IN ARCHITECTURE In an age where classic building styles are as popular as new ones, it’s important to have a broad overview of what separates the two. Contemporary architecture, then, generally recognized as a movement where few, if any, traditional building methods ornamentation features are used. It’s also one of architectural movements to embrace completely new building methods, and forms that are based more functionality than style. Contemporary architecture is broad-ranging, the term usually refers exclusively to homes, buildings for other purposes are classified according to their particular style. For example, a downtown office building might fit within the contemporary movement, still be art-deco, or internationally styled.
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MODERN VERSUS CONTEMPORARY What is architecture doing in the present moment? That is contemporary. Today’s trends see many builder focusing green designs, with larger projects seeking leed certification.
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RECYCLE HOME Heating is one of the major energy consumers in the home. No matter what kind of system you have, the following tips will help keep your home heating energy consumption in check.
C1 ROMAN PINCHLER
MINIMAL PRODUCT Than trying to create the perfect product, we follow the motto “get it out, then get it right.” Note that the product’s quality must be high from the start.
D1 JACKIE CRAVEN
NEW URBANISM The Congress for the New Urbanism is a loosely formed group of architects, builders, developers, landscape architects, engineers, planners, real estate professions.
CONTEMPORARY ARCHITECTURE HAS HELPED PRODUCE SOME OF TODAY’S POPULAR BUILDING STYLES. STRUCTURES FROM SINGLE FAMILY HOMES TO DOWNTOWN OFFICE BUILDINGS ARE BUILT IN CONTEMPORARY STYLES, AND MOST OF WHICH LOOK AS FRESH TODAY AS THEY DID DECADES AGO.
KELLY BENNETT Contemporary architecture is, in many ways, a catch-all to describe modern styles that share a variety of features and haven’t classified. The term “contemporary” is also slightly inaccurate, as it can refer to buildings 70 or 80 years old. But in an age where classic building styles are as popular as new ones, it’s important to have a broad overview of what separates the two. Contemporary architecture, then, generally recognized as a movement where few, if any, traditional building methods ornamentation features are used. It’s also one of architectural movements to embrace completely new building methods, and forms that are based more functionality than style. Contemporary architecture is broad-ranging, the term usually refers exclusively to homes, buildings for other purposes are classified according to their particular style. For
example, a downtown office building might fit within the contemporary movement, still be art-deco, or internationally styled. The main reason for this is contemporary architecture’s focus on functionality as opposed to design. For example, homes can be modified a number of ways to work better for their occupants, but office buildings with new, unprecedented features are generally seen as having abandoned functionality. If you notice a contemporary-styled home it’s usually because one or several of the movement’s common attributes is apparent. The most common things about this style people notice are usually a mixture of wall materials, like stone, brick, and wood, all combined on the same surface. Exposed wood beams, and an abundance of glass are other common characteristics of these homes. Shape-wise, contemporary homes can often be identified by flat roofs, split levels, and large overhangs.
THE BIGGEST FACTOR INFLUENCING CONTEMPORARY ARCHITECTURE IS PROBABLY HOME BUILDING TECHNOLOGY AS THIS EVOLVES, IT’LL BE INTERESTING TO SEE HOW THE STYLE CHANGES.
