Marius Adrian Popa Architecture Portfolio Manchester School of Architecture
Subteranean Aquaponic Farming Feeding The Future - Year 3 Project Adaptation To Extreme Precipitation
Water Retention
Residential
Underground Farming
Levenshulme Arts Centre Art School & Gallery - Year 2 Project Painting School
Art Gallery
Model Making - Architectural Models Year 1 - 3 Sketches - Architecture/ Hobby Paintings - Hobby Sketches
Water Retention
Subteranean Aquaponic Farming Feeding The Future - Year 3 Project Adaptation To Extreme Precipitation
Levenshulme Arts Centre Art School & Gallery - Year 2 Project
Model Making - Architectural Models Year 1 - 3 Sketches - Architecture/ Hobby Paintings - Hobby
Modular Residential Flats
Underground Farming
Programme & Location
Scenario Development - Council Estates & Extreme Precipitation in 2050
Possible World Problems Influencing Agenda Development
Climate Change: Risk of flood due to extreme precipitation increases by
World Problems by 2050
40% in 2050.
Economic Districts developing - More paved impermeable surfaces
Lower topographical zones become flood plains due to more rain & water surface run-off from peaks.
Lower topographical zones become flood plains due to more rain & water surface run-off from peaks.
Current population 7,3 Billion people will increase by 2050 to 9.2 Billion, causing stress on food, water and energy production/consumption. 2015 1927
By 2050 world food and water are becoming more scarce due to increasing population.
Social Divison (Discrimination)
Unemployement
Skilled Working Class
2050 Food Production Price Increase Stockport thriving economically becoming destination for skilled & highly educated employees.
Programme Agenda 2050
Water Harvesting & Retention
Climate Climate Change: Risk of flood due to extreme precipitation increases by
2 Billion People
Social Division: Increase in gap between higher classes & less qualified working classes.
Programme Breakdown
40% in 2050 Stockport.
Estimated - 9.2 Billion People
7.3 Billion People
Resources Scarce
Fast Growing Population Food production cannot maintain pace of population growth. Food Becomes more expensive.
Not Enough Resources 50% increase
Clean Water harder to obtain. Seasons become extreme with Winter (more wet) & Summer (very dry).
15% increase
Urban Farm
Perception
Crime
High & Middle Class
Rich
Unemployment of social housing inhabitants (lower class society which are not as fortunate)
My agenda focuses on the connection between the world problems every country will face in 2050, and the social division between council estates and higher classed society. Negative media has influenced the perspective of estate inhabitants. The agenda will focus on responding to the extreme precipitation climate change while reducing the gaps between seasons where winters become much wetter and summers much drier.
Cannot afford housing & living standards.
Fossil fuel resources are becoming very scarce, additionally its the main cause of high levels of polusion.
World population rapidly growing
Lower Class
Global Food Production Must Increase 70% by 2050 to Meet Our Needs On An Overcrowded Planet Where Farming Space is Less and Less With Growing Cities.
Rain Water Harvesting
Flood plains become less expensive to live on. Council estates re-locate to flood plains.
Current water usage is 149 litres per person/day. By 2050 not enough water to sustain food production + prolonged droughts during summer.
Council Estates relocate to flood plains where cheaper new developments are taking place.
Residential Housing
Social Division
Society
Internal food production required by lower classed inhabitants.
Prices Rise - Dividing Society and their living standards
Can Afford All Food
Urban areas in Stockport are expanding and there is less farming space. With 40% of the climate change reason, farming requires an upgrade to urban farming. This allows for less chemicals, CO2 to be created from transportation across world and pesticides affecting food. Residents of new Stockport Council Estate will be able to grow their own fruit and vegetables aquaponically, reducing impact on climate change by up to 90%. The residents will be able to grow all of their food without any more money spent on supermarkets.
The new council estate will accomodate small families of up to 2 people and large families up to 5 people. The housing estate will be adapted to flood situations, since it is located on the dangerous flood plains. The residential building will be layed out in a similar maner to their previous street accomodation. During flood situations residents will have food from the farm, and social spaces such as a bar or gym so there is no resons fo leaving the building. The building will aim at accomodating up to 80 people.
