MARK EYK
Selected Works
Table of Contents Curriculum Vitae
4
Architectural Works
6 10 12 14 18 20 22
Building Science Reports
Wellington Mediatheque Zig-Zag Dissipate Alter Flex Key Synthesis Emerge
26 Masonry Facade Review 27 Concrete Deterioration Investigation 28 Residential Building Performance Assessment
Curriculum Vitae Mark Eyk Address 80 Baldwin St. Toronto, ON
Education
Tel.
(905) 980 4183
meyk@ryerson.ca
Ontario Secondary School Diploma Smithville Christian High School -Maintained a 90% plus average -Graduated on the honor roll with strengths in Mathematics, Physics and Construction Technology
Experience
Exhibitions
4
Bachelor in Architectural Science - Specialization in Building Science Ryerson University -CACB Accredited Program -Maintaining above average grade for all four years, with exceptional grades within my specialization
Home Renovation Assistant Oak Construction - Beamsville, ON -Gained knowledge of typical residential construction and common framing practices -Worked as an apprentice of a 30 year veteran in residential construction
September 2011-Present Expected Date of Graduation: April 2015
September 2007- June 2011
November 2014 - Present
Wholesale Nursery Labourer Blue Sky Nursery - Beamsville, ON -Filled client plant orders, responsible for timely production of wholesale items -Ability to understand and follow instructions, work independently -Obtained a strong work ethic under physically challenging conditions -Gained hierarchy in the staff positions over the years resulting in increased responsibilities
June 2007- September 2013
Toronto Design Offsite Festival Toronto, ON - Prototypes of interactive installations are displayed throughout the building and are on display to the public for the week of January 19-23, 2015 - Part of the design and fabrication team that developed a 4 storey interactive display
January 2012 - January 2015
Architectural Science Collaborative Projects Toronto, ON - Event involving the gathering of students from every year to form a unique group dynamic - All projects are exhibited in the Ryerson gallery to be observed by colleagues and the public - Project leader in 2015
January 2015
Extracurricular
Skills
EVOVLE Student Sustainability Competition Toronto, ON -Worked with a team of fellow colleagues to design a net zero public library. -Responsible for the energy modeling component of the project
October 2014 - December 2014
Nuit Blanche Volunteer Toronto, ON -Assisted with the construction of a large scale diagrid structured sphere installation titled “Hybrid Globe” for Nuit Blanche -Worked collaboratively with a large team to complete the assembly and disassembly of scaled models and on-site construction -Required an understanding of geometries and three-dimensional structure
September 2013 - November 2014
Computer Programs - AutoDesk: AutoCAD 2014, Revit 2014 - Adobe: Photoshop CC, Illustrator CC, InDesign CC - Microsoft: Word 2014, Excel 2014, Powerpoint 2014 - Rhinoceros 5.0 - V-Ray for Rhino
Energy Modeling Softwares - Hot2000 - eQuest - Energy10 - WUFI - Therm - Design Builder
Tools - Laser cutter - Construction Power Tools - Heavy farm equipment - CNC Other - Teamwork skills developed through team sports and architectural projects - Oral, written and literary skills - Strengths in building science and detailing courses - Production and construction of models, projects and installations
Awards
Dean’s List, GPA 3.95 Ryerson Entrance Scholarship Senior Male Athlete of the Year Various athletic awards throughout high school
Expected 2015 September 2011 May 2009-10, 2010-11 May 2007-2011
Architectural Works 5 Mark Eyk
Wellington Mediatheque Integration Studio II
The programming and materiality of the project are essential in illustrating its concept. The pure, rectilinear form is derived from the surrounding buildings. As a central location within the linear park, the building acts as a hub for the local and municipal communities, bringing people together through the sharing of knowledge, creative expression and understanding, and the project’s physical connection to its surroundings through event spaces, landscaping, and nocturnal projections onto the buildings unique double skin facade. Additionally, the transparency of materials and their arrangement promotes both collaboration and privacy, and the building’s South facade illuminates and interacts with the street and linear park.
