SUBMIT A RESOLUTION FOR THE 2023 CONGRESS OF DELEGATES

Missouri Academy of Family Physicians (MAFP) Members are invited to make a recommendation to the MAFP Board of Directors to consider a resolution to be submitted on behalf of our members at this year’s AAFP Congress of Delegates, October 25-27, 2023, in Chicago.

The MAFP considers many issues that are important to our members. The American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP) Congress of Delegates (COD) meets annually to develop and set policy for the AAFP and to elect its officers and the AAFP Board of Directors (BOD).

More information about submitting a resolution can be found on our website https://www.mo-afp.org/about/ congress-of-delegates/.

Goodrich Selected for Osteopathic Family Physician Project Advisory Group

The American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP) recently established the Osteopathic Family Physician Project Advisory Group or DO-PAG. The DO-PAG is being convened to assist the AAFP in attaining insights regarding the professional and practice needs of Osteopathic Family Physicians.

Dr. Sterling Ransone, AAFP Board Chair, selected six members to serve on the advisory group, including representatives from each chapter size (small-extra large), a new physician, and a resident. MAFP Resident Director Wesley Goodrich, DO, MPH, was selected as the resident member. Dr. Goodrich is a PGY-2 at the University of Missouri – Kansas City’s Family Medicine Residency Program.

Using Motivational Interviewing to Discuss Vaccine Hesitancy

pages 6-9

1. A Brief History of Vaccination (who.int) (https://www.who.int/news-room/spotlight/ history-of-vaccination/a-brief-history-of-vaccination)

2. McAteer J, Yildirim I, Chahroudi A. The VACCINES Act: Deciphering Vaccine Hesitancy in the Time of COVID-19. Clin Infect Dis. 2020;71(15):703-705. doi:10.1093/cid/ciaa433

3. Larson, H. J., Gakidou, E., & Murray, C. J. L. (2022). The Vaccine-Hesitant Moment. The New England journal of medicine, 387(1), 58–65. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra2106441

4. DeStefano F, Thompson WW. MMR vaccine and autism: an update of the scientific evidence. Expert Rev Vaccines. 2004;3(1):19-22. doi:10.1586/14760584.3.1.19

5. Yasmin F, Najeeb H, Moeed A, et al. COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy in the United States: A Systematic Review. Front Public Health. 2021;9:770985. Published 2021 Nov 23. doi:10.3389/fpubh.2021.770985

6. Gillray J. The cow-pock, or, The wonderful effects of the new inoculation (satirical cartoon), by James Gillray; H. Humphrey St. James’s Street (pub), 1802. Available at: https:// collections.nlm.nih.gov/catalog/nlm:nlmuid-101455847-img

7. Kaufman J, Ryan R, Walsh L, et al. Face-to-face interventions for informing or educating parents about early childhood vaccination. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018;5(5):CD010038. Published 2018 May 8. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD010038.pub3

8. Brendan Nyhan, Jason Reifler, Sean Richey, Gary L. Freed; Effective Messages in Vaccine Promotion: A Randomized Trial. Pediatrics April 2014; 133 (4): e835–e842. 10.1542/ peds.2013-2365

9. Launer J. Effective clinical conversations: the art of curiosity. Postgraduate Medical Journal 2021;97:339-340.

10. Bischof G, Bischof A, Rumpf HJ. Motivational Interviewing: An Evidence-Based Approach for Use in Medical Practice. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2021;118(7):109-115. doi:10.3238/arztebl. m2021.0014

11. Miller WR, Rollnick S. Motivierende Gesprächsführung Motivational Interviewing: 3rd edition des Standardwerks in Deutsch. Freiburg im Breisgau: Lambertus. 2015

12. Hall, K., Gibbie, T., & Lubman, D. I. (2012). Motivational interviewing techniques Facilitating behaviour change in the general practice setting. Australian Family Physician, 41(9).

13. Prochaska J, DiClemente C. Towards a comprehensive model of change. In: Miller WR, Heather N, editors. Treating addictive behaviours: processes of change. New York: Pergamon, 1986.

14. Boom SM, Oberink R, Zonneveld AJE, van Dijk N, Visser MRM. Implementation of motivational interviewing in the general practice setting: a qualitative study. BMC Prim Care. 2022;23(1):21. Published 2022 Jan 28. doi:10.1186/s12875-022-01623-z

Vaccine Hesitancy: Something Old, Something New

pages 10-13

1. Seither R, Calhoun K, Yusuf OB, et al. Vaccination Coverage with Selected Vaccines and Exemption Rates Among Children in Kindergarten United States, 2021–22 School Year. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2023;72:26–32. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr. mm7202a2

2. Vaccination Coverage and Exemptions Among Kindergarteners (Missouri). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/imz-managers/coverage/ schoolvaxview/data-reports/index.html Updated May 14, 2021. Accessed Feb 22, 2023.