Consequences Unskilled Class
Stockport - Location Plan
Privatised Council Estates taken over in totality by middle/high classed inhabitants.
Key Scenario Events
Cannot Afford Meat & Organic Fruits/Vegetables
Renewable Source of Energy
Stockport economy thriving with highly skilled businesses expanding to Stockport.
Rainwater from surface run-off and high intensity rain for longer periods will cause floods more regularly by 2050 in Stockport. Rain water will be retained by similar facilities to the Rotterdam Water Square where retention of large volumes relive sewege systems from higher and higher amounts with more developing zones connected to same system. Precipitation is collected in large tanks across Stockport to diminish the intensity on the borough’s drainage system. Clean water is also becoming harder to get hold of so the programme will include purification centres to clean stored water to be re-used for drinking & WC facilities.
Skilled Working Class
Decisions
Site Analysis - Environmental & Context North Council Estates
Shopping Facilities
Pedestrian route through the bridge linking site to rest of Stockport Prevailing winds affecting the site mainly from the South - East directions
Derelict areas & Flood plains
2015 Council estate residents high ground - world problems not felt fully. Estates are being refurbished attracting various potential qualified workforce.
2025 Stockport economy growing rapidly in qualified sectors attracting wide range of high class people requiring accomodation facilities.
Wind Frequency - Wind analysis predicts where the strongest winds will hit from making the design adapted to wind loads and possibly ways of breaking up strong winds.
Non-Utilised post industrial structures. (derelict)
South Varying temperature throught the year from -1° to 20°.
North 13°C - Constant ground temperature in the UK.
High Class Residential Estates
Shopping Facilities
Sunpath Analysis - The analysis predicts the change in height (angle) of the sun based on mothly changes. This allows to predict the best orientation and how to maximise amount of sunlight intake.
New Council Estates
2050 Council estate residents cannot afford living costs migrating to much cheaper flood plains where new developments are taking place.
Site Flood Plain Zone
Water surface run-off from gigher topographical zones cause area to become an endangered flood plain
South Sun path diagram of the winter and summer projection. Rising in the east and setting in the south, with the south providing the most daylight.
North
Best Orientation- on site to maximise sunlight intake, protect against underheated and overheated periods is SSE (South South East) 165o.
Derelict, missused site left unhabituated caused wild vegetation to develop causing hidden spaces, commonly used by drug
Worst Orientation
Chosen Location
The busy motorway gives off noise, pollution and vibrations to the surrounding landscape
South
Best Orientation Overheated Period
South
Underheated Period Annual Average
Masterplan & Extreme Precipitation Adaptation
1. Council Building Roof Top 2. Earth Tubes (Ventilation) 3. Water Collection Square 4. Underground Parking (Blue Roof) 5. Sports Field 6. Promenade Walkway (Permeable Paving) 7. Habitat Forest 8. Bio-fuel Station 9. M60 Motorway 10. Main Street 11. Water Collection Gutter System 12. Tesco Supermarket 13. Undeveloped Space 14. River
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8 12
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3
Water Retention Landscape Objects Permeable Pavement 10
1
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1. Priora Concrete Block Paving
2
2. Washed 6mm aggregate 50mm depth
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3. Washed 20mm graded aggregate depth 250mm
4 5
4. Capping Layer 20mm 5. Soil
14 Water perforates porous pavement concrete and is absorbed by the soil.
2 1 13
Water Tree
1 2 3
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3
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4. Clean Water Tank
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2. Inverted Cone Structure - structure is made of light aluminium bars and PVC panels in between spaces. Double skin component acts as sun shading.