6
Leisure Reading
G
2
3
ND
4
RD
1
3
2
1 Gallery/Theatre 2 Children’s Reading
5
TH
TH
7
5
6
4 3 Workshop 4 Computer Lab
6
TH
5 Cinemas 6 Art Studio
9
8 7 Library Stacks 8 Leisure Reading
10 9 Rentable Event Space
10 Patio/Bar
Architectural Works 7 Mark Eyk
BASEMENT 92500 mm
Double Skin Facade Support Shelf Angle 150mm H.S.S Beam Steel Column Double Skin Facade Louvre Curtain Wall System Horizontal Mullion
K
Double Skin Facade Support Shelf Angle 150mm H.S.S Beam Steel Column Double Skin Facade Louvre Curtain Wall System Horizontal Mullion Double Skin Facade Support Shelf Angle 150mm H.S.S Beam Steel Column Double Skin Facade Support Double Skin Facade Louvre Shelf Angle Curtain Wall System 150mm H.S.S Beam Horizontal Mullion Steel Column Double Skin Facade Louvre Curtain Wall System Horizontal Mullion
Stone Pavers Gravel Roof Membrane 102 mm Rigid Insulation Linear Drain Spandrel Panel 100 mm Batt Insulation Fire Separation Unit Operable Window 400 mm Concrete Column
SECTION A1
1
K
A4-100
K
1 : 100
K
J
I
H
G
F
E
D
-
1
-
1
---
A4-103
---
A4-104
C
B
A
LEVEL 7 120000 mm
L6
LEVEL 6 116000 mm
LEVEL 5 112000 mm
L6
LEVEL 4 108000 mm
Stone Pavers Gravel Roof Membrane 102 mm Rigid Insulation Linear Drain Spandrel Panel 100 mm Batt Insulation Fire Separation Unit Tile Flooring Stone Pavers Operable Window Raised Flooring Gravel 400 mm Concrete Column Floor Vent Membrane HeatRoof Recovery Unit 102 mm Rigid Insulation Spandrel Vent Stone Pavers Linear Drain 100 mm Batt Insulation Gravel Spandrel Panel 3-way CurtainRoof WallMembrane Fastener 100 mmSeparation Batt Insulation Unit 102 Fire mm Rigid Insulation Fire Separation Unit Tile Flooring Operable Window Linear Drain Operable Window Raised Flooring Spandrel Panel 400 mm Concrete Column Floor Vent 100 mm Batt Insulation Tile Flooring Heat Recovery Unit Fire Separation Unit Raised Flooring Spandrel Vent Operable Window Floor Vent 100 mm Batt Insulation 400 mm Concrete Column Heat Recovery Unit 3-way Curtain Wall Tile Fastener Flooring Spandrel Vent Fire Separation Unit Raised Flooring 100 mm BattFloor Insulation Operable Window Vent 3-way Curtain Wall Fastener Heat Recovery Unit Fire Separation Unit Spandrel Vent Operable Window 100 mm Batt Insulation
3-way Curtain Wall Fastener Fire Separation Unit Operable Window
Tile Flooring Raised Flooring Floor Vent Heat Recovery Unit Spandrel Vent TileInsulation Flooring 100 mm Batt Raised Flooring 3-way Curtain Wall Fastener Floor Vent Fire Separation Unit Heat Recovery Unit Tile Flooring Flooring Operable Window Tile Spandrel Vent Raised Flooring Flooring 100 mm Raised Batt Insulation Floor Vent Vent Floor 3-way Curtain Wall Fastener Heat Recovery Unit HeatSeparation Recovery Unit Tile Flooring Fire Unit Spandrel Vent Vent Spandrel Raised Flooring Operable Window 100 mm Batt Insulation 100 mm Batt Insulation Floor Vent 3-way Curtain Wall Fastener 3-way Curtain Fastener Heat Wall Recovery Unit Fire Separation Unit Fire Separation Spandrel Unit Vent Operable Window Tile Flooring 51 Insulation 100mm mmRigid Batt Insulation Raised Flooring 3 Curtain mm Aluminum Panel 3-way Wall Fastener Floor Vent Weep Hole Fire Separation Unit Heat Recovery Unit Operable Window Spandrel Vent 100 mm Batt Insulation 3-way Curtain Wall Tile Fastener Flooring Fire Separation Unit Raised Flooring 51 mm Rigid Floor Insulation Vent 3 mm Aluminum Heat RecoveryPanel Unit Weep Vent Hole Spandrel 100 mm Batt Insulation 3-way Curtain Wall Fastener Fire Separation Unit 51 mm Rigid Insulation 3 mm Aluminum Panel Weep Hole