CONTEMPORARY STYLE IS SIMPLE CLEAN AND OFFERS AN UNCLUTTERED LOOK
MODERN DESIGN WAS EVOLVED IN 1920S AND WAS DRASTICALLY SOUGH TO SIMPLIFY THE VICTORIAN STYLE. CONTEMPORARY DESIGN WAS EVOLVED MANY YEARS LATER AND HAS ITSELF FOCUSED ON VARIETY AND COMFORT. Modern design is simple and sober and features minimal accessories. The modern design is characterized with angular frames, low profiles, geometric and abstract patterns in textiles, upholstery as well as in artwork. Natural materials like linen, leather and teak wood are mostly used. The lines are unembellished as well as straight. In modern design, the furniture is often raised from the floor with the help of legs in order to create an airy and open atmosphere. Colors used in modern design are neutral shades that are highlighted with splashes of color. Walls are generally cream and white in color. Floors are mostly made of cement or bare wood. In addition, sculptures and paintings
are used as an integral part of modern design. As contemporary design deals with “the present moment�, the style of the design is of the day. Contemporary design is known to feature reflective surfaces, clean and sleek lines, innovative graphical patterns, unusual colors, rounded forms, and asymmetrical designs. One has the liberty to play with colors and patterns in contemporary design. Lots of polished marble, Lucite and stainless steel details are embedded in the design. The other materials used in contemporary design are recycled materials and variations of chrome, plastic and plaster. The tenets of contemporary style are open ended. As a result, new colors and pieces can be incorporated over time.
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CONTEMPORARY STYLE IS SIMPLE CLEAN AND OFFERS AN UNCLUTTERED LOOK
modern in architecture and design indicates exact time period in our design history 20th century.
Have you ever wondered what makes a home “modern” versus “contemporary”? Many people use these terms interchangeably, but that can lead to confusion when a home is listed for sale. The label “modern” in architecture and design indicates an exact time period in our design history during the 20th century. Modern design came into its own in the 1920’s and 30’s and strongly reflects the new technology and advances in engineering. This means it relies heavily on mechanized design. Let’s look at some “modern” design elements that will make this style easily identified. First, “form follows function” in modern architecture. This means that what an object’s purpose is determines what form it will take. Modern design plays heavily on vertical and horizontal lines. /A1
What is architecture doing in the present moment? That is contemporary. Today’s trends see many builder focusing on green designs, with larger projects seeking leed certification. Smart growth architects are looking for ways for homes.
Photo Marios Michael
Written Carla Hill
MODERN/CONTEMPORARY >What was once modern, is always modern. Contemporary on the other hand, is an ever changing term. >Is used to define what is trendy and in style now. Of course 20 years from now, something entirely different will be contemporary.
Have you ever wondered what makes a home “modern” versus “contemporary”? Many people use these terms interchangeably, but that can lead to confusion when a home is listed for sale. The label “modern” in architecture and design indicates an exact time period in our design history during the 20th century. Modern design came into its own in the 1920’s and 30’s and strongly reflects the new technology and advances in engineering. This means it relies heavily on mechanized design. Let’s look at some “modern” design elements that will make this style easily identified. First, “form follows function” in modern architecture. This means that what an object’s purpose is determines what form it will take. Modern design plays heavily on vertical and horizontal lines. The frilly and ornamental nature of previous styles was pushed aside for the clean lines and new utilitarian aesthetic. Photo Marios Michael
Written Carla Hill
MODERN IN ARCHITECTURE + DESIGN INDICATES EXACT TIME PERIOD IN OUR DESIGN HISTORY 20TH CENTURY.
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First, “form follows function” modern architecture. This means that what an object’s purpose is determines what form it will take.
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Photo Marios Michael
Written Carla Hill
THE FRILLY AND ORNAMENTAL NATURE OF PREVIOUS STYLES WAS PUSHED ASIDE FOR THE CLEAN LINES AND NEW UTILITARIAN AESTHETIC.
Have you ever wondered what makes a home “modern” versus “contemporary”? Many people use these terms interchangeably, but that can lead to confusion when a home is listed for sale. The label “modern” in architecture and design indicates an exact time period in our design history during the 20th century. Modern design came into its own in the 1920’s and 30’s and strongly reflects the new technology and advances in engineering. This means it relies heavily on mechanized design. Let’s look at some “modern” design elements that will make this style easily identified. First, “form follows function” in modern architecture. This means that what an object’s purpose is determines what form it will take. Modern design plays heavily on vertical and horizontal lines. The frilly and ornamental nature of previous styles was pushed aside for the clean lines and new utilitarian aesthetic.