3. Water Filtration System -rain is filtred allowing water to be potable .
4 4
1. Tensile Waterproof Fabric - fabric collects rain, merging depending on the weight of amount collected.
5. Water Tap
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Water Bench
1
Scale 1:500 9
1
1. Water Collection Points
2. Timber Strips to Sit On Slightly Slanted To collect Water
3 2
3. Water Storage Tank (Aluminium)
Sectional Perspective Flooding Incident
Flood Defence Barriers Incoming Flood
Main Rail Structure
Water Infiltration to Ground
Flood Barrier Glass Surface
Damp Proof Membrane Protects Against Water Infitration
Vulnarable Zone
When steel barriers are not active it acts as a walkway above the farm. The steel plates (25mm) have a wooden frame layer added to surface bringing in context. The farm is protected from infiltrated water by damp proof membranes which coat the outside of the farm concrete walls.
Modular Housing
Flood Defence Barrier Surge barrier is located in between the living spaces and the farm. It aims at protecting vulnerable zone above farm and avoid the blockage of light for farm. Steel barriers rise up to 2.25 metres when activated, moving on a rail system with hydraulics pushing the plates up into a pyramid position.
Pile Foundation
Subterranean Aquaponic Farm
Water Retention & Filtration
Original Scale 1:200 Longditudinal Section
Water Catchment & Location Of Storage Points
Underground Purification Station
Rainwater retaining zones
Un-collected surface run-off (drainge)
Rooftop water dispenser to gutter system
Maximum Water Level 2.20 m
Surface water run-off
Permeable surface allowing run-off from water chamber envelope.
Collected surface runoff
Sloped M60 Water run-off
Sloping Surfaces
Gutters collecting water & disposing of it in allocated areas
Water from gutters filtered and collected in water chamber
Water Filtration System
Rooftop Rainwater
Bio-fuel Energy - Combustion of residue from the farm as well as the residential waste is burnt to create energy.
Water can be used for residential or for aquaponics farm.
Water is filtered through different sedimentation tanks. Water is treated with chemicals and becomes potable.
Water is retained for 24 hours and it can either be released in the sewege system or be used by the residential building.
Erratic Circulation Possibilities
Materiality & Circulation
Circulation Towards Edifice Entrances Collected Rainwater Circulating Through Gutters to Collection Point
Vehicular Circulation
Original Scale 1:200 Ground Level
Timber Rainscreen Cladding - replicating brick buildings in close proximety, using renewable materials.
Vegetation Panels & Green Wall (South Elevation)/ Green Roof - natural insulator merging with the dense woodland in close proximety to the river on either side.
Concrete Structure & Aluminium Cast Facade Panels - similar materials to M60 pre-cast concrete bridge motorway.
Elevation East
External Perspective
Original Scale 1:200 East Elevation
North Elevation & Subterranean Farms
Original Scale 1:200 North Elevation (AA)
Elevation AA
Section BB
Original Scale 1:200 Farms Section Cut (BB)
Accommodation Space Breakdown
Housing Typology 1 - Two Person Flat
3
5
2
4
1
6
Scale 1:200 Third Level
Entrance Space
2.
Open Plan Living Space
3. 4.
Kitchen & Dinning Space
5.
Master Bedroom
6.
Storage Space
WC & Shower
Housing Typology 2 - Four Person Flat (Family)
3
2 4
8
6
1
5
11
9
10
7
Scale 1:200 Fourth Level
1.
1.
Entrance Space
2.
Open Plan Living Space
3.
Kitchen & Dinning Space
4.
Cloakroom
5.
Guest Single Bedroom
6.
Door to Roof-top Garden
7.
Storage Space
8.
Master Bedroom
9.
Double Bedroom (Children)
10.
Bathroom
11.
Two Floor Atrium
Structure Breakdown
Exploded Axonometric - Spaces Breakdown.
Green Roof - curved in the shape of the hills in close proxemity
Roof Structure - curved space trusses span lengthways while cross bracing reinforces the structural element.
Refrigerator Spaces - farm organic fruit and vegetables stored in a cool room. There are 6 large rooms with three on second level and 3 on ground floor.
Scale 1:200 Fifth Level
Social Floor - located between First and Third floor with a bar, gym and sitting zones.
Refrigerator Spaces
Subterranean Farm Located under the building. There are 3 main floors of growing crops and 1 floor fish tank.
Scale 1:200 Sixth Level
Original Scale 1:50 Detail Section
Summer & Winter Ventilation Strategy
Green roof acts a natural insulator protecting against heat loss or gain through roof surface.