L6 L4
LEVEL 3 104000 mm
L6 LEVEL 2
L4
100000 mm
L5 LEVEL 1
L4
96000 mm
BASEMENT 92500 mm
L5
L4
2 A4-100
SECTION A2
Longitudinal Section
1 : 100
L5 L3 L5
L3 L3
L2 L3
Tile Flooring Raised Flooring Floor Vent Heat Recovery Unit Spandrel Vent 100 mm Batt Insulation 3-way Curtain Wall Fastener Fire Separation Unit 51 mm Rigid Insulation 3 mm Aluminum Panel Weep Hole
L2 L2
L1
8
Curtain Wall Door Stone Pavers Gravel Linear Drain 51 mm Rigid Insulation Vapour Barrier 200 mm Concrete Slab Loose Back Fill Curtain Wall Door Weeping Tile StoneFooting Pavers Concrete Gravel Linear Drain 51 mm Rigid Insulation Vapour Barrier Curtain Wall Door 200 mm Concrete Slab StoneBack Pavers Loose Fill
L2 L1
Bar Render L1
South Wall Section
OPERABLE WINDOW
DIFFUSED LIGHT NATURAL LIGHT
LIGHT SHELF
UPDRAFT
AIR INTAKE
AIR INTAKE
BUFFER ZONE
FRESH AIR INTAKE
Summer Condition
STALE AIR EXHAUST
FRESH AIR INTAKE
HEAT EXCHANGER
STALE AIR EXHAUST
HEAT RECOVERY
Winter Condition
The system on the South facade acts as a double skin for the building. In the summer the fins can be opened to act as a light shelf, reflecting diffused light deeper into the building reducing thermal gains and improving the interior lighting condition. Additionally there is an operable window that allows the hot air at the ceiling level to escape via natural convection. In the winter the fins can be lowered to create a buffer zone in between the two skins. This air can be used to as intake air for the Heat Recovery Ventilator installed within the floor plenum. The stale interior air is removed from the building but before it is exhausted the heat passes over the intake air from the buffer zone and the heat is recovered and vented back into the space.
Architectural Works 9 Mark Eyk
Zig-Zag 20x
Digital Tools Team: James Peirce
4x
4x
1x
The Zig Zag chair encompasses a design intent that attempts to create an interactive modular children’s chair. The concept was to build an easily constructible, durable and adaptable piece of furniture. Furniture that does not quickly become redundant due to the quick growth of children. The chair can be used as a small desk/ art station for a younger child and a sturdy yet stylish chair as the child grows.
1x
The Zig Zag is manufactured by a CNC process that only uses one 4’x8’ sheet of 1/2” plywood to produce two chairs leaving little waste wood after the manufacturing process. Assembled using simple dowels and intersecting pieces the product is simple to construct and highly sustainable. The chairs curved form is intended to demonstrate the changing nature of a child. The Zig Zag provides a solution for the need of furniture that is adaptable and reusable over a 2x long period of time.
600.0
476.2 141.7
326.1
12.1
132.2
400.0
476.2 12.1
318.7 334.7
12.1
400.0
12.1
334.7
2x
334.7
690.4
2x
690.4
1x
4x
4x
1x
355.7
20x
355.7
2x
371.6 355.7
690.4
600.0
476.2 141.7
326.1
132.2
12.1
400.0
476.2 12.1
12.1
400.0
12.1
690.4
279.0
87.8
318.7 334.7
334.7
311.1
400.0
12.1
12.1
690.4
10
163.5
690.4
355.7
Orthographics 279.0
87.8
690.4
355.7
476.2
476.2 12.1
100.2
311.1
400.0
12.1
12.1
86.3
12.1
86.3
600.0
600.0
371.6 355.7
400.0
334.7
165.4
690.4
100.2
476.2
476.2 12.1
400.0
12.1
346.8
350.1
600.0
Instructions 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
2x
5.Construction
Process 6.
