The Quill '23-'24

the quill.

The Official English School Publication of Marcial O. Rañola Memorial School

June 2023- February

PISA reveals PH’s education crisis

By: Niam Negrete

Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2022 revealed that 15-year-old students in the Philippines were still lagging in reading, math, and science, compared to learners from other countries.

The Philippines ranked 77th out of 81 countries, scoring about 120 less than the other countries’ average scores.

According to DepEd, the country is five to six years behind in learning competencies, after scoring 355 for math, 347 for reading, and 373 for science in the 2022 assessment.

Overall, the students' performance showed minimal improvement of 2.66 points from 2018-2022.

DepEd’s undersecretary for curriculum and teaching Gina Gonong, believes that the slight improvement indicates that the Philippines’ education system is “stable and resilient” considering other countries’ drop due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

The DepEd official also said that the country aims to be a top performer in the PISA in the next years.

“Maybe, working toward matching the scores of Southeast Asian countries is more realistic in the coming years… Maybe, 2029 onwards,” Gonong said.

Despite the ‘improvements,’ Vice President and Education Secretary Sara Duterte says that the 2022 PISA results “bear uncomfortable truth” in the country’s education system.

“The PISA results are not merely a reflection of our education system. It is a mirror reflecting our collective efforts, investments, and most importantly, our commitment to education and the future we envision for our children” Duterte said.

“As such, this is a call to action, a call to our collective responsibility as a nation. I call on everyone to pull our efforts together for a more resilient MATATAG education system, an education system that aims to improve learning outcomes, prioritize student and teacher wellbeing, and promote accountability to close remaining disparities,” she added.

Following the release of the 2022 PISA, Philippine Business for Education (PBEd) claims that the country’s education system is in its worst state and the performance of Filipino students is not just a problem of the education sector, but of the entire country.

Meanwhile, Sen. Sherwin Gatchalian, who chairs the Senate Committee on Basic Education, proposed to intensify DepEd’s learning recovery programs and the enactment of Senate Bill 1604, or the ARAL Program Act.

Gatchalian is eyeing a P10 Billion budget to address the country’s pandemic-related learning loss and academic recovery.

1 of 50 students still a ‘deficit’ English reader - RLA

By: Mark Agustine Mostoles

One of every 50 students in Marcial O. Ranola Memorial School (MORMS) still struggles with English Proficiency as revealed by the Rapid Literacy Assessment (RLA) Pre-test conducted for this School Year 2023-2024

According to the RLA Data in English, 181 of 7215 students in MORMS are labeled as ‘deficit’ readers with a score of less than 30%, indicating that they had poor performance in accurately reading the material provided. continue on P3

MORMS rolls out Catch-Up Fridays

Fridays in schools will never be the same again.

To enhance the learners’ academic performance, particularly the low proficiency level in reading, Marcial O. Rañola Memorial School (MORMS) implements the “Catchup Friday” program on January 2024.

This means that all Fridays will be dedicated to reading activities in all subject areas all throughout the school year.

Teachers underwent further training and lectures on the implementation of the CatchUp Fridays during the In-Service Training (INSET) on January 26, 2024.

By Diana Nicole Navarra

Furthermore, various teaching strategies will be incorporated in the lessons to make learning more fun and enjoyable for the students.

“I carefully select the appropriate reading materials to be read by the students,” Jefrry Von Obsequio, an English teacher, said in an online interview.

Catch-up Fridays will intensify the appreciation of Reading, Values, Health, and Peace Education skills to recognize the vital role of the youth in nation-building.

“With Catch-up Friday, the students will have a clearer grasp on the importance and benefits that reading would give them,” Obsequio added.

Locals fear sudden Mayon unrest

By: Niam Negrete

ALocals fear another destructive volcanic eruption and needed evacuation after Mayon volcano emitted thick layers of ashes and steam at its summit following a phreatic eruption on February 4, 2024.

The phreatic eruption lasted for four minutes and 9 seconds and generated a booming sound, rockfall, Pyroclastic Density Currents, and a 1,200-meter-tall plume that drifted to the southwest according to the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology.

Emily Odiver, a 66-year-old local was quaked to hear a thunder-like roar coming from the Mayon volcano as she worried about her four sons whom at that moment were farming near the volcano’s 6-kilometer danger zone.

Emily is a part-time “kakanin” vendor while her husband and four sons Alwin, Aldrin, Jonel, and Joven work as farmers near the foot of Mayon Volcano for a living.

In an interview, she worried about how another volcanic eruption may impact their living especially their source of income.

Emily stressed about the safety of her husband and children considering the risks in ensuring enough earnings to sustain their family’s needs.

She talked about their struggles as evacuees for years and how it affected their means of livelihood.

“Hindi ka naman makapag hanapbuhay kaya syempre problema pa rin dahil iba pa rin ang nasa evacuation center kaysa sa sarili mong bahay.” she said.

(You could not work, and that is the problem; being in the evacuation center is different when you are in your own house.)

As of the moment, the Mayon volcano remains at alert level 2, signifying a moderate level of volcanic unrest.

Php 200 GPTA collection

By: Sofia N. Navarez

This year’s General ParentsTeachers Association (GPTA) Collection on school projects worth Php 200.00 garnered criticism from parents and students of Marcial O. Rañola Memorial School (MORMS).

Based on the school publication’s recent survey, 55% of 10 students per grade level (7-12) are unaware of the ongoing collection drive, suggesting dissemination issues may be to blame.

The GPTA did not release any memorandum or resolution about the collection, but it was supposedly approved by the MORMS administration and the PTA Presidents of each grade level who attended a meeting last First Academic Quarter.

Due to DepEd’s No-Collection policy and recent controversies regarding school collections, several parents are raising their concerns as to why this proposal was approved in the first place.

Joseph P. Orogo, President of MORMS GPTA, recently addressed the parents’ growing concerns regarding the ongoing collection efforts spearheaded by the GPTA, shedding light on the challenges faced and

the need for clarity in communication.

In a candid interview on February 8, 2024, Orogo delved into the pressing issue of insufficient funds for essential school projects, including constructing and repairing comfort rooms, crucial for the well-being of MORMS' 7,000-plus student body.

He emphasized the necessity to address this shortage promptly, suggesting innovative solutions to supplement existing facilities.

“The collection aims to fund school projects like constructing new comfort rooms and renovating old ones, given that there are over 7,000 students but only 10 functional comfort rooms on campus, excluding those in classrooms. It's not enough to meet the demand.”

Clarifying the contribution system, Orogo emphasized its voluntary nature and clarified that contributions are made per parent, not per student, to ensure fairness and accessibility.

"The collection is completely voluntary and per parent and not by student. For instance, if a parent is sending 3 students to

A survey conducted at Marcial O. Rañola Memorial School (MORMS) revealed that among 500 students, 37% go to school hungry or without eating breakfast.

The survey also revealed that 21.5% of the students do not eat during recess or the allotted time for eating between classes.

MORMS had a feeding program entitled “Free Breakfast” that happened once last July 2023 conducted by the school clinic staff.

According to Mrs. Celinda N. Mimay, MORMS School Nurse, goto with egg was served for all the students who wanted to avail.

“During the event, may mga

Students of Marcial O. Rañola Memorial School fill their empty stomachs with a free breakfast by the school as an effort to the quench their hunger, enabling them to focus more on their

Photo credits: Celinda Mimay

Photo credits: Djorhiz Bartolome

Photo

collection sparks criticism

MORMS in that year, the parent shall pay just an amount of 200 pesos."

Orogo also shed light on the challenges faced in funding such initiatives, citing the DepEd's nocollection policy as a significant hurdle.

Currently, only one-and-ahalf percent of the required funds have been collected, making the situation more difficult.

“The collection is challenging because of the no-collection policy enforced by the DepEd. Currently, we've only managed to gather one-and-a-half percent.”

Regarding the timeline for contributions, Orogo hinted at a potential shift in collection schedules, indicating that they may continue after the current school year to accommodate financial constraints faced by parents.

"Maybe after the school year, that’s when we’ll start. Only a few were collected the first week of January, so we will differ from the contribution."

On a positive note, Orogo mentioned that funding proposals

have been approved by the HRPTA presidents across various grade levels, signaling progress in the initiative.

"During the meeting with HRPTA, it is already approved by HRPTA presidents by level, grade 7 to 12. I think that is good enough na approve na."

Furthermore, Orogo outlined a portion of the contributions allocated

for Student Development, for students joining extracurricular activities both within and beyond the school premises.

"There is a certain percentage for Student Development, for students competing within or outside the school.”

Iglesia receives ‘Most Outstanding Librarian in Region V’ award

By: Niam Negrete

HUNGRY MINDS

Hunger rises among students, free breakfast made available

By: Diana Nicole Navarra

breakfast provided their studies.

kasama po ako na personnel like Ma’am Cha, tapos ‘yong farm worker natin, si Ma’am Janis Olarte, and then ‘yong clinic staff Ma’am Ruby and si Si Ian, ‘yong SEF teacher,” said Mrs. Mimay.

(During the event, I was with personnel like Ma’am Cha. And the farm worker, Ma’am Janis Olarte, and then the clinic staff, Ma’am Ruby, and Sir Ian, the SEF teacher.)

Mimay said that this program was conducted because there are students who go to the clinic “mostly” because they have eaten breakfast or lunch.

This reciprocates the Social Weather Stations survey on December 8-11, 2023 that 12.6% of Filipino families experience hunger.