Frank Lloyd Wright, known for his brilliant cantilever designs, was one of the most well-known modern architects. His famous “fallingwater” house in rural Pennsylvania is a great example of modern work.What’s important to remember is that modern style doesn’t change. What was once modern, is always “modern.” Contemporary, on the other hand, is an ever changing term. It is used to define what is trendy and in style now. Of course ... 20 years from now, something entirely different will be contemporary. What is architecture doing in the present moment? That is contemporary. Today’s trends see many builder focusing on green designs, with larger projects seeking leed certification. Smart growth architects are looking for ways for homes. There are buyers who are looking for one or the other in their design. By marketing your home with the write terms, you’ll be sure to attract buyers more likely to put in an offer.
The label “modern” in architecture and design indicates an exact time period in our design history during the 20th century.
ITEMS SUCH AS KITCHEN APPLIANCES, MOBILE PHONES COMPUTERS TV’S ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC TOOLS CAN ALL BE EITHER RECYCLED OR REUSED.
Electrical waste is the fastest waste stream in the UK. Around 1 million tonnes generated every year.
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Recycling is environmentally friendly unwanted electricals and electronics can be recycled and contain really valuable raw materials. Recycle Now has a handy postcode locator to find your nearest recycling centre that accepts waste electricals.
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Some retailers offer free recycling schemes or take back options. Ask your local retailer for more information.
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Every 7kg of electricals bought last year average amount per person only a fraction (1.3kg) was sent to be recycled
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On average, each person in the UK buys three new electrical items each year or 173 million nationally. About 80% of what Americans throw away is recyclable, yet our recycling rate is only 28%.
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>SAVING ENERGY IN THE HOME CAN HELP YOU KEEP COSTS DOWN. IN MANY CASES, ENERGY EFFICIENCY IS THE RESULT OF PROPER MAINTENANCE.
Not only will your home be more energy efficient but also less vulnerable to some hazards and insurance claims. There are countless actions you can take around the home to cut back on your energy consumption. Here are a few suggestions to consider.
Photo Marios Michael
Written WWW.MELOCHEMONNEX.COM
Open the drapes blinds and let the sun in during the day to help warm the home and close them when the sun goes down.
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Heating is one of the major energy consuers in the home. No matter what kind of system you have, the following tips will help keep your home heating energy consumption in check.
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HEATING YOUR HOME
KEEP THE HEAT IN! 01/ Keep the heat in! Improve your home’s insulation and make it more airtight while ensuring there is proper ventilation. Caulking and weather stripping are inexpensive ways to reduce air leakage from you home. 02/ Open the drapes/blinds and let the sun in during the day to help warm the home and close them when the sun goes down. 03/ Regular maintenance of your heating system is important for both efficiency and safety. Make sure it is done once a year. 04/ Clean or replace your furnace filter at least every three months during the heating season. Photo Marios Michael
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CLEAN YOUR ROOM AIR CONDITIONER FILTER AT LEAST ONCE A SESSON. A DIRTY AIR FILTER IS LESS EFFICIENT AND MAY DAMAGE THE UNIT.
Improving air circulation
Air conditioners
Make sure nothing such as furniture, televisions or curtains is blocking your heating vents. Use ceiling fans to help circulate heat throughout the house.
Clean your room air conditioner filter at least once a season. A dirty air filter is less efficient and may damage the unit.
One placed near a gas fireplace will push valuable hot air down into the living area. Keep your basement fairly warm. The heat will rise to the other levels of your home.
A poorly functioning air conditioner should be serviced immediately: leaking refrigerant is very harmful to the environment.
The faucets
Close the chimney damper whenever you’re not using the fireplace.Vacuum dust and pet hair out of your warm air registers.
Dripping faucets waste water. Hot water from a dripping tap could fill more than 15 bathtubs in a month!