7.
8.
2x
Alteration
ig- ag Architectural Works 11 Mark Eyk
Dissipate RAW Winter Stations Design Competition Team: Danielle Van Ooteghem Material List:
Designed for a international competition 41 - 4x8’ sheets of 3/8” plywood to revitalize the3’Woodbine beach life guard 678 - 2x2” Stakes: to 10’ sections 704 - 3/8”throughout wooden dowel stands the winter months. The 26 - 2” clear PVC tubes: 3’ to 4’ sections theme of the competition was warmth. 26 - battery powered LED light strips 4 - anchor cables
26 - threaded bolts 3/8” “Competitors are asked to create 52 - nuts and washers installations anchored to the lifeguard 4 - colours of paint stands which can add among other things, colour, movement and humour to the landscape. It is hoped these installations will engage the audience in a dialogue with designers and their intent.” - Competition Brief
12
The goal for the Dissipate Winter Station is to create a sense of warmth through the protection of the harsh elements that can be found during the winter in landscapes such as Woodbine Beach. Through the scattered arrangement of stakes centered on the lifeguard chair, the installation acts as a type of snow fence. Wind and snow are dissipated through the increasing degree of enclosure as the user navigates through the stakes. Navigation is made easy through designated pathways, however the installation can be explored at other levels by more adventurous (and smaller) visitors. Once at the center of the shelter, warmth is portrayed through a sense of enclosure, safety, light, and overall protection from the elements. In a landscape that can feel barren during the winter months, Dissipate Winter Station also brings an element of colour to the scene. Each side of the installation is viewed as a different colour representing the four main elements: earth, water, fire and wind.
Washers & Nuts Threaded bolts 3/8” Anchor cables
x52 x52
x26 x4
LED light strips x26 2” clear PVC tubes 3/8” wooden dowel
x26
x704
2x2” stakes x678
x2 x41 sheets of plywood x13
x27
Plan 1:100
Plan 1:100
Section 1:100
Section 1:100
27 - 4x8’ plywood boards pre cut with the desired pattern
Stakes of varying lengths are put through each hole
They are then fixed on the underside with dowel
A shallow area is dug out and the stakes are hit into the ground
The board are then covered with about 3 inches of sand to hold them down
Outer Ring Assembly
Architectural Works 13 Mark Eyk
Alter Design Studio III
Alter is a Graduate Residence designed for Ryerson University that additionally houses the Graduate Study facilities for the Photographic Preservation & Collections Management department. Its unique design utilizes skip stop floor arrangement to minimize the amount of space needed for circulation. The circulation is pulled to the exterior of the building and emphasized by the glazed halls and stairways. This movement celebrates movement and encourages the occupant to utilize the stairs instead of using the elevator. Barrier-free and married units are located on the hallway floors to provide universal accessibility.
14
Horizontal Corridors Vertical Circulation
Horizontal Corridors Vertical Circulation
Experiential Section
Program Massing Extruded Halls Glazed Circulation Path
Horizontal Corridors Horizontal Corridors
Program Massing
Vertical Circulation Vertical Circulation
Extruded Halls Glazed Circulation Path
Program Massing Extruded Halls Glazed Circulation Path
Program Massing Extruded Halls Glazed Circulation Path
Architectural Works 15 Mark Eyk
North-South Section
0
1
2
5
Ground Floor
Second Floor
Floors 3,5,6,8
Floors 4,7
10 m
SOUTHWEST SUN
PROGRAMMABLE ROOF-TOP
CROSS VENTILATION OPERABLE WINDOWS
SKIP-STOP FLOORS
16
Sustainable Strategies
Parapet System Metal Copping
EPDM Membrane Parapet System Flashing Metal Copping XPS Insulation EPDM Membrane Concrete Flashing Slab XPS Insulation Concrete Slab
Stair System Cutain Wall
Hanging Bracket Stair System
Flashing Cutain Wall Metal Cladding Hanging Bracket XPS Insulation Flashing Concrete Stair Slab Metal Cladding XPS Insulation Concrete Stair Slab
Wall Section A
Wall Section B
Architectural Works 17 Mark Eyk
Flex Key Stratasys Extreme Redesign Competition Team: Mahan Navabi
The Flex key was designed to expand upon the already existing hex key. The hex key, commonly referred to as the ‘allen key’, is a household tool that is an essential component of any comprehensive tool set. It functions by rotating bolts and screws to tighten or loosen them, similar to a screwdriver. The hex key’s six sided
shape allows for a larger surface area between the bolt and the head, in comparison to a screwdriver. Also, the large array of sizes allow for a greater variety of uses. However, the hex key suffers from design flaws such as an excessive number of key sizes and respective keys, organizational
shortcomings, and a lack of ergonomics. These problems are all solved with the Flex Key which features a comfortable handle with prongs that can be adjusted to any conventional hex key size. It is more efficient for space, time, money, and materials.
