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Lyric Opera Roth Trailhead Bicycle Station Warehouse Lofts Culinary Incubator Study Abroad
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Chicago Lyric Opera Opera house located on Wolfpoint in Chicago
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A project to design a new facility for the Lyric Opera in Chicago. The design process was done with a team of three, my partners were Matt Livingston and Hannah Dale. The design had to meet square footage requirements for the different rooms needed as well as have an 1800 seat auditorium. We wanted to create a building that could be iconic for Chicago. We chose Wolfpoint as our site because of its visibility and unusual shape. 5
This is a very prominent site in Chicago and has had many proposals over the years. We chose it because we believed it is the perfect location for an iconic piece of cultural architecture. The back end of the site is occupied by the Sun Times building. Another aspect of the course was the option to remove those buildings and replace them with new buildings. The site has a powerful axis down two parts of the Chicago river, LQﾃ々HQFLQJ RXU GHVLJQ DQG VLWLQJ RI the building. View of site, currently a parking lot
View from site facing South-East
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View facing North from Chicago Sun Times building
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View Lines from site determined orientation of building
Coverage of site on Wolfpoint
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Plan and Elevation of early concept with arches supporting auditorium with cables
Evolution of concept now focusing more on the arches and cables
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Perspective of early design
Quick sketches of various possible designs
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More conceptual sketches
Plan of design
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The opera house is enclosed by a glass shell. This shell is supported by a rib structure suspended from the larger structure with cables. The sculptural form is essentially a three point arch made from a space frame. The bottom and top of the space frame is covered in metal panels. The covering of metal panels then has a series of perforations that allow light to pass through the heavy structure, This lets thin beams of sunlight move through the space in the day, and makes the structure glow at night when the building is most active.
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First Floor
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Second Floor
Third Floor
Fourth Floor
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The stage and auditorium are enclosed within a shell, that shell is within another shell that is transparent and VXSSRUWHG E\ WKH ÀQDO VKHOO ZKLFK LV D PRGLÀHG WKUHH point arch
Section looking North
The orientation focuses on an axis down the river which gives the building symmetry. The site protrudes from the bank of the river so the building reacts to this by lunging forward.
South Elevation 14
Section facing West
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On the ground level is a restaurant that can be accessed from the opera house or from the plaza on other times of the year
The lobby is composed of cascading balconies excellent for viewing other opera patrons
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The punctures in the Exterior shell allow light to shine through when the opera house is active, becoming a beacon in the city.
The lobby is covered by glass so that light can shine up through the holes and the exterior shell is still visible
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Roth Trailhead
Trailhead north of Lawrence dedicated to Stan and Janet Roth 20
This project was a trailhead dedicated to Stan and Janet Roth of Lawrence. As a design/build studio, the trailhead was designed and built by ten students including myself. A concept of a canopy supported by rammed earth had been previously developed by our professor, we then took this concept to make it our own. We were in charge of everything, from design to budgeting to construction. This was completed in one semester with a few extra weeks in the summer.
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The site for this project is North of Lawrence on land used for research by the University of Kansas’s Field Station. The Field Station was the group who funded the construction. 7KH WUDLO EHJLQV LQ D à DW DUHD RI SUDLULH JUDVV then immediately goes into a wooded area as the elevation rises. Our trailhead makes this transition from prairie to woods and disappears into the rising hills.
Site before construction
Site located North of Lawrence
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Closer view of site
Rammed earth was the primary focus of the studio, which we call Dirt Works Studio. The studio began with research and testing of the material to gain familiarity with it before the design process. Many cylinder samples were made to test the compressive strength. Other samples were made to H[SHULPHQW ZLWK SLJPHQW DQG VXUIDFH ÀQLVKHV (YHQWXDOO\ D mock-up was constructed to test the form design as well as generate a time estimate for larger sections. Rammed earth is created by mixing aggregate with soil from a non-organic layer, this mix then has a small amount of cement and water to it. A layer will be placed in the forms which is then rammed with a pneumatic rammer. The wall goes up layer by layer creating a unique pattern that displays different mixes of pigment.