Air in the atrium heats up due to solar radiation causing are to rise and escape through the roof. Curved green roof sitting on a space truss structure supported on the steel beams of the building and reinforced with cross bracing structure.
Space used for ventilation and ductwork within the edifice. Hot air rises and leaves through the semi-permeable wall.
Warm, oxygenated air is brought up from the farm through the structure and released into the atrium space creating a constant warm climate.
Fresh air channelling through the opened louvres cooling down the large atrium. (cross ventilation)
Earth tubes bring in fresh air from the south-east.
Internal modular home floor structure is constructed with horizontal timber battens which lay on the firm steel casing of the building.
Fresh air is oxygenated by the plants in the farm removing CO2. Furthermore air heated up by the natural inverted pyramid acting as a radiator for the farm.
Water from the Tame river is pumped through the structure of the building cooling down a large part of the slabs + air around it.
Walls are constructed from pre-cast concrete sandwich panels. Rain-screen facade is attached to panel with aluminium rails.
Sunlight Intake Strategy
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Floor structure is in-situ concrete cast over a corrugated metal sheeting. Water Pipes run through insulation layer cooling down floors and surroundings.
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Structture, Ventilation & Sunlight
Adaptable facade opens/closes depending on the humidity levels in order to catch as much rainwater as possible before it hits the ground.
Summer Ventilation
Winter Ventilation
30m Light void channelling light to underground farm. The roof is oblique channeling south light into large atrium.
South Light - penetrates the building through the top and reflects into the farm through the angled glass pannels within reflective curtain.
In-situ concrete ground frame structure set on a pile foundation directs building loads to ground.
Equall amount of light directUnderground aquaponics farm pierced by a large inverted pyramid channeling light equally to the perimeter.
Adaptable Facade
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1. Lightweight Concrete Slab Finish (60mm) 2. Batt Insulation (150mm) 3. Steel I-Beam (225mm x 350mm)
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4. Copper Pipes (60mm diameter) - Thermally Activated Slab 5. Reinforced Concrete Bars (1.5mm Diameter) 6. In-Situ Concrete Slab (150mm) 7. Metal Decking
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8. Plasterboard (50mm) 9. Timber Battens
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10. Pre-Cast Concrete Sandwich Panel (325mm - 105mm Insulation)
External Visual From Motorway
11. Damp proof Membrane (30mm) 12. Cedar Timber Rain-screen (80mm)
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13. Aluminium Frame
Reactive Facade - Dry
14. Steel Wire (5mm diameter) 15. Movable Aluminium Panel (30mm)
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16. Stationary Aluminium Cast Panels (30mm) 17. Polycarbonate Panel (20mm) 18. Green Matt + Plant (125 mm) 19. Polycarbonate Gutter 20. Aluminium Frame (Cladding Rain-screen)
2
14
1
21. Deflection Head
15
22. Mineral Wool Packing (80mm) 23. Flanking Strip (5mm)
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Vegetation Panels
17
18
19 20 21
Secondary Facade acts as a visual translation between context and building with different shades of grey aluminium panels and ocasional green plants.
Reactive Facade - Humid
Humidity Sensors in motionless panels.
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23
3 7
10 Gutter
4
5
Panels open when high humidity
6
Scale 1:20 Wall-Floor-Facade Detail
Humidity reactive facade - Aluminium panels flip open to collect as much water as possible before it reaches the ground to counteract the possible flood. Rain slides of the inside of the panel into a gutter system behind the facade. Water is stored in one of the 2 storage zones around the landscape.
Aquaponics Rack Systems Farm
Domino Tripod Rack System
Subterenean Aquaponics Farm
Vegetables Level Largest surface area floor that allows large variety of crops to be grown.
Aditional Nitrates added to water.
Dirty Fish Water Full of Nitrates
-1 Fruits/ Vegetables
Main Pipe Back to Farm
Flowing
Fruits Level Second largest surface area floor. Variety of fruits that can be grown is not as wide as the vegetables, but are required in large quantities. Cleansed Water
-2 Water flows through domino rack tubes, feeding the plants , cleaning the water from residue. Water is recirculated to the fish farm.