According to a report by the

Social Weather Stations (SWS), hunger among Filipinos rose by 2.8 points from the 9.8% of September 2023, which brings the 2023 annual hunger rate to 10.7%, 1.0 points below the 11.7% average in 2022 but 1.4 points above the pre-pandemic 9.3% in 2019.

As of December 2023, the experience of hunger was highest in Luzon at 14.3%, followed by Metro Manila at 12.7%, Mindanao at 12.0%, and Visayas at 9.3%.

The survey by SWS found that 47% of Filipino families rated themselves as “mahirap” or poor, 33% rated themselves as borderline (between poor and not poor), and 20% placed themselves as “hindi mahirap” (not poor).

However, based on the type of food eaten by the families, SWS also found that 32% of families rated themselves as food-poor,

from page 1

School Librarian Lesette M. Iglesia bagged the Most Outstanding Librarian award in Bicol Region during the Awarding Ceremony for the Most Functional School Learning Resource Center on November 26, 2023.

Iglesia received recognition for developing projects and programs to help students build up their learning and reading skills.

In an interview, Iglesia said that with the help of the English Department, non-teaching staff, and multiple Senior High School students, she was able to conduct projects such as reading programs, extended reading areas, and provide an internet connection inside the library.

Her programs and projects belong to the criteria of technical and academic advancement, linkages in networking and community involvement, and innovation.

Iglesia also looks forward to more developments and upgrades for the school’s library in the future.

The School Librarian and the MORMS Library represented the Division of Albay in the regional evaluation of the most effective Learning Resource Center (LRC)

By Mark Agustine Mostoles

Among these ‘deficit’ readers are 64 students in Grade 7, 34 in Grade 8, 42 in Grade 9, 22 in Grade 10, and 19 in Grade 11.

Meanwhile, 5,247 students are considered “established” readers, implying that they accurately and automatically read at least 80% of high-frequency words in the material provided.

On the other hand, 1,499 students are labeled as ‘emerging’ readers, while 261 students are ‘coping.’

MORMS will be implementing its RLA Post-test in the last quarter to determine if there are any improvements.

The RLA is a tool developed by DepEd Region V – Bicol to ascertain the word attack or decoding skills of Grade 4-12 learners in English and Filipino and to address learning loss among Bicolano students.

graphics by LHEYREL IGLESIA

Photo credits: Rachelle Daet

Parents and guardians attended the GPTA meeting last February 20, which tackled several school-related issue.

Photo credits: Lesette Iglesia

Guinobateña beauty queen reigns as Ms. PASUC V 2024

By: Niam Negrete

Guinobatan’s very own and Marcial O. Rañola Memorial School (MORMS) alumna Angela Sheriza O. Tino was crowned as the Ms. Philippine Association of State Colleges (PASUC) Region-V 2024 and will represent the Bicol region at the National PASUC 2024.

Tino reigned in her first crown for 2024 in the Ms. PASUC V 2024 as the representative of Bicol University during the Bicol State Universities and Colleges Culture and Arts Festival held at the Camarines Norte State

College in Daet, Camarines Norte on Feb. 07, 2024.

In the same event, Tino also brought home the titles in Best in Casual Attire and Best in Filipiniana Terno.

She will also be the representative of the Bicol region in the upcoming National PASUC at the Philippine Normal University in Manila.

The beauty queen is a resident of Barangay Travesia Guinobatan, Albay and a former student in MORMS; who’s also a Regional Schools Press Conference qualifier in radio broadcasting under The Quill.

Lim, Bernal switch schools

By: Diana Nicole Navarra

Alicia Reberta

Lim, Principal IV, and Romualdo P. Bernal, Principal II,

switched their station of service as principals on February 1, 2024.

Lim returned to Marcial O. Rañola Memorial School (MORMS), while Bernal returned as well to Daraga National High School.

Lim wants to sustain the numeracy and literacy programs that began in the previous administrations in MORMS, as interventions for learning recovery programs to improve learning outcomes in all subject areas.

She also plans to sustain the “Gulayan sa Paaralan” as

NEWS BITS

Alumni eyes grand homecoming

By Mark Agustine Mostoles

Alumni from all batches of Marcial O. Rañola Memorial School will be making a grand comeback as the Alumni Association push forward a Homecoming Reunion on March 30, 2024

MORMS hosts District PressCon

By Mark Agustine Mostoles

Masarawag National High School and Marcial O. Rañola Memorial School competed for the First Place spot of each categories in the 2024 District Schools Press Conference for Guinobatan East held at MORMS last February 13.

mitigation for food security.

Tapping stakeholders for the construction of new classrooms is also one of her priorities to meet the shortage of classrooms.

“I hope that the rooms are proportionate in all classes to make the classes regularly conducted instead of shifting,” she said in an interview.

It can be remembered that Lim was the officer-in-charge (OIC) of the school from June 13, 2019, to January 20, 2020.

Admin pushes for beautified campus

By Niam Negrete, Mark Agustine Mostoles

Cleanliness and improvement of the school grounds is the goal of the Marcial O. Rañola Memorial School (MORMS) Administration as they push for projects and initiatives promoting a more beautified campus.

The launching of the Project Beautiful Environment and Enticing Surroundings (BEES) by the TLE Department, for instance, marked the school’s movement for the cleaning and beautification of the campus through various initiatives.

According to Assistant Principal Angelica Guiriba, these initiatives significantly improved and helped the

school’s surroundings, which helped transformed MORMS from being full of trash to a now better and cleaner campus.

Through these projects, the back areas of MORMS are no longer full of trash and grass and are safer for students taking classes in those areas.

The projects also carried on with cleaning and clearing drives inside the campus, such as the pile of waste in the MAPEH area also known as the ‘Smokey Mountain,’ which is now removed and cleared.

They were also able to upgrade the fence pathways in the MAPEH and

Senior High School area through the use of recycled and indigenous materials.

Guiriba expressed her gratitude towards the cooperation of the school admins and staff who were involved in putting the project into action, and she was also grateful for the teacher and students in maintaining the cleanliness of the areas.

Furthermore, the School Administration is currently in the process of planning the painting of classrooms that will be financed by the school MOOE and is planned to be executed in the school break in June.

Photo credits: Angela Tino

Photos by: Angelica Guiriba

Photo credit: Alicia Lim

Feeding Minds and Tummies

We can’t deny it; we’re falling further and further behind. Philippines has been continuously left behind in terms of academic potency, having ranked lowest in reading, mathematics, and science among 81 countries globally in the 2022 Program for International Students Assessment (PISA).

The results indicate that Filipino students are roughly five to six years behind an average learner. The difference is obvious; there is a large gap that the Filipino students ought to catch up with.

There are too many factors that led to this, but one thing that should be looked into more is poverty.

In 2022, the Philippines’ rural population had spiked by 0.91 percent, a whopping 61,111,263 people, which covers 52.02% of the country’s entire population, and

approximately 39.4% of those people suffer from poverty.

Just imagine how many of them are in their youth.

Students with brilliant minds who have their own aspirations but cannot afford to reach them. 19.3% of those children are

"

Feed not only the minds of these poor children; they are starving, not only for knowledge but also for a meal or two.

million children are underweight and malnourished, and these same children are also made to go to school, with some not being able to afford to attend at all.

This is the cruel truth that these children are living in and if we continue to leave them struggling with one foot down the grave, what then?

Feeding programs should be frequently integrated nationwide, especially in schools.

living below the poverty line; no wonder we’re falling behind.

Due to poverty, children are starving, yet they’re expected to be able to function properly inside the classroom.

No one can learn with an empty stomach.

Three point six (3.6)

A budget can also be made to help fund school-based feeding programs. Like what is seen at Marcial O. Rañola Memorial School (MORMS), which came up with the program “Free Breakfast.” This is a good avenue for the students to be fed with the help of the stakeholders who try to help in their own little ways. This can make a difference.

These children, these students, are molded to lead this nation in the near future; thus, at this critical point, they must be nurtured both mentally and physically.

S.Y. 2023-2024

EDITOR-IN-CHIEF:

Mark Agustine C. Mostoles

ASSOCIATE EDITOR: Ma. Sofia Yzabelle N. Navarez

MANAGING EDITOR:

Vianca T. Nasayao

SECTION EDITORS:

News Editor: Mark Agustine C. Mostoles

Opinion Editor: Kate Yasmien N. Manzano

Feature Editor: Vianca T. Nasayao

Sports Editor: Chelsea Freida Ortile

Cartoonists: Lheyrel Iglesia

Literal Kate Isis

Photojournalists:

Justin Clyde R. Oyardo

Rachelle Daet

Layout Artist: Lheyrel M. Iglesia

Contributors:

Diana Nicole O. Navarra

Niam E. Negrete

Kate Yasmien N. Manzano

Francine J. Orzales

Kenneth P. Orpiana

Mickaela C. Orain

Chrizza Mae Omnes

Niño Hameed Negrete

Francine Marie P. De Ocampo

Illustration by: Lheyrel Iglesia

06OPINION

"There is pressure to learn, but the means to do so is the problem.

HELL OR HIGHWATER?

By: Kate Yasmien Manzano

Our already problematic education system is yet again faced with another problem. There has been ongoing debate about whether bringing back the old school calendar would be any good. It’s a “pick your poison” type of question, really, and it’ll all come down to a single question: would you rather study in hell or high water?

In the current school calendar, which lasts from August to June, students are going to school under the scorching heat in poorly ventilated classrooms that lack enough resources to compensate for the heat.

The government can't even provide classrooms with enough fans or other resources for ventilation, yet they expect us to be okay with this set-up.