PRONGS DIAL
LOCK
Missing Keys
What Size is it?
Typical Storage
Disorganized
Small handle SLOT
All Sizes, Metric & Imperial
Side Elevation
18
One Compact Tool
Easy Grip Ergonomic Handle
3d Section
8 mm
5.5 mm
3 mm
The Flex Key’s mechanical system is comprised of three main components: A dial, a lock, and three prongs. The inside of the dial is threaded, and when it turns, the prongs within the dial move up or down at an angle. Thus, they expand and contract in height and in width. The prongs fit into voids in the handle which guide them up or down. Once the desired size is reached, the locking mechanism can be snapped into the dial in order to hold the three components in place.
Exploded Axo
F le x
Key Architectural Works 19 Mark Eyk
Synthesis Digital Tools - Final Project Team: Chelsea Campbell, Mark De Souza, Michael Mazurkiewicz, Pritish Pathak, Derek Smart, Danielle Van Ooteghem
Designed as a proposal for the Annual Toronto Nuit Blanche Art Festival and on exibit during Toronto Design Offsite Festival Synesthesia is an installation that explores the relationship between sound and architecture with the goal of turning the building into an instrument with the user acting as the musician. As an experiment in human scale, the architecture becomes the structure, neck, bridge, and resonator of an object held in place by tensioned piano wire - creating a musical progression which dissipates as it reverberates through the hollow atrium. The musician is thus given the opportunity to flood space with a chordal resonance as they ascend and descend the existing stair, while spun fibres manifest a dispersion of notes played. The musician and audiences’ sensory experience is extended beyond the auditory into the visual with lighting elements that are responsive to the pluck of a wire. 1
3
2
20
Schematic Diagram
5
4
1. Plucked Piano Wire 2. Wire Vibration 3. Acoustic Response (Sound) 4. Ardruino + Vibration Sensor 5. Visual Response (Light)
A
B
Exploded Axonometric
A
B
C
Node Connections C
D
Nuit Blanche Application
A. 4th Floor B. 3rd Floor C. 2nd-3rd Floor Stair D. Sound Box E. Termination Point
E
Architectural Works 21 Mark Eyk
Emerge EVOLVE Student Design Competition Team: Ariel Cooke, Ailsa Craigen, Gary Luk Role: Energy Modelling Specialist/consulted with designers
22
Design Process
G
Maximize Building Footprint
Orient and Mass to Site Conditions
Subtract and Glaze for Maximum Daylighting
2
ND
R Architectural Works 23 Mark Eyk
Sustainable Strategies VisionAIR WIND TURBINE
DIFFUSED NATURAL LIGHTING TO CENTRAL AREAS
SOLAR ENERGY
RAINWATER COLLECTION
WIND CHANNELING
COLLECTION TANK
GREEN ROOF
CROSS VENTILATION
LIGHT SHELF LOUVRE SYSTEM
GREEN WALL FILTERS THE WATER
OPERABLE WINDOWS
STACK EFFECT
GREY WATER STORAGE AND FILTRATION TANK
24
The approach that was taken to design a net-zero building in the heart of downtown Toronto was twofold; reduce the initial load of the building by designing the building both passively and actively to achieve the best possible results, and explore the use of natural resources to supplement the remaining load. Main factors concerning the consumption of the building included lighting, space heating/cooling and passive design strategies. Lighting was reduced by nearly 80% by switching to high efficiency LED bulbs, used in a HUNT daylight dimming system whereby when the building is sufficiently lit by natural light the system automatically dims
the lights. Mechanically, an Air-Source Heat Pump was utilized in a raised floor distribution system, allowing the use of natural air convection to move the air into the space reduces the fan speeds of the system. A Heat Recovery Ventilator was also implemented to recover the heat from the exhaust air and preheat the intake air, lowering the amount of load on the heat pump. Additional strategies regarding the shape of the building to harness the passive potential include large southfacing windows mounted with exterior fins acting as light shelves, diffusing the light into the building and creating a more pleasant working environment. Operable windows along
the top of the second floor windows utilizes natural cross ventilation as the air passes from the southwest and as the wind is channeled up over the roof of the building it is directed towards the wind turbines, another natural sources of energy used by the building. The turbines are VisionAIR5 vertical axis wind turbines used in such downtown locations for their compact yet efficient generation of energy. Additionally, there are 238 photo voltaic panels mounted at 28o,the ideal mounting angle in Toronto, on the tiered roof surface facing due south.
