origami
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Rizza Mae C. Chief n i r o t i d E
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Lindsay B. Ortiz Chief Artist
Marjorie Ann Frtaist
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Staff Artist
Genise Balanag Reister Dorado Marie Nel Guinto Jerelle Urriza Jessa Coronado
Origami
is the official art folio of The Plaridelian the official student publication of Plaridel National High School Banago, Nagcarlan Laguna
The copyright of the works published here remains with the artist and the Plaridelian.
All rights reserved Š 2016
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The Origami is a recreation of students Plaridel National High School. It has become one an the projects on subjects MAPEH children. So they devoured make origami because it projects. Plaridel National High School Barangay Banago Nagcarlan, Laguna
The Origami
History
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Table of Content: 1 History 2 Techniques and materials 2.1 Techniques 2.2 Origami paper 2.3 Tools 3 Types 3.1 Action origami 3.2 Modular origami 3.3 Wet-folding 3.4 Pureland origami 3.5 Origami tessellations 3.6 Kirigami 4 Mathematics and technical origami 4.1 Mathematics and practical applications 4.2 Technical origami 4.3 Origami-related computer programs 5 Ethics and copyright 6 Gallery 7 In popular culture 8 See also 9 References 10 Further reading 11 External links
A group of Japanese schoolchildren dedicate their contribution of Thousand origami cranes at the Sadako Sasaki memorial in Hiroshima.
Distinct paperfolding traditions arose in Europe, China, and Japan which have been well-documented by historians. These seem to have been mostly separate traditions, until the 20th century. In China, traditional funerals often include the burning of folded paper, most often representations of gold nuggets (yuanbao). The practice of burning paper representations instead of fullscale wood or clay replicas dates from the Sung Dynasty (905–1125 CE), though it’s not clear how much folding was involved. Traditional Chinese funeral practices were banned during the
Cultural Revolution, so most of what we know about Chinese paperfolding comes from the modern-day continuation of these practices in Taiwan. In Japan, the earliest unambiguous reference to a paper model is in a short poem by Ihara Saikaku in 1680 which mentions a traditional butterfly design used during Shinto weddings. Folding filled some ceremonial functions in Edo period Japanese culture; noshi were attached to gifts, much like greeting cards are used today. This developed into a form of entertainment; the first two instructional books published in Japan are
clearly recreational. In Europe, there was a well-developed genre of napkin-folding, which flourished during the 17th and 18th centuries. After this period, this genre declined and was mostly forgotten; historian Joan Sallas attributes this to the introduction of porcelain, which replaced complex napkin folds as a dinner - table status symbol among nobility.However, some of the techniques and bases associated with this tradition continued to be a part of European culture; folding was a significant part of Friedrich Froebel’s “Kindergarten” method, and the designs pub-
lished in connection with his curriculum are stylistically similar to the napkin foldrepertoire. When Japan opened its borders in the 1860s, as part of a modernization strategy, they imported Froebel’s Kindergarten system—and with it, German ideas about paperfolding. This included the ban on cuts, and the starting shape of a bicolored square. These ideas, and some of the European folding repertoire, were integrated into the Japanese tradition. Before this, traditional Japanese sources use a variety of starting shapes, often had cuts; and if they had color
or markings, these were added after the model was folded. In the early 1900s, Akira Yoshizawa, Kosho Uchiyama, and others began creating and recording original origami works. Akira Yoshizawa in particular was responsible for a number of innovations, such as wet-folding and the Yoshizawa– Randlett diagramming system, and his work inspired a renaissance of the art form. During the 1980s a number of folders started systematically studying the mathematical properties of folded forms, which led to a rapid increase in the complexity of origami models.
The Origami
Techniques and materials
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Tools:
Techniques: Many origami books begin with a description of basic origami techniques which are used to construct the models. This includes simple diagrams of basic folds like valley and mountain folds, pleats, reverse folds, squash folds, and sinks. There are also standard named bases which are used in a wide variety of models, for instance the bird base is an intermediate stage in the construction of the flapping bird.Additional bases are the preliminary base (square base), fish base, waterbomb base, and the frog base.