3. Larson, H. J., Gakidou, E., & Murray, C. J. L. (2022). The Vaccine-Hesitant Moment. The New England journal of medicine, 387(1), 58–65. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra2106441

4. Rodrigues CMC, Plotkin SA. Impact of Vaccines; Health, Economic and Social Perspectives. Front Microbiol. 2020 Jul 14;11:1526.

5. Hamel L,Lopes L, Kirzinger A, Sparks G, Stokes M, Brodie M. KFF COVID-19 Vaccine Monitor: Media and Misinformation. Published online Nov 8, 2021. https://www. kff.org/coronavirus-covid-19/poll-finding/kff-covid-19-vaccine-monitor-media-andmisinformation/

6. Gørtz, M., Brewer, N. T., Hansen, P. R., & Ejrnæs, M. (2020). The contagious nature of a vaccine scare: How the introduction of HPV vaccination lifted and eroded MMR vaccination in Denmark. Vaccine, 38(28), 4432–4439. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.04.055

7. Nyhan B, Reifler J. Does correcting myths about the flu vaccine work? An experimental evaluation of the effects of corrective information. Vaccine.Volume 33, Issue 3, 2015, Pages 459-464. ISSN 0264-410X. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.11.017

8. Nielsen RK, Fletcher R, Newman N, Brennen JS, Howard PN. Misinformation, Science, and Media. Navigating the Infodemic: How People in Six Countries Access and Rate News and Information about Coronavirus. April 2020. https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/ sites/default/files/2020-04/Navigating%20the%20Coronavirus%20Infodemic%20FINAL. pdf

9. Edelman. 2022 Edelman Trust Barometer Special Report: Trust and Health. https://www. edelman.com/trust/22/special-report-trust-in-health

10. Paterson, P., Meurice, F., Stanberry, L. R., Glismann, S., Rosenthal, S. L., & Larson, H. J. (2016). Vaccine hesitancy and healthcare providers. Vaccine, 34(52), 6700–6706. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.10.042

11. Morgana, T., & Pringle, J. (2010, October). Approaches to families questioning vaccines— the ASK approach for effective immunization communication. In 48th Annual Meeting of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, Vancouver, BC.

12. Autism Science Foundation. Making the CASE for Vaccines: a new model for talking to parents about vaccines. https://autismsciencefoundation.org/wp-content/ uploads/2015/12/Making-the-CASE-for-Vaccines-Guide_final.pdf 2017. Accessed Feb 22, 2023.

13. Conlin J, Baker M, Zhang B, Shoenberger H, Shen F (2022) Facing the Strain: The Persuasive Effects of Conversion Messages on COVID-19 Vaccination Attitudes and Behavioral

Intentions, Health Communication, DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2022.2065747

14. Yasmin F, Najeeb H, Moeed A, Naeem U, Asghar MS, Chughtai NU, Yousaf Z, Seboka BT, Ullah I, Lin CY, Pakpour AH. COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy in the United States: A Systematic Review. Front Public Health. 2021 Nov 23;9:770985. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.770985. PMID: 34888288; PMCID: PMC8650625.

15. Biswas, N., Mustapha, T., Khubchandani, J., & Price, J. H. (2021). The Nature and Extent of COVID-19 Vaccination Hesitancy in Healthcare Workers. Journal of community health, 46(6), 1244–1251. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10900-021-00984-3

16. Lazarus, J.V., Wyka, K., White, T.M. et al. A survey of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance across 23 countries in 2022. Nat Med 29, 366–375 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-02202185-4.

17. Minimal Risk Levels (MRLs) for Hazardous Substances. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. https://wwwn.cdc.gov/TSP/MRLS/mrlsListing.aspx Updated Feb 9, 2023. Accessed Feb 22, 2023.

18. Vaccine Ingredients. Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia.https://www.chop.edu/centersprograms/vaccine-education-center/vaccine-ingredients/aluminum. Reviewed Dec 22, 2022. Accessed Feb 20, 2022.

19. Goullé JP, Grangeot-Keros L. Aluminum and vaccines: Current state of knowledge. Med Mal Infect 2020 Feb;50:16-21.

20. Mitkus RJ, Hess MA, Schwartz SL. Pharmacokinetic modeling as an approach to assessing the safety of residual formaldehyde in infant vaccines. Vaccine 2013;31:2738-2743.