Not to mention worsening climate change, which leads to hotter temperatures. Just in 2023, the heat index rose to 48 degrees Celsius in Butuan in April. Expecting students to study well in this environment is just delusion.

Learners will be soaked in sweat even before they enter their classrooms. It's especially hard for commuters, who can be both teachers and students, to withstand the heat.

As a student, trying to learn in sweltering heat is impossible. I

Mag-aral kang mabuti.” I’m sure we’ve all heard this more than once during our time at school. The elders urge us to study hard and get good grades. They place great value on education, even saying that it is the only thing they can pass on to us. And we did a great job at receiving exactly what they passed—an education lagging behind by 5 to 6 years.

Based on the program for international student assessment (PISA), the Philippines scored 120 points less than the average score. Every 20 points lacking from the average is equal to one year of annual pace of learning. This means that we are 6 years behind; this is more than enough time for a freshman to graduate and start a career. But that’s definitely not what our learners will be doing soon, considering the disappointing results that we received.

We are at the bottom 10 out of 81 countries in reading comprehension,

would rather get rained on than bathe in my own sweat. Air conditioning would be great, but teachers can't even be properly compensated, so wishing for such a luxury is ridiculous.

Not to mention the potential medical emergencies that the heat will bring. Heat stroke, heat rashes, heat cramps, fainting, and exhaustion will be more prevalent and can affect anyone.

Holding classes under the mango tree is not an option; installing air conditioning units is not within our capability; and improving the structure of classrooms for better ventilation is also out of the question. The best option is to just avoid the intense heat altogether.

The June to March old school calendar made it so that the months of March to May were left as a vacation period.

But the main reason why the old school calendar was replaced was because of the pandemic, which disrupted the start of the school year. Other factors, like the desire of education heads to sync with other countries' school calendars as they are more "effective,” also played a part in its implementation.

Others argue that the current school calendar is better as its vacation

period covers the months where storms are most likely to form, but unlike storms, the heat affects everyone and not just a part of the country.

There are also guidelines for handling heavy rain and typhoons, unlike the intense heat.

In fact, we cannot afford to stick to the current schedule as it affects the health and welfare of both students and teachers, which consequently negatively impacts learning outcomes.

The school calendar is not the only thing that needs change in our education; it is a place to start. Prioritizing the needs of both students and teachers is important for achieving better education.

The process of reverting back to the old school calendar should not be hurried. Cutting the school year short only leads to cramming and causes unnecessary stress for students.

I hope the process for this change is also as positive as its results.

This ineffective but exhausting education system is already such a problem that the need to create a good learning environment only increases, and it is a fact that no one would want to learn in hell.

BARELY PASSING

mathematics, and science. Any lower than this, and we might as well be digging our own grave.

As a student currently in senior high school, I didn’t have a great experience learning through this system, and seeing our country get these dismaying results is such an eye-opener. It reminds me that the educational system in the Philippines is in dire need of change.

Gina Gonong, Deped’s undersecretary for curriculum and teaching, insisted that our performance was still “positive” considering how the other candidates saw a drop in performance amidst the pandemic. I don’t know if this is an effort to make it seem like we aren’t doing that badly but it’s not working. Our stagnant performance is still significantly lower than that of other countries. They can recover their current educational system, and they will be going up in no time, but the problem in our system runs deeper than just pandemic difficulties.

There are so many problems that need to be solved; lack of resources, teachers being underpaid, and unkept facilities are only a few. What is the

By: Kate Yasmien Manzano

Department of Education doing?

Deped has ongoing projects that I can’t feel; facilities in our school are still lacking proper resources like laboratories and computer rooms. The educational system feels like forcefeeding your brain to stock all this knowledge and then puke it out on a test. I don’t think grades reflect how intelligent you are when our system only accounts for such a small percentage of students. A collective effort is needed for a change, but what’s more important is having a capable leader.

Do we have a capable leader?

The department of education is led by a person who does not even have a background in education. Deped’s secretary, Sara Duterte’s vision of “peace and discipline” will neither help nor solve the problems the education sector is facing. You cannot expect learners to learn from a person who can’t even teach.

An education expert should be the one leading the agency, especially during this time when improvements are needed. The department of education is at the top of budgets, and yet we are still ranked at the bottom.

I wonder where all that money is being spent. Maybe Gina Gonong was right; our education did remain stagnant, unimproving, unmoving, neither going forward nor back, being left behind. And it shouldn’t stay that way.

@FoolForYou

@Mrs.Owl

WWhat does campus journalism mean to you?

Campus journalism, for many, is a platform. It is through this which the voices of students echo and where ideas are exchanged. But campus journalism nowadays has become merely a fact machine, with no life behind it.

The bitter truth for most campus journalists is that their work is only relevant at press conferences. Campus journalism these days mainly focuses on winning press-cons and its purpose of reflecting the students becomes blurrier as time goes by.

Its time for a revolution.

The current format often sidelines student involvement, giving them the role of nothing but passive spectators.

PEN TO PAPER

By: Kate Yasmien Manzano

It's time for better student engagement by encouraging discussions, sparking dialogues that reflect the real concerns of students, and creating an environment where their voices are not just heard but actively sought.

Think about the stories that make our campus unique. What if we dig deeper into these stories? Can we put aside what we usually focus on and instead bring the spotlight on student projects, personal successes, and other topics that doesn’t always make the headlines?

What dreams, aspirations, and challenges define the student

experience? True campus journalism goes beyond being mere reporters; it's about becoming writers of the passions that propel change. It involves exploring beyond the surface, uncovering untold stories that shape our academic community.

Consider, for a moment, a press conference that goes beyond the expected. Imagine hearing thousands of voices of students where every question is more than a formality but a curiositydriven exploration. Students are the center of these events and therefore their voices should be the loudest.

We can be advocates for change.

"It all starts with putting pen to paper, writingby with a purpose.

@Mrs.Owl

@FoolForYou

Mrs. Owl! I am a newly registered

Recently, an old man asked me to document about the Constitution. remember him saying how the country reforms, especially in this modern refused. Did I make the right choice?

@CuriousCat

Oh hello, Mrs. Owl! I am seeing a lot of people complaining about why February 25 is no longer a holiday. Why? Is there something so significant about this date?

certainly did! It's crucial to be cautious approached to sign documents, regarding matters as significant Constitution. Always remember to intentions behind such requests ensure that you fully understand what signing. Your decision to refuse your commitment to upholding integrity of our democratic processes. staying vigilant and informed as exercise your rights as a voter. Our Constitution is not for sale. Well done!

Let us challenge the status quo and push for more engaging campus journalism. By asking meaningful questions and encouraging open dialogues, we can create platforms for conversations that matter. We can create change that matter.

Revolutioning press con journalism into true campus journalism will not be easy, but if not now, then when? And if not us, then who?

@EasyToGet

They all try to praise our education and then talk about wanting to improve it, but there are no significant actions being taken to actually stay true to their words. Hello, Mrs. Owl! I have been struggling lately because I’m afraid I’m becoming easy to get. Easy to get by fake news! I’m having a hard time determining if the information shared to me is a fact or a bluff. What should I do?

@Mrs.Owl

@Mrs.Owl

Dear @CuriousCat, indeed, February 25 holds significant historical importance in the Philippines as it marks the anniversary of the EDSA People Power Revolution, a pivotal event that led to the overthrow of a dictatorship and the restoration of democracy. The decision to remove this holiday may signal attempts to downplay or whitewash the brutalities and injustices committed during the regime of Ferdinand Marcos, Sr., whose son, Ferdinand Marcos Jr., is now in power. It's essential to remember and honor the sacrifices of those who fought for freedom and democracy during that time, and to remain vigilant in safeguarding these principles for the future. Especially now, when history is doomed to repeat itself.

Dear @EasyToGet, I understand your concerns, and it's completely normal to feel overwhelmed by the abundance of information, especially with the threat of fake news. To navigate through this, it's crucial to sharpen your critical thinking skills. Take a moment to evaluate the source of the information, check for credibility, cross-reference with reputable sources, and consider the context and potential biases. Don't hesitate to question and verify before believing or sharing any information. Trust your instincts and remember, being cautious doesn't mean being paranoid, it means being informed. You've got this!

Illustration by: Lheyrel Iglesia

By: Kenneth Orpiana

Imagine turning a ball of yarn into a masterpiece. A keychain that adds a touch of charm. A bouquet of flowers that lasts a lifetime. For many business owners, this is just their fantasy, but for Rhian Emraca it’s her reality.

Rhian is a student from Marcial O. Rañola Memorial School (MORMS) and a crochet artist that sells crocheted items on her Facebook page.

Rhian was instantly hooked when she were first introduced to arts and crafts. Drawing and painting was her forte in the field art. It is her passion, her love, such that she pursued the Special Program in Arts Curriculum (SPA) specializing in visual arts.

When Rhian first thought of turning passion into profit, sounds of doubts and uncertainties began to whisper into her ears. She over-thought about the negative feedbacks she might receive, despite the experience she had. This made her question about her ability, her skill, her talent. Luckily, friends and family were there for her to support her whole heartedly. After lots of persuasion and contemplation, she finally joined the game.

January 18, 2024, she created her Facebook

page “Rochetia.ph” where she posts her crafts with affordable and reasonable prices.

“I use Facebook in marketing my products and Messenger to communicate with customers. Since Facebook is a widely influential and known social media platform, I post my products in this platform and some people help in sharing my products that are attractive, artistic, and worth-buying”, she said.

