPOLES
poles
Roads ROADS
BusSTOP stop BUS 2RY ROADS 2ry roads ((PERMEABLE) permeable)
Green GREEN areas AREAS
LINEAL PARK
Lineal park SOCCER COURT
AMPHITHEATER soccer court_ amphitheater_ YOLAS DOCK yolas dock
Mangroves MANGROVES BELT belt URBAN Urban GARDENS gardens
Phase_2 86
Housing HOUSING
Hidro sanitary HYDRO-SANITARY
SUW collection SUW COLLECTION CENTER center COLLECTION points POINTS Collection Storm STORM system SYSTEM WATER COLLECTOR Water collector SEWER SYSTEM Sewer system SEPTIC TANK Septical tank FILTERwell WELL filter
MEDIUM DANGER Medium danger BOUNDARY boundary HOUSING to TO improve IMPROVE Houses URGENCY 1 1 Urgency URGENCY 2 2 Urgency HOUSES TOto 67 Houses REBUILD
rebuild
ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS Electrical installation
Urban URBAN lighting LIGHTING New utilityPOLES NEW UTILITY poles
Roads
ROADS
BUS BusROUTE route
BusSTOP stop BUS 2ryROADS roads 2RY
( permeable)
(PERMEABLE)
Housing
HOUSING
HOUSING HousesTO toIMPROVE improve
Urgency URGENCY 1 URGENCY 2 Urgency
1 2
GREEN AREAS Green areas
HYDRO-SANITARY Hidro sanitary
Storm system STORM SYSTEM WATER COLLECTOR Water collector SEWER SYSTEM Sewer system SEPTIC TANK Septical tank FILTER WELL filter well
Urban facilities
SUW SUW
URBAN FACILITIES
URBAN Urban GARDENS gardens
Trade school TRADE SCHOOL expansion EXPANSION LOCAL MARKET Local market
SUW collection SUW COLLECTION CENTER center CollectionPOINTS COLLECTION points
Phase_3 87
88
STRATEGIES
A
SCENARIO Scenario FROM SHELTER TO HOUSE From shelter to house
Structural frama + roof for future house STRUCTURAL FRAME + ROOFING FOR FUTURE HOUSE GOOD MATERIALSfor FOR RE -USE [use ofQUALITY quality materials re-use]
RELOCATION
1_ Shelter SHELTER
REBUILD 2_ Permanent PERMANENT
3_ Evolution EVOLUTION
B
Scenario SCENARIO SIMBIOTIChouse HOUSE Symbiotic
IMPROVE
ADITIONALmodules MODULESgrowing GROWING EVOLUTION Additional evolution unitUNTIL THEold OLD HOUSE ==REPLACE replace the house
BATHROOM module MODULE Bathroom
BATHROOM + + KITCHEN Bathroom kitchen MODULE module
Bathroom kitchen ++ BATHROOM + + KITCHEN LIVING space SPACE living
89
2
A
Scenario BEGINING Base STRUCTURE structure
1 1 USER
User
Different configurations
KITCHEN BATHROOM BATHROOM KITCHEN
GROWING PROCESS - FLEXIBILITY
KITCHEN KITCHEN BATHROOM BATHROOM
HIGH FLOOR + 3.00m HIGH FLOOR + 3.00m
+3.00 m
ROOM 1 ROOM 1 TYPOLOGY 1 TYPOLOGY 1 +3.00 m
+-0.00 m
HIGH FLOOR + 3.00m HIGH FLOOR + 3.00m TYPOLOGY 1 TYPOLOGY 1
HIGH FLOOR 3.00m + 3.00m HIGH+FLOOR TYPOLOGY 1 TYPOLOGY 1
+-0.00 m
GROUND F LOOR +0.00m GROUND F LOOR +0.00m TYPOLOGY 1 TYPOLOGY 1
GROUNDGROUND F LOOR +0.00m F LOOR +0.00m TYPOLOGY 1 TYPOLOGY 1
Housing strategies 90
3-4
3-4
FREESPACE GROUND FFREESPACE LOOR +0.00m GROUND F LOOR +0.00m TYPOLOGY 1 TYPOLOGY 1
FREESPACE FREESPACE
ROOM 1 ROOM 1
KITCHEN KITCHEN BATHROOM BATHROOM
+-0.00 m+-0.00
KITCHEN BATHROOM BATHROOM KITCHEN
+3.00 m +3.00 m
FREESPACE +-0.00 m+-0.00 m FREESPACE
ROOM 1ROOM 1
COMMON LIVING SPACES Common living spaces CIRCULATION ++ circulations
ROOMS
+3.00 m +3.00 m
3-4 3-4
+3.00 m +3.00 m GROWING PROCESS - FLEXIBILITY
PRIVATEspaces SPACES Private
+-0.00 m+-0.00 m
GROWING PROCESS - FLEXIBILITY
2
11 USERS User
3-4 3-4
+3.00 m +3.00 m
GROWING PROCESS - FLEXIBILITY
2
33 USERS User
SERVER SPACES Server spaces WETareas AREAS wet
KITCHEN KITCHEN BATHROOM BATHROOM
2
3-4 3-4 USERS Users
66 USERS User
55 USERS Users
2