The thermostat
In the bathroom
According to Natural Resources Canada by installing a programmable thermostat, you can save two percent on your heating bill for each degree Celsius you lower the thermostat.
A bathroom fan with automatic humidity sensors. The fan runs long enough to remove excess moisture then turns itself off to save electricity. Consider installing low flow showerheads
Lowering the thermostat at bedtime before leaving the house reduces your energy consumption without affecting your comfort.
About fireplaces Traditional wood fireplaces draw valuable heat out of the house, while gas fireplaces with sealed units maximize heat use. Tightly fitted glass doors and outdoor air intakes help improve fireplace efficiency. /B5
In the laundry area When using the washing machine, always adjust the water level to the size of your load. Wash your clothes in cold water and save up 90% of the energy used (which goes toward heating water),
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Photo Marios Michael
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PERCENT OF YOUR COOKING ENERGY COSTS WHEN USE A MICROWAVE OVEN INSTEAD CONVENTIONAL OVEN.
In the kitchen You save up to 50 percent of your cooking energy costs when you use a microwave oven instead of conventional oven and you don’t add unwanted heat to your kitchen. Similarly, a toaster oven uses much less energy than a conventional oven. Make sure air can circulate freely around it this makes it even more energy efficient. For efficiency, use the right pot size for the stove element you cooking. Use lids on your pots to keep in heat and reduce cooking time. Electric kettles heat water more efficiently than stove-top models. Cleaning your kettle with boiling water, vinegar removes mineral deposits that reduce its energy efficiency. Use your gas barbecue in hot weather to avoid heating up your home. Don’t keep the water running while you are washing or rinsing dishes. Buy energy efficiency appliances. Look for the energy star symbol.
SCHOOLS OF CONTEMPORARY ART AND MUSIC, WITH THEIR ORIGINS IN THE 1960S, THAT HAVE EMPHASIZED SIMPLICITY AND OBJECTIVITY.
Generally, minimalist compositions tend to emphasize simplicity in melodic line and harmonic progression,
MINIMALISM FACTS Reacting against the formal excesses and raw emotionalism of abstract expressionism, the practitioners of minimal art (also sometimes called ABC art) strove to focus attention on the object as an object, reducing its historical and expressive content to the bare minimum. Many minimalist artists were sculptors concerned with reducing form to its utmost simplicity. They used flat surface colors, and industrial materials. The use of repetitions contributed to their goal. Artists such as Carl Andre, Sol LeWitt, Robert Morris, Richard Serra, Donald Judd, and Dan Flavin were associated with the movement. The exhibition “Primary Structures,� held in New York in 1966, spotlighted works of this
school. Minimalism gave rise to process art, land art, performance art, conceptual art, and installation art. In music, the minimalist movement was, like minimal art, a reaction against a then current form, with composers rejecting many of the dry intellectual complexities and the emotional sterility of serial music and other modern forms. Generally, minimalist compositions tend to emphasize simplicity in melodic line and harmonic progression, to stress repetition rhythmic patterns, and to reduce historical or expressive reference.
TO CREATE A NEW PRODUCT, WE HAVE TO PEEK INTO THE FUTURE AND STATE WHAT WE BELIEVE OUR PRODUCT WILL ROUGHLY LOOK LIKE AND DO.
Than trying to create the perfect product, we follow the motto “get it out, then get it right.” Note that the product’s quality must be high from the start.
To create a new product, we have to peek into the future and state what we believe our product will roughly look like and do. For anyone not blessed with perfect foresight, predicting the future correctly is notoriously difficult. After all, the only thing certain about the future is that it is uncertain! No market research technique can deliver a forecast that is 100 percent accurate. And in the case of disruptive innovations, it’s not possible at all to make a sound prediction, as Clayton Christensen observes in his book The Innovator’s Dilemma: “Markets that do not exist cannot be analyzed.” Investing in a new product always involves risk. We may have targeted the wrong market segment, envisioned the wrong product or the wrong features, or the market may have changed by the time the product is launched. /C1
Envisioning a lean minimal product with the smallest possible feature set is a great strategy to minimise the investment risk. I refer to such a product as the minimal marketable. It contains just enough functionality to be viable to launch, market and sell the product successfully. a minimal product is quicker and cheaper than a more ambitious, feature rich one.