“My primary products are crocheted items, such as crocheted flowers, keychains, and amigurumi since Valentine’s day is coming closer”, she added.

Juggling demands of business and academics requires the art of walking on a tightrope. It requires patience, discipline, focus, and mastery. As for Rhian, she tackles this quite well. She is an officer of Math Club, a contestant of various contests, and an academic achiever. In fact, she was awarded with high honors at the end of the school year 2022-2023.

“In order to stay organized, I keep track of all the tasks I need to accomplish and when to accomplish it. I use my notes app to list down everything I

need to keep in mind in both my business and school works to stay organized”, she said

“In terms of productivity and to avoid boredom, I think of crocheting as a hobby and not something I am obligated to do”, she added.

Future occurrences are not always as wonderful it’s supposed to be. Like a bouncing ball, there will be ups and downs. Rhian faced the same experience. Since the beginning of January, she was having trouble balancing her responsibilities as a small business owner and a student. She couldn’t really accomplish some of her orders due to the quarterly exam, mini recital, the preparation for UP Padunungan, and Pasinaya. Bravely, she addressed this by occupying her vacant time and spent it finishing her pending orders. At present, she already

achieved a certain significant milestone after a short span of time. That is, having her shop’s recognition and having considerate customers. She aspires that her business will be like a plant, continuing to grow from here moving on. Like her crocheted products, continuing to progress at every knit from here moving on, and be a big crocheted flower in a blooming garden. This observers glean a lesson on the significance of pursuing one’s dreams despite

By: Mickaela Orain

Are you passionate about dreaming of starting your own business? Look no further than Madeline’s inspiring journey from donut enthusiast to successful street food entrepreneur. Despite facing setbacks along the way,

a

Madeline’s story is a testament to the power of perseverance, creativity, and

love for what you do. Follow these steps inspired by Madeline’s experience to turn your culinary dreams into a reality.

Photos by: Rhian Emraca

By: Mickaela Orain

Sophia is a vibrant young woman with a passion for creativity and personal connection. Her love for do-it-yourself (DIY) projects and the art of handwritten letters has not only shaped her hobbies but also transformed her life in unexpected ways.

Crafting handmade letters is more than just a hobby for Sophia; it’s a reflection of her innermost thoughts and emotions. Each stroke of the pen and every carefully chosen embellishment carries a piece of her soul, making every Wletter a unique and personalized masterpiece. Whether it’s a simple note of appreciation or a heartfelt declaration of love, Sophia’s handmade letters have a magical quality that touches the hearts of those who receive them.

thanks to Sophia’s dedication and entrepreneurial spirit. She now shares her love for handwritten letters with a wider audience, offering bespoke stationery and custommade letter-writing services.

Today, Sophia’s business is thriving, attracting customers online or personal appreciate the beauty of handmade craftsmanship and the sentimentality of personalized messages. From custom-designed stationery sets to bespoke love letters and thoughtful gift packages, Sophia’s creations bring joy and warmth to people’s lives, one handwritten note at a time.

By: Viaca Nasayao Public dealings.

For a HUMANista like me, the word is neither new to my sense of hearing nor left untouched in my field of experience. It reechoes in my vibratory motion as frequent as the word ‘socialization’ appears in our Social Science lectures.

Sophia’s journey from crafting handmade letters as a hobby to turning it into a business was inspired by her friend’s encouragement and support. What started as a simple passion project soon blossomed into a thriving venture,

With her entrepreneurial spirit and boundless creativity, Sophia proves that passion, dedication, and a personal touch can turn a simple hobby into a successful business venture. As she continues to inspire others with her crafty endeavors and heartfelt gestures, Sophia’s legacy of love and creativity will endure, leaving a lasting impression on everyone she touches.

1. Find your passion:

Madeline’s donut business journey began on September 2023 last year by wondering if she could sell things in her classroom. Identify what ignites your passion and drives you to excel in the kitchen. Whether it’s baking, cooking, or crafting gourmet dishes, discovering what you love to do is the first step towards building a successful business.

2. Perfect Your Craft:

Building a successful business starts with mastering your craft. As Madeline spent countless hours experimenting in the kitchen, finetuning her recipes, and perfecting the art of donut-making, she practiced productive ways of learning how to become familiar with what she was doing . Whether you’re baking pastries, cooking savory dishes, or creating gourmet treats, invest time and effort into honing your skills and creating a product that

stands out from the competition.

3. Embrace Failure:

Madeline’s donut business faced its fair share of challenges and setbacks, including batches that didn’t quite meet her standards. Instead of letting failure discourage her, Madeline used it as an opportunity to learn and grow, allowing her to come up with her brand new street food business. Embrace failure as a natural part of the entrepreneurAre you passionate about dreaming of starting your own business? Look no further than Madeline’s inspiring journey from donut enthusiast to successful street food entrepreneur. Despite facing setbacks along the way, Madeline’s story is a testament to the power of perseverance, creativity, and a love for what you do. Follow these steps inspired by Madeline’s experience to turn your culinary dreams into a reality.

Not until that hazy afternoon of September 2023 came into play and changed everything.

We were merrily getting ourselves the right saturation of light under the setting sun of our classroom’s jalousie. Some of my classmates were already selecting two pictures out of their thirty shots, eliminating those that look kinky and out-of-the-way. Well, that’s how they view life-- clearing out uncertainties and seeing what remains.

But the real question is, have we really cleared everything out that day?

The moment our teacher set forth the agreement of having a dry run of businesses, we cannot fathom how hard-pressed that would be. We imagine ourselves being immersed to the entrepreneurial venture whilst undergoing through a series of upheavals in dealing with wayward customers. That some would rather submit an essay with a thousand words than have a word with a thousand of customers.

Trial journey, and use it as a stepping stone to success. Learn from your mistakes, adapt your approach, and keep pushing forward.

4. Inspire Others

Madeline’s entrepreneurial journey not only led to the success of her donut and street food business but also motivated and inspired students to pursue their own culinary ventures in business. Share your story, experiences, and lessons learned with others to inspire and empower aspiring entrepreneurs in your community.

5. Donut Give Up

Building a successful business is a marathon, not a sprint. Madeline’s journey was filled with ups and downs, but her resilience and determination never wavered. Stay committed to your vision, persevere through challenges, and

Our timetables are as jam-packed as our file cases whenever bond papers and binder clips make it even bulkier for a Case Study. However, it has been told that with hectic day comes with endless possibilities. Who would have thought that students who assertively study human behavior would risk themselves in uncertainties of a business enterprise?

The following days was labeled to be an era with organized chaos. We would wend one’s way in the market every morning, eat lunch in gobble and gulp, and finally attend our afternoon classes as if a survival mode had never been turned on. There were times where I witnessed how persuasive my classmates could ever go just to maintain their selling points unique. Good thing that we have built defenses around our convincing powers in Oral Communication back then.

Well, nothing compares to the bliss of having your hands filled with the varying colors of orange, red, violet, green, yellow, and blue bills at the end of the day. It may seem to constitute the hues of rainbow already, but it’s more of the literal translation of happiness that lies in your own hands. Lol.

If establishing exceptional reputation goes beyond the service of making people wanted at market projections, then ‘public dealings’ can never be delimited to its denotation.

never give up on your dreams. With dedication, hard work, and a sprinkle of passion, you can turn your culinary passion into a profitable business venture, just like Madeline did.

Madeline’s story is a testament to the power of passion, resilience, and entrepreneurship. By following these steps and embracing your own unique journey, you too can turn your culinary dreams into a successful business venture. So roll up your sleeves, preheat the oven, and get ready to turn your passion into profit.

The sweet taste of success awaits!

The “Suave Speaker”

This seller could sell a rock and convince you that you actually need it. With a voice that rivals a Communications major, you'll eventually find yourself buying things you never knew you needed.

The “Optimist”

No matter how many products you can name, this seller always sees its silver lining. Even if it’s a dented can of beans, they’ll still find a way to convince you that it’s a valuable collector’s item.

By: Kenneth Orpiana

The “Digital Dealer”

This seller is like software, always updated. With the latest gadgets and gizmos, this seller speaks as if everyone is a cyborg. They’ll make you believe that owning their product will be as if you live in the year 2099.

If you've ever tried to sell something, you know that there are The styles and strategies of marketing to convince customers the world of sellers and learn their ways to profit from persuasion. These are just some of the types of sellers that you might encounter inspiring, or surprising them.

The next time you go shopping, pay attention to how the seller

The “Vintage Virtuoso”

This seller is like a time traveler trapped in a thrift shop. Their store is like a paradise to seniors who seek nostalgia. It’s like the ‘80s never died once you step inside their store. Vinyl records, vintage clothes, paintings, everything retro are the products this seller sells.

Illustration by: Lheyrel Iglesia

The “DIY Diva”

Scissors and a glue gun are this seller’s best friends. They’ll turn your fantasy into a reality using their crafty hands. From crocheted flowers, to slippers made up of recycled materials, you name it! Their creations are truly Instagram-worthy. The word “impossible” is not in this seller’s vocabulary.

The “Satirical Salesman”

Satire and sarcasm are the weapons of this seller. They’ll turn your transaction into a talk show. You’ll exit their shop with a smirk and with the thought that you’ve just been part of a comedic performance worthy of a standing ovation.

are different types of sellers out there. Some are friendly and helpful, some are funny and quirky, and some are just plain awesome. customers is puzzling to figure out at first. You need to consider your capabilities to communicate properly to them. Fortunately, some successful business owners have already solved this puzzle. Explore encounter in your quest to buy something. Each one has mastered the art of persuading in a unique way of making their customers feel good about their purchase, whether it's by flattering, amusing,

seller talks to you and what they do to persuade you. You might learn something from them, or at least have a good laugh.