Rammed Earth mock up
Rammed earth cylinders to test for compressive strength
Rammed earth color samples and pneumatic rammer
Formwork for mock up
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Early canopy design
Model for client presentation
Canopy proposals
Finalized canopy model
Even though we came to the studio with an initial concept of a wall and canopy already decided on, we had an opportunity to add our design into it. We separated the wall onto two axis to force the path through the wall, not MXVW DORQJ LW 7KH FDQRS\ ZDV RULJLQDOO\ ﾃ．W DQG ZH ZDQWHG something more dynamic to contrast the cubic nature of the wall. We developed a faceted canopy composed of three triangular steel frames holding wooden louvers placed vertically. Each triangle piece of the canopy is only supported by one steel column embedded in the wall. The steel cantilevers as much as twenty feet in some places and the triangles are unconnected and separated by just a few inches. The wooden louvers have a charred coating known as Shou Sugi Ban to protect against weathering while providing a rich dark color.
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Dirt Works Studio 3813 Greenway Drive 785.393.6183
Design + Build Lawrence, KS 66046 ckraus@ku.edu
Allen Belot Architects 708 W 9th St Ste 205 785.843.4670
Architect of Record Lawrence, KS 66044 abelot@sunflower.com
Apex Engineers, Inc Structural Engineers 9000 W 64th Terrace Merriam, KS 66202 913.432.3222 bryce@apex-engineers.com
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Confidential Material: This material, specifications, and all information therein are the property of Dirt Works Studio. No part of this work may be revealed, reproduced, or made public to third parties without expressed written authorization and shall be returned on request.
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KU FIELD STATION SIGNAGE TRAIL INFORMATION SIGNAGE ROTH NATURE TRAIL SIGNAGE ROOF OUTLINE
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CLIENT PRESENTATION 1
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ROTH TRAILHEAD KU FIELD STATION MCCOLL NATURE RESERVE LAWRENCE, KANSAS
OVERALL PLAN PLAN NORTH N
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Dirt Works Studio 3813 Greenway Drive 785.393.6183
Design + Build Lawrence, KS 66046 ckraus@ku.edu
Allen Belot Architects 708 W 9th St Ste 205 785.843.4670
Architect of Record Lawrence, KS 66044 abelot@sunflower.com
Apex Engineers, Inc Structural Engineers 9000 W 64th Terrace Merriam, KS 66202 913.432.3222 bryce@apex-engineers.com T.O.W. 10' - 0"
Confidential Material: This material, specifications, and all information therein are the property of Dirt Works Studio. No part of this work may be revealed, reproduced, or made public to third parties without expressed written authorization and shall be returned on request.
RAMMED EARTH SIGNAGE
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Dumping earth into formwork one lift at a time
Me in the forms ramming
Preparing forms for another section of the wall
The construction was a very demanding process for a small and mostly inexperienced studio. Each one of us had to quickly learn how to do many different things, from concrete work, carpentry, and welding. Our studio was located in a warehouse on the other side of town where forms and anything for the canopy could be prefabricated. The class would usually separate into an on site team and an in warehouse team. We were able to get many things donated to reduce the total cost for our clients. The wood for the canopy came from old telephone poles, the cement used in the rammed earth was all donated, and the excavation service for the footings was at no cost. We also experienced our share of problems though, such as rain, manufacturer mistakes, and delayed shipping.
Shou Sugi Ban process
Loading up ten foot steel column to haul to the site
Assembling steel for canopy at warehouse
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Structure was designed to be easily fabricated and transported from a warehouse while blending well with the wood and not becoming a major focus.
View of trailhead when exiting trail.
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Signage needed to be readable from the road so contrasting material and large font was chosen.
Materiality was extremely important to this project with heavy light colored rammed earth to darker but lighter wood and steel.
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The path crosses through the wall revealing the beginning of the trail
The wall emerges from the landscape, beginning with no height and ending at ten feet tall with gaps in the wall becoming more frequent along the length
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The pieces of the canopy cantilever out in to the prairie while never touching one another
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Bankside Bicycle Station Bicycle station next to the Tate Modern in London
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7KLV SURMHFW ZDV EDVHG RQ D FRPSHWLWLRQ IRU D ELF\FOH VKHOWHU QHDU WKH 7DWH 0RGHUQ LW ZDV PRGLĂ€HG WR SURYLGH H[WUD SURJUDP and a much larger square footage. It needed to have bicycle storage, repair, and rental along with lockers and showers for the cyclists and a cafe or gift shop to draw in other pedestrians and tourists.