22 USERS Users
ROOM 1ROOM 1
FREES +-0.00 m+-0.00 m FREESPACE
ROOM 2ROOM 2
KITCHEN KITCHENBATHROOM BATHROOM
HIGH FLOOR +3.00m HIGH FLOOR +3.00m
+3.00 m
FREESPACE GROUND FFREESPACE LOOR +0.00m GROUND F LOOR +0.00m TYPOLOGY 1 TYPOLOGY 1
ROOM 1 TYPOLOGY ROOM12 ROOM 1 ROOM12 TYPOLOGY
+3.00 m
+-0.00 m
HIGH FLOOR +3.00m HIGH FLOOR +3.00m TYPOLOGY 1 TYPOLOGY 1 ROOM 1 ROOM 1 ROOM 2 ROOM 2
HIGH FLOOR HIGH+3.00m FLOOR +3.00m TYPOLOGY 1 TYPOLOGY 1
+-0.00 m
GROUND F LOOR +0.00m GROUND F LOOR +0.00m TYPOLOGY 1 TYPOLOGY 1 FREESPACE FREESPACE
GROUNDGROUND F LOOR +0.00m F LOOR +0.00m TYPOLOGY 1 TYPOLOGY 1
6
KITCHEN KITCHEN BATHROOM BATHROOM
6
+3.00 m
6
+3.00 m
+-0.00 m
6
ROOM 1 ROOM 1 ROOM 2 ROOM 2
6
KITCHEN KITCHEN
+-0.00 m
1
FREESPACE FREESPACE GROUND F LOOR +0.00m GROUND F LOOR +0.00m ROOMROOM 3TYPOLOGY TYPOLOGY 13 1
+-0.00 +-0.00 m m
HIGH FLOOR 3.00m + 3.00m HIGH+FLOOR TYPOLOGY 1 TYPOLOGY 1 ROOMROOM 1 1
ROOMROOM 2 2
HIGHHIGH FLOOR FLOOR + 3.00m + 3.00m TYPOLOGY TYPOLOGY 1 1
1
GROUNDGROUND F LOOR +0.00m F LOOR +0.00m TYPOLOGY 1 TYPOLOGY 1 FREESPACE FREESPACE
GROUND GROUND F LOOR F LOOR +0.00m +0.00m TYPOLOGY TYPOLOGY 1 1
+3.00 m
+-0.00 m
KITCHEN KITCHEN BATHROOM BATHROOM
ROOM 3 ROOM 3 FREESPACE FREESPACE
1
HIGH FLOOR 3.00m + 3.00m HIGH+FLOOR ROOM 1 ROOM +3.00 m +3.00 m1 ROOM TYPOLOGY 12 ROOM12 TYPOLOGY
+3.00 m
+3.00 m
+-0.00 m
BATHROOM BATHROOM
KITCHEN KITCHEN BATHROOM BATHROOM
ROOM 3 ROOM 3
1
+3.00 m
1
+-0.00 m
KITCHEN KITCHEN BATHROOM BATHROOM
+3.00 m
6
1
+3.00 m
+-0.00 m
ROOM 1 ROOM 1
KITCHEN KITCHEN
POSIBILITY FO POS FREE REN
+-0.00 m RENT
BATHROOM BATHROOM
HIGH FLOOR 3.00m + 3.00m HIGH+FLOOR TYPOLOGY 1 TYPOLOGY 1
FREESPACE FREESPACE GROUND F LOOR +0.00 GROUND F LOO TYPOLOGY 1 FOR 1 TYPOLOGY POSIBILITY POSIBILITY FOR
ROOM 1 ROOM 1
+3.00 m+3.00 m
+-0.00 m +-0.00 m
RENT RENT
HIGH FLOOR 3.00m + 3.00m HIGH+FLOOR TYPOLOGY 1 TYPOLOGY 1 ROOMROOM 1 1
HIGHHIGH FLOOR FLOOR + 3.00m + 3.00m TYPOLOGY TYPOLOGY 1 1
GROUNDGROUND F LOOR +0.00m F LOOR +0.00m TYPOLOGY 1 TYPOLOGY 1 FREESPACE FREESPACE
GROUND GROUND F LOOR F LOOR +0.00m +0.00m TYPOLOGY TYPOLOGY 1 1
B
Scenario Minimum modules for improvment BATHROOM MODULE
KITCHEN MODULE
Housing strategies 91
Constructive process
92
93
Campamento The new Campamento district The Extremadura highway (A5) is the backbone of the neighborhoods that extend to the southwest of Madrid, in the Latina district: BatĂĄn, Puerta del Ă ngel, Aluche, Campamento, Cuatro Vientos, which are the neighborhoods that have developed around this main road. In the middle of the 19th century, the military barracks were built, which gave the Campamento district its name. Therefore, the landscape of the Campamento is characterized by the A5 highway and the barracks. The project aims to replace the obsolete spaces of the barracks and transform them into an urban development where the project must s improve the context, accessibility, mobility, and scale. 94
SPECIALTY_03 URBAN DESIGN & LANDSCAPE
Specialty leader José María Ezquiaga Assistant professors Gemma Peribáñez_ Valentina Mion Teammates Juan E. Duque_ Luis Rivera_ Mariam Ghaznavi_ Mariana Sandoval 95
Campamento_ master plan 96
The urban project is a combination of two different aspects. On one side of the A5, is characterized as a response to a more natural landscape, and on the other side of the road, which is more connected to the city, the project follows an urban perspective.