The “OA Overlord”

With the energy of a monkey and a voice that’s as loud as a megaphone, this seller is like a walking infomercial. Every product this seller sells will be as if they’re the answer to all of your problems.

The “Charming Chapman”

This seller is the one you can’t resist, not because of their products, but because of their undeniable charm. When you buy from them, you’re not actually paying for the product, but for the experience. An affordable date indeed. You might just leave their store loving the item and also the seller.

Media and…SMNI?

By: Niam Negrete

To unveil and speak out the truth is the media’s responsibility to our society. Telling stories serves as an eye-opener to people about what is happening in our community.

Disinformation is a threat to our society as it takes away our right to know the truth and stop us from accessing the information we need. Our country still faces a long way ahead in terminating disinformation, there are still many Filipinos deceived by fake news peddlers spreading malicious lies.

In spite of it, journalists are fighting tirelessly for press freedom following journalism ethics bound by good morals, where every striking and remarkable story is written with extensive research, critical thinking, and most importantly—dedication to inform.

On the other side of the story, while journalists continue to battle for the freedom of the press, fake news peddlers also continue to spread lies and mislead people.

Sonshine Media Network International (SMNI), is a controversial

television network that has been associated with issues regarding the history of misinformation, disinformation, and red-tagging.

Even the Securities and Exchange Commission agrees that Apollo Quiboloy—an FBI most wanted person for sex trafficking—is the ultimate beneficiary of SMNI regardless of the network’s lawyers denying Quiboloy as the owner of the network.

SMNI has a history of spreading misleading information and fake news. They were called out for claiming that President WBong Bong Marcos had already gotten a bachelor’s degree and for posting a quote card of Leni Robredo lacking context during the 2022 elections. The network was also slammed after making unverified reports regarding the 2023 travel expenses of Speaker Ferdinand Martin Romualdez.

The network also gained more criticism after releasing a news report stating that the mainstream media is “infiltrated” with NPAs. Lawsuits were both filed against two SMNI hosts by Journalist, Atom Araullo with his Mother, former BAYAN chairperson Carol Araullo, and former Partylist Congressman Teodoro “Teddy” Casino on account of red-tagging.

The network was already scolded by several lawmakers because of baseless redtagging and being “a tool for misinformation”. Without being bothered by the network’s ‘red flags’ and failure to achieve journalism standards, NTC still granted television frequencies to SMNI previously assigned to ABS-CBN before it went off-air.

Today’s world is full of uncertainty and doubts; the stories we hear may or may not be true, but we must learn to protect ourselves from lies and to stand for the truth.

Sleepless Nights, Soaring Heights

It's 1 A.M., and the laptop is the only source of light. A student is trapped in a cycle of work, pressure, and sacrifice. This is the 21st-century student life. A life that leaves no space for slumber and pleasure. A life that consumes every ounce of energy, every drop of passion, every breath of life.

The screen burns the eyes like the scorching sunlight, as it stares for a whole night. The assignments stack up like a mountain, seems impossible to finish the hike. Seeking refuge in sleep, only to be disrupted by tons of assignments and a cup of coffee. There is a finish line to reach, a score to attain, and a future to secure. This is a shared struggle among the students of the world. Millions of them endure the same burden, the agony of responsibility. They sacrifice their time, health, and money for their education. They long for sleepfilled nights, but doing this may hinder them from soaring new heights.

It’s 5 A.M., time seems to be like a blink of an eye. Finished the long hike up the mountain of assignments, but it’s also time to prepare to go to school. Can’t eat breakfast properly, and completely lost the appetite. Smelling exhaust fumes from rowdy vehicles on the streets coming to school. The teacher discusses with a voice like a lullaby, incomprehensible yet puts one to sleep. Fighting back the sleepiness to listen to the discussion, because a quiz is coming up next.

It’s 4 P.M., school is done but the duties are not over yet. Cleaning inside and outside the classroom is apparently a graded task. Every checkmark is a mission accomplished, every X mark is a sign of laziness, a deduction from the grade. Finally done, going home drained and exhausted, feet can barely walk, mouth can barely talk. Going home with again a hefty number of assignments. The cycle continues again, on weekdays

By: Kenneth Orpiana

like this. Even weekends are sometimes occupied with homework.

Is it worth it? What is the price of this quest for excellence, for success? How does it damage the well-being of the students? How does it affect their bonds with their family and friends, their interests in their hobbies and activities, and their passions for their dreams and aspirations? How does it mold their identity, values, and goals? These

questions torment the mind as the fingers fly on the keyboard, ignoring the clock that ticks away, ignoring the body that cries for rest, ignoring the soul that yearns for peace. There are no answers to these questions. There is no time to ponder them. There is only the work that must be done. And the work comes to an end after what feels like an eternity.

As the exhausted student finally wraps up the last assignment, a simple truth dawns, the endless pursuit of success comes with a cost. Juggling academics, sacrificing sleep, and missing out on life’s simple pleasures take their toll. It’s a reminder to find balance and prioritize well-being amidst the chaos of student life.

Stock Photos

In the world of politics, some names carry weight, like an anchor that holds a ship, for it to stay in place. They’re as powerful as a Crocodile’s jaw, that gnaws whatever that gets in their way. Their skin is solidly-built, hard as a rock, hard to attack, hard to penetrate. As if they were trained their whole life to get to this state, by their powerful Crocodile family.

Like any other living organism, they need to sustain their kind. So, they seek other Crocodiles to give birth to a little hatchling, so pure and innocent, ready to take what their parents give them. Growing up while being slowly exposed to wrongdoings of its family. What is it to know, figuring out what’s right or wrong, while being thought that ‘parents know the best’. Little hatchling mimic’s its parents like a parrot, who knows ‘how to do’ but not ‘why they do’.

It grows bigger, it starts to train. Little by little, mouth gets wider,

By: Kenneth Orpiana

determination and resilience. It’s a risky game, one it’s willing to play to sustain their power, their fame. It eats what its family give, the meat of their pitiful prey, the blood of their rivals, the souls of the weak. Yet, amidst the feasting and dominance, a constant feeling sneaks beneath the waves. Doubt creeps in like a silent current, questioning the righteousness of its acts.

As the river flows on, so does the cycle of power and dominance. The hatchling, now a humongous crocodile, finds itself at the peak of its dynasty. Yet, with each passing wave, the weight of its choices grows heavier, burdening its conscience like a stone sinking slowly into the deepest depths of the sea. It realizes that true strength lies not in bounty, fame, or power, but in empathy, compassion, and integrity. But it’s too late now, a new hatchling is born with a fate like itself. The cycle continues yet again, like a rollercoaster, it never ends.

on its conscience like an anchor dragging it into the deep and dark ocean. Despite its impressive size and power, the crocodile finds itself trapped by the fallout of its own choices, doomed to repeat its past mistakes. Eventually, it gives in to the very darkness it once thought master, serving as a clear warning about the dangers of illegal ambitions.

Abetter life is a wish most Filipino bettors have as they bet and bet on different Philippine Charity Sweepstakes Office (PCSO) lotteries.

Every day, numerous Filipinos put in hard work for extended hours non-stop to pit butter to their bread. For decades, they have been betting with their extra earnings

By: Kenneth Orpiana

least a chance to alleviate their family from daily hardships and challenges.

On the 16th of January 2024, PCSO recorded a whopping Php265 million in sales in just a span of 24 hours. This is by far, the highest sale of lottos recorded in 5 years since the 14th of October 2018. This was made possible after they changed up the game by raising the guaranteed prize for Grand Lotto 6/55, Ultra Lotto 6/58, and Super Lotto 6/49 to PHP500million each after the launch of “Handog Pakabog” Christmas draws last December 16. With this, they also raised the jackpot prize for Lotto 6/42 and Mega Lotto 6/45 to PHP100-million each towards the end of 2023.

In fact, nangingilid yung luha niya”, PCSO assistant general manager Lauro Patiag said.

On Tuesday night, a lone bettor was blessed beneath a shooting star and took home the 6/49 jackpot worth over PHP600-million after the combination 26-33-1448-06-42 was exactly guessed by the winner.

In Albay, a government employee also bagged a PHP571-million jackpot prize in the Ultra Lotto 6/58 draw last December 29. She claimed the prize at the Office of PCSO last January 2 of 2024.

“This morning, she claimed the prize, accompanied by her brother. She was really nervous.

“Ang masasabi ko lang sa mga nagsasabi na hindi totoo ang mga nananalo sa Lotto ay nagkakamali po kayo. Kailangan niyo tumaya para malaman niyo na totoo ang lotto”, the lucky woman said.

dissatisfaction or emptiness despite the stability provided by employment. But the thought of being future-secured after a scratch on a paper is undeniably comforting and alleviating knowing the security against life’s unpredictable uncertainties in the future.

It's crazy how a combination of numbers can change someone’s life. It's like being the protagonist in a story, where every digit holds the potential to rewrite one’s fate and alter the course of their journey. It is truly not impossible to win a game of probability unlike some people say. Someone may lose on a bet, but someone may also win a battle against the obstacles of life.

It’s just like a game, sometimes you win, sometimes you lose. The point is, at least you tried with no regrets. After all, we live in an unfair world.

Stock Photos

To Destroy A Planet

By: Chrizza Mae Omnes

A little heat shouldn’t be too bad, right?