Bone folders It is common to fold using a flat surface, but some folders like doing it in the air with no tools, especially when displaying the folding.[citation needed] Many folders believe that no tool should be used when folding.[citation needed] However a couple of tools can help especially with the more complex models. For instance a bone folder allows sharp creases to be made in the paper easily, paper clips can act as extra pairs of fingers, and tweezers can be used to make small folds. When making complex models from origami crease patterns, it can help to use a ruler and ballpoint embosser to score the creases. Completed models can be sprayed so they keep their shape better, and a spray is needed when wet folding.
Origami Paper A crane and papers of the same size used to fold it almost any laminar (flat) material can be used for folding; the only requirement is that it should hold a crease. Origami paper, often referred to as "kami" (Japanese for paper), is sold in prepackaged squares of various sizes ranging from 2.5 cm (1 in) to 25 cm (10 in) or more. It is commonly colored on one side and white on the other; however, dual coloured and patterned versions exist and can be used effectively for color-changed models. Origami paper weighs slightly less than copy paper, making it suitable for a wider range of models. Normal copy paper with weights of 70–90 g/m2 can be used for simple folds, such as the crane and waterbomb. Heavier weight papers of (19–24&nb 100 g/m2 (approx. 25 lb) or more can be wet-folded. This technique allows for a more rounded sculpting of the model, which becomes rigid and sturdy when it is dry. Foil-backed paper, as its name implies, is a sheet of thin foil glued to a sheet of thin paper. Related to this is tissue foil, which is made by gluing a thin piece of tissue paper to kitchen aluminium foil. A second piece
of tissue can be glued onto the reverse side to produce a tissue/ foil/tissue sandwich. Foil-backed paper is available commercially, but not tissue foil; it must be handmade. Both types of foil materials are suitable for complex models. Washi is the traditional origami paper used in Japan. Washi is generally tougher than ordinary paper made from wood pulp, and is used in many traditional arts. Washi is commonly made using fibres from the bark of the gampi tree, the mitsumata shrub (Edgeworthia papyrifera), or the paper mulberry but can also be made using bamboo, hemp, rice, and wheat. Artisan papers such as unryu, lokta, hanji[citation needed], gampi, kozo, saa, and abaca have long fibers and are often extremely strong. As these papers are floppy to start with, they are often backcoated or resized with methylcellulose or wheat paste before folding. Also, these papers are extremely thin and compressible, allowing for thin, narrowed limbs as in the case of insect models. Paper money from various countries is also popular to create origami with; this is known variously as Dollar Origami, Orikane, and Money Origami.
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Types
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Action & Modular
Origami not only covers still-life, there are also moving objects; Origami can move in clever ways. Action origami includes origami that flies, requires inflation to complete, or, when complete, uses the kinetic energy of a person's hands, applied at a certain region on the model, to move another flap or limb. Some argue that, strictly speaking, only the latter is really "recognized" as action origami. AcA modular origami made from custom papers. tion origami, first apgami community until from the USA; Ropearing with the tradi- the 1980s. Chris Palm- berto Gretter (Italy); is a er is an artist who has Christiane Bettens tional Japanese flapping branch that has grown extensively explored (Switzerland); Carlos bird, is quite common. in popularity after tessellations after seeNatan López (MexiOne example is Robert 2000. A tessellation is ing the Zilij patterns co); and Jorge C. LuLang's instrumentalists; a collection of figures in the Alhambra, and cero (Brazil.) when the figures' heads filling a plane with no has found ways to is are pulled away from gaps or overlaps. In create detailed origa- a Japanese term for their bodies, their hands origami tessellations, mi tessellations out paper cutting. Cutwill move, resembling pleats are used to con- of silk. Robert Lang ting was often used in nect molecules such and Alex Bateman are the playing of music. as twist folds together two designers who use traditional Japanese origami, but modern in a repeating fash- computer programs to innovations in techion. During the 1960s, create origami tessel- nique have made the Shuzo Fujimoto was lations. The first in- use of cuts unnecesorigami adds the restric- the first to explore ternational convention sary. Most origami twist fold tessellations devoted to origami designers no longer tions that only simple in any systematic tessellations was host- consider models with mountain/valley folds way, coming up with ed in Brasília (Brazil) may be used, and all folds dozens of patterns in 2006, and the first cuts to be origami, inmust have straightforward and establishing the instruction book on stead using the term Kirigami to describe folding them. This change locations. It was devel- genre in the origami tessellation mainstream. Around patterns was pub- in attitude occurred oped by John Smith in the 1970s to help inexpe- the same time period, lished by Eric Gjerde during the 1960s and Ron Resch patent- in 2008.Since then, the rienced folders or those ed some tessellation field has grown very 70s, so early origami with limited motor skills. patterns as part of his quickly. Tessellation books often use cuts, but for the most part Some designers also like explorations into ki- artists include Pol- they have disappeared the challenge of creating netic sculpture and ly Verity (Scotland); from the modern oridevelopable surfaces, Joel Cooper, Christine gami repertoire; most within the very strict although his work was Edison, Ray Schamp modern books don’t constraints. not known by the ori- and Goran Konjevod even mention cutting.