74234.9 kWh
VisionAIR 5 WINDMILLS
48950 kWh , 61950 kWh
510 kWh
22740 kWh
SW WIND
COLLECTION TANK 23760 kWh
SOLAR PANELS 90480 kWh
356667 kWh
GREEN ROOF
PANELS ORIENTED DUE SOUTH AT 280
Energy Baseline
36.45% 27062 kWh
20.06% 9820 kWh 16.9% 10470 kWh +345% 1760 kWh
Water consumption was also considered in the energy design approach of the building. By using low-flow units and faucet motion sensors the consumption of water was reduced by 59%. Since the building nearly takes up the site, the roof has a large potential for capturing rainwater. Water flows along the sloped roof and gathers in the drain, where it is then filtered through the green wall in the courtyard before being stored and mechanically filtered again. This gray water can be used for in the washrooms of the building further reducing the need for potable city water. This building becomes an example of how multiple net-zero design approaches can work in tandem to create an energy-conscious building without sacrificing interior comfort
2% 450 kWh
19.9% Reduction
HP Supp., +5.8% 20770 kWh
41.67% 9900 kWh
Space Heat, 9.87% 35210 kWh
22.54% 20390 kWh
Energy Reduction
Architectural Works 25 Mark Eyk
Masonry Facade Review Building Science Studio I
Full report available upon request
Abstract
The issue that was presented was what appeared to be some water damage along the drainage line of the parapet. Methods for review included visual observation from interior, exterior and roof top of the building and a review of the as built drawings and details of the building. After the initial review the same problem could be found on the opposite side of the building under the same conditions, located directly beneath a mechanical penthouse. The detail at this intersection was found and it revealed that the construction was masonry cladding with a rain screen cavity in front of a load bearing concrete wall faced with rigid XPS insulation. It can be found at the intersection of the mechanical penthouse and the parapet the initial design includes a gutter. Seen in Figure 2 is the damage shown on the exterior of the brick. In the photo there are 3 distinct areas of staining happening on the brick: A) vertical stains running from a joint in the coping to the drainage line B) heavy staining below the drainage line and C) horizontal lines of staining directly above the drainage line. In addition to the water staining, spalling along the bottom edge of the bricks could be found directly above the drainage line. Figure 3 shows the view from the rooftop looking at the gutter detail describes above. The condition of the gutter was dry but had a fair amount of debris build up. The condition of the coping was also in poor condition A) shows a concave piece of coping with evidence of debris and water pooling stains and B) shows that at the gutter detail the coping slopes away
from the gutter and the joints have been sealed with cocking unlike the as-built initial design intent.
Water Damage Spalling
The observations above indicate a greater problem then just water staining; the initial design of the detail includes two layers of defense against water penetration: the cladding/gutter detail to shed the majority of the water and a rain screen cavity to drain any excess water that makes it way in. The water with in this second layer is intended to be drained along the first line of weeping holes. From the previous observations it seems that there is an excess of water in this cavity; this is problematic as it is not meant to shed large amounts of water. The spalling of the brick as well as horizontal staining are an indication that the water is saturating the brick and through the freeze thaw cycle is causing significant damage to the brick. The sealant suggests that there have been previous attempts to fix this problem superficially, however, this problem maybe larger then just at the gutter. Whether the majority of the water is entering at the level of the gutter or entering above in the mechanical penthouse wall cannot be determined without performing a water test. The suggested course of action would be to utilize a swing stage to further investigate this area by performing a water test as well as make the immediate repairs necessary to the brick to prevent further damage and hazards to the sidewalk below.