Like a microwave, the atmosphere is slowly and steadily heating up our planet. Year by year, the average global temperature rises, and its effects on our environment worsens as time passes. Plants are dying, river beds are drying up, and summer months are becoming even hotter.

Now, the heat is becoming too much. According to the journal Nature Climate Change, the average global temperature had skyrocketed to about 1.7 C. This number is heading nearer and nearer to the feared 2 C surface temperature, whose disastrous effects could permanently affect the environment and its inhabitants.

The continuous effects of global warming had been increasing at a fast rate since the mid-1800s. A study was conducted by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) on a species of sea sponge species named

Ceratoporella nicholsoni. The results of this research showed that the rise of the global temperature had occurred earlier than the IPCC had estimated.

The ratio of strontium to calcium within C. nicholsoni could detect the increase of the ocean’s temperature. By studying the sponges’ composition, they were able to deduce that the abrupt warming started within the 1860s, 40 years earlier than the IPCC’s estimations.

1860 was over 100 years ago. But what pushed the global surface temperature to increase at a significant rate in only a century?

One of the leading causes is the emission of greenhouse gases, such as methane and carbon dioxide. These gases are emitted through a number of means, but the most common way to produce greenhouse gases

are through the use of fossil fuels.

Fossil fuels are the type of fuels that have been used by the whole world since the Industrial Revolution. By burning these fuels, one can produce energy enough to power a number of appliances, mechanisms, and even whole countries. Yet at the same time, they also expel smoke and carbon dioxide into the air, which further contributes to the effects of greenhouse gases.

Global warming is truly a struggle to many. Once the surface temperatures hit 2 C, the world would never be the same again. How should the world fix this?

The end agreement of the COP28 United Nations Climate Change Conference calls for the end of the use of fossil fuels around the world. Not only that, this agreement also pushes nations

A little heat isn’t going to hurt anyone. But this isn’t just a little heat.

to turn to more renewable and safer energy sources aside from fossil fuels, such as solar and wind. After all, fossil fuels aren’t renewable and were bound to run out any day and any moment.

By this notion, multiple nations are urged to take action in order to cut down the emission of greenhouse gases. Not only that, it could even help in lowering the global temperatures and potentially stall global warming. Cutting down fossil fuel use completely could reduce greenhouse gas emission by almost 75 percent – a very big cutdown indeed.

One could imagine the relief in many people’s expressions once global warming lessens. No more intense summer days, no more dried river beds, and no more dried plants. Yet for now, this is only just a mere aspiration – an aspiration the world wishes to achieve in a few years time.

DOST Sounds Alarm On Possible Drought In 2024

By: Maria Sofia Navarez

The Department of Science and Technology warned that 65 provinces in the Philippines may experience drought by May 2024 due to the effects of a stronger El Niño phenomenon.

“At least 65 provinces, or 77 percent of the country's total provinces, are expected to experience drought by the end of May 2024 due to a "strong" El Niño,” DOST Secretary Renato Solidum Jr. said at a press briefing on December 12, 2023.

A dry spell, lasting three months with below-average rainfall, and a dry condition,

lasting two months with less rain, are expected along with drought according to the DOST.

Solidum emphasized the intensification of El Niño, revealing that sea surface temperatures have risen over 1.5 degrees centigrade, prompting the DOSTPAGASA to issue El Niño Advisory No. 6 on December 6, 2023.

Meanwhile, Solidum calls for a collective effort in sectors such as health, water, agriculture, sanitation, and peace and order, to ensure “readiness” for the expected drought.

The Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical, and Astronomical Services Administration (Pagasa) confirmed El Niño's presence, predicting it will strengthen in the coming months.

In response to the situation, President Marcos has directed government agencies to coordinate plans to address water, agriculture, energy, health, security, and education issues, recognizing the urgent need for a collective effort.

Students champ science in int’l, local tilts

By: Diana Nicole Navarra, Mark Agustine Mostoles

Marcial O. Rañola Memorial School (MORMS) bags numerous awards from different Science competitions across the locality and at the international level.

In the School Year 2023-2024 alone, students gained recognition across various contests for bringing home pride and excellence for the school in the field of Science.

GOING INTERNATIONAL

Myzel S. Sabdao and Francine J. Orzales from the Science, Technology, and Engineering Academic Track of Grade 9 clinched two Bronze Medals each in the Hong Kong International Science Olympiad 2023 Heat Round held last November 26 online.

Sofia Marie Sales of 10 - Galileo and Mark Nelson Ofrasio also won two Merit Awards each in the same contest.

According to Sabdao, it was her first time joining such a competition and it was a good experience for her journey as a student,

She is also grateful to have had the chance to participate and represent the school in the contest.

Sabdao and Orzales are gearing up to compete for the Final round of the competition that will be held in Singapore in July 2024.

“We prepared for the competition through self-pacing, and

also reviewing received curriculum guides. We started to prepare around 2-3 weeks before the competition,” Coach Mr. Jaypee Conda said.

“Personally, it is quite the opportunity to participate in such a competition, let alone be able to bring back a bronze award— since I am faced with students that root from tough and prestigious schools. It is both an enjoyable and thrilling experience,” he added.

TAKING PRIDE IN LOCAL ARENAS

For July 20, MORMS was able to claim 1st runner-up at the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) Debate for the Environment, 3rd place in the Regional STEMazing, and the DENR Eagle Quiz placing 4th.

For November MORMS garnered 6 of 6 awards from the Division Science and Technology Fair and 2 of 3 awards from the Department of Science and Technology (DOST) Regional

Science and Technology Week.

Meanwhile, the school also participated in the Regional Science and Technology Fair held at Gaisano Mall, Legazpi from November 22-24, 2023.

Coached by Gladys O. Ofracio, Risen Hannah S. Lustan won 6th place in the Research and Intelligent Machine (Individual Category).

Franco T. Felices with Coach Domingo Tuazon II also joined the Mathematics and Computational Science Competition.

For the Robotics Maze Solving, John Patrick Orfano, Lindsay Cesar, and Abrayan Napa were coached by Mr. Dexter Bryan Carlo.

In July 2024, MORMS struck two awards in the UP Ibalon Padunungan 2024, with Chiz Ryan Oyardo clinching Gold in the

Tigsik Writing Category and Mark Agustine Mostoles winning Silver in the Impromptu Speech Category.

LOOKING AHEAD, MOVING FORWARD

On the other hand, the school is gearing up for their forthcoming competitions at the National and International level.

The Science Department is once again preparing its students for the SIHAY National Biology Olympiad to be held at the University of the Philippines Los Baños in Laguna, and the Pilipinas RoboSports Tournament hosted by the De La Salle Medical and Health Sciences Institute at Dasmariñas, Cavite.

Students are looking forward to participating in different competitions, DepEd organized or not.

Photos by: MORMS Science Club

A Threefold of Excellence

By: Chrizza Mae Omnes

Research is a challenge to many students. Revisions here, experimentations there – it is a continuous cycle of fixing and testing until the desired result is found.

By this, many students

are becoming more and more discouraged to take this particular subject, their fear of failure prevailing.

But not everyone failed in doing research. Better yet, there have been researches that have been pursued so far that it even

Obagged awards and have been part of major competitions and exhibitions. And all of these were done by their hard work and perseverance.

From bio-fuels to a contraption that could measure area, meet the three honorable

BIO-ETHANOL FROM CACAO?

To many, cacao husks are merely the waste product of producing chocolate. So naturally these ‘wastes’ are also known to be thrown away quickly after the seeds are extracted.

But, researcher

Shiela Mae Nieves picked up these thrown-out husks and turned it into something more than just a waste.

Through a series of extractions and distillations,

OILY NIGHTMARE NO MORE

il spills are considered to be one of the most disastrous marine incidents recorded. Not only that, its effects are also heavily destructive and widespread.

One particular event that showcased its widespread effects of oil spills is the MT Princess Empress Oil Spill incident back in 2023. Its effects lasted for over four months, and the damage caused by the spill totaled to 5 billion pesos. A hefty sum, indeed.

Faced with such a problem, three Grade 10 students present their solution to the issue – a robotic oil collector.

Felices – aimed to create a oil-absorbing aquatic vehicle that could be controlled via one’s smartphone. Yet the most important part of the device is the oil absorber, in which they used coconut coir to do so.

Coconut coir, or coconut fibers, are the hair-like and fibrous part found in between the inner and outer husk of the coconut fruit. Its porous nature and ability to absorb water and heavier fluids like oil made it the perfect ‘sponge’ for the job.

Nieves had turned the cacao husks into a substance called bio-ethanol. The bio-ethanol produced from these husks can now be used as an alternative energy source to power up machines and potentially even houses.

But, why cacao pods? What pushed the researcher to use such an ingredient?

In Bicol Region, cacao is said to be abundant in many parts and provinces. Nieves took this

research pioneers hailing from Marcial O. Rañola Memorial School (MORMS), whose hard day’s work paid off through their exceptional and groundbreaking research studies.

Photos by: MORMS Science Club

opportunity to make use of a local specialty and test the pod’s properties that could be made into bio-fuel.

Creating a new energy source is quite difficult. But with a keen mind, one might find that the solution may just be around the corner. And Nieves did just that.

Nieves’ bio-ethanol study won first place in Division Science and Technology Fair in the category Physical Science – Solo.

With just a smartphone, one could easily manipulate this oilabsorbing machine. Its efficient design and easy mechanism made this device effective and proficient when it comes to situations like oil spillages. Truly a remarkable innovation.