Origami Tessellation
Kirigami
Pureland
Wet-folding is an origami technique for producing models with gentle curves rather than geometric straight folds and flat surfaces. The paper is dampened so it can be moulded easily, the final model keeps its shape when it dries. It can be used, for instance, to produce very natural looking animal models. Size, an adhesive that is crisp and hard when dry, but dissolves in water when wet and becoming soft and flexible, is often applied to the paper either at the pulp stage while the paper is being formed, or on the surface of a ready sheet of paper. The latter method is called external sizing and most commonly uses Methylcellulose, or MC, paste, or various plant starches.
The Origami
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Mathematics and Technical Origami
Spring Into Action, designed by Jeff Beynon, made from a single rectangular piece of paper.
Mathematics and Practical Applications Technical origami, Technical origami, known tern-oriented design approaches The practice and study of origami encapsulates several subjects of mathematical interest. For instance, the problem of flat-foldability (whether a crease pattern can be folded into a 2-dimensional model) has been a topic of considerable mathematical study. A number of technological advances have come from insights obtained through paper folding. For example, techniques have been developed for the deployment of car airbagsand stent implants from a folded position. The problem of rigid origami ("if we replaced the paper with sheet metal and had hinges in place of the crease lines, could we still fold the model?") has great practical importance. For example, the Miura map fold is a rigid fold that has been used to deploy large solar panel arrays for space satellites. Origami can be used to construct various geometrical designs not possible with compass and straightedge constructions. For instance paper folding may be used for angle trisection and doubling the cube. There are plans for an origami airplane to be launched from space[citation needed]. A prototype passed a durability test in a wind tunnel on March 2008, and Japan's space agency adopted it for feasibility studies.
in Japanese as origami sekkei?, is an origami design approach in which the model is conceived as an engineered crease pattern, rather than developed through trial-and-error. With advances in origami mathematics, the basic structure of a new origami model can be theoretically plotted out on paper before any actual folding even occurs. This method of origami design was developed byRobert Lang, Meguro Toshiyuki and others, and allows for the creation of extremely complex multi-limbed models such as many-legged centipedes, human figures with a full complement of fingers and toes, and the like. The crease pattern is a layout of the creases required to form the structure of the model. Paradoxically enough, when origami designers come up with a crease pattern for a new design, the majority of the smaller creases are relatively unimportant and added only towards the completion of the model. What is more important is the allocation of regions of the paper and how these are mapped to the structure of the object being designed. By opening up a folded model, you can observe the structures that comprise it; the study of these structures led to a number of crease-pat-
The pattern of allocations is referred to as the 'circle-packing' or 'polygon-packing'. Using optimization algorithms, a circle-packing figure can be computed for any uniaxial base of arbitrary complexity. Once this figure is computed, the creases which are then used to obtain the base structure can be added. This is not a unique mathematical process, hence it is possible for two designs to have the same circle-packing, and yet different crease pattern structures. As a circle encloses the maximum amount of area for a given perimeter, circle packing allows for maximum efficiency in terms of paper usage. However, other polygonal shapes can be used to solve the packing problem as well. The use of polygonal shapes other than circles is often motivated by the desire to find easily locatable creases (such as multiples of 22.5 degrees) and hence an easier folding sequence as well. One popular offshoot of the circle packing method is box-pleating, where squares are used instead of circles. As a result, the crease pattern that arises from this method contains only 45 and 90 degree angles, which often makes for a more direct folding sequence.
