Education in africa and sustainable way of designing of school buildings AYS-1406 African Architecture and Urban Planning tampere university of technology, school of architecture teacher: Liwata Marie-Alphonse year: 2012 student: Zdenฤ k Hromรกdka ctu in prague, faculty of architecture resources: works of Francis Kere
place of interest: Burkina Faso
Position of the school: Burkina Faso, Ouagadougou - capital city weather in the area: rainy weather for 4 month per year, rest of the year is dry weather from Sahara sun postion: sunrise 6 a.m. sunset 6 p.m.
way of education African school design according with african culture and ways of behavior Education in africa Number of analphabets: in Middle part of Africa is about 50% Education in Africa is main brake of African continent. Many wars and problems are caused by bad informations and laying. People believe who is able to speak for big mass of people. Only small part of poplulation of Africa know real reason what and why happen. It’s quiet similar to europe during Mideavel. Almost all information was provided by kings or priests. In Africa is one difference. After the end of colony governments didn’t end providing information by small group of people, Only the group of people was changed. Number of literate people didn’t grow fast and it was ideal place for people who wanted to have power. one thing is that people didn’t like way of teaching brought from Europe. It was connected with past unfriendly government. Only right way how to bring education to Africa is learn african people african ways. Way of thinking - analysis of behavior: African people are full of life, full of energy and the way of behaving is different. They haven´t strict rules as European people. They are more connected with nature and basic natural rules. They aren´t restricted by modern society´s rules. -european classical way of teaching (Johann Friedrich Herbart): -chairs and table in rows and columns = shape of rectangle -silence -teacher is above the pupils -people are part of big mass of population with no personal importance -african principles useful for teaching: -natural shape for almost everything, bottles, houses, sun, is circle -people are able to talk, they shouldn´t be silence, it´s difference between -older people can advise you as equal person -everyone is important for its family, isn´t just unknown part of society -What could be bring to african society: - people should have freedom and human rights and don’t depend on their gender
The site the place was choosen by these main point: outskirt area of the city with no grid structure place with no many on the edge of society
orientation of the site
material for the building: native material
new materials
clay bricks
steel sheet +easy to build + good protection against water -overheating under it
+material everywhere -needs water
concrete +easy transport +strenght - needs a lot of water
bulrush +nice strucutre + light material + protection against sun - water resistance -short period for use
wooden stick + just collect material - impossible to have nice straight wood
way of building
clay bricks - mine for soil, with source of water - wooden form for bricks -drying by sun
urban analysis of the place
structure of the streets: - grid structure:
European type of architecture
-self-growing structure:
African style of architecture, important point for design new building
basic concept of the design position - on the important public space, crossing of the roads on poten tional good public spaces circle - basic shape for nature. education is basic in these days shape of importance all people go to the centre of the circle entrance - open public space, the safest place today clear shape, easy entrance and exit from building orientation by street grid
compare with native buildings entrance - safe place, place protected by stones and shape of landscape
My ideas -more details
Concept My basic ideas came from native buildings and their basic shapes. During my first analysis I designed new type of house based on ideas of old village houses. Base ideas and base shape were strongly connected together for me. 1.Circle Basic shape of the Africa, easy to build, easy to measure precision only by line. It protects the biggest space with the smallest amount of material for built. Important for social meaning. Everyone is as near to the centre as others. It protects against fights and violence and mainly its basic shape for group of people. It’s natural shape which we can see everywhere, on trees, grass, moon...
can cities, I decided to rethink my ideas. People have no reason to build circle buildings. They are used to live in rectengular buidings. So I decided to combine these 2 oposite structures. My solution of this problem is to made circle shape as central point, symbol of native african society, meeting point and as reminder of history, because history is base of future. Rest of buiding is rised up from the circle. I divided the area by 3 cubic volumes contain 4 smaller classrooms for 24 pupils each and one bigger classroom for 54 pupils, which can be used as a place for presentation for other people from sorounding area.
Circle is the base of the building and connection all inside and outside parts of the school together.
These volumes divided the site into 3 same open areas. The first should works as a public space and helps to create small square for all people around. I want to connect the school with life of the area, with people around. the second and the third are used as semi-public spaces for pupils for games and outdoor education during period of good weather.
2.Division
3.Cover of the school
At the beginnig I wanted to continue in circle architecture. When i saw recent architecture on districts of Afri-
All my ideas are closely connected with ideas of Francis Kere, Architect who studied in Berlin and was born in Burkina Faso.
I decided to create gap between volume and roof for better circulation of cold and hot air . Moving air is able to cool the classrooms and protect them against hot air. Central part of the roof is one meter higher for to reasons. the first is to make idea of circle in the middle more creal and the second is again for better cooling of the space under roof. 4.Materials Basic material which are used by africa people are clay brick and currugated iron. So I decided to used them. The brick is easy to produce and currugated iron is good protection against water and good material for human transportation. Other materials used for buildings are steel bars and small amount of concrete as a base of the light steel roof. All materials are common for this area. People are able to work with them without troubles. The most used material is clay and brick made of clay, which can be use from the nearest place with enough water.
concept of the building
environmental principles heat
1.circle - basic africa shape
extrusion of basic shape free space in the middle
-gap between currageted iron sheet and roof of the classes for good cooling -the roof rises toward the end for easy move of the hot air
water
2.3 different places - yellow -public, entrance -green - semi-public, free place for children from school
middle part rise up -most important place -meeting point -entrance to the school
basic shape of building
- roof goes town toward central circle -catching water to the reservoir in the basement of the building( plynth) protection against water during rainy period sun
- overlaping roof provides shadow - central circle illuminated indirectly by sun from sides and from upper circle
situation 1:1000
1:500 basic function
ground plan 1:250
cross section 1:250
view 1:250
way of build 1. plynth made of clay or clay bricks
3.loadbearing system of the roof made of concrete passes and steel bars
2. wall made of clay bricks
4. currugated steel sheets as the roof
view from north-west
view from the semi-public space to the circle
west view
view into the circle -west
general view