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Herzog & DeMeuron addition
View of Tate from Thames
Entrance to Tate from site
The backdrop of the project was the massive Tate Modern, which is a museum in a former power plant. The facility had been recently renovated by Herzog and DeMeuron who were also designing a new addition for the building. On the other side of the site are many new developments RI JODVV RIĂ€FHV DQG apartments creating a GLIĂ€FXOW VFDOH LVVXH IRU VXFK D comparatively small project.
Tate Modern with site and beginning of Herzog and De Meuron construction
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The site is centrally located within the city, and very near to the river. The size of the project was needed to accommodate for the amount of people that move through the area each day visiting the many nearby tourist attractions. The building could be located anywhere on the land on the south side of the Tate. I positioned it towards the edge of the site to retain the large open space while also being closer to an intersection of streets. It also needed to work with the museum and make it easier for those who would use the bicycle storage when visiting the Tate.
Surrounding context
Location in London, on South side of Tate Modern
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Early conceptual model
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Initial box through frame concept
An evolution with frame based on Palladian proportions
Much of the studio was spent developing conceptual designs. Once I began using a gridded frame as the primary structure I studied Palladio’s use of proportion to generate form and then altered those proportions to create more dynamic forms weaving through the frame while still considering program and function More complex frame
Varying frame sizes to morph the shape of the boxes
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Circulation and the approach to the building ZDV YHU\ LQÁXHQWLDO LQ the design process. A continuous path brings visitors from the ground WR WKH WRS ÁRRU XVLQJ RQO\ ramps, while elevators and regular stairwells are still available to others. The vertical circulation was placed outside of the frames to connect the building more to the site. The primary activities take place on the second level so it was crucial to orient WKH ÀUVW UDPS WRZDUGV WKH large open plaza to be most accessible and noticeable.
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Final model after many evolutions of design
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Interior of one of the volumes with bicycle racks and lockers.
Bridge leading to next volume of bicycle racks with other path leading to shower room.
Restaurant on WRS Ă RRU IRU a quick bite to eat while enjoying the view.
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Top down view of physical model showing layering of volumes
Single rectangle in frame that remains consistent through each grid.
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Pabst Warehouse Lofts Work/Live lofts for existing warehouse in Kansas City’s Crossroads district
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This project was to redevelop a warehouse over one hundred years old into an apartment building of work/live lofts with additional program to connect the building and its inhabitants to surrounding neighborhood. Very little of the exterior could FKDQJH WR EHQHĂ€W IURP KLVWRULF WD[ FUHGLWV FUHDWLQJ D FKDOOHQJH RI VLJQLI\LQJ WKH EXLOGLQJV SXEOLF UROH
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Street face of building
Excellent view from roof
The building was in a state of disrepair and completely closed off to the street, however the large warehouse doors in the front facade provide an opportunity it engage the street and the entire community.
The building was built in three different phases resulting in three different structural grids, each ZLWK D GLIIHUHQW PDWHULDO 2QH LV FDVW LURQ DQRWKHU LV FRQFUHWH DQG WKH ÀQDO LV KHDY\ WLPEHU Trying to preserve the building as much as possible was challenging when dealing with these irregular grids, but they later informed apartment layout and other building features.
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Street art in alley
Nearby street view
Roof garden on nearby building
Location in Crossroads district
The building is located in the Crossroads district, just South of downtown Kansas City. It was originally a warehouse district that has recently been changing into an artist district. There are many galleries and events that are reshaping the area. Every month there are multiple events to support local artists that draw in many people. There is also a growing trend in urban gardens and green roofs. Several businesses have developed green roofs with patio space for their employees. Another project is a community farm that was developed on an old lot where nothing was happening. Many of these changes are being LQLWLDWHG E\ VHYHUDO DUFKLWHFWXUH ÀUPV LQ WKH DUHD VXFK DV Architects, El Dorado, and BNIM. /LIH ÀQGLQJ SODFHV WR JURZ
Garden near performing arts center
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,QLWLDO FRQFHSW RI OLJKW ÀOWHULQJ WKURXJK DQ DWULXP ZLWK EULGJHV
Sketch of layering walkways
Because the building is square in plan and only has two sides with windows, the center is very dark so from the beginning I wanted to develop an atrium to bring in light as well as offer connections to other residents.
(DUO\ RUJDQLF IRUPV RI WKLV ZHUH VLPSOLÀHG XQWLO D V\VWHP RI MXVW ÀYH SXQFWXUHV was developed, this was to minimize the amount of change in the building while maximizing the effect of these changes.