Mostoles and his group won second place in the Division Science and Technology Fair in the category Robotics and Intelligent Machine – Team.

AREA EQUALS LENGTH AND WIDTH

hen it comes to mathematics, one of the main things students have to learn is finding the area. And the most common areas to find is that of a rectangle.

Yet, calculating

the area is quite timeconsuming and difficult at times. And students, engineers, and many more would agree. Meet Josh Orgasa and his team’s Ultrasonic Area Calculator –the newest way to calculate the area of four-sided figures or quadrilaterals. Through sensor readings of the figure’s length and width, the area calculator could now calculate a nearaccurate area value of the figure.

The magic of robotics can trulymake dreams happen. And Orgasa’s team’s aspiration had been reached – they had successfully created a device that could solve the area faster than before.

There is no doubt that these three winning researches have caught the eye of many. Not only did it provide a new innovative way of solving problems, it also persuaded other aspiring researchers to follow in their footsteps and persevere. If these three don’t fail, there is a chance that others wouldn’t too.

THREE PIONEERS, THREE GROUNDBREAKING STUDIES. MAYBE SUCCESS DOES COME IN THREES.

EXPERIMENTATION and CALCULATIONS

By: Chrizza Mae Omnes

Combining the two might not be so bad, after all. Mathematics and science could either be a student’s favorite subject or their living nightmare. Either way, no one would wish to deal with both at the same time.

But, what would happen if these two were together?

Several mathematical concepts and branches, such as geometry and calculus, could be used to explain certain phenomena in subjects like physics and engineering. Aside from that, these concepts could also significantly help in the development of new technologies and innovations.

One good example of such an invention is the electric generator. With a series of mathematical calculations and estimations, the electric generator could be used efficiently and effectively without any problems. Concepts such as EMF (electromotive force) and angular velocity are directly connected to the field of calculations.

figures in the field of engineering and robotics.

Now, there are many types of calculators. Some are versatile in solving numerous types of problems and equations, while some are programmed to measure and calculate specific parameters, such as area and volume. A group of MORMSian researchers led by Josh Orgasa created their own area calculator using their knowledge in robotics, and was effective in calculating near-accurate area values of quadrilaterals or foursided figures.

" Maybe the two being together might not be so bad after all. "

Mathematics and sciences truly can change the world. It could create groundbreaking inventions together, and collaborated in making people’s

This invention is a prime example of mathematics helping sciences. But, could science help mathematics, too? Is it possible to create a device that could help in relieving their difficulty in the subject of mathematics?

The calculator might be the most important example of a scientific invention aimed to help in calculations. The first version of the calculator was created by French physicist Blaise Pascal back in 1642, and was later modernized by a number of prominent

lives, schooling and jobs much easier. Now, these inventions and innovations are being used all around the world – whether it be students, engineers, mathematicians, scientists, or even commonfolk. The discoveries and creations of these devices showcased that the concepts Mathematics and science are most powerful when they are together.

Maybe in the future, pioneers of inventions and calculations could create even more eye-opening and significant creations. Better

Potential hindered by Pesos

Everything comes at a price, especially research.

Research is the sole reason for every innovation and advancement made in human history, no matter how small of an impact it may have.

Through the years, aspiring student-researchers from MORMS have presented numerous research proposals and investigatory projects that showed great potential and have contributed new findings to the different fields of Science, Technology, Mathematics, and many more.

Despite the limitless possibilities these research projects could have, all of them have one thing in common – Its drawbacks. One of the most common problems that researchers face is the expenses that come with the research.

Most research projects in the fields of the Science and Technology that have potential are usually the ones that require specific materials and equipment in order to obtain the most accurate results and observations. More often than not, these can be quite expensive.

In the Junior High School of MORMS, Research is only offered to students under the Science, Technology, and Engineering Curriculum. So naturally, most – if not all – students’ research projects revolve around Science, Technology, innovations, and development.

Based from personal experience, coming up with a research topic is quite difficult itself, let alone the actual experimentation process plus the gathering of materials and equipment. Despite all of that, studentresearchers still persevere through the hardships all in the name of science.

Mark Mostoles, an STE student of MORMS, and his team came up with a research project that focused on building an Oil-absorbing Aquatic Surface Vehicle (OASV). In building it, this robot requires many components, which are quite expensive and difficult to acquire.

This research has a lot of potential considering that roughly one million Filipinos rely on fishing as livelihood and oil-spills cause a great loss of livelihood for them.

I firmly believe that studentresearchers, considering that they are only students, should not be hindered by expenses from contributing to society through their innovations. It is only right that schools show their utmost support and take part in the project by at least aiding the researchers with their expenses.

In an ever-changing world driven by innovations and discovery, great ideas should be persevered despite obstacles, as each attempt to change the world is what triggers it to do so eventually.

Illustration by: Kate Isis Literal

From Struggle to Strength: A Stepping Stone for Success In Sports

“If there is a will, there is always a way.” A proverb implies that if someone desires something, they have to do something, regardless of the situation.

fans both in the Philippines and worldwide. His one-of-a-kind story will continue to inspire and it will always portray the journey of what millions of Filipinos continue to aspire for.

MORMS Medal Loot:

MORMS dominates with Golds, Silvers, and Bronzes

By: Chelsea Freida Ortile

NO MATTER WHAT SPORTS

In the world of sports, there is a misconception that one must come from a privileged background to excel. Financial strain can limit access to athletes such as nutritious foods, healthcare, and proper training equipments, which are all essential for optimal athletic performance. However, time and time again, athletes have proven that passion and determination can defy all odds, including poverty.

Manny ‘Pac-Man’ Pacquiao is recognized as one of the greatest professional boxers of all time. He is the only eight-division world champion in the history of boxing and has won twelve (12) major world titles during his four-decade career. In an interview with Pacquio, he expressed that growing up, he went to bed hungry most times. He quit school at the age of 10 and was introduced to boxing at 12. At 14, he did construction jobs just to earn money and help his mother. His talent as a boxer was recognized at 16. He trained crazily, till dusk to dawn.

Cristiano Ronaldo is one of the greatest players in the field of all time. Like Pacquiao, Ronaldo’s life was far from perfect before. He grew up in a struggling family, his mother even considered terminating her pregnancy. Growing up, he and his family lived in a tin-roofed home that overlooked the ocean. His life was harsh, Ronaldo’s dad, Dinis, often drank too much and didn’t live a long life due to kidney problems. Cristiano’s mother, Dolores, worked as a cook and cleaning person to keep her children alive and fed. He also had to clean streets and beg for food to support his family.

At the age of 9, Ronaldo was introduced to the field by his father. He liked football and quit school at 14 to practice full-time. With his perseverance and dedication, he pushed himself to the limit to achieve his goals and became the man who he is today. Ronaldo is recognized as the world’s highest paid athlete and a five time FIFA (Fédération Internationale de Football Association) player of the year.

Poverty may present challenges, but it should never be an excuse to give up on your passion for sports. For

Intrams roar comeback despite setbacks

By: Mark Agustine C. Mostoles, Niño Hameed P. Negrete

Approaching, Stance

By: Niam Negrete

Marcial

O. Rañola Memorial School’s Arnis team is getting their stances ready to bring more victory titles in their upcoming matches, in honor of the school.

In an interview, one of the school’s Arnis coach Evelyn Ocfemia said that they have been conducting trainings at the MORMS Salceda Gym and Guinobatan East Central School for months as preparation for their upcoming competitions.

According to her, the school’s Arnisadors dedicate time and effort to perfect their stances during long trainings after classes and during weekends, developing strategies to ensure that they will be ready to compete for this year’s events.

She also said that the anisadors start their training sessions with a routine; work out, stances, cool down, repeat.

However, she admitted that behind the long hours of practice, there

is still a lot to work for the arnis players.

team has been winning titles and medals during competitions such as cluster meets, to division, and making their ways to the regional and national contests.

medals during The 2nd Senator Juan Miguel Zubiri Arnis Cup 2023, they also went home as the overall champion of the 2023 cluster meet with 18 gold and 16 silver medals;

the MORMS arnis team is looking forward for more in this year’s cluster meet on February 1-3 2024.

nbothered by the numerous setbacks, Marcial O. Rañola Memorial 2023 Intramurals after nearly four years of hiatus since the

The three-day event, which features several sports and recreational succumbing to numerous challenges such as budget limitations,

UNFOLDING THE CHALLENGES

Multiple pieces of feedback were expressed by the MORMS students due to their high expectations for the event and for it being “simple” and “different” from the previous ones.

According to the MAPEH Department, the challenges posed by the pandemic required them to adopt and make adjustments to ensure the safety of everyone involved.

Additionally, this decision to host "simpler" intramurals was due to budget constraints, time constraints, and the goal of focusing more on core objectives, as explained by the Department.

They also said that the budget and time constraints imposed on the event were due to several “other” factors.

WHEN TRAGEDY STRUCK

Numerous suspensions due to heavy rainfall and the transport strike meanwhile postponed the students’ excitement as the sports events originally scheduled for November 17-18 were temporarily canceled.

Photos by: Justin Clyde Oyardo

Photo by: Justin Clyde Oyardo

illustration by: Lheyrel Iglesia

ORMS wrapped up the Cluster Meet 2024 with a medal haul of 89 golds , 44 silvers, and 27 bronzes, held at different schools in Guinobatan such in Marcial O. Ranola Memorial School, Travesia Elementary School, and Guinobatan East Central School, last February 1-3, 2024.