Wall Rack Domino System Water Full Of Fish Residue
Additional UV Lights to Help Photosinthesis
Leafy Greens Floor These plants require the least space and purify the fish water most effectively.
Aditional Nitrates added to water.
-3 Closely Linked Access Only From -3 To -4
Cleansed Water
Fish Farm Level (For Aquaponics Farming)
-4
There are 7 types of fish that grow best in the quaponics environment. Fish are grown to certain size and used as food after.
Shelf Adapted to Attach to Tileted Underground Wall.
Wall Rack is further away from the inverted prism transmitting light, therfore additional UV lights have been implemented not to affect growth rate and provide equall light.
Original Scale 1:200 Underground Levels Farming space
Flood & Day After
Section CC
Elevation DD
River Level Begining to Rise
Scale 1:200 Elevation South (DD)
Steel surge barrier elevates from ground level to a 45 degree angle creating a 2.5 metre barrier. Hydro-gel fills the gaps between timber planks, absorbing water and expanding to provide a seal.
Curved farm roof rests on a tension cable structure. Glazing disperses light throughout farm evenly.
Cantilever retaining wall foundation resisting ground inner pressure. Foundation is waterproofed against groundwater from the outside and inside.
Tilted curtain wall system creating the inverted prism shape. Glazing is supported by load-bearing columns.
Reinforced concrete slab.
Original Scale 1:50 Section Cut (CC) Farm Detail
Fish Farm walls have been waterproofed from the inside to retain water.
Sectional Model Subterranean Farm
Aquaponic Rack
Sectional Perspective cutting through secondary subterranean farm showing habitation and use of aquaponic rack systems used to grow fruit and vegetables. The surface also shows outdoor space protected by surge barriers in case of a flood.
Interior perspective of cutaway showing circulation around hollow glass prism.
Exterior space under building enclosed by surge barriers.
Full farm downwards perspective showing all 3 floors used for planting.
Perspective Level -1
Perspective Level -3
1. In-Situ Concrete Slab (100mm)
Farm Compartment Detail
2. Vapour Membrane (30mm) 3. Mineral Wool Insulation (100mm) 4. Steel I-Beam (120mm x 180mm) 5. Residue Water PVC Profile (400mm diameter) 6. PVC Nitrate Tanks 7. In-Situ Concrete Column (150 mm diameter) 8. PVC Profile Pipe (20mm diameter) 9. Plant Domino Rack 10. Curtain Wall System (Tilted 80mm) 11. Floor Finish Concrete Lightweight (40mm) 12. Batt Insulation (Rigid 100mm) 13. Damp Proof Membrane (40mm) 14. PVC Profile Pipe (Cleansed Water 300mm) 15. Plasterboard White Finish (40mm) 16. Timber Battens 17. Batt Insulation (Rigid 170mm) 18. Vapour Membrane (30mm)
24
19. Welded Fabric Controlling Cracks Shrinkage 20. Reinforced Steel Bars (20mm) 21. In-Situ Concrete Cantilever Retaining Wall
1
(700mm base x 300 peak)
3
22. Damp Proof Membrane (40mm) 23. Hydraulics Surge Barrier System
4
23 2 22
21
24. Rail System Surge Barrier
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6
20
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Original Scale 1:20 Underground Farm Detail
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14
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Interior Atrium Perspective
Painting School
Subteranean Aquaponic Farming Feeding The Future - Year 3 Project Adaptation To Extreme Precipitation
Levenshulme Arts Centre Art School & Gallery - Year 2 Project
Model Making - Architectural Models Year 1 - 3 Sketches - Architecture/ Hobby Paintings - Hobby
Art Gallery
Roof Plan & Strategy
-1/2 Art Gallery & Library Original Scale 1:100
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Level 1- Large & Small Studios Original Scale 1:100
Roof Plan & Context Original Scale 1:200
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Outdoor Space
The geometry of the outdoor space follows a similar approach to the one of the Arts Centre. The brown axis focuses on the main circulation, while the green axis replicates the play of half levels. The original site’s geoetry is kept with the red axis being the main path connecting Stockport Road to suburban area.