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Sun exposure at seasonal extremes determining placement of holes
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Small light study model
Section of larger light study model
7KH SXQFWXUHV WKURXJK WKH à RRU ÀW ZLWKLQ WKH existing grid and provide natural light deep into the building year round. These holes are positioned to bring light directly to the residents’ private green spaces. They also serve to create ventilation and cool the space in hot months. Another important aspect of these holes is the connection to the rest of the building. In typical apartments, residents rarely see others on GLIIHUHQW à RRUV QRZ HDFK à RRU LV FRQQHFWHG vertically to encourage a greater sense of community. The central space acts as a shared space with large tables and kitchen equipment for large get together and feasts or for artists that live there to have a larger space to collaborate in. Air travel through atriums
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Floor 1 Green Space Floor Cut-Out
Floor 2
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Kitchen view
View of living room in more public section of apartment
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Floor 4
Atrium oriented on a diagonal to maximize sunlight reaching indoor green spaces. The glass box on top has operable windows to allow air to rise from the market below all the way up and out through the roof or to stay closed and trap heated air during the winter. Each apartment unit has access to a small plot of green space directly in front of their apartment. Occasional stairs within the atrium allow residents multiple access points WR RWKHU Ă RRUV
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Farmers market RQ PDLQ Ă RRU with food from the roof and other urban farms
Greenhouses on roof glowing at night
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Atrium space RQ IRXUWK ÁRRU with view to neighbors to encourage greater sense of community
Central area RI ÁRRU ZLWK D kitchen and table for the residents of HDFK ÁRRU
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Denver Culinary Incubator A food based community center in the Five Points neighborhood of Denver
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The focus of this project is a culinary incubator, a place to help people in the area start their own business with an emphasis on food related activities. Many different programmatic spaces were combined to reach this goal. The required spaces include a large commercial kitchen, cafe, market, seed library, food bank, greenhouse, business incubator, event space, and a kitchen for food trucks. 6 61
Looking down Welton Street towards downtown
Area of Welton Street adjacent to the site
Recently a light rail line has been built along Welton Street to encourage growth along this area. A stop is directly in front of the site creating a FRQVWDQW Ă RZ RI SHRSOH JRLQJ WR DQG IURP GRZQWRZQ
Many buildings still remain vacant throughout the neighborhood but more people are moving in and creating opportunities. Several new businesses have opened nearby that are bringing in more people.
The site, currently a parking lot for the light rail stop
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The Five Points neighborhood is located just outside of downtown Denver. Historically, it has had a strong African American population with a thriving jazz culture attracting many of the greatest American musicians to play in some of the local venues. Around the 1970’s the neighborhood began to decline under economic stress leaving much vacant and only recently has begun to grow again. The addition of the light rail along Welton Street hopes to revitalize the district. It is still lacking many basic community amenities which this building is meant to address. It can serve as a catalyst for other projects to spring up nearby to give the community what it needs. Mural depicting jazz history of neighborhood
Mural on dilapidated shed
Light rail train moving down Welton
Nearby bottled water company
View of mountains from downtown
Location of site within Five Points neighborhood
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Early massing concept generated from site forces
Granaries from past and present
Food truck gathering area and facade sketches
Tower paneling ideas
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Because the building’s primary focus was on food and community I looked into the notion of the granary. In past civilizations a community would store it’s surplus grains in a single structure as the centerpiece of their community. It represented a level of progress and stability and what the people shared. In current times we still have grain elevators dotting the landscape of the plains. I wanted this building to have a tower to serve this symbolic notion and imbue it with an industrial aesthetic to EHWWHU ÀW LW·V FRQWH[W 7KLV WRZHU LV QRW RQO\ D beacon for the community but also serves a more functional purpose. By climbing the staircase to the top, one gets a view of the mountains that is otherwise hidden at ground level. While in the other direction a view to the vast plains can be seen and connect the visitor to the land where much of their food comes from.
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Initial ideas of tower puncturing elevated corner
Details for rooftop greenhouse
Detailing was very important in this project. Inspiration came from industrial agricultural equipment and structures like grain silos and barns and also more local context such as the historic homes and modern light rail V\VWHP $OO RI WKHVH LQĂ XHQFHG WKH GHVLJQ OLNH WKH IDFDGH RI wood slats placed within metal rails. Facade detail for wood slats supported by metal rails
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Section showing event space, market, and cafe
Welton Street elevation
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Section showing business incubator, food bank, and seed library
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Central courtyard space with well. This area serves as the primary gathering location and the well is to connect the community to their source of water, the aquifer beneath them.