Photo Marios Michael
Written Roman Pinchler
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less time and money is lost. If it is a success, the product will earn money sooner. Additionally, a minimal product allows us to receive feedback earlier, so we adapt the product quicker to the market response. Rather than trying to create the perfect product, we follow the motto “get it out, then get it right.” Note that the product’s quality must be high from the start. Otherwise, it will be difficult to adapt the product; bugs may hinder its adoption or even damage the brand. /C3
NO MARKET RESEARCH TECHNIQUE CAN DELIVER A FORECAST THAT IS 100 PERCENT ACCURATE. AND IN THE CASE OF DISRUPTIVE INNOVATIONS, NOT POSSIBLE AT ALL TO MAKE A SOUND PREDICTION, AS CLAYTON CHRISTENSEN OBSERVES IN HIS BOOK THE INNOVATOR’S DILEMMA “MARKETS THAT DO NOT EXIST CANNOT BE ANALYZED.” Written Roman Pinchler
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MINIMAL VIABLE PRODUCTS AND MINIMAL MARKETABLE FEATURE SETS.
“Words are but sound and fury,” says Macbeth, and there are several similar but confusing terms to denote minimal products. Mark Denne and Jane Cleland-Huang coined the term minimal marketable feature set in their book Software by Numbers to denote the smallest amount of functionality creating value for a customer. As I view a product as more than a set of individual features, I prefer to talk about minimal products rather than minimal feature sets. The idea of quickly delivering a small set of features and enhancing the software incrementally dates back to Tom Gilb’s evolutionary delivery method Photo Marios Michael
developed in the 1980s. Eric Ries has more recently popularized the term minimal viable product, which he defines as “the product that allows a team to collect the maximum amount of validated learning about customers with the least effort.” Based on this definition, the minimal marketable product may or may not be the minimal viable one. It could be, for instance, an alpha or beta version or even a throwaway prototype, such as a mock landing page. But, the core idea is the same: Quickly launch an initial product to learn from the market response, then adapt the product accordingly.
Written Roman Pinchler
Otherwise, it will be difficult to adapt the product bugs may hinder its adoption or even damage the brand.
Envisioning a Lean, Minimal Product
Getting it Right: The iPhone
Envisioning a lean, minimal product with the smallest possible set is a great strategy to minimise the investment risk. I refer to such a product as the minimal marketable product.
IPhone, launched in 2007, is an example of a minimal product. One of the secrets behind its success is the narrow set of customer needs Apple selected.
It contains just enough functionality to be viable to launch, market and sell the product successfully. Developing a minimal product is quicker and cheaper than a more ambitious, feature rich one. If the product bombs, less time and money is lost.
The company avoided the trap of trying to please too many people at once, and trying to copy all of its competitors’ features. Instead, Apple took a fresh look at what smartphones should look like and do, and deliberately left out some functionality.
If it is a success, the product will earn money sooner. Additionally, a minimal product allows us to receive feedback earlier, so we adapt the product quicker to the market response.
The original iPhone shipped without many features standard on existing phones: Copy and paste, the ability to send text messages to multiple recipients, and a software development kit, for instance.
Than trying to create the perfect product, we follow the motto “get it out, then get it right.” Note that the product’s quality must be high from the start. Otherwise, it will be difficult to adapt the product; bugs may hinder its adoption or even damage the brand. /C7
These limitations, though, did not hinder its success. Paring down the functionality allowed Apple to develop the product within a competitive timeframe and gave the significant lead over its competitors. Building on the success of the first iPhone version, Apple extended the capabilities of the phone.