Outdoor Space section showing the play in half levels. The implementation of trees is taken into consideration in order to maintain only one tree line.
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Level 1 1/2- Large Mezanine Studio Original Scale 1:100
Arts Centre Breakdown
0
50cm
100cm
Detail Detail Section showing material layers of the heavy construction, underground floor slab and repetitive frame foundation.
Sectional Perspective - Gallery & Modular Studios Original Scale - 1:100
Interior perspective of the wide-span space (art gallery) enclosed by the heavy slate wall construction.
Large studio interior working atmosphere with school children being thought about impressionism.
Structure, Circulation & Atrium Space
Exploded Axonometric Exploded axonometric unveiling the primary, secondary and tertiary structure of the building. Floor plates are exploded showing all half levels in more detail. Roof moulds around the structural frame creating large roof lights, lighting up the main atrium.
Large atrium space blending in with the centralised staircase
Sectional Perspective revealing the centred vertical circulation. Original Scale - 1:100
Rain Reactive Facade
Front Elevation (North) Original Scale 1:100
LED Polyvinyl Chlorade
Outdoor Space
Entrance
LED polyvinyl Chlorade planks redirecting the water around the facade. Water sensors turn on coloured LED’s when rainwater from roof flows through facade for a more playful facade. Steel tension cables allow planks to be hung together.
Outdoor space inhabited by the community of Levenshulme. Water fountain feature breaks the sound created by traffic on Stockport Road.
Front Entrance is the only place on the facade where planks and falling water does not interact with the curtain walling. Entrance space has double door system in order to maintain interior temperature.
Outdoor Space - Night Perspective
Stockport Road perspective showing functioning facade system during rainy season.
Structure, Circulation & Atrium Space
Roof to Curtain Wall Detail Technical Section through modular spaces Original Scale - 1:50
Air Pocket Entrance
Reactive Facade
Earthtubes
Air pocket entrance similar to the double glazing system used. Pocket of air is trapped in between the outdoor space and the inner space creating a temperature transition which benefits the energy efficiency.
Rainwater is directed to the front facade where a waterfall feature is created, lighting up the coloured planks. Later water is collected and stored in an underground tank for lavatory flushing system. Roof humps act as rain surface run-off for the roof.
Earthtubes underneath the building collects fresh air from the outside which is later distributed around the building for natural ventilation. Air passes through heat exchanger which acts similar to air conditioning for the building, heating up air to a appropriate temperature.
Connection is showing the planks in the waterfall feature of the facde, alond with all the structural connections to roof.
Interior Perspective Perspective from half floor. The spatial qualities of the interior are experienced through this visual which also focuses on the waterfall curtain wall feature.
Sketches, Models & Paintings
Subteranean Aquaponic Farming Feeding The Future - Year 3 Project Adaptation To Extreme Precipitation
Levenshulme Arts Centre Art School & Gallery - Year 2 Project
Model Making - Architectural Models Year 1 - 3 Sketches - Architecture/ Hobby Paintings - Hobby
Study Trip Sketches - Lyon
La Tourette (2014) - Le Corbusier
La Tourette (2014) - Le Corbusier
La Tourette (2014) - Le Corbusier
Main Plaza Lyon (2014)
Ferminy (2014) - Le Corbusier
Study Trip Sketches - Manchester
University of Manchester Museum
Potrait of old man - Hobby
Potrait Florin - Hobby
Case Study Models
London Olimpics Velodrome Hopkins Architects 1:20 Model investigating structure and materiality of one structural bay.
Tatlins Tower - Russia 1:200 Structural model investigating unbuilt project’s strategy. Tatlin’s tower was proposed in 1920’s as a comunist monument, but unbuilt due to its size (double the height of Eiffel Tower.
London Olimpics Velodrome Hopkins Architects Facade materiality showing ventilation strategy.
Paintings Winter Melancholy
Mix of Colours
Silent Beauty
Idylic Morning