The facade and notion RI Ă RRU SODWHV sliding past one DQRWKHU UHĂ HFW the movement of the light rail train and linearity of Welton St. Stepped retaining walls on the edge of the building provide an alternate meandering path to the upper levels of the building.
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The building is composed of volumes sliding past each other and rising as they approach the intersection, the most active point on the site, here a grand entrance is created where one passes through a forest of columns into the peaceful courtyard to escape the busy urban space.
The facade is inspired from the wood siding on barns that have narrow gaps allowing for thin beams of light through, in this building the gaps are wider towards eye level and less slats are present where views are available.
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The most important aspects of the semester were designing a building that would acknowledge its context and designing to a level of detail where individual components could be understood in relationship to their whole. For this a site model was created with the neighborhood and it’s buildings so that a small model could be placed on the site and it’s relationship to the others could be examined. Another model was built to explore smaller elements and details. This model was much larger at 3/4” = 1’ - 0” scale. At this scale much was learned about the construction possibilities of certain aspects of the design.
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Study Abroad Travels through three major countries in Asia
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, FKRVH WR VWXG\ DEURDG LQ $VLD WKH RIĂ€FLDO WULS LQFOXGHG VWD\V LQ 6HRXO DQG %XVDQ LQ 6RXWK .RUHD DQG %HLMLQJ DQG 6KDQJKDL LQ China, there were also day trips to Suzhou, Hangzhou, Daegu, and Yeosu. In addition to this the other students and I decided to leave early to visit Japan where we stayed in Tokyo and Kyoto for a few days. The trip covered many ancient temples, national landmarks, and many well known contemporary buildings.
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Skyline of Seoul (top left) and Shanghai (other images). Both incredibly fast growing mega cities with nearly constant construction.
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Xiangshan Campus, Hangzhou, China, by Wang Shu 78
Buildings by 2012 Pritzker Prize winner, Wang Shu. These buildings show a strong sense of materiality and a connection to the past while still being dynamic in form and experience.
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Bird’s Nest, Beijing, China, by Herzog and De Meuron 80
CCTV Tower, Beijing, China, by OMA 81
Busan Cinema Center, Busan, South Korea, by Coop Himmelb(l)au 82
Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea, by Perrault 83
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Buildings from the world expo at Yeosu, South Korea and some remaining buildings from Shanghai World Expo 2010
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Resume Mark Linenberger Education Experience
University of Kansas, School of Architecture, Design, and Planning 2013 2011 2010
AIAS
Awards
Publications
Skills Contact
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Corgan Associates, Summer Intern Worked on various projects in schematic design and construction administration SKDVHV 'HYHORSHG FRPSXWHU PRGHOV IRU HDUO\ GHVLJQV DQG FUHDWHG VLPSOLĂ€HG renderings for the clients. Also worked in Revit for construction documents The Architect, Bruce Glass, Summer Intern &$' GUDZLQJV VLWH YLVLWV FOLHQW PHHWLQJV HOHYDWLRQV DQG Ă RRU SODQV IRU H[LVWLQJ EXLOG ing, additions and renovations of educational facilities GMCN Architects, Summer Intern &$' GUDZLQJV VSHFLĂ€FDWLRQ UHYLHZ FOLHQW PHHWLQJV GLJLWDO PRGHOLQJ SKRWR UHQGHU detail drawings for new high school
2012-2013 Public relations manager Posters, Facebook, and emails for meetings Midwest Quad Conference Planning Committee Organized rammed earth workshop Attended AIAS Forum 2012, and Spring and Fall Midwest Quad Conferences of 2012 Monsters of Design, Best of Show: Roth Trailhead AIA Kansas Honor Award: Roth Trailhead 50x50 Building of the Week, American-Architects.com KU Today, “KUFS’s new Roth Trailhead wins two design awards� - November 2012 Rammed Earth Conservation, “From the Ground Up� - June 2012 Lawrence Journal World, “Trail Entrance to Honor Teachers� - May 2012 Rhino, Grasshopper, Revit, 3DS Max, SketchUp, AutoCAD, Photoshop, InDesign, Illustator MarkLinenberger@gmail.com, 785-331-5286