21. Shang, M., Blanton, L., Brammer, L., Olsen, S. J., & Fry, A. M. (2018). Influenza-Associated Pediatric Deaths in the United States, 2010-2016. Pediatrics, 141(4), e20172918. https:// doi.org/10.1542/peds.2017-2918

22. Glanz, J. M., Newcomer, S. R., Daley, M. F., DeStefano, F., Groom, H. C., Jackson, M. L., Lewin, B. J., McCarthy, N. L., McClure, D. L., Narwaney, K. J., Nordin, J. D., & Zerbo, O. (2018). Association Between Estimated Cumulative Vaccine Antigen Exposure Through the First 23 Months of Life and Non-Vaccine-Targeted Infections From 24 Through 47 Months of Age. JAMA, 319(9), 906–913. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2018.0708

23. Shah, S. Z., Saad, M., Rahman Khattak, M. H., Rizwan, M., Haidari, A., & Idrees, F. (2016). “Why we could not eradicate polio from pakistan and how can we?”. Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC, 28(2), 423–425.

24. Willingham E. Everything you need to know about polio in the U.S. Scientific American. Sept 29, 2022. https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/everything-you-need-toknow-about-polio-in-the-u-s/#:~:text=Wild%20poliovirus%20causes%20polio%20 unrelated,country%20at%20all%20since%201993.

25. Ozawa S, Portnov A, Getaneh H, et al. Modeling the economic burden of adult vaccinepreventable diseases in the United States. Health Affairs. Vol 35, no 11. Published online Nov 2016. https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2016.0462.

26. Tan, S.T., Kwan, A.T., Rodríguez-Barraquer, I. et al. Infectiousness of SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections and reinfections during the Omicron wave. Nat Med 29, 358–365 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-022-02138-x.

27. Pardi N, Hogan MJ, Porter FW, Weissman D. mRNA vaccines - a new era in vaccinology. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2018 Apr;17(4):261-279. doi: 10.1038/nrd.2017.243. Epub 2018 Jan 12. PMID: 29326426; PMCID: PMC5906799.

28. Vaccine Safety. Center for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/ vaccinesafety/index.html. Updated Dec 14, 2022. Accessed Feb 22, 2023.

29. Wakefield A, Murch S, Anthony A et al. Ileal-lymphoid-nodular hyperplasia, non-specific colitis, and pervasive developmental disorder in children. Lancet 1998;351[9103]:637–41. Retracted.

30. Thimerosal and vaccines. Food and Drug Administration. https://www.fda.gov/vaccinesblood-biologics/safety-availability-biologics/thimerosal-and-vaccines#:. Updated Feb 1, 2018. Accessed Feb 20, 2023.

To Incentivize or Not: Does Paying to get Vaccinated Work?

pages 16

1. Vestal C. (2023 January 12). Child vaccination rates, already down because of COVID, fall again. The Pew Charitable Trusts. Accessed February 24, 2023. https://www.pewtrusts. org/en/research-and-analysis/blogs/stateline/2023/01/12/child-vaccination-ratesalready-down-because-of-covid-fall-again

2. Largent EA, Miller FG. Problems with paying people to be vaccinated against COVID-19 JAMA Network. January 6, 2021 JAMA. 2021;325(6):534-535. doi:10.1001/ jama.2020.27121.

3. Andresen, JA, Harris, JN, Mauro, C, Zimet, GD, Rosenthal, SL. The impact of financial incentives on COVID-19 vaccination intention among a sample of US adults. Prev Med Rep. 2022 Oct;29:101962. doi: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2022.101962.

4. Kuang J, Shorman J. (2021 July 21) Missouri Governor Mike Parson reveals COVID vaccine incentive program with cash and prizes. The Kansas City Star. Accessed February 24, 2023. https://www.kansascity.com/news/coronavirus/article252922773.html

5. Bacharier G. (2021 October) Missouri’s vaccine lottery has ended. Which parts of the state had the most entries? Springfield News-Leader. Accessed February 25, 2023. https:// www.news-leader.com/story/news/local/missouri/2021/10/11/missouri-covid-vaccinelottery-most-entries-change-mo-vip-winners/6089509001/

6. Ladyzhets B, Weinberg, T. (2021 December 2) Missouri allocated $11M for vaccine gift cards. Most health departments said no thanks. Missouri Independent. Accessed February 24, 2023. https://missouriindependent.com/2021/12/02/missouri-vaccineincentives-program/

7. Schneider, FH, Campos-Mercade, P, Meier, S, Pope, D, Wengstrom, E, Meier, AN. (2023) Financial incentives for vaccination do not have negative unintended consequences. Nature open. doiI:10.1038/s41586-022-05512-4.

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