Photo Marios Michael
Written Roman Pinchler
Envisioning a lean, minimal product with the smallest possible set, a great strategy to minimise the investment risk. I refer to such a product as the minimal product.
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Photo Marios Michael
Written Roman Pinchler
PERFECTION IS ACHIEVED NOT WHEN THERE IS NOTHING MORE TO ADD BUT WHEN THERE IS NOTHING LEFT TO TAKE AWAY.
If you work with user stories, for instance, review each story or epic, and ask yourself if the product can be shipped. If yes, exclude the story. As the French writer and poet Antoine de Saint-Exupery put it: “Perfection is achieved, not when there is nothing more to add, but when there is nothing left to take away”
Getting it Wrong
Steps Toward a Minimal Product
The Apple Newton Developing a minimal product may sound like a no-brainer, but my experience suggests that many start-ups and established companies alike find it difficult to restrict a new product’s features.
To create a lean, minimal product, limit the target group and “build a product for the few, not the many,” as Steve Blank recommends in his book The Four Steps to the Epiphany.
It’s often too tempting to opt for a big-bang release, trying to satisfy as many users and customers at once in order to maximise the revenue. Contrast the iPhone with Apple product: The Apple Newton, first launched in 1993 after five long years of development. Remember those Apple ads that promised a PDA that could do all sorts of wonderful things, recognizing your handwriting? When it was finally shipped, the Newton proved to be too bulky and heavy. Worse, its most important feature, handwriting recognition, did not work properly. The product underperformed and was finally withdrawn from the market in 1998. In hindsight, Apple was overly ambitious with its Newton plans. The company launched a product that tried to do too much at once and failed.
For instance, if you use personas to describe members of your target group, consider the impact of removing a persona. Would the product still sell? If yes, reduce the target group by dropping the persona. Once you have done a great job for your initial target group, you’re in a position to build on the initial success with a new, incremental release. Second, understand your product’s value proposition and only select the features that are essential to address the target group’s needs. Have the courage and discipline to discard all others for now. Selecting the minimal set of features does not mean creating a bland, boring, or simplistic product. It means focusing on those properties that are essential for the product success. understand your product’s value proposition and only select the features that are essential.
CITIES ARE PRODUCTS OF SOMETHING. REPRESENT THE EFFECT, PRINCIPALLY, OF TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS.
They are proliferating in former farm fields and distant suburbs all around Washington, these clusters of brick row houses that look as though they were airlifted out of Georgetown. Some are imposing, New England style Victorians with wrap-around front porches. Others are affixed with steeply angled stoops that suggest kids playing stick ball and neighbors swapping tales. so known as neo traditionalism. New Urbanism is the architectural and town-planning movement proposes to cure the ills of contemporary suburban life from sterile communities to cookie cutter architecture to disaffected politics by refashioning subdivisions resemble traditional small towns or big city neighborhoods. In these communities, or so the spiel
goes, life will once again resemble the close-knit neighborhoods where some of our grandparents were raised. Families will live close together in homes and apartments that front on streets they will walk down sidewalks to corner grocery stores and cafes. Young people will once again live next to old, rich next to poor. It’s an idyllic picture, and one that is immediately appealing to anyone who has spent hours running errands along a crowded, chain store lined suburban boulevard or lives on a suburban cul-de-sac. Concept that caught the imagination of thinkers nationwide, moving from the pages of planning journals to the cover of Newsweek, the pages of the Wall Street Journal and to dozens of other mainstream publications.
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THE CONGRESS FOR THE NEW URBANISM VIEWS DISINVESTMENT IN CENTRAL CITIES, THE SPREAD OF PLACELESS SPRAWL.
The Congress for the New Urbanism is a loosely formed group of architects, builders, developers, landscape architects, engineers, planners, estate professions, and other people who are committed to New Urbanist ideals. /D1
Founded by Peter Katz in 1993, the group outlined beliefs in an important document known as the Charter of the New Urbanism. The Charter of the New Urbanism reads as follows.