DRAINAGE LINE
A
Current Issues
B
COPING
C
SEALANT
A
B
26
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Concrete Deterioration Review Theory/Performance I
Full report available upon request
Abstract
The concrete curb seen in Figure 1 below exhibits a number of cracks with a majority of them originating from base of the railing which is cast into place. The curb was original to the building which was constructed in 1972 and the cracks have been observed approximately 2-3 years after construction. The method for review included visual observation, review of as-built details for the building and questioning of a maintenance employee. The detail in question is where the metal railing is set in the concrete. As seen in Figure 2 the curb is first cast with a metal sleeve and then the railing is set inside the metal sleeve filled with mortar. In many of the cases similar to that in Figure 2 the mortar does not come level to that of the top of the concrete curb. The railing is made of 1/4� steel coated with rust preventing paint. In Figure 3 there is evidence of previous repair to a number of railing posts including repair to the concrete curb and the addition of L-angle supports. In a number of cases the rust at the base of the railing is flaking away, resulting in the exposure of untreated metal and an increase in area of rust. This results in the necessity for repair due to the extent of the rust damage causing the integrity of the railing to be compromised. The main problem with this detail is the workmanship of the installation, in a number of cases there are no signs of cracks or rust damage, however, in other there were cracks within
the first couple years after construction. This is because in the cases of rust and cracks the mortar within the metal insert is not flush with the curb. When it rains or snows water pools around the base of the railing, additionally in the winter, snow is commonly pilled up in along the railing and the sidewalk salt can gather in this area. When water and salt come in direct contact with metal over time, it results in the rust seen in Figure 3. The water not only causes rust damage to the railing but to the metal insert as well. The square shape of the insert results in increasing pressure at the corners when rusting as well as in natural expansion and contraction due to weather conditions. This pressure is what is causing the cracks which in every case originates from the corner of the insert. Two solutions were provided given the budget for the project. The first is a short term solution which include grinding of the current rust and placing a sealant around the base of the railing to prevent water from siting at the base to reduce further rusting of the railing (Figure 4). Additionally current cracks would be sealed while larger cracked areas would be re-casted. The long term solution includes removing the railing and grinding and repair of current rusted areas. The curb will be re-casted and circular holes will be cored and the railing reinstalled including sealant and a cap around the base of the railing.
Figure 4 - Current Detail
NEWLY INSTALLED STEEL MESH
L-ANGLE SUPPORTS
METAL INSERT
REPAIRED STEEL POST REPAIRED CONCRETE RUST STAINS
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Building Science Reports 27 Mark Eyk
Residential Performance Assessment and Renovation Building Science Studio I - Final Project Full report available upon request
Performance Assessment Summary
The house that was analyzed was a 1987, two story detached home in the Niagara Region. The house has since had a number of renovations and improvements over the years including the replacement of both the natural gas furnace and domestic water heater in the past 5 years and replacement of all but one window within the last 10 years. In terms of electricity consumption the house is quite significantly above the national averages and this can be attributed to a number of factors. First, one of the residents works from home and has an office in the basement,
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Accessibility is not something the building code regulates within residential construction at this time, however many provincial codes are striving to by 2025. The four main areas that not only affect accessibility but also aging-in-place (desired by more people these days), include: 1) entering and exiting the home 2) mobility within the home 3) bathroom safety and 4) kitchen adaptation. Currently the house falls short in many of these categories and many simple renovations can be applied to allow this house to be adaptive to the user for years to come.