A total of 42 golds tallied into MORMS’ statistics from the boy’s category of athletics (13), taekwondo (9), arnis (7), archery (4) , swimming (2), badminton (2), chess (2), wushu (2), and lawn tennis (1).

Same categories from the boys also pulled 29 silver medals with arnis (10), athletics

WHAT

(6), chess (4), archery (4), dancesports (2), swimming (1), badminton (1), and lawn tennis (1).

Bronzes by these categories and attained a total of 11 with archery (3), swimming (3), lawn tennis (2), wushu (2), and chess (1).

As for the girls’ categories that topped up with 39 golds in arnis (14), taekwondo (7), athletics (4), archery (4), swimming (3), chess (3), badminton (2), lawn tennis (1), and wushu (1).

A total of 15 silvers were recognized from the same categories with swimming (4), archery (3), taekwondo (2), dancesports (1), arnis (1), badminton (1), wushu (1), athletics

(1), lawn tennis (1), arnis (1), and wushu (1).

Sixteen (16) well-deserved bronzes were also served in the categories thereof with swimming (16), athletics (4), archery (4), lawn tennis (1), and chess (1).

Team categories also clenched the top spot such as Men’s Volleyball, and Women’s Volleyball, 3x3 Women’s Basketball, Men’s Basketball, Women’s Basketball, Softball, Football, and Futsal. All individual’s blood, sweat, and tears were nevertheless worth it during the Cluster Meet 2024 and continue to train for the coming Provincial Meet this February 24, 2024.

VICTORIOUS SHUTDOWN

Memorial School kicks off the comeback of the highly-anticipated pandemic.

recreational activities, opened its doors last November 16 despite limitations, time constraints, and severe weather conditions according to

After in what it feels like a century, the event was finally rescheduled to resume on November 23 to 24.

A ROOM FOR IMPROVEMENT

On the other hand, the Department said that they “appreciate the valuable feedback from the students expressing a preference for the pre-pandemic Intramurals.”

They stated they are committed to “continuously improving the current system” while exploring ways to “recapture the spirit of the vibrant Intramurals everyone enjoyed before the pandemic.”

Meanwhile, the MAPEH Department emphasized their main goal in this event, which is to promote sportsmanship, teamwork, and a sense of community rather than elaborate arrangements, focusing more on the skills of the athletes themselves.

Moreover, the Department thanked the multiple stakeholders and sponsors who have assisted in hosting the intramurals.

"

We extend our heartfelt appreciation for the invaluable support and commitment from the stakeholders during this year's intramurals.

stated MAPEH Department Officer in Charge (OIC) Evelyn Ocfemia.

MORMS shoots down DNHS, 3-1

By: Chelsea Freida Ortile

" I am grateful and appreciative of the assistance provided to our team.

stated John Mhel Rito

MORMS reigns as champions in a football duel against DNHS, 3-1, during the Cluster Meet 2024 last February 2, 2024 at Albay Provincial Sports Complex in Guinobatan, Albay.

Rufirt Argonajota of MORMS welcomed their rivals as he took the lead for MORMS in the 1st half with the 1st goal in the 30th minute.

Followed by John Mhel Rito scored the 2nd goal for MORMS in the 39th minute.

DNHS tried to make a comeback in the last minutes of the first half but it was short-lived as WWBlue Frial of MORMS took the field with the 3rd goal for MORMS and made a pulsating finish.

John Mhel Rito was named the MVP of the match, thanks to his impressive performance and also the help of the other players to the team’s victory.

“Masaya po ako tas sa mga tumulong po sa team namin.” the star player, John Mhel Rito, proudly quoted.

The victor also concluded to those who are interested in the same track of sports to trust themselves and to give their best.

The MORMS Football Team trains for the forthcoming Palarong Panlaalwigan to be held in Albay Provincial Sports Complex in Guinobatan, Albay, this February 21-24.

Living Life, One Kick at a Time

By: Francine De Ocampo

MORMS

Taekwondo kicked their way into joining Palarong Panlalawigan as the athletes bagged 18 medals in total: 16 golds, 2 silvers, in the Cluster Meet 2024, last February 1, held at Marcial O. Rañola Memorial School, Guinobatan, Albay.

MORMS taekwondo players are determined to bring victories to their school finally paid them back.

Taekwondo Boy's Category snatched 9 gold medals from the event thereof; Klyde Terrence Olaguera (FinWeight), Kurt Russel Nuel (FlyWeight), Glenn Nickolai Dacillo (FeatherWeight), Nhogie Boy Literal (LightWeight), Vince Armanio (WelterWeight), Kirk Henrich Broñoso (OpenWeight), and Ivan Nacional (Poomsae Mixed).

Their female counterparts clinched 9 medals: Ruthella Gem

Llames (FinWeight), Ave Gale Broqueza (FeatherWeight) , Marcy Francine Baliat (WelterWeight), and Ashriel Olavario (Trio) of the girls taekwondo players seize gold medals while Anz Hart Nasol, and Cris Jay Padolina take a hold of silver medals.

Nadine O. Broñoso was awarded with 2 gold medals for mixed and trio as well with Yna Naomi Faye Paguio that also took 2 gold medals for solo A and trio.

Also a special mention to Orwel Nasol who will still be participating in the Palarong Panlalawigan 2024.

Each and every coach has taught them a valuable lesson in their journey in taekwondo, so they will repay them back with medals for the proud school.

Athletes thereof look forward for the coming Palarong Bicol 2024, February 21-24.

SPORTS

took his first strides on the track and sister, who were former players of the same track of sport. Obanon found solace and purpose in the realm of the fields.

Being a varsity player was a pleasure but also a pressure. And for him, it played a pivotal role in his academic success, being a scholar through sports provided him with numerous complementary opportunities.

Fighting Her Way to Glory: The Golden Struggle of a Student-Athlete

By: Chelsea Freida Ortile

Being a student and an athlete at the same time can be a challenging and a difficult task to manage, but it is something that someone has been able to balance from a young age. For most students, particularly for those who have found their passion in athletics, they are not only fighting against their academic trials, but also their physical ones.

The sport Arnis was introduced to Mickaella Cabiasa when she was in 6th grade at Guinobatan East Central School. Ever since then, it has become an integral part of her life, giving her a sense of purpose and motivation to strive for excellence. She vividly remembers the time when she got excited watching her favorite athletes competing to achieve what they are aiming for, the lucrative gold medallion around their necks.

Watching and getting inspired by athletes who have worked so hard and dedicated their time and energy to their craft, motivated her to aspire towards excellence. Their willingness to tirelessly train and push themselves to the limit in order to be the best version of themselves is what inspired her to pursue this sport.

To be a student-athlete was not easy for Cabiasa. Managing time was the biggest challenge, she said. She had to juggle her schoolworks with her rigorous training, indeed some of the most tiring days of her life. Even with the freedom and privilege that comes with being a studentathlete, Cabiasa had to make sure that she accomplished all of her schoolworks before she could step inside the ring.

Even after 7 hours of school and 3 hours of training, she mustered enough energy to finish her other

responsibilities at home such as helping out and doing her household chores and school projects. As night fell, she returned home to a hearty meal prepared by her mother before hitting the bed to be awake again at dawn for another day of hard work and grinding.

Cabiasa’s perseverance has brought joy to her face and to her entire school community when she came home with the coveted gold medal around her neck. To her, the awards she has earned were more than just a sign of the hard work she had put in daily, but also proof that her steadfast belief that she can achieve bigger things has come true.

Cabiasalso has advice to people who are interested in the sport Arnis. "Mag-enjoy sa bawat oras ng training. Gawing lesson at motivation lahat ng sasabihin ng coaches, teachers, at trainers, negative or positive man ang sasabihin."

She also reminded aspiring athletes to always stay humble on all the achievements they may receive, believe in themselves no matter what challenges they might face during training, and most importantly, do not forget the value of respect, whether it be to your co-players, coaches or to the Arnis sport itself.

In the face of exhaustion, doubt, academic pressure, and a rigid training schedule, Cabiasa reminds herself of her passion and determination in whatever she does. It is this passion and dedication that has helped keep her dreams intangible to reality, and while it is not an easy road that Mickella took, undoubtedly the fruits of the seeds she sowed will

it.

he had. The journey of independence was not a smooth road for him. Lots of adjustments were found in his footing. Another trial came to him in the form of injury. He thought it would be the end of his career as he could barely walk and run, it was a prime component in his sport.

Reminiscing good old days, Obanon expressed immense gratitude to MORMS. He vividly remembers how supportive his mentors were to him including Coach Gie Munda Anonuevo, Coach Marty Murillo, Coach Mark

his journey.

As a respect to his alumni, he visits the school and helps the current athletes of MORMS during trainings, via messenger. He feeds them with advice on what to do on respective events.

Obanon’s wall of achievements boasts a Silver Medal that happened recently during the UAAP Season 86 and a gold and silver medals from the National Philippine Games, all happened in one year. Wearing UST Men’s Track and Field colors, he

Guinobatan, Albay.

“Number one na ma-aadvice ko po sa mga gusto pong pumasok sa larangan ng palakasan ay mahalin po nila ang sports na gusto nila at desiplinahin po nila ang kanilang mga sarili dahil wala na pong ibang susi or way para tumagal at mag success sa sports na gusto nila.” He quoted.

Jasper Obanon continues to train as he is expected to meet more victories in his journey.

nevertheless be worth

Photo by: Mickaella Cabiasa

Photo by: The Varsitarian

illustration by: Lheyrel Iglesia