INDEX O. INTRODUCTION:
1. NUTRITION: FOOD AND NUTRIENTS
2. THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
3. THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM (BREATHING)
4. BLOOD CIRCULATION
5. URINATION
6. CONCEPT MAP
O. INTRODUCTION: (AUDIO) Our body needs nutrients and oxygen to live and grow. We obtain nutrients from food, and oxygen from the air. The digestive system gives us the nutrients we need and the respiratory system obtains oxygen from the air. NUTRIENTS are combined with oxygen to give us energy. 1. NUTRITION: FOOD AND NUTRIENTS - Food: Food enters our body through the digestive system. Food is important because: It gives us energy. We need energy to grow and repair our body. We need substances to make our body function properly. -Nutrients: Food contains nutrients. There are six types of nutrients: Carbohydrates: give us a lot of energy. Proteins: we need proteins to grow and repair. Fats: double the energy of proteins and carbohydrates. Vitamins and minerals to help our body work properly. Water: We lose 2 litres of water every day from urine and sweat. EXERCISES: 1. Name the six types of nutrients. 2. How much water do we lose from our body each day?
2. THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM The digestive system has 3 major functions: Digest food. Absorb nutrients. Expel undigested waste. - The Alimentary Canal: The alimentary canal is a long tube that runs through the body. It consists of several organs: mouth, pharynx, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine and anus. - Digestive Glands: Our digestive glands produce digestive juices and release them inside the alimentary canal. Some digestive glands are microscopic. They are found on the walls of the stomach and small intestine. Other digestive glands are bigger. The salivary glands produce saliva, the liver produces bile, and the pancreas produces pancreatic juices. EXERCISE: 1. What are the three (3) functions of the digestive system?
-Digestion: is the process of transforming the food we eat into the nutrients for our body. -
Start in the mouth. Moves into the stomach. Continues in the small intestine.
-Types of Digestion: -
Mechanical Digestion. Chemical Digestion.
EXERCISE: 1. What is digestion? 3. THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM (BREATHING) The respiratory system is the group of organs through which we are able to inhale oxygen, and exhale carbon dioxide.
3.1. Keeping our lungs healthy. (AUDIO) We need to inhale clean air for our respiratory system to work properly. If there is less oxygen in the air, we have difficulties in breathing. Smoking is a bad habit. Cigarette smoke is a very dangerous pollutant. It contains toxic gases and substances that can cause cancer. Cigarettes also contain an addictive drug called nicotine. 4. BLOOD CIRCULATION The circulatory system has two (2) important functions: -
Transports nutrients and oxygen to all the cells in our body. It collects the waste products that the cells produce.
The circulatory system consists of the heart, blood vessels and blood. The heart is the organ that pumps blood to all the cells in our body.
5. URINATION The urinary system is the group of organs that expels waste products from our body. The urinary system consists of the kidneys, the ureters, the bladder and the urethra. The kidneys extract water and waste products from the blood. This liquid is called Urine. EXERCISE: 1. What do the kidneys do?
6. CONCEPT MAP
DIGESTIVE
RESPIRATORY
CIRCULATORY
URINARY
SYSTEM
SYSTEM
SYSTEM
SYSTEM