60000
3500
50000
3000 2500
40000
2000
30000
1500
20000
1000
10000 0
Annual Cost $
Energy Consumption Breakdown
kWh
This report has two parts, the first is an assessment on four different areas of the current building, comparing it to the building code of today and other energy standards: 1) energy consumption 2) water consumption 3) aging occupant adaptability and 4) circulation assessment. The second part involves renovating and redesigning the building in terms of energy consumption (with an increase to 25% glazing), and accessibility. The goal was to prove that after the increase of glazing the building could still meet the current SB-12 requirements; this was achieved by utilizing the program HOT2000 and comparing it to a base case meeting SB-12 prescriptive requirements and less the 17% glazing.
requiring more lighting and electricity then the average house throughout the day. Secondly, the house has an outdoor hot tub spa that draws a significant amount of energy throughout the winter. Lastly, the orientation of the house is EastWest,which limits the amount of natural daylight that can be used to balance daytime lighting requirements. In terms of natural gas consumption the house actually performed under the national average to a significant degree. This may be due to the newly installed, high efficient, furnace as well as the number of improvements made to the house over the years. Additionally the national average includes many older houses which may drastically change the average. In comparison to the R-2000 standard, however, the house performs nearly identical in terms of space heating. This is a better indication of the condition of the house. Overall the house can be said to comply with the current building code.
500 Current
Base model 17%
25% Insulation improvements
Natural Gas
25% GSHP
Electricity
25% ALL
0
cost
Space Heating Comparison Space Heating
Water Heating
250 200
kWh/m2
Introduction
150 100 50 0
Current
Base Model
Renovation National Average
R-2000 Now House Passive Haus
Renovation Summary Since the building was fairly code compliant already the additional glazing at 25% didn`t have that much of an effect on the overall consumption of the building. Just by creating a tighter seal the building was able to achieve code compliance. Since this was achieved the implementation of a ground source heat pump and a heat recovery unit were implemented to try to meet more stringent energy standards. By implementing a ground source heat pump a significant reduction in the amount of space heating was achieved, nearly to the standard of the Now House. If the site allowed for the better adaption of passive techniques this house could have achieved an even higher efficiency. Lastly, an investigation into renewable energy sources like solar panels and wind turbines was considered to bring this house to net-zero. Unfortunately, likewise with the passive strategies the orientation and environment around the house rendered the implementation of these systems to costly to have a reasonable pay back period.
GROUND SOURCE HEAT PUMP HEAT RECOVERY VENTILATOR EXTERIOR
HOT AIR SUPPLY STALE AIR FROM HOUSE
INTERIOR
FRESH AIR INTAKE
FILTER
STALE AIR REMOVED
HEAT RECOVERY CORE FILTER
COMPRESSOR
EXHAUST
SUPPLY AIR INSULATED PIPES
FRESH AIR SUPPLIED TO HOUSE
HEAT PASSED TO AIR STREAM
HEAT PASSED TO REFRIDGERENT
HRV SUPPLY
EXPANSION VALVE
STALE AIR REMOVED
CIRCULATION FAN
FAN
CONTROLS
SUPPLY AIR
COOLED LIQUID RETURN
HOT LIQUID SUPPLY
FRESH AIR INTAKE EXHAUST
STALE AIR REMOVED
GROUND LOOPS HEAT RECOVERY VENTILATOR HEAT FROM THE GROUND
GROUND SOURCE HEAT PUMP
Building Science Reports 29 Mark Eyk
Lower-able counter top between the sink and the stove for food preparation Handicap accessible bathroom on the main floor for visitors as well as the occupant
FAMILY ROOM
DINING ROOM KITCHEN
LAUNDRY
Stacked closets for the future implementation of a elevator or lift if needed
W/C
DN
LIVING ROOM
FOYER
Carpet removed and high contrast strips installed to aid visually impaired.
UP
GARAGE
Exterior ramp to the front entrance of the house
G
RAMP
Master bedroom balcony for place of refugee in case of fire for occupants with mobility issues No threshold showers equipped with grab bars and enough space for a shower chair Wider hallways and doorways throughout the house
BALCONY MASTER BATHROOM
BATHROOM
MASTER BEDROOM WALK IN CLOSET
DN
2nd floor elevator closet with ample turning radius at the end of the hall
30
Assessibility Improvements
BEDROOM 1
BEDROOM 2
2
ND
MARK EYK
Portfolio 2015 Address
80 Baldwin St. Toronto, ON
Tel.
(905) 980 4183
meyk@ryerson.ca