Written Jackie Craven
Photo Marios Michael
WE RECOGNIZE THAT PHYSICAL SOLUTIONS BY THEMSELVES WILL NOT SOLVE SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC PROBLEMS
We stand for the restoration of existing urban centers, towns within metropolitan regions, the reconfiguration of sprawling suburbs into communities of real neighborhoods and diverse districts, the conservation of natural environments, and the preservation of our built legacy. We recognize that physical solutions by themselves will not solve social and economic problems, but neither can economic vitality, community stability, and environmental health be sustained without a coherent and supportive physical framework. We advocate the restructuring of public policy and development practices to support the following principles: neighborhoods should be diverse in use and population; communities should be designed for the pedestrian and transit as well as the car. We dedicate ourselves to reclaiming our homes, blocks, streets, parks, neighborhoods, districts, towns, cities, regions, environment. /D3
Cities and towns should be shaped by physically defined and universally accessible public spaces and community institutions; urban places should be framed by architecture and landscape design that celebrate history, climate, ecology, and building practice. We represent a broad-based citizenry, composed of public and private sector leaders, community activists, and multidisciplinary professionals. We are committed to reestablishing the relationship between the art of building the making of community, through citizen based participatory planning and design. We assert the following principles to guide public policy, development practice, urban planning, and design:
Written Jackie Craven
Photo Marios Michael
WE DEDICATE OUR SELVES TO RECLAIMING OUR HOMES BLOCKS STREETS PARKS NEIGHBORHOODS DISTRICTS TOWNS CITIES REGIONS AND ENVIRONMENT
METROPOLITAN REGIONS ARE FINITE PLACES WITH GEOGRAPHIC BOUNDARIES DERIVED FROM TOPOGRAPHY
Metropolitan regions are finite places with geographic boundaries derived topography, watersheds, coastlines, farmlands, regional parks, and river basins. The metropolis is made of multiple centers that are cities, towns, and villages, each with its own identifiable center and edges.
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The metropolitan region is a fundamental economic unit of the contemporary world. Governmental cooperation, public policy, physical planning, and economic strategies must reflect this new reality.
Written Jackie Craven
Photo Marios Michael
The metropolis has a necessary fragile relationship to its agrarian hinterland and natural landscapes. The relationship is environmental, economic, and cultural.
The metropolis has a necessary and fragile relationship to its agrarian hinterland and natural landscapes. The relationship is environmental, economic, and cultural. Farmland and nature are as important to the metropolis as the garden is to the house.
Development patterns should not blur or eradicate the edges of the metropolis. Infill development within existing urban areas conserves environmental resources, economic investment, and social fabric, while reclaiming marginal and abandoned areas.
Where appropriate, new development contiguous to urban boundaries should be organized as neighborhoods and districts, and be integrated with the urban pattern.
Cities and towns should bring into proximity a broad spectrum of public and private uses to support a regional economy that people of all incomes.
Where appropriate, development contiguous to urban boundaries should be organized as neighborhoods and districts, and be integrated with the existing urban pattern. Non contiguous development should be organized as towns and villages with their own urban edges, and planned for a jobs housing balance, not as bedroom suburbs. /D7
The development and redevelopment of towns and cities should respect historical patterns, precedents, and boundaries. existing urban areas conserves environmental resources, economic investment, and social fabric, while reclaiming marginal and abandoned areas.
Written Jackie Craven
Photo Marios Michael
Cities and towns should bring into proximity a broad spectrum of public and private uses to support a regional economy that people of all incomes. Affordable housing should be distributed throughout the region to match and to avoid concentrations of poverty.
The physical organization of the region should supported framework of transportation alternatives. Transit, pedestrian, and bicycle systems should maximize access and mobility throughout the region while reducing dependence upon the automobile.