Campamento_Latina Madrid
A5 Highway
Accesibility
Density diversity & mix
Autonomus mobility network
Bicycle network
Water Harvestation
Green connections
Interior green areas and agriculure fields
Urban strategies 97
High-density side 98
The high-density zone is intended for various urban facilities. It consists of blocks organized in the form of superblocks to reduce car traffic and promote alternative forms of mobility. The layout is a mixture of different uses, between services, offices, shops, apartments and central green spaces.
99
The low-density area consists of single-family houses and small buildings. In which the blocks have central green spaces and areas that promote urban agriculture. On this side of the development, next to the steam, there is a considerable area for agriculture and greenhouses. The master plan design attempts to improve and expand the network of bicycle tracks.
100
Low-density side 101
Fatis_Algeria The specialty focuses on connecting thermodynamics and ecology to architecture to find potential design strategies that bridge the void between quantitative and qualitative approaches. In contrast to current energy approaches in architecture based on quantitative analysis, the module builds a bridge between energy and architecture by exploring those disciplinary parameters - such as spatial and material structure, program or perception - that are specifically linked to the material and atmospheric performativity of architecture. In the first part, the territorial dimension of architecture is examined, highlighting the links between territorial manipulation and climate change. The second part deals with the connections between the human body and an elementary architectural space. The third part examines the architectural links between this space and the outdoor climate. Finally, it will end with a collective housing project to test how these ideas can be implemented. 102
SPECIALTY_04
ENERGY & SUSTAINABILITY
Specialty leader Javier García - Germán Teammates Mariam Ghaznavi_ Mariana Sandoval_ Mehdi Gharibi 103
Understanding the building typologies is a useful tool to bridge the gap between the local climate and specific everyday patterns. It offers the possibility to connect the spatial and material lineaments with specific physiological and psychological behaviors, thus bridging the gulf between the thermodynamic processes induced by architecture and the everyday behavior of the inhabitants.
Summer
Winter
Ground floor_ summer day
First floor_ summer night
Every day life_typical dwellings 104
Ground floor_ winter day
First floor_ winter night
Day
Night
Day
Night
Connect the climate with social patterns, local lifestyles, the way people dress, or the way architecture is inhabited. Gives the possibility to define the interaction between sources and sinks, which is necessary to create certain atmospheric situations.
Everyday life_sources & sinks 105
Design strategies
Recessed west facade
-P
+P
Plantation on the west side
Composite structure stone base wall thickness concrete wall adobe cladding lime plaster
Green screens Travertine_ terracotta floors
Elemental space_summer 106
Straw_ fiber blinds
Sumerged ground floor and patio
Design strategies
Sunken patios on the south side
Palm/fabric screen in multiple openings
Layers of materials will increase the absorbtion time of heat
Partially sumerged living room
Rugs to keep the rooms warms
Drawnlclosed openings to retain heat
Elemental space_winter 107
Once the elemental space is clear, it is possible to propose a series of different elements that follow the guidelines and strategies of the whole to improve the general climatic conditions. In the case of the project, the main elements that dictate the global design are the use of the water system (foggara) and vegetation to achieve microclimates that improve the external conditions of inhabiting an extreme environment as the desert.
108
109
January _ october
2020.
Master in Collective Housing 2020 edition MCH Directors Dr. José María de Lapuerta Andrea Deplazes MCH Manager Rosario Segado
Portfolio 110
Contact e-mail: info@mchmaster.com phone:+34 910 674 860 Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura de Madrid Avda. Juan Herrera 4. 28040, Madrid. Spain