Mathematics and Technical Origami
The Origami
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Ethics and Copyright Copyright in origami designs and the use of models has become an increasingly important issue in the origami community, as the internet has made the sale and distribution of pirated designs very easy.It is considered good ettiquette to always credit the original artist and the folder when displaying origami models. It has been claimed that all commercial rights to designs and models are typically reserved by origami artists; however, the degree to which this can be enforced has been disputed. Under such a view, a person who folds a model using a legally obtained design could publicly display the
model unless such rights were specifically reserved, whereas folding a design for money or commercial use of a photo for instance would require consent.The Origami Authors and Creators group was set up to represent the copyright interests of origami artists and facilitate permissions requests. However, a court in Japan has asserted that the folding method of an origami model “comprises an idea and not a creative expression, and thus is not protected under the copyright law.”Further, the court stated that “the method to folding origami is in the public domain; one cannot avoid using
the same folding creases or the same arrows to show the direction in which to fold the paper.” Therefore, it is legal to redraw the folding instructions of a model of another author even if the redrawn instructions share similarities to the original ones, as long as those similarities are "functional in nature". The redrawn instructions may be published (and even sold) without necessity of any permission from the original author. The Japanese decision is in agreement with the U.S. Copyright Office itself, which asserts that "copyright does not protect ideas, concepts, systems, or methods of doing something."
Origami-Related Computer Programs A number of computer aids to origami such as TreeMaker and Oripa, have been devised.Treemaker allows new origami bases to be designed for special purposes and Oripa tries to calculate the folded shape from the crease pattern. The use of polygonal shapes other than circles is often motivated by the desire to find easily locatable creases (such as multiples of 22.5 degrees) and hence an easier folding sequence as well. One popular offshoot of the circle packing method is box-pleating, where squares are used instead of circles.
The Origami
Gallery PLARIDEL NHS These pictures show examples of various types of origami
Dollar bill elephant, an example of moneygami
Kawasaki rose using the twist fold devised byToshikazu Kawasaki. Thecalyx is made separately.
Kawasaki cube, an example of an iso-area model
A wet-folded bull.
One example of modular origami.
Chinese Golden Ventureswans
An example of origamibonsai.
Smart Waterbomb using circular paper and curved folds.
Reference 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25.
The Origami
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Jump up^ UNESCO - Intangible Heritage Section. "UNESCO Culture Sector - Intangible Heritage - 2003 Convention :". Jump up^ Merali, Zeeya (June 17, 2011), "Origami Engineer Flexes to Create Stronger, More Agile Materials", Science 332 (6036): 1376–1377,doi:10.1126/science.332.6036.1376, PMID 21680824. Jump up^ Laing, Ellen Johnston (2004). Up In Flames. Stanford University Press.ISBN 978-0- 8047- 3455-4. Jump up^ Hatori Koshiro. "History of Origami". K's Origami. RetrievedJanuary 1, 2010. Jump up^ Joan Sallas. "Gefaltete Schönheit." 2010. Jump up^ "History of Origami in the East and West before Interfusion", by Koshiro Hatori. From Origami^5, ed. Patsy Wang Iverson et al. CRC Press 2011. Jump up^ Margalit Fox (April 2, 2005). "Akira Yoshizawa, 94, Modern Origami Master". New York Times. Jump up^ Lang, Robert J. "Origami Design Secrets" Dover Publications, 2003. Jump up^ Rick Beech (2009). The Practical Illustrated Encyclopaedia of Origami. Lorenz Books. ISBN 978-0-7548-1982-0. Jump up^ Jeremy Shafer (2001). Origami to Astonish and Amuse. St. Martin's Griffin. ISBN 0-312- 25404-0. Jump up^ Bettens, Christiane. "First origami tessellation convention". Flickr. Retrieved July 20, 2015. Jump up^ Gjerde, Eric (2008). Origami Tessellations. Taylor & Francis.ISBN 9781568814513. Jump up^ Lang, Robert J. (2003). Origami Design Secrets. A K Peters. ISBN 1-56881-194-2. Jump up^ The World of Geometric Toy, Origami Spring, August, 2007. Jump up^ Cheong Chew and Hiromasa Suziki, Geometrical Properties of Paper Spring, report ed in Mamoru Mitsuishi, Kanji Ueda, Fumihiko Kimura,Manufacturing Systems and Technolo gies for the New Frontier (2008), p. 159. Jump up^ "TreeMaker". Jump up^ Patsy Wang-Iverson; Robert James Lang; Mark Yim, eds. (2010).Origami 5: Fifth Inter national Meeting of Origami Science, Mathematics, and Education. CRC Press. pp. 335–370. ISBN 978-1-56881-714-9. Jump up^ Lang, Robert. "TreeMaker". Retrieved April 9, 2013. Jump up^ Mitani, Jun. "ORIPA: Origami Pattern Editor". Retrieved April 9,2013. Jump up^ Robinson, Nick (2008). Origami Kit for Dummies. Wiley. pp. 36–38.ISBN 978-0-470- 75857-1. Jump up^ "Origami Copyright Analysis+FAQ" (PDF). OrigamiUSA. 2008. p. 9. Jump up^ "Japanese Origami Artist Loses Copyright Battle With Japanese Television Station". Keissen Associates. Retrieved 3 Sep 2015. Jump up^ "What Does Copyright Protect?". Copyright.gov. United States Copyright Office. Re trieved 4Sep 2015. Jump up^ "House of Cards: The Complete First Season". AV Club. Jump up^ Greenwald, Ted. "Q&A: Ridley Scott Has Finally Created the Blade Runner He Always Imagined". Wired. Retrieved 14 March 2015.
The Origami
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Illustration Introduction
Illustration
The Origami
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Origami instructions Are you looking for origami instructions? You’ve come to right place! Here you’ll find out how to make many kinds if neat and ingenious items. Our instructions consists of actual photographs of the folding process to help you along. Did you know that origami came from the Japanese words “Oru” meaning to fold and ‘kami’ meaning “paper”, and that’s exactly what we do here – fold paper. There’s nothing quite like the joy you get from transforming a plain square piece of paper into a container, animal, flower and etc. It still puts a smile on our faces when we complete an origami.
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Illustration
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Illustration
The Origami
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What do you think of this website? What helped you on this website? Like it or not?
- Thanks so much for compiling instructions like these. It so much fun and incredibly helful to have everything I'd ever want to make here on this site. And the fact that you care and dedication. Thanks for everything.
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- hello, i was a complete beginner to origami before I came across your website, and successfully used your excellent instructions to create an easy elephant, a shark, a bat nand them a heron within a coup,le of hours! So, I'd like to say thanks very much, creating some impressive Origami animals was a nice relaxing diversion, supisingly fun and satisying..
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-First off i just want to say that i love your site! i haven't found a site with this good of origami instructions yet! i love that you have step-by-step instructions and photos to go along. the photos help me a TON! If i don't understand the instructions I can just look a the picture to help me along. I never thought I could do origami and I never even thought about trying. I thought that origami would be too hard for me, but since I found this site I realized that is so untrue! Ever since i found this I have been making origami and the assortment is growing by the week! I could write about much I love this site forever but I think is enough. I hope you keep on adding new origami because I'm almost though with these but just a few of the instructions were a little bit hard for me to figure out but I'm in the groove now. I would like a little bit harder looking but easy doing origami though. thank you so much for creating this site! You really are spreading jone one fold at a time! i hope i will be uploading some pictures soon